2023年中考英语复习语法知识专项突破(通用版)
16定语从句
【知识突破】
定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导
1. 英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后,而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如:
The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.
先行词 定语从句
昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。
2. 英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂,有先行词、关系代词或关系副词
1)被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系
2)关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语,关系副词在句中作状语。如:
I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. (主语)
先行词 关系代词
我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。
The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语)
先行词 关系代词
我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。
The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语)
先行词 关系代词
那个是他的母亲,名叫琳达·布朗。
That is the house where my father used to live.(状语)
先行词 关系副词
那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。
3. 初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法
1) who指人(也可用that),在定语从句中作主语,也可作宾语。如:
Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. (主语)
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语)
王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。
注意:关系代词who指人,作宾语时,可用whom代替;作宾语时,关系代词可省略。作其它成分,关系代词则不能省略。
2) whose指人,也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。如:
The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today.
其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。
I have a story book whose cover is red.
我有一本封面是红色的故事书。
3) which指物(也可用that),在定语从句中作主语,也可作宾语。如:
Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. (主语)
足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。
I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)
我不相信汤姆赢得这场比赛的消息。
4. 关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。
如:
That is the place in which I lived for five years.
=That is the place which / that I lived in for five years.
那就是我住过五年的地方。
Mr Zhang is the man for whom I am looking.
=Mr Zhang is the man who / whom / that I am looking for.
张先生就是我正在找的那个人。
5. 具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题
1) 先行词是地点时,如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时,关系代词用that或which。
如:
The school that / which I used to study in is becoming better and better.
(the school 作了介词in的宾语。)
我过去曾经学习的那所学校变得越来越好了。
先行词是地点时,如果该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时,关系代词用where. 如:
The place where the accident happened isn’t far from our school.
事故发生的那个地方离我们学校不远。
(定语从句中的动词happened是不及物动词,它不跟宾语,而the accident又作了定语从句的主语,因此该定语从句既不需要主语,也不需要宾语。)
2) 只用that,不用which的情况
(1)前有序数词修饰时。如:
This is the tenth gift that I received for my birthday. 这是我收到的第十个生日礼物。
(2)前有形容词最高级修饰时。如:
That is the most exciting game that I have ever watched. 那是我曾经看过最令人兴奋的比赛。
(3)先行词是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代词时。如:
All that he told me is true. 他告诉我的一切是真实的。
(4)先行词被the only修饰时。如:
The only thing that I can get is a pen. 我唯一能得到的东西就是一支钢笔。
(5)先行词既指人,又指物时。如:
We talked about the people and the things that we were interested in.
我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。
3) 只用which,不用that的情况
(1)定语从句是物时,定语从句由“介词+关系代词which”引导。如:
The thing about which the teacher is talking is very important.
老师正在谈论的那件事非常重要。
(2)先行词本身是that, those时,如:
What’s that which is flying in the sky 在天空中飞的那是什么?
总之,我们作为初中英语教师要把初中英语中的定语从句讲解清楚,帮助学生理解课文和阅读理解中的定语从句,帮助学生用定语从句进行正确的书面表达,为以后更进一步的学习定语从句打下坚实的基础。
【能力突破】
1. The first thing_______ I am going to do this evening is to write to my father.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
2. There will be a flower show in the park _____ we visited last week.
A. who B. where C. which
3. ---Have you found the information about famous people ________ you can use for the report
--- Not yet. I’ll search some online.
A. whom B. which C. who D what
4. “Dentist” is the doctor takes care of your teeth.
A. which B. who C. what
5. Please remember to return the book ______ you borrowed last week.
A. it B. which C. what D. one
6. Is this the supermarket___________ you worked several weeks ago
A. where B. that C. which D. who
7. — Have you found the glasses ______ you lost last week
— Not yet. But I have just bought a new pair.
A. those B. who C. that
8. I want to visit a place is famous for its scenery.
A. which B. where C. when D. who
9. —Please say something about Zheng He.
—Oh! He is the Ming dynasty explorer of ______ all the Chinese are proud.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
10. My grandfather have an old house in _____ they have lived for 70 years.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
11. -What are you looking for,Mary?
-I’m looking for the ring my husband bought me last year.
A. that B. who C. whom D. it
12. The weather turned out to be very good, ________ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
13. In fact the Swede didn’t understand the three questions ______ were asked in French.
A. where B. who
C. in which D. which
14. People ________ are born in the Year of the Tiger are considered to be strong and brave.
A. which B. who C. what
15. My grandparents like to live in a house is not very big but bright and comfortable.
A. which B. who C. what D. where
16. The man_________ is talking to our teacher is Betty’s father.
A. which B. whom C. who D. what
17. — Do you know the young boy ________ is reciting a Tang poem over there
— Yes. He’s a friend of ________.
A. which; mine B. who; me C. which; me D. who; mine
18. I don’t know the man ________ is standing at the door. Mary tells me that he is Mr. Green.
A. who B. which C. whose D. what
19. — Do you know the woman ____ is walking on the other side of the street
— Oh, that’s my history teacher.
A. What B. which C. who D. whom
20. People often like clothes ______ can make them look young.
A. when B. who C. that D. Where
21. Please show me the book ________ you bought yesterday.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. this
22. The girl ________ you saw in the street is Mary.
A. that B. whose C. which D. as
23. —What kind of music do you like, Linda
—I like music ________ I can dance to.
A. when B. that C. what
24. The boy ________ is holding a ball is my brother.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. who
25. —Do you know the girl __ is giving the speech
—Of course. She is my best friend, Meimei.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
26. —Have you searched the information ________ you want to use in your report
—Not yet. I will do it right now.
A. that B. when C. what
27. Little Bonny is going to be the person _________ can change the world.
A. who B. when C. which D. what
28. We all like comedies __________ make us relaxed.
A. who B. that C. whom
29. Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need.
A. what B. who C. whom D. which
30. The first thing _____my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter
A. which B. that C. why D. who
31. The man ________ is talking to the students is our English teacher.
A. who B. which C. /
32. Chaka Salt Lake ________ is known as Mirror of the Sky interests more and more tourists.
A. where B. which C. who
33. The gift ________ my mother gave me ________ more than 100 dollars.
A. that; spend B. who; took C. which; cost D. /; paid
34. The man________ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. whom B. which C. who D. /
35. —What kind of music do you like
—I like music ________ I can dance to.
A. that B. where C. who
36. —Do you know the girl ____ has got an A in the English exam?
—Yes. She is my classmate.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
37. Confucius is a man ________ had many wise ideas and thoughts.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
38. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. ________ I got wet through.
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how
39. Eileen Gu ________ is an outstanding athlete (运动员) has become more and more popular around the world since the 24th Olympic Winter Games.
A. / B. who C. which D. what
40. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from who D. to whom
41. — What kind of movies do you like
— I like movies ________ can cheer me up.
A. who B. what C. how D. that
42. According to a survey, people ___________ are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. who
43. —Do you still keep the photo of you ________ your father took ten years ago
—Of course I do.
A. who B. which C. whom D. what
44. Parasite《寄生虫》became the first non-English best movie ______ has won Oscars in history.
A. that B. which C. who
45. Zhong Nanshan is a brave doctor ________ is known to millions of Chinese people.
A. who B. which C. what D. when
46. —Do you know the boy___________ got the first prize in the talent show
—Of course. He’s my new neighbor.
A. whose B. whom C. which D. who
47. The four tools _________ people use for Chinese handwriting are called “Four Treasures of Study”.
A. that B. who C. what D. whom
48. — Have you found the information about the famous people ________ you can use for the report
— Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.
A. who B. which C. whom
49. Pay attention to the students ________ laugh at you.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
50. The young lady ________ is talking with our teacher comes from America.
A. where B. that C. which D. when
51. We should remember those ________ lost their lives for our country.
A. who B. whom C. which
52. Journey to the West is a book influences teenagers a lot.
A. which B. who C. what
53. —Do you know Li Ziqi
—Of course. She is a beautiful girl ________ has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life.
A. whose B. where C. which D. who
54. —How do you like the book Little Women
—Wonderful. I think it is the best one ________ tells us the importance of family.
A. / B. what C. which D. that
55. —What kind of movies do you like
—I like movies ________ are not scary.
A. who B. that C. where
56. —What are you looking for
—I’m looking for the magazine ________ I bought yesterday.
A. who B. whom C. which
57. Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn
A. that B. / C. which D. it
58. Wondering Earth is an exciting movie __________ was made by Chinese.
A. who B. which C. /
59. —Which do you think is the most interesting invention
—These beautiful clothes ________ are made of paper. They can keep us warm in winter.
A. what B. that C. who
60. —Why does she always ask you for help
—There are very few people ________, ________
A. who she can turn to; aren’t there B. she can turn to; are there
C. for her to turn to; aren’t there D. who can turn to; are there
61. China is getting better at making hi-tech products ______ can be bought in all parts of the world.
A. who B. which C. what
62. FISU World University Games ________ will be held this summer in Chengdu attracts the world’s attention.
A. which B. what C. where
63. I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me.
A. who B. which C. what D. how
64. Mr Smith _______ is smoking is looking for _______ he lost yesterday.
A. whom; which B. who; what C. that; who D. which; where
65. On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ________ President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.
A. who B. whose C. which D. what
66. —Do you like the movie ________ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin
—Sure. I think no movie is ________ than it.
A. that; more touching B. what; less touching C. that; more touched D. which; less touched
67. I like music that I can dance to. 划线的单词是_______。
A. 指示代词 B. 关系代词 C. 连接词
68. One of the places of interest are often visited is the Niagara.
A. that B. what C. who D. where
69. I hate the dogs live in the next house. They make loud noises all night
A. who B. that C. what D. whom
70. —Do you know the girl ________ is standing over there
—Yes. She is my sister.
A. when B. where C. who D. which
71. —Look! That is the woman ________ I met yesterday.
—Oh She’s my aunt.
A. what B. whom C. where D. when
72. Li Wenliang is a brave doctor ________ is known to millions of Chinese people.
A. who B. which C. what D. when
73. The teacher _________ I like best often encourages me _________ my dream.
A. who; fight for B. that; to fight for C. which; to fight for D. which; fight for
74. My grandparents like stories __________ have happy endings.
A. they B. who C. which D. /
75. —Do you know the boy ________is talking to Mr Zhang
—Yes. He is our monitor.
A. which B. who C. whose D. whom
76. —Do you know the woman _______ is talking with our teacher
—Yes, she is a reporter from CCTV.
A. who B. which C. whose
77. The app “MAYI” encourages people to give away the clothes ________ they don’t need to the poor.
A. what B. whom C. who D. that
78. —Have you heard of Erquan Yingyue
—Yes. It was one of the most moving pieces of music ________ I’ve ever heard.
A. that B. which C. who
79. In America, Thanksgiving is a holiday _____________ celebrates the love of family.
A. who B. / C. that
80. He ________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
A. whom B. / C. which D. who
81. My cousin likes to read magazines ________. He can get some ideas about which places to travel.
A. that talk about popular cartoons
B. that explain science experiments
C. which tell stories of famous people
D. which introduce wonders of the world
82. Most students like the teachers ________ understand them well.
A. which B. who C. whose D. whom
83. Do you know the young lady ________ your mother is talking with?
A. whom B. whose C. what D. which
84. —Which is your new neighbor, Liu Hua —The man _______ T-shirt is red.
A. that B. who C. which D. whose
85. — Have you watched the TV play" In the Name of People”
— It’s the most popular play _______ our Party’s trying to struggle against corruption (反对腐败).
A. where show B. which show C. that shows D. who shows
86. The boy ______ won first prize is a ______ boy.
A. that; 15 years old B. who; 15 years old
C. who; 15-year-old D. which; 15 year old
87. The boss ________ department Ms. King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.
A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose
88. I prefer news that ________ about sports.
A. is B. are C. have D. with
89. —Do you like National Treasure, the weekly TV show on CCTV
—Sure. It’s a great culture TV show ________ has been very popular in China.
A. who B. whom C. which D. what
90. We follow ________ that car has left in the grass.
A. mark B. marking C. the marks D. to mark
91. I really like the family photo ________ we took on my grandpa’s 80th birthday.
A. who B. that C. what D. whose
92. The first thing ________ you should do is to quit smoking.
A. which B. whom C. what D. that
93. — What kind of books do you like best
— I like books ________ are about science and technology.
A. who B. whom C. which
94. The twins are both good at tennis, so they joined the tennis club together ________ our school started last year.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
95. I don’t like people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. which B. who C. whose
96. Don’t throw away pens and erasers ________ you haven’t used up.
A. where B. which C. who D. what
97. The computer _______ the day before yesterday has caught a virus.
A. which I bought it B. I bought C. what I bought D. I bought it
98. — How do you like the movie The Battle at Lake Changjin (长津湖)
— It is the best movie________ I have ever seen.
A. which B. who C. what D. that
99. We should do all ________ is useful to people.
A. / B. that C. it D. which
100. —Is the woman ______ walked past just now your teacher
—Yes, she teaches ______ English and we all love her very much.
A. which; our B. who; us C. which; us D. that; our
参考答案
1. A
【解析】句意:我今晚打算做的第一件事是写信给我的爸爸。what是疑问词,不能作关系代词。that、which、who均可作关系代词,which用来指物,who用来指人,that既可以指人又可以指物。当先行词前有序数词修饰时,关系代词只能用that。根据题意,先行词thing前有the first修饰。故选A。
2. C
【分析】考点:考查定语从句。
【解析】试题分析:句意:在上周我参观的那个花园里要有一个花展。此题考查定语从句,因为先行词是park指物又做visit的宾语;who先行词是人;where先行词是地点,副词,不能作宾语;which先行词是物,可以作宾语;根据句意,故选C。
3. B
【解析】试题分析:句意: 你找到了一些我们可以用在报告上的名人信息了吗?还没有,我将在网上找。句中缺的是定语从句的关系词,根据句意得知,先行词是information信息,而且关系词在句中作宾语,故此题选B。
考点:考查定语从句。
4. B
【解析】句意:“牙医”是照顾你牙齿的医生。本题考查的定语从句,先行词是 doctor,指人,关系词在 定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词 that 或 who,故排除A和C,故选 B。
5. B
【解析】句意:请记得归还上星期你借的书。
本题考查定语从句关系代词。A. it (人称动词 );B. which (代词); C. what(疑问词);D. one (代词);定语从句先行词book是物,关系代词用which;故选B。
6. A
【解析】句意:这就是你几周前工作过的超市吗?
本题考查定语从句引导词。A. where关系副词,哪里; B. that关系代词,指物;C. which关系代词,哪一个;D. who关系代词,谁;先行词supermarket表示地点,定语从句中不缺主语和宾语,缺少地点状语,故用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选A。
7. C
【解析】句意:——-你找到上周丢的眼镜了吗?——还没有。但我刚买了一副新的。
考查定语从句的关系代词。those那些,代词;who,关系代词,先行词是人,在从句中当主语; that关系代词,先行词是物或人,在从句中当主语或宾语;先行词“the glasses”是物,故选C 。
8. A
【解析】试题分析:句意:我要参观一个以风景闻名的地方。a place后跟的是定语从句。定语从句的先行词指地点,而且关系词在从句中作地点状语时,用where作关系词;先行词指人时,关系词用who、whom、that;先行词指事物时,关系词用that、which。本题中关系词在定语从句中作主语,指事物,故选A。
【考点定位】 考查定语从句。
9. B
【解析】试题分析:句意:请你说说郑和。——哦,他是所有中国人都为之感到骄傲的明朝探险家。结合语境可知本句中人称代词指代的是前文的the Ming dynasty explorer,指人,做介词宾语,故用宾格形式,故选B。
考点:考查定语从句
10. B
【解析】试题分析:句意:我祖父有一座他们已经居住了70年的旧房子。先行词是house,并且在定语从句中做状语,因此引导词是in which 故选B。
考点:考查定语从句。
11. A
【解析】句意:——你在找什么,玛丽 ——我正在找去年我丈夫给我买的那枚戒指。本题考查定语从句。所选项引导定语从句,修饰指物的先行词the ring,并在从句中作宾语,故用that或 which,作宾语的关系代词可省略。此空故填that,故选A。
12. B
【解析】句意:结果天气很好,比我们想象的好多了。
考查非限定性定语从句引导词。根据句意可知,横线处为前面的整个句子的含义。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。that不能用于非限定性定语从句。it不为连词,不能连接两个句子。故选B。
13. D
【解析】试题分析:句意:事实上瑞典人不明白用法语问的那三个问题。当先行词是物时,关系词用that或which。结合句意,故选D
考点:考查定语从句的用法。
14. B
【解析】句意:虎年出生的人被认为是强壮和勇敢的。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句,先行词“People”是人,在从句中作主语,用连接词who。故选B。
15. A
【解析】试题分析:句意:我的祖父母喜欢住在不是很大但却明亮舒适的房子里。先行词house是物且在定语从句中做主语,故定语从句引导词用 A. which。故选A。
考点:考查定语从句。
16. C
【解析】试题分析:句意:与我们的老师谈话的那个人是贝蒂的父亲。Which哪一个;whom宾格,谁;who主格,谁;what什么。先行词the man是人,在定语从句中充当主语,因此用关系代词who来引导,所以选C。
考点:考查定语从句。
17. D
【解析】试题分析:句意为:---你认识那边正在背诵唐诗的小男孩吗?---认识,他是我的一个朋友。在定语从句中,从句的引导词由先行词而定。which指物,who指人。“Of+名词所有格或名词性物主代词”是双重所有格,表示部分概念。根据语境,“the young boy”指人,应用who,“a friend of mine”指“我的朋友中的一个朋友”。故选D。
考点:考查定语从句及代词的用法。
18. A
【解析】句意:我不认识在门口站着的那个人。玛丽告诉我他是格林先生。
考查定语从句引导词。who谁,代替人,在从句中作主语或宾语;which哪一个,代替物,在从句中作主语或宾语;whose谁的,代替某人的,在从句中作定语;what什么,不能引导定语从句。根据“I don’t know the man ... is standing at the door.”可判断先行词为the man,指人,所以用引导词who,在定语从句中作主语。故选A。
19. C
【解析】试题分析:句意:-你认识走在街道的另一边的那位女人?-哦,那是我的历史老师。先行词woman在定语从句中作主语,可以用关系代词who代替。所以选C。
考点:考查定语从句。
20. C
【解析】句意:人们通常喜欢能够让他们看上去年轻的衣服。
A. 什么时候, 何时;B.谁;C.那个;D.在哪里。首先分析句子结构,本句中的"______ can make them look young"在复合句中作定语,是定语从句。由于先行词clothes 为下文定语从句的逻辑主语,且指物,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者which,故选C。
21. A
【解析】句意:请把你昨天买的那本书给我看看。
考查定语从句关系词。which哪一个;whom谁;whose谁的;this这个。先行词是the book,是物,在从句中做宾语,所以关系代词用that、which或省略。故选A。
22. A
【解析】句意:你在街上看到的那个女孩是Mary。
考查定语从句关系词。分析句子可知,先行词是The girl,是人,且在从句中作saw的宾语,因此关系代词选用who、whom、that或省略;分析选项可知,只有A符合题意。故选A。
23. B
【解析】句意:——琳达,你喜欢什么样的音乐?——我喜欢我能跟着跳舞的音乐。
考查定语从句。when先行词是时间,在从句中做状语;that先行词是人/物,在从句中作主语/宾语;what不引导定语从句。空前先行词“music”是物,需用that引导定语从句。故选B。
24. D
【解析】句意:这个拿着球的男孩是我的弟弟。
考查定语从句。what什么;which哪一个,指代物;who谁,指代人。the boy是先行词,表示的人,定语从句用who指代人,在从句中做主语。故选D。
25. B
【解析】句意:——你知道那个演讲的女孩么?——当然知道,她是我最好的朋友,梅梅。
考查定语从句。which指代物,在定语从句中主语或宾语;who指代人,在定语从句中主语或宾语;who指代人,在定语从句中宾语;what什么。此处是定语从句,先行词是girl指的是人,定语从句用who,who在定语从句中做主语。故选B。
26. A
【解析】句意:——您是否搜索了要在报告中使用的信息?——还没有。我马上去做。
考查定语从句。由句子结构可知,空后“…you want to use in your report”是定语从句,先行词是information,指物,且从句中缺少宾语,应用that引导定语从句。when引导定语从句时是关系副词,在从句中作状语;what不能引导定语从句。故选A。
27. A
【解析】句意:小邦妮将成为能够改变世界的人。
考查定语从句。who修饰指人的先行词; when在定语从句中作时间状语;which修饰指物的先行词;what不能作定语从句的引导词。根据“Little Bonny is going to be the person … can change the world.”可知,空格后为定语从句,空处为引导词,先行词为“a person”,是人,引导词应用who。故选A。
28. B
【解析】句意:我们都喜欢喜剧,喜剧让我们放松。
考查定语从句。who指代人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;that指代人或物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;whom指代人,在定语从句中作宾语。先行词是comedies,是物,用关系代词that,that在定语从句做主语。故选B。
29. D
【解析】句意:对不起,我们没有你要的外套。
考查定语从句。what什么(不用于定语从句);who代指人,作主宾;whom代指人,作宾;which代指物,作主宾;根据先行词“the coat”,是物,在从句中作“need”的宾语,所以此处是用“which”,故选D。
30. B
【解析】试题分析:句意:我的弟弟今天下午打算做的第一件事情就是写一封信。定语从句用来充当句中定语的成分,被修饰的名词叫先行词,连接主从句的是关系词。关系词分:1关系代词:who , whom , whose , which , that 。2关系副词:where, when why 等。一般的who 用于指代人的先行词,which 用来指代物的先行词,that既可指认又可指物。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语。但在下列情况下一般只用that而不用which :
先行词本身是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代词时, 先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only等作定语时,先行词既有人又有物时。故选B。
考点:考查连接词的用法
31. A
【解析】句意:和学生说话的那个人是我们的英语老师。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句,先行词是人“The man”,关系词在从句中作主语,用who引导定语从句。故选A。
32. B
【解析】句意:素有“天空之镜”之称的茶卡盐湖吸引着越来越多的游客。
考查定语从句,此句是定语从句,先行词Chaka Salt Lake 指物,在从句中作主语,用which引导定语从句,故选B。
33. C
【解析】句意:我妈妈给我的礼物花了100多美元。
考查定语从句和动词词义辨析。分析句子“...my mother gave me”作gift的后置定语,定语从句中缺少宾语,gift是物,空上可填which/that或者省略不填。spend和pay是动词,意为“花费”,通常主语是人,take当“花费”讲时,主语通常是it,cost主语是物,这里主语是the gift,所以第二空填cost。故选C。
34. C
【解析】句意:住在我们隔壁的那个人是我的英语老师。
考查定语从句。A. whom谁,宾格;B. which代指物;C. who谁;D. /;根据先行词是the man,是人;在从句中做主语,所以关系代词用that、who,结合句意:住在我们隔壁的那个人是我的英语老师。故选C。
35. A
【解析】句意:——你喜欢哪种音乐?——我喜欢我能跟着跳舞的音乐。
考查定语从句。that修饰表示人或物的先行词;where修饰表示地点的先行词;who修饰表示人的先行词。本题中关系代词that引导定语从句,修饰先行词music。故选A。
36. A
【解析】句意:——你认识那个英语考试得了A的女孩吗 ——是的。她是我的同学。
考查定语从句。A. who代指人,做主宾;B. which代指物,做主宾;C. whom代指人,做宾;D. whose谁的,作定语;根据句子结构,先行词the girl ,在定语从句中做主语,故选A。
37. B
【解析】句意:孔子是一位有很多智慧的观点和想法的人物。
考查定语从句。which指代物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;who指代人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whom指代人,在定语从句中作宾语;whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。先行词“a man”是指人,在定语从句“had many wise ideas and thoughts”中作主语,关系代词用who。故选B。
38. B
【解析】句意:我既没有雨衣也没有雨伞。这就是为什么我全身湿透了的原因。
考查定语从句的用法。分析句子可知,前后是因果关系,排除选项D;A选项中the reason是先行词,关系词选用why,不可省略,排除;B选项That’s why=It was the reason why。That’s why意为“这就是为什么发生某事的原因”,这是表示原因的表语从句很常用的一种句型。故选B。
39. B
【解析】句意:谷爱凌是一名出色的运动员,自从第24届冬奥会以来,她在世界各地越来越受欢迎。
考查定语从句。/不填;who指代人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;which指代物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句。根据“Eileen Gu ... is an outstanding athlete”可知,先行词“Eileen Gu”是人,在从句中作主语,用who作连接词。故选B。
40. D
【解析】句意:在黑暗的大街上,没有一个她可以求救的人。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知该句是定语从句,修饰先行词person。turn for help to sb.向某人求救,由此可知从句缺少介词to,和介词连用,先行词是人,所以要用关系词who的宾格whom,故选D。
41. D
【解析】句意:——你喜欢什么种类的电影?——我喜欢能够令我振奋的电影。
考查定语从句中关系词。who谁;what什么;how怎样;that那个。定语从句中,先行词为movies,指物,定语从句部分“…can cheer me up”缺少主语,故应用which或that作关系代词。故选D。
42. D
【解析】句意:根据一项调查,能说两种语言的人可以同时管理两件事。考查疑问词辨析。A. which哪一个,代物/人;B. whom谁,宾格,代人;C. whose谁的,代物主;D. who谁,主格,代人。本句是定语从句,people人/人们,在句中做主语,结合句意和语境,可知选D。
43. B
【解析】句意:——你依旧保存着你父亲十年前给你拍的那张照片吗?——我当然还保存着。
考查定语从句关系词。who先行词是人,且在从句中作主语;which先行词是物,在从句中作主语或宾语;whom先行词是人,且在从句中作宾语;what不作定语从句关系词。根据题干可知此处考查定语从句,先行词是the photo,指物,在从句中作宾语,用关系代词which符合题意。故选B。
44. A
【解析】句意:《寄生虫》成为历史上第一部获得奥斯卡最佳影片奖的非英语电影。
考查定语从句的关系词辨析。that既可指人又可指物的关系代词;which指物的关系代词;who指人的关系代词。根据句子结构,此句是一个定语从句,先行词movie指物,在从句中作主语,排除C选项。当先行词被形容词最高级best修饰时,关系词只能用that,所以空格处填that。故选A。
45. A
【解析】句意:钟南山是一位勇敢的医生,千百万中国人都知道他。
考查定语从句关系词辨析。who指人;which指物;what什么;when关系副词,指代时间。根据句子结构分析,本句为定语从句,先行词为“a brave doctor”,指人,且在从句中作为主语,所以应该使用“who”。故选A。
46. D
【解析】句意:——你认识那个在才艺表演中获得一等奖的男孩吗 ——当然。他是我的新邻居。
本题考查定语从句的关联词。whose的先行词是人或物,在定语从句中做定语;whom的先行词是人,在定语从句中做宾语;which的先行词是物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;who的先行词是人,在定语从句中做主语。本句的先行词是the boy是人,在定语从句中做主语,故选D。
47. A
【解析】句意:这四种人们用来写书法的工具被称为“文房四宝”。
考查定语从句的引导词。A. that既可指人也可指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。B. who指人,在从句中作主语。 C. what引导名词性从句。D. whom指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略。题干为定语从句,故可排除C。先行词the four tools,指物,所以此处应用that引导从句。故选A。
48. B
【解析】句意:——你有没有找到一些能够用于报告的名人的信息?——还没有。我将在网上搜索一些。
考查定语从句。who关系代词,先行词指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;whom关系代词,先行词指人,在从句中作宾语;which关系代词,先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;本句先行词information是物,在定语从句中作宾语,故用关系代词which或that引导定语从句,故选B。
49. A
【解析】句意:关注嘲笑你的学生。
考查定语从句。who关系代词,指人,代指先行词在从句中作主语或宾语;whom关系代词,指人,代指先行词在从句中作宾语;which关系代词,指物,代指先行词在从句中作主语或宾语;whose关系代词,指人或物,在从句中作定语。本句话中,先行词为“the students”,指人,且代指先行词在从句中作主语,故选A。
50. B
【解析】句意:正在和我们老师谈话的那位年轻女士来自美国。
考查定语从句。where关系副词,指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语;that关系代词,可指人,也可指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;which关系代词,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语; when关系副词,指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。从句的先行词是 lady,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以要用 who或 that。故选B。
51. A
【解析】句意:我们应该记住那些为我们的国家献出生命的人。
考查定语从句。who在句中作主语/宾语,指人;whom在句中作宾语,指人;which在句中作主语/宾语,指物。空前先行词“those”指人,且在句中作主语,用who引导。故选A。
52. A
【解析】句意:《西游记》是一本对青少年影响很大的书。
考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,后半句是定语从句,修饰先行词book,且关系词在从句中作主语,用which。故选A。
53. D
【解析】句意:——你知道李子柒吗?——当然知道,她是一个美丽的女孩,她制作了许多视频来展示中国传统的生活方式。
考查定语从句。whose谁的;where哪里;which哪一个;who谁。句中girl是先行词,表示“人”,所以使用关系代词who引导定语从句,who has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life作girl的定语。故选D。
54. D
【解析】句意:——你觉得《小妇人》这本书怎么样?——很好。我认为这是告诉我们家庭的重要性最好的一本书。
考查定语从句。此处含定语从句,先行词指书,引导词在从句中作主语,且先行词前有最高级the best修饰,只能用that。故选D。
55. B
【解析】句意:——你喜欢什么类型的电影?——我喜欢不吓人的电影。
考查定语从句关系代词的用法。who关系代词,指人;that关系代词,指物,也可以指人;where关系副词,指地方。定语从句中的先行词是movies,指物,从句中缺少关系代词作主语。故选B。
56. C
【解析】句意:——你正在找什么?——我在找昨天买的那本杂志。
考查定语从句。先行词magazine是指物,在从句中作宾语,用which引导定语从句,故选C。
57. A
【解析】句意:氧气是唯一帮助火燃烧的气体吗?
考查定语从句。先行词前面用the only来修饰,应该用that来引导,不能用which。故选A。
58. B
【解析】句意:《流浪地球》是一部由中国人制作的令人兴奋的电影。
考查定语从句辨析。根据句子结构,此句是一个定语从句。先行词movie是指物,在从句中作主语,结合所给选项,此空应填关系词which。故选B。
59. B
【解析】句意:——你认为哪个发明是最有趣的?——这些漂亮的纸做的衣服。它们可以让我们在冬天保持温暖。
考查定语从句的关系词。根据“These beautiful clothes ... are made of paper.”可知,先行词“clothes”指物,关系词用that或者which,在从句中作主语。故选B。
60. B
【解析】句意:——她为什么总是找你帮忙?——她能求助的人很少,是吗?
考查定语从句和反意疑问句。根据前句“There are very few people”可知,前句是否定句,所以反意疑问句部分应该用肯定的形式,排除A/C选项;第一句是定语从句,先行词是people,在从句中宾语,此处省略了关系代词whom,而D选项中关系代词是作主语,由题干可知,关系代词作宾语,所以排除D选项,故选B。
61. B
【解析】句意:中国在制造高科技产品方面变得更加擅长,并且这些产品世界大部分地区都能买到。
此句考查定语从句的关系词。who引导定语从句时先行词是人,who在从句中作主语或宾语;which引导定语从句时先行词是物,which在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能用来引导定语从句。本句的先行词是hi-tech products高科技产品,指物,用which来引导,故答案为B。
【点睛】在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you 他就是想见你的人吗 (who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
62. A
【解析】句意:今年夏天将在成都举行的FISU世界大学生运动会吸引了全世界的目光。
考查定语从句。作为定语从句的关系词,which先行词是物,在从句中做主语或宾语; what不能用于引导定语从句;where关系副词,可代替的先行词是地点的名词,在从句中作状语。本题的先行词FISU World University Games,指物,在从句中作主语,因此用which引导。故选A。
63. A
【解析】句意:我将记住我生命中那些帮助和支持过我的重要的人们。
考查关系代词。who先行词为人;which先行词为物;what不引导定语从句;how在从句中充当方式状语。此处引导定语从句修饰先行词people,是人,应该用who引导,故选A。
64. B
【解析】句意:正在抽烟的Mr. Smith正在寻找昨天她丢失的东西。第一个空是定语从句的关系词,先行词是Mr. Smith是指人,关系词用who,在定语从句中做主语,排除A;第二个空是做介词的宾语,用what来引导,在这里是指她丢的东西,用疑问词what来引导。根据题意,故选B。
65. C
【解析】句意:2020年12月31日,习近平主席的新年讲话鼓舞了中国人民更加努力地为祖国奋斗。
考查定语从句。who关系代词,指人,作主语;whose关系代词,指人或物,作定语;which关系代词,指物,作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句;句子先行词是speech,指物,在从句中作宾语,应用which引导,故选C。
66. A
【解析】句意:——你喜欢《长津湖》这部电影吗?——当然。我认为没有哪部电影比它更感人了。
考查定语从句和形容词辨析。第一处是定语从句,先行词是物,引导词在从句中作主语,排除B。touching感人的;touched感动的。此处修饰电影,用ing结尾的形容词,排除CD。故选A。
67. B
【解析】句意:我喜欢我能跟着跳舞的音乐。
考查句子成分。分析句子成分为that引导的定语从句,先行词为music,that为关系代词。故选B。
68. A
【解析】句意“尼亚加拉瀑布是人们经常参观的名胜之一”。
本题考查定语从句的关系词。A.关系代词,指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;B.定语从句的关系词中没有what,排除B;C.关系代词,指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;D.关系副词,引导地点状语。先行词为the places of interest,指物,且在从句中作主语,用that,故选A。
【点睛】初中定语从句中常用的关系代词:
关系代词 代指 在从句中所作成份
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
which 物 主语、宾语
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人或物 定语
69. B
【解析】句意:我讨厌住在隔壁的狗,他们整晚发出噪音。who "谁"指人,在定语从句中作主语;that "那个"指人或指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;what "什么"不能引导定语从句,引导名词性从句;whom "谁"指人,在定语从句中作宾语。根据先行词是the dogs,后面的定语从句缺少主语,故用代词that。故选B。
70. C
【解析】句意:——你认识站在那边的那个女孩吗?——是的。她是我的妹妹。
考查定语从句,when关系副词,在句子中作时间状语;where关系副词,在句子中作地点状语;who关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语;which关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子结构,可知是定语从句,从句缺少主语,先行词是girl,指人,则此处应用关系代词who,在从句中作主语。故选C。
71. B
【解析】句意:——看!那就是我昨天遇到的那个女人。——哦?她是我姑姑。
考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句,从句修饰先行词the woman,关系词在从句中作宾语。故选B。
72. A
【解析】句意:李文亮是一位勇敢的医生,被许多中国人所熟知。
考查定语从句。A. who谁;B. which哪一个;C. what什么;D. when什么时候。根据句子结构,这是一个定语从句,先行词为doctor,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故应用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选A。
73. B
【解析】句意:我最喜欢的那个老师经常鼓励我为梦想而奋斗。
根据句子结构可知是定语从句,先行词是The teacher,引导词可以是who/that,排除C/D;encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事;故选B。
74. C
【解析】句意:我爷爷奶奶喜欢有幸福结局的故事。
考查定语从句。先行词stories(故事)表示物,又关系词在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that或which,故选C。
75. B
【解析】句意:——你认识正在和张先生说话的那个男孩吗?——是的。他是我们的班长。
考查定语从句。which引导定语从句先行词指物,在从句中作主语、宾语;who引导定语从句先行词指人,在从句中作主语;whose引导定语从句先行词指人或物,在从句中作定语;whom引导定语从句先行词指人,在从句中作宾语。由“Do you know the boy … is talking to Mr Zhang”可知,从句中缺少主语,且先行词boy指人,故应用who引导定语从句。故选B。
76. A
【解析】句意:——你认识那个和我们老师说话的女人吗?——认识,她是中央电视台的记者。
考查关系代词。who谁;which哪一个;whose谁的。根据“Do you know the woman...is talking with our teacher ”及“she is a reporter from CCTV.”可知,句中先行词是the woman,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,所以用who引导。故选A。
77. D
【解析】句意:这款名为“MAYI”的应用鼓励人们把自己不需要的衣服送给穷人。
考查定语从句关系词。根据“the clothes ... they don’t need”可知此处是定语从句,先行词“the clothes”指物,且在从句中作宾语,用that引导定语从句。故选D。
78. A
【解析】句意:——你听说过《二泉映月》吗?——对。这是我听过的最动人的音乐之一。
考查定语从句。根据“It was one of the most moving pieces of music…I’ve ever heard”可知,此处为定语从句,先行词为music,指物,故排除C选项;先行词被最高级修饰,使用that引导。故选A。
79. C
【解析】句意:在美国,感恩节是一个庆祝家庭之爱的节日。
考查定语从句辨析。who指人的关系代词;/不填;that既可指人又可指物的关系代词。根据句子结构,此句是一个定语从句。先行词holiday指物,在从句中作主语,关系词不可省略,所以空格处填that。故选C。
80. D
【解析】句意:不到长城非好汉。
考查定语从句。题干包含定语从句。先行词是“He”,在从句中作主语。whom作宾语,指代人;which作主语或宾语,指代物;who作主语或宾语,指代人。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略。故选D。
81. D
【解析】句意:我表弟喜欢看介绍世界奇观的杂志。他能知道去哪一个地方旅游。
考查定语从句。that talk about popular cartoons谈论流行漫画;that explain science experiments解释科学实验;which tell stories of famous people讲述名人的故事;which introduce wonders of the world介绍世界奇观。分析句子结构可知,此处是定语从句;根据“He can get some ideas about which places to travel.”他能知道去哪一个地方旅游。可知,此处指的是介绍世界奇观的杂志。故选D。
82. B
【解析】句意:大多数学生喜欢理解他们的老师。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是“teachers”,且关系代词在句中作主语,因此关系代词用who。故选B。
83. A
【解析】句意:你认识你妈妈正在和她说话的那位小姐吗?
本题考查定语从句。A. whom谁;B. whose谁的;C. what什么;D. which哪一个。先行词lady是表示人的名词,关系代词在定语从句中作with 的宾语,故选用whom。语境是:你认识在和你母亲聊天的那位年轻女士吗?故选A。
84. D
【分析】考点:考查连词辨析。
【解析】试题分析:句意:——李华,哪个是你的新邻居?——T恤是红色的那个男士。男士的T恤,表示所有关系,用关系词whose,故选D。
85. C
【解析】句意:——你看过电视剧《人民的名义》吗?——这是我们党努力反腐的最受欢迎的剧本。考查定语从句。当先行词前有形容词的最高级或者序数词来修饰的时候,关系代词只能用that。故选C。
86. C
【解析】句意:获得一等奖的男孩是一个15岁的男孩。
考查关系词和限定词辨析。本句______won first prize做boy的定语,是定语从句;先行词boy是人,关系词在从句中做主语,需用who引导。后空需用形容词修饰名词boy,“基数词-单数名词-形容词”构成复合形容词,是固定结构。根据句意结构和语境,可知选C。
87. C
【解析】句意:十年前金女士工作的那个部门的老板看不起女性。
考查定语从句。根据“The boss … department Ms.King worked” 可知,是金女士所工作的部门的老板看不起女性,故此定语从句补全为Ms.King worked in his department ten years ago。故选C。
88. A
【解析】句意:我更喜欢与体育有关的新闻。
考查定语从句的主谓一致。本句是定语从句,空格处在句子中作谓语,先行词是news,不可数名词,关系代词that在定语从句作主语,可知谓语动词使用三单形式,故选A。
89. C
【解析】句意:——你喜欢中央电视台的每周电视节目《国家宝藏》吗 ——当然。这是一个很好的文化节目,在中国很受欢迎。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句,先行词TV show是指物,在从句中作主语,用关系词which或that,故选C。
90. C
【解析】句意:我们跟踪汽车在草地上留下的痕迹。
考查定语从句。mark作名词,意为“记号”,作动词意为“做标记”。that是定语从句引导词,所以空处应是先行词,先行词一般是名词或代词,排除BD选项。其次,此处特指汽车在草地上留下的痕迹,应用定冠词the修饰名词,故选C。
91. B
【解析】句意:我真的很喜欢爷爷80岁生日时拍的全家福。本题考查定语从句。A. who指代人;B. that既可以指人又可以指物;C. what不能引导定语从句;D. whose指代某人/物的。根据题干可知本句中的先行词是photo,指物,所以B选项that符合题意,故答案选B。
92. D
【解析】句意:你应该做的第一件事就是戒烟。
考查定语从句。which关系代词,指物;whom关系代词,作宾语;what不引导宾语从句;that关系代词,指人或物。先行词The first thing指物,且有first修饰时,关系代词用that。故选D。
93. C
【解析】句意:——你最喜欢什么类型的书?——我喜欢关于科学和技术的书。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词books是指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系词which引导定语从句,故选C。
94. A
【解析】句意:这对双胞胎都擅长网球,所以他们一起参加了我们学校去年成立的网球俱乐部。
考查定语从句的关系代词。which定语从句中代指物;;who定语从句中代指人;whom关系代词who的宾格;whose定句从句中作定语成分。根据“our school started last year.”可知,此句是定语从句,缺少“started”的宾语,且先行词是“the tennis club”,因此关系代词“which”符合句意。故选A。
95. B
【解析】句意:我不喜欢当别人陷入麻烦时袖手旁观的人。
考查定语从句。which 引导定语从句时,先行词是物; who关系代词,引导定语从句时,先行词是人,作定语从句的主语; whose在定语从句中作定语。该定语从句的先行词people是人,关系代词在从句做主语用who引导,故选B。
96. B
【解析】句意:不要扔掉你还没用完的钢笔和橡皮。考查定语从句引导词。what不引导定语从句,可排除D。where表示地点;which表示事物;who表示人。本句先行词pens and erasers(钢笔和橡皮)是物,需用which引导;根据句意结构和语境,可知选B。
97. B
【解析】句意:我前天买的那台电脑已经中病毒了。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句,what不能引导定语从句,首先排除C;先行词是computer,引导词用that或which,当引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略,A答案中which就是定语从句的宾语,it不能再使用;D答案中,作宾语的that/which可以省略,it也不能再使用,故选B。
98. D
【解析】句意:——你觉得《长津湖》这部电影怎么样?——这是我看过的最好的电影。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词由最高级修饰,要用关系词that引导定语从句,故选D。
99. B
【解析】句意:我们应该做所有对人们有用的事。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句,先行词是all,关系代词宜用that。故选B。
100. B
【解析】句意:——刚才走过的那个女人是你的老师吗?——是的,她教我们英语,我们都非常喜欢她。
考查定语从句以及代词辨析。第一空所在句子是定语从句,先行词woman是指人,在从句中作主语,应用who或that引导定语从句,排除A和C选项。us我们,人称代词宾格;our我们的,形容词性物主代词。第二空位于动词teach后,应填人称代词宾格作宾语,故选B。
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