Unit 3Inventors and inventions单元知识点与考点精练精讲

Unit 3　Inventors and inventions
[来源:21世纪教育网]
1．distinguish(vi.& vt.)　　　显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
2．passive(adj.)　　被动的；消极的；被动语态的21世纪教育网
3．seize(vt.)　　抓住；捉住；夺
4．file(n.)　　文件；档案；文件夹
　(vt.)　　提交；将……归档
5．freezing(adj.)　　冰冻的；严寒的
6．bear(vt.)　　忍受；忍耐；负担
7．tap(vt.& vi.)　　轻打；轻拍；轻敲
(n.)　　轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头
8．stable(adj.)　　稳固的；稳定的；安定的21世纪教育网
9．practical(adj.)　　实际的；实践的；实用的
10．competence (n.)　　能力；胜任；本领
11．current n．(水或气)流；电流；adj.现在的；当前的
12．merciful(adj.)宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→mercy(n.)宽大；仁慈
13．convenient(adj.)便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience(n.)便利；方便→inconvenient(adj.)不方便的；引起麻烦的
14．caution(n.)小心；谨慎→cautious(adj.)小心的；谨慎的→cautiously(adv.)小心地；谨慎地
15．expectation(n.)预料；期待；期望→expect(v.)预料；期待；期望；认为
16．innocent(adj.)清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence(n.)天真；清白
17．associate(vt.)联想；联系；(n.)同伴；伙伴→association(n.)协会；社团；联合；联想
18．abrupt adj.突然的；意外的→abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地
1．call_up　　　　　　　　　　给……打电话
2．now_and_then　　偶尔；有时
3．set_about　　开始；着手
4．dive_into　　迅速把手伸入；一心投入
5．set_out_(to_do)　　开始(做)21世纪教育网
6．hang_on　　不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住
7．out_of_order　　次序颠倒；发生故障
8．get_through　　设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；
(设法)做完；通过
9．ring_back　　回复电话
10．ring_off　　挂断电话
1．Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟随它，在它的周围探索，那么在你知道它之前，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。
名师指津：“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构。
例句仿写：尽力和你的孩子成为朋友，这样你会真正地知道他们在想什么。
Try to be friends with your children，and_you_will_really_know what they are thinking about.
2．The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。
名师指津：so...that...引导的结果状语从句。
例句仿写：这个巨星如此平易近人，以至于她和粉丝们相处得很好。
This superstar is so_easy-going_that she can get along well with fans.
3．The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot.
第二天早上，天还不是很热，我就早早地起来了。
名师指津：before意为“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句。
例句仿写：遭受地震袭击的地区，人们的生活要过很长时间才会恢复正常。
It_will_be_a_long_time_before the people’s life in earthquake-stricken areas returns to normal.
4．Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.
只有获得了认证，你才可以说是一个真正的发明者。
名师指津：only＋状语位于句首主句要部分倒装。
例句仿写：只有当他离开家时他才意识到他的家是多么的好。
Only when he was away from home did_he_realize how nice home was.21世纪教育网
distinguish vi.& vt.辨别；显示……的差别
(朗文P588)The twins are so alike，it’s difficult to distinguish one from the other.
这对双胞胎太像了，很难分辨出谁是谁。
(1)
(2)distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的
(3)distinguishable adj.易分辨的，能区分的
①(牛津P580)At what age are children able to distinguish_between_right_and_wrong?
儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？
② It is known to us that Sun Yang has already distinguished himself as an althlete.
众所周知，孙杨作为一名运动员已享有盛名。
③Honestly speaking，I admire your distinguished achievements.
诚实地说，我真羡慕你卓越的成就。
convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的
教材原句P20：They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.他们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里去了。
(1)
(2)
①Come and see me whenever it_is_convenient_to_you.
只要你方便，随时过来看我。
②Trains are fast and convenient，but rush hours can be terrible.
城铁方便快捷，但上下班高峰时也会拥挤得可怕。
③I’ll call in two weeks to arrange a meeting at_your_convenience.
我会在两周后打电话来把会议安排在您方便的时候。21世纪教育网
bear(bore，borne) vt.忍受；忍耐；负担；生育
(牛津P129)The ice is too thin to bear your weight.
冰太薄，承受不住你的重量。
(1)bear/stand/tolerate doing/to do sth.忍受做某事
put up with sth.容忍某事
(2)bear/keep sth.in mind记住……
bear a heavy burden肩负重担
①I can’t bear people smoking while he’s eating.
我无法忍受人们吃饭时吸烟。
②Bearing_a_heavy_burden，she has to work hard to bring up her children.肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。
③Reasonable as the opinion sounds，it cannot bear the test through analysis.
虽然这个观点听起来有道理，但是它经不住分析。
associate vt.联想；联系；n.同伴；伙伴
(2012·辽宁卷信息匹配)The first step to making friends is associating with other people.
交朋友的第一步就是要跟他人联系。
(1)
(2)
①You must bear it in mind that you should never associate with bad companions.你必须要牢记千万别和坏人交往。
②(牛津P104)He is closely_associated_in the public mind with horror movies.
在公众的心目中，他总是和恐怖电影紧密联系在一起。
③We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
我们联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．In my opinion，________________________________(旅行是非常方便的) in London by underground.
答案：　it is very convenient to travel
2．He wished to forget everything______________________________________________(跟过去的生活有联系) and start a new life.
答案：　associated with his former life
3．If you would give me another chance，I believe I can____________________(达到你的期望)．
答案：　live up to your expectation
4．When the couple were laid off，____________________(没有稳定的收入)，they could hardly make ends meet.
答案：　with no stable income
5．He’s too young to________________________(明辨是非)，and needs your guidance.
答案：　distinguish right from wrong
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·皖南八校联考)It is the superior intelligence and the use of language that distinguish man________the other animals.
A．with　　　　　　　　　 B．from
C．between D．among
解析：　考查介词。句意为：正是高超的智力和使用语言的能力把人和其他动物区别开来。distinguish...from...把……和……区别开来，为固定搭配。
答案：　B
2．—Have you decided which house to buy?
—No，not yet.I must find a house that is________for all kinds of transportation.
A．convenient　　　　　　　　　 B．appropriate
C．available D．content
解析：　convenient方便的；便利的，其主语通常是物，符合题意。
答案：　 A
3．As far as the American children are concerned，the Christmas is________with excitement，happiness and gifts.
A．associated B．get
C．deal D．satisfied
解析：　句意为：对于美国的孩子来说，圣诞节与兴奋、幸福和礼物连在一起。associate联想，联系；be associated with与……有联系，符合题意。be satisfied with对……感到满意，其余两项搭配不当。
答案：　A
4．—Why did Bob cry?
—He couldn’t bear________like that before the whole class.
A．making fun of B．being made fun of
C．to be laughed D．being made fun
解析：　动词bear后跟v.-ing形式作宾语，且此处应该使用被动形式。
答案：　B
call up给……打电话；使……回忆起
教材原句P20：When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.
我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。
call at拜访(某个地点)
call off取消，停止
call on/upon拜访(某人)；号召
call for需求；需要；去接(某人)；为争取……而呐喊
①The sound of happy laughter called_up memories of his childhood.这笑声使他回忆起童年时代的情景。
②The Ministry of Education calls on students to exercise for an hour every day.教育部呼吁学生每天锻炼一个小时。
③As far as I know，the flight has been called_off because of the bad weather.据我所知，航班因天气恶劣被取消。
get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过
(全国卷Ⅱ)She found writing helped her get through the rough days.她发现写作帮助她度过了那些艰难的岁月。
get across被理解，使人了解
get into进入；陷入；染上(习惯)
get off下车；脱下(衣服等)；(使)动身；(飞机)起飞
get along with...与……相处
get over越过(墙等)；克服；从(病、损失等)中恢复过来
①I tried phoning her office，but I couldn’t get through.
我试着给她办公室打电话，但是没打通。
②Much to my delight，I got_through the driving test.
使我非常高兴的是，我通过了驾驶考试。
③(2011·安徽卷)I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
我设法做完了游戏，最后疼痛是值得的。
④If we can get_over present difficulties，then everything should be all right.如果我们克服了目前的困难，那么一切都应该好起来。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．Your letter____________________(使我想起岁月) we worked together on the farms fifteen years ago.
答案：　calls up the days when
2．—Have you finished your homework yet?
—Not yet，I________________________(开始做) just a few minutes ago.
答案：　set out to do/set about doing
3．It’s the love and responsibility that have driven him to________________________(度过) many hardships and survive.
答案：　get through
4．The teacher was angry with Tom because he looked out of the window ____________________(偶尔，有时)．
答案：　now and then
5．The machine________________(出故障)．I have to have it repaired.
答案：　is out of order
6．If you________________(不挂断，稍等) a while I will go and see if I can find your mother.
答案：　hang on
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·南京四校阶段调研)Armed with the information you have gathered，you can________preparing your business plan.
A．set out B．set about
C．set off D．set up
解析：　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：收集到的信息已备好，你可以开始准备你的商业计划了。此处应用set about表示“开始做，着手做……”，其后用动名词形式。set out 后接 to do，set off表示“出发”，set up表示“建立”，均与语境不符，所以选B 项。
答案：　B
2．(2014·皖北协作区联考)—Do you know his daughter will________the project?
—Really？I don’t know it yet.
A．look up to B．get across to
C．live up to D．get down to
解析：　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：——你知道他的女儿将开始做这个计划吗？——真的吗？我还不知道。get down to开始做，符合语境。
答案：　D
3．(2013·江西临川一中压轴考试)In terms of character teaching，storytelling is one of the best ways to________your points________，especially to young kids.
A．get；around B．get；across
C．get；over D．get；through
解析：　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：就汉字教学而言，讲故事是(学生)理解你的观点的最好的方法，特别是对小孩子来说。get around到处走走，说服；get across理解；get over克服；get through完成，接通。根据题意可知，应选B项。
答案：　B
4．—Please forgive me to________you________so late，but I have something urgent.
—That’s all right.What’s the matter?
A．call；by B．call；off
C．call；in D．call；up
解析：　考查短语辨析。call up给……打电话。句意为：——请原谅我这么晚给你打电话，但是我有急事。——没关系，什么事？call by顺路来一下；call off取消；call in顺路(到某处或某人的家)。
答案：　D
The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。
so...that...如此……以至于……；引导状语从句。
①She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
她是如此可爱的女孩，以至于我们都喜欢她。21世纪教育网
②His plan was such a_good_one_that we all agreed to accept it.
他的计划如此好以至于我们大家都同意接受它。
③There are so_many_students in the hall that I can’t find a seat.大厅里有如此多的学生，以至于我找不到座位。
so/such...位于句首时，主句使用倒装语序。
Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟随它，在它的周围探索，那么在你知道它之前，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。
祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...，＋主句
祈使句＋or＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句
名词词组＋and＋陈述句
①(2013·长春市第一次调研)Start out right away，or you’ll miss the last train.
马上动身，否则你会赶不上最后一班火车的。
②(2012·湖南卷)Close the door of fear behind you，and you will see the door of faith open before you.
关上你后面的恐惧之门，你将会发现信念之门在你面前打开。
③It is really very dangerous.One more step，and the baby will fall into the well.真危险。再多迈一步，这个小孩儿就掉进井里了。
21世纪教育网
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．有如此多的作业要做，我们没有时间休息。
So much homework______________________that we had no time to take a rest.
答案：　did we have to do
2．按一下按钮，门就会自动打开。
____________________and the door opens by itself.
答案：　Press the button
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·江西八校联考)________the past，leaving the sadness behind，________you’ll see the door of a new bright world open before you.
A．Forget；and B．Forgetting；and
C．Forget；/ D．To forgetting；/
解析：　考查祈使句。句意为：忘了过去，把悲伤抛到脑后，那么你就会看到一个全新世界的大门在你面前打开。“祈使句＋and/or/but＋sb./sth.will do”是一种常见的句型，这时的祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句。
答案：　A
2．(2013·四川省绵阳市第二次诊断)Bobby, ________the alarm clock for 6 o’clock，or you will oversleep and be late for the train，
A．setting　　 B．sets
C．set 　　 D．to set
解析：　考查固定结构。句意为：鲍比，把闹钟定在六点钟，否则你会睡过头，误了火车的。此处是“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构，故选set。
答案：　C
3．(2014·四川省南充市第一次适应性考试)________，I think，and you will settle the problem.
A．So long as you keep up your spirits
B．If you make your efforts
C．Making great efforts
D．A bit more effort
解析：　考查固定句式。此处为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构的变形，祈使句在该结构中可简化为一个名词短语，因此选D项。I think在句中作插入语。
答案：　D
4．(2013·安徽淮北二模)________in sea trial of the aircraft carrier (航母试航) that he decided to watch it on TV.[21世纪教育网]
A．So interested the boy was B．Such interested the boy was
C．Such interested was the boy D．So interested was the boy
解析：　考查倒装句。修饰形容词或副词用so，修饰名词用such。本题修饰interested用so，“so＋形容词/副词”位于句首主句要部分倒装。
答案：　D
5．(2013·绵阳三诊)________after a whole day’s work that he could hardly stand it.
A．So he was tired and hungry B．Was he so tired and hungry
C．So tired and hungry was he D．So tired and hungry he was
解析：　考查倒装句。当so/such...that...结构中的so或such连同它所直接修饰的成分位于句首时，主句要用倒装，而that后面的从句不倒装。“so＋形容词”是主语补语的前置，应用全部倒装。
答案：　C
seize v．抓住，抓取；没收，查封；扣押
seize/grasp a chance/an opportunity to do/of doing...
抓住机会做某事
seize sb.by the＋部位/seize＋部位
You should seize the opportunity to work abroad with both hands.
你应该紧紧抓住这次出国工作的机会。
expectation n．预料；期待；期望[来源:21世纪教育网]
come/live up to one’s expectations不负所望
in expectation of期待；指望；预料会有
beyond expectations料想不到
I usually enjoy his movies，but the latest one didn’t live up to my expectations.我通常喜欢他的电影，但是最新的一部电影没有我料想的那么好。
now and then偶尔；有时(＝sometimes，but not often)
from time to time有时；不时
(every) now and again时而；不时
once in a while偶尔
occasionally偶尔；有时
out of order次序颠倒；发生故障；混乱的；有毛病的；出故障的
in order秩序良好的
The railway traffic is out of order owing to floods.
洪水使得铁路交通中断。
set about开始；着手(about是介词，其后常接名词或动名词)
The moment he arrived home，he set about cleaning up the mess.
他一回到家，就开始打扫乱七八糟的东西。
【写作素材】
1．一天，一个学生突然打电话给我，说她毕业了并开始找工作了。
2．她不能忍受北方严寒的天气。
3．她想在交通方便的南方城市找份工作。
4．只有通过面试，她才能在那家公司得到那份工作。
5．她想抓住当前的机会。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
【连句成篇】
One day，a student called me up abruptly，saying that she graduated and set about finding (set out to find) a job.She cannot bear the freezing weather in the North.So she wants to find a job in a city in the South where transport is convenient.
But only by getting through the interview can she get the job in the firm.She wants to seize the current chance.
过去分词
1．(2014·芜湖一中模拟)Lidia，I finally had some pictures from the camping trip________and brought them to you since you lost your camera in the trip.
A．print B．printed
C．printing D．to print
解析：　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“from the camping trip”是宾语“some pictures”的后置定语，且pictures与print之间构成被动关系，即have sth.done，意为“请别人做某事”。
答案：　B
2．(2014·福建高中毕业班质检)It is said that sixty percent of all energy________in the world today is being lost as wasted heat.
A．produced B．producing
C．to produce D．having produced
解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意：据说现在世界上生产的60%的能源正在以废热的形式流失。分析句子成分可知，produce与其逻辑主语energy之间是动宾关系，故此处用动词的-ed形式作定语。
答案：　A
3．(2013·江西临川一中压轴考试)It was quite dark，but I could see a man________on the floor________up.
A．lies；tied B．lying；tied
C．lying；ties D．lie；tied
解析：　考查非谓语动词。see经常用于see sb./sth.doing结构中，意为“看见某人/某物正在做某事”，所以第一空用现在分词形式；第二空动词tie与其逻辑主语man之间是被动关系，所以用其过去分词形式。
答案：　B
4．(2014·枣庄模拟)The guests left most of the dishes________，because they did not taste delicious.
A．untouched B．to be untouched
C．being untouched D．untouching
解析：　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，所填词作宾语补足语，逻辑主语是句子宾语“most of the dishes”，非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是动宾关系，应用过去分词，表示被动和完成。
答案：　A
5．(2014·山东省实验中学一模)Greatly moved by the movie，________.
A．tears came to the audience’s eyes
B．the audience could hardly hold back tears
C．tears could hardly be held back
D．the audience’s eyes were filled with tears
解析：　考查非谓语动词。过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语保持一致，此处moved为move的被动形式，意为“被感动”，即观众被电影感动得流泪了。
答案：　B