2023年中考英语复习语法知识专项突破(通用版)
17主谓一致(there be)
【知识突破】
主谓一致
主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。语法一致,即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致。意义一致,即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义。就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
一、语法一致原则
主语采用单数形式时,谓语动词也要采用单数形式;主语采用复数形式时,谓语动词也要采用复数形式。
1. 当and连接两个或多个名词,或both … and …连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Tom and Mike are good friends. 汤姆和麦克是好朋友。
2. 不定代词either, neither, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody. nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
Everyone is waiting for the coming sports meeting.
每个人都等待着即将到来的运动会。
3. 由each, each … and each …,every, every ... and every …,one of ...等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Each boy and each girl was given a flower.
每个男生女生都领了一朵花。
4. 主语后接有with, along with, together with, as well as, no less than, more than, including, besides, like, except, but等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
Mr. White with two friends is leaving for Beijing.
怀特先生和两个朋友将动身去北京。
5. “a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of people have applied for this job.
许多人都申请了这份工作。
The number of people in our company is 230.
我们公司员工人数为230。
6. “a lot of (lots of, plenty of, a pile of, piles of, most of) +名词”或“分数或百分数十名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词为单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。
Lots of people have been there. 许多人都去过那儿。
7. 由“a pair (a kind, a series.)+of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs (kinds)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
A pair of glasses is left on the ground.
一副眼镜遗落在地上。
8. 某些只有复数形式的名词(clothes, trousers, shorts, shoes, gloves.)作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
My trousers were worn out. 我的裤子穿破了。
9. 不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Reading is interesting. 读书是有趣的。
二、 意义一致原则
谓语动调所用的单数形式还是复数形式要根据主语所表达的概念而定。
1. 由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。
The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.
这位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。
2. 表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词、名词词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。
Three months is a long time. 三个月是个很长的时间。
3. 集体名词(如family, team, crowd, class, group等)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。
My family is a small one with three people.
我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。
4. people, police等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The police are helping a girl look for her father;
警察正帮着女孩找爸爸。
5. one and a half的后面要接复数名词,作主语时谓语动词要用复数。
One and a half cakes are a good meal for him.
一个半蛋糕对他来说是一顿美餐。
有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致,而是与靠近它的名词保持一致,这种原则叫做就近原则。
三、就近原则
1. 由either … or …, neither ... nor ..., not only … but also …, not … but …或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.
不但我父母想看到我叔叔,我也想。
2. There be …和Here be … 两种句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。
There is a table and three chairs in the room.
房间里有一张桌子和三把椅子。
There be句型(存在句)
There be是英语中常用句型,意思是“有”,表示“人或事物的存在”。There在此结构中是引导词,已经没有副词“那里”的含义。There be后面的名词是句子的主语,属倒装结构。其问句形式是将be或will have/can/must等助动词、情态动词提至there之前,否定形式则直接在be或助动词、情态动词后加not,因此要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be+名词十地点(时间)”这一句型。
一、 There be 结构中的主谓一致
1. 一个名词或代词作主语
当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,其谓语动词必须用单数;当主语是可数名词复数时,其谓语动词必须为复数。
There is a tree (are many trees) in the picture.
画里有一棵树(很多树)。
2. 并列名词作主语
如果There be句型后的主语是几个并列的名词时,be应与靠近的那个名词保持数的一致。即该名词是单数,动词be用单数;该名词是复数,动词be用复数。
There is a bus and three cars in the picture.
画里有一辆公交车和三辆轿车。
二、There be结构中的时态
1. There be结构可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。
There were some books on the desk yesterday.
昨天桌子上有些书。
There will be a good film in the cinema next week.
下周电影院将有一部好电影。
2. There可以和各种情态动词或助动词连用。
There may be a bird on the branch.
树枝上也许有一只鸟。
3. There be结构中be的替代。
There be结构中,谓语动词除了be之外,还可用live, stand, go, come等表示“存在”意义的不及物动词。
There stands a tree in front of the house.
房前有一棵树。
Once there lived an old farmer. 从前有个老农民。
【能力突破】
1. The boys in our school ________ basketball and they play it after school.
A. like B. likes C. don’t like D. doesn’t like
2. Gina ________ my good friend (朋友).
A. am B. is C. are D. be
3. —Does he ________ a soccer ball
—No, he doesn’t. But he ________ two ping-pong bats.
A. have; has B. has; has C. have; have
4. Here ________ Jim’s parents.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
5. —Hi! I ________ Grace.
—Hi! My name ________ Jim.
A. am; am B. am; is C. is; am D. is; is
6. My brother and I ________ in the same school.
A. aren’t B. isn’t C. don’t D. doesn’t
7. There ________ a pencil and some books on the desk.
A. be B. is C. are D. am
8. My grandfather ________ reading after supper every day.
A. liked B. is liking C. like D. likes
9. —How ________ you
—I ________ fine, thanks.
A. are; is B. are; are C. are; am D. is; am
10. Look! The children ________ in the lake.
A. swim B. are swimming C. is swimming D. swims
11. Those are Tom’s ________.
A. a computer game B. computer game C. computer games D. a computer games
12. What ________ she have ________ dinner
A. do, in B. does, for
C. is, at D. can, to
13. Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting in our school.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
14. —What’s on the table
—There some bread and two apples.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
15. Tom and I ________ in the same class.
A. is B. am C. are D. isn’t
16. My family________ big. There are only 3 people.
A. aren’t B. isn’t C. is D. are
17. My shoes _________ brown and my sweater _________ green.
A. are;are B. is;are C. are;is D. is;is
18. My brother ________ a soccer ball but I ________.
A. have; don’t B. has; not C. have; not D. has; don’t
19. This ________ my sister and those ________ my parents.
A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are
20. There ________ a pencil and some pens in the box.
A. is B. are C. aren’t D. am
21. A number of tourists ________ Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city.
A. have been to B. has been to C. has gone to D. have gone to
22. There a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon.
A. is going to be B. will have
C. are going to be D. is going to have.
23. ________ is there on the table
A. How many apples B. How much bread C. How much breads D. How many food
24. In our city, the number of the teachers __________ about 2,000, but only about __________ of them are men teachers.
A. is; seven hundreds B. are; seven hundred
C. is; seven hundred D. are; seven hundreds
25. —Memorizing the words of pop songs _____ one of the greatest ways to learn more English.
—Yes. And I’ve lerned ____ that way .
A. is; a lot of B. are; a lot of C. is; a lot
26. There _________ a fashion show this weekend. Shall we go to watch it together
A. will have B. will be C. is going to D. is going to have
27. A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year.
A. protect B. is protected C. are protected D. protected
28. —The talent show Youth With You (青春有你) is becoming hotter and hotter online.
—Exactly. Half of our class ______ interested in it recently.
A. is B. are C. was
29. —Do you like songs by Taylor?
—Yes. Her music __________ nice and full of feelings.
A. sound B. sounds C. listens
30. There ________ many flowers in the park (公园).
A. is B. are C. am D. be
31. There is some ________ on the plate.
A. apple B. bread C. banana D. sandwich
32. Last Sunday my aunt ________ at home with me. We were watching TV all day.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
33. Here ________ your pens.
A. is B. are C. am
34. I think politics ________ very important.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
35. It’s said that there ________ a Marathon (马拉松) match in May in Shanghai.
A. will have B. is going to be C. is going to have D. has
36. There is little water in the glass, ________
A. isn’t there B. isn’t it C. is it D. is there
37. —There ________ a basketball match next Saturday. Shall we go and watch it
—Sounds great. Let’s go.
A. is B. will be C. was D. is going to have
38. Eric ________ have a hat.
A. am not B. isn’t C. don’t D. doesn’t
39. There ______ an English show this weekend. Shall we go and watch it
A. are going to be B. was C. will be D. were
40. —What ________ your sister ________ this Saturday
—Something special, because it’s her birthday.
A. are; going to do B. is; going to do C. does; do D. did; do
41. “He often goes to school by bike” means ________.
A. He often by bike to school
B. He often takes a bike to school
C. He often rides a bike to school
D. He often rides to school by bike
42. Not only I but also my father _______ the drink.
A. likes B. like C. don’t like D. liking
43. ________the words of pop songs_______ a good way to learn English.
A. Memorize; is B. Memorize; are C. Memorizing, is D. Memorizing, are
44. Are there any ________ in your city
A. libraries B. factory C. university D. hospital
45. —What’s in the picture on the wall
—There a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.
A. has B. are C. is D. have
46. There are __________ on the table.
A. two milk B. two bottles of milk C. much milk D. two bottles of milks
47. There is going to ________ a film at the cinema this evening.
A. have B. being C. be D. having
48. It’s ten o’clock now. We don’t have to be ________a hurry. There ________a lot of time left.
A. to; is B. in; are C. in; is D. with; are
49. —________ your classmate from
—She is from Shanghai.
A. Where’s B. Where’re C. What’s D. Where
50. Nancy, as well as her brother, always ________ their parents in daily life.
A. depend on B. depends on C. depend D. depends
51. —Not only my friends but also I ________ interested in football.
—So you are so healthy!
A. be B. am C. is D. are
52. — More than ________ of the students in our school ________ boys.
— That’s really a great number.
A. two thirds; are B. two thirds; is C. second thirds; are
53. —Who ________ a new ruler in my class
—Many students ________.
A. have; have B. has; has C. has; have D. have; has
54. Tommy often with his family ________ to the park on weekends.
A. goes B. go C. are going D. went
55. ________ the teachers in our school is 158. More than half of them are women teachers.
A. A number of B. The number of C. A lot of
56. It ________ more than 20 years since Hong Kong ________ to China.
A. is; returned B. was; returned C. has been; has returned D. have been; has returned
57. Susan usually ________ a bus to school every day.
A. has taken B. took C. takes D. will take
58. Your set of keys ________ in Classroom 3F. Please ask the teacher ____ them.
A. is; to B. is; for C. are; at D. are; for
59. — Why do you want to go to America, Mary
— The subjects students study in America __________ different from __________ in China.
A. are; that B. are; those C. is; it D. is; one
60. —I’ll drink half of the apple juice. The rest ________ for you, Sandy.
—Only for us three I’m afraid the rest ________ going to be unhappy.
A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are
61. —________ a pay phone on Center Street
—Yes, there is.
A. Is there B. There is C. Is it D. It is
62. Mike is a good boy. He _____late for school.
A. not be B. isn’t C. isn’t be D. aren’t
63. The National Cartoon Exhibition ________ in Shanghai every year for fans of all ages.
A. is held B. was held C. has been held D. will be held
64. Look! A group of teachers _________ over there now.
A. is going to sing and dance
B. are going to sing and dance
C. is singing and dancing
D. are singing and dancing
65. I think Amy is suitable for being ________ an accountant ________ a doctor. She is too careless.
A. Both; and B. either; or C. not only; but also D. neither; nor
66. _________ of the desert in that district _________ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two-thirds; have been B. Two-thirds; has been
C. Two-thirds; have D. Two-thirds; has
67. —Ten years ________ since the road was built.
—It brings more chances to the small village.
A. have passed B. passed C. has passed
68. She _______ oranges, but she ________ apples.
A. like; don’t like B. likes; doesn’t likes C. likes; doesn’t like D. like; don’t likes
69. There ________ an art room,a reading room and two computer rooms on the second floor.
A. has B. is C. be D. are
70. —There ________ a football match next Saturday. Shall we go to watch it
—Of course. Let’s go.
A. will have B. will be C. is going to have
71. Simon’s shoes ________ white, so this pair of shoes ________ his.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
72. A number of visitors _____ visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors _____ increasing.
A. are; is B. is; are
C. are; are D. is ; is
73. There ________ a class meeting this afternoon. Please get ready for it.
A. will have B. is going to have C. has D. is going to be
74. There will be an important meeting next week.
A. 宾语 B. 定语 C. 主语 D. 表语
75. Look !Some salad here and some hamburgers on the plate.
A. is ;is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
76. — _______ things are there on the desk
— There _______ a glass of water and three apples.
A. How many; are B. How much; is C. How many; is D. How much; are
77. —What do you think of yesterday’s activity in your community
—Wonderful. A lot of useful advice on self-protection ________.
A. offered B. was offered C. were offered
78. — What do you think of the community here
— Wonderful!________ of the land ________ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifths; is B. One fifth; are C. Two fifths; are
79. Neither Mom nor I ________ Chengdu before, so we are excited about going there and seeing pandas this vacation.
A. has been to B. have been to C. has been in D. have been in
80. Forty minutes ________ for the children to finish all the work.
A. is a quite long time B. are quite a long time
C. is quite a long time D. are quite long time
81. Neither Jim nor Tom _______ Australia before, but they know the country very well.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to
82. He ________ in his best clothes, ready for his evening out.
A. is dressing B. dresses C. is dressed D. dressed
83. —Where is Mr. Wang
—He together with his students _______Zhuyuwan Park.
A. has gone to B. have gone to
C. has been to D. have been to
84. My cousin dancing, but I .
A. enjoy; doesn’t B. enjoys; don’t C. enjoys; does D. enjoy; don’t
85. The teachers in our school each ________ a computer now.
A. are having B. have C. is having D. has
86. The number of the volunteers in our city 2 ,000. And sixty percent of them teachers and students.
A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are
87. —In our class ______ of the students are girls.
—And the number of them ______30.
A. third fifths; is B. third fifth; are C. three fifths; is D. three fifths; are
88. —There ________ a new movie next Sunday.
—Really I will go to watch it.
A. will have B. are going to be C. are going to have D. is going to be
89. It is reported that ________ of the doctors sent to Wuhan ________ post-90s. They made their own efforts to win the virus battle.
A. two fifth; is B. two fifth; are C. two fifths; are D. two fifths; is
90. Not only Jim but also his sister ________ a few cities in the south since they came to China.
A. have visited B. has visited C. visited D. visits
91. The summer holidays are coming, so the twins as well as Jack ______to Hong Kong for vacation.
A. is going B. are going C. goes D. go
92. There __________ a children’s football match in our school next Sunday.
A. will have B. is going to have C. are going to have D. will be
93. Not only Peter but also his father ________ crazy about the basketball match.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
94. — Do you think ________ an art show next week
— Yes, I think so.
A. there have B. there will have C. there will be D. there is going to have
95. —It’s a pity that my teachers parents allow me to swim alone.
—After all you are too young, safety first.
A. either...or B. neither… nor C. both...and D. not only...but also
96. Attention, please. There __________ a football game between China and Korea this evening.
A. is going to be B. has been C. has D. will have
97. The handsome man ________ next door to us is very strange.
A. which stands B. that stand C. that stands D. who stand
98. Every student as well as some teachers who ______ to visit the museum _____ asked to be at the school gate before 7:30 in the morning.
A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is
99. —Using public chopsticks ______ necessary when eating with others.
—That’s right.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
100. In the near future, there ____ self-driving cars in our city.
A. is B. was C. are D. will be
参考答案
1. A
【解析】句意:我们学校的男孩喜欢篮球,他们放学后打篮球。
考查主谓一致。根据“they play it after school.”可知,他们喜欢篮球,应该用肯定形式,排除C/D选项;句子主语the boys为复数,动词需用原形,排除B项。故选A。
2. B
【解析】句意:吉娜是我的好朋友。
考查主谓一致。主语Gina是第三人称单数,be动词用is,故选B。
3. A
【解析】句意:——他有一个足球吗?——不,他没有。但是他有两个乒乓球拍。
考查主谓一致。一般疑问句主语前有助动词“Does”,谓语用动词原形have;陈述句主语“he”是第三人称单数形式,谓语用动词的第三人称单数形式has。故选A。
4. C
【解析】句意:这里是Jim的父母。
考查倒装句。“Here…”是倒装句,因此主语在后。此句中主语是“Jim’s parents”,是复数,因此be动词用复数are。故填are。
5. B
【解析】句意:——你好!我是格雷丝。——你好!我的名字是吉姆。
考查be动词。am是,主语是I;is是,be动词单数形式,主语是第三人称单数或单数名词或不可数名词;第一句主语是I,be动词应用am;第二空主语是name,be动词应用is,故选B。
6. A
【解析】句意:我和我的哥哥不在同一所学校。
考查be动词和主谓一致。根据“My brother and I ... in the same school.”可知,这里应该用be动词,和后面的介词短语构成系表结构;主语“My brother and I”表示复数,be动词用are。故选A。
7. B
【解析】句意:桌子上有一支铅笔和一些书。
考查主谓一致。此句是There be句型,谓语动词用“就近原则”,be与最近的名词保持一致,此处应与“a pencil”一致,be动词应用is,故选B。
8. D
【解析】句意:我爷爷每天晚饭后喜欢看书。
考查时态辨析及主谓一致。根据“every day”可知用一般现在时,主语“My grandfather”后接动词的第三人称单数形式likes。故选D。
9. C
【解析】句意:——你好吗?——我很好,谢谢。
考查主谓一致。根据句子结构,第一句主语是you,系动词要用are;第二句主语是I,系动词要用am。故选C。
10. B
【解析】句意:看!孩子们正在湖里游泳。
考查动词时态。根据“Look!”可知,本句是现在进行时,其结构为am/is/are+现在分词。又因主语“The children”是复数,be动词用are。故选B。
11. C
【解析】句意:那些是汤姆的电脑游戏。
考查主谓一致。根据“Those are”可知后面的名词是复数。C选项符合,故选C。
12. B
【分析】
【解析】句意:她晚饭吃的什么?
考查动词和介词。do助动词;does助动词,用于主语是第三人称单数形式;is是;can能。in在……里面;for 为了,对于;at在具体时刻或时间;to 到。for dinner是固定短语,而且这句话的主语是she,是第三人称单数形式,故选B。
13. A
【解析】句意:每个学期,我们学校都会举行一次家长会。
考查动词时态和be动词的用法。根据“Once a term”可知,此处是描述一个一般性情况,需用一般现在时,可排除CD选项;且“a parents’ meeting”是单数,be动词用is。故选A。
14. B
【解析】句意:—— 桌上有什么?—— 有一些面包和两个苹果。
考查there be句型以及就近原则。根据“some bread”和“there be”的就近原则可知,bread是不可数名词,因此is符合句意。故选B。
15. C
【解析】句意:我和汤姆在同一个班。
考查动词辨析。is用于第三人称单数形式;am用于第一人称单数形式;are用于复数和第二人称;isn’t是is的否定形式。主语“Tom and I”是复数形式,故系动词应用are。故选C。
16. B
【解析】句意:我的家庭不大。只有三个人。
考查be动词。根据“My family... big.”可知,此处“family”指“家庭”这一整体概念,谓语单数用单数形式,排除A和D选项。根据“There are only 3 people”可知,家庭并不大,所以谓语动词使用isn’t。故选B。
17. C
【解析】句意:我的鞋子是棕色的,毛衣是绿色的。
考查主谓一致。第一句主语是复数名词,be动词应用are;第二句主语是单数名词,be动词应用单数is,故选C。
18. D
【解析】句意:我哥哥有一个足球,但我没有。
考查主谓一致。第一句主语是单数名词brother,动词用三单形式has,排除A/C选项;结合but转折可知,后句表达的是相反的意思,后句是否定句,主语是I,此处应用助动词do构成否定,故选D。
19. B
【解析】句意:这是我妹妹,那些是我父母。
考查系动词。第一空前“this”,意为“这,这个”,表示的是单数,因此be动词是is;第二空前“those”,意为“那些”,表示的是复数,因此be动词是are。故选B。
20. A
【解析】句意:在盒子里有一支铅笔和一些钢笔。
考查主谓一致。句子是there be句型,be动词形式遵循“就近原则”,句子主语是两个名词a pencil 和some pens,此时谓语动词由离谓语动词近的名词的单复数来决定,应与a pencil一致,应用is,故选A。
21. A
【解析】句意:大量的游客去过扬州很多次,因为它是一座如此美丽的城市。
考查动词的现在完成时和主谓一致。have gone to去了某地,表示在去某地的路上或到了某地还没回;have been to去过某地。“a number of”表示“许多的、大量的”,用来修饰可数名词复数形式,用作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。排除B和C选项。根据“Yangzhou many times”可知表达“去过很多次”,用have been to。故选A。
22. A
【解析】句意:今天下午在一班和三班之间有一场篮球赛。
考查there be句型的一般将来时。表示有,客观存在,用there be句型,其一般将来时形式用there will be或there is/are going to be,排除BD;根据空后“a basketball match”可知be动词用is。故选A。
23. B
【解析】句意:桌子上有多少面包?
考查不可数名词的用法。因题干中动词用is,bread为不可数名词,可先排除A和C。又因many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,故选B。
24. C
【解析】句意:在我们城市,教师的人数大约是2000人,但其中只有大约700人是男教师。
考查主谓一致及数词的用法。the number of表示“……的”,修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,排除B和D选项。表示确切的数量,用基数词+数词的单数形式,故选C。
25. C
【解析】句意:——记流行歌曲是学更多英语的最好的方法之一。——是的,我用那个方法学了很多了。
根据主语-Memorizing the words of pop songs,谓语动词用单数形式,排除B;根据a lot of 许多,修饰名词;a lot 许多,修饰动词;故选C。
26. B
【解析】句意:这个周末将有一场时装秀。我们一起去看好吗?
考查there be句型和时态。根据“There”可知,此处是there be结构,be动词不能用其他词代替,排除A/D选项;结合“this weekend”可知,句子应用一般将来时,结构是there will be或there is going to be,故选B。
27. C
【解析】句意:每年都有很多鸟类在自然公园受到保护。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知,主语“A lot of birds”和谓语protect“保护”之间是被动关系,根据“every year”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”,主语是复数,be动词用are。故选C。
28. B
【解析】句意:——才艺秀《青春有你》在网上越来越火了。——确实。我们班上一半的人 最近都对它感兴趣。
考查主谓一致和动词的时态。根据recently可知句子是一般现在时态。“half +of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。“our class”指的是我们班上的人,是复数概念,此处谓语动词用复数形式are。故选B。
29. B
【解析】句意:——你喜欢泰勒的歌吗?——是的,她的音乐听上去优美且富有感情。
本题考查感官动词。sound听起来,动词原形;sounds听起来,第三人称单数形式;listens听(强调动作),第三人称单数形式。根据设空处后面的nice,结合题干推测答语的句意是"是的,她的音乐听上去优美且富有感情。",主语Her music是第三人称单数,所以sounds 符合句意,故选B。
30. B
【解析】句意:在公园里有许多花。
考查there be句型。主语“flowers”是复数,所以be动词用复数形式are,故选B。
31. B
【解析】句意:在盘子里有一些面包。
考查there be句型。apple苹果;bread面包;banana香蕉;sandwich三明治。空前有some,可数名词应用复数形式;题干中be动词用is,bread是不可数名词。故选B。
32. A
【解析】句意:上个星期天,我姑姑和我在家。我们一整天都在看电视。
考查时态。由“Last Sunday”可知,用一般过去时。句中主语为my aunt,为第三人称单数,故选A。
33. B
【解析】句意:这是你的铅笔。
考查倒装句。here is/are+主语,这是一个倒装句,系动词和后面的主语保持一致。主语是单数或者不可数名词用is,主语是第一人称单数用am,主语是复数或者第二人称用are。根据主语是复数,所以系动词用are,故选B。
34. A
【解析】句意:我觉得政治很重要。
考查系动词和主谓一致。is是,主语是第三人称单数;are是,主语是you、第一人称复数和第三人称复数;have有,has是have的第三人称单数形式。句中important是形容词,而且主语politics是第三人称单数,所以此处使用be动词is。故选A。
35. B
【解析】句意:据说五月份在上海将有一场马拉松比赛。
考查一般将来时。根据“in May”可知句子是一般将来时,此处是“there be +名词”的结构。表达“将有”用“there will be ”或“there is going to be”。“have”表达“某人拥有某物”,不能与“there be”句型连用。故选B。
36. D
【解析】句意:杯子里面几乎没有水了,对吗?
考查反义疑问句用法。little有否定含义,故附加部分为肯定,陈述部分为一个含there be句型的句子,则需将其倒装即可,填is there,故选D。
37. B
【解析】句意:——下星期六将有一场篮球赛。我们去看好吗?——听起来不错。我们走吧。
考查There be句型。根据“next Saturday”可知,此处是一般将来时,There be句型的一般将来时的结构是There will be或There is going to be。故选B。
38. D
【解析】句意:Eric没有帽子。
考查主谓一致。am not不是;don’t不,是do not的缩写;doesn’t不,用于主语为第三人称单数时;isn’t不是;句中have意为“有”,是实义动词,故用助动词构成否定句,排除AB。主语Eric是第三人称单数,应用does,故选D。
39. C
【解析】句意:这个周末将有一场英语表演。我们去看好吗?
考查there be句型的一般将来时。根据“There”及“this weekend”可知,此句要用there be句型的一般将来时there is/are going to be或there will be的结构,排除B和D选项。an English show是单数,be要用is,排除A,故选C。
40. B
【解析】句意:——你妹妹这个星期六打算做什么?——一些特别的事情,因为那天是她的生日。
考查时态。根据“this Sunday”可知要用一般将来时,其结构为am/is/are going to do,主语“your sister”是第三人称单数,be动词用is。故选B。
41. C
【解析】句意:“他经常骑车去学校”意思是_________。
考查同义句。A、D选项表述错误,可首先排除。ride a bike指骑自行车,take常用于表示乘坐其他的交通工具,如take a bus、take a train、take a ship。故选C。
42. A
【解析】句意:不仅我而且我的爸爸喜欢这个饮料。
考查not only...but also的用法。“Not only...but also不仅……而且……”连接2个主语遵循“就近原则”,即离谓语动词近的是句子的主语。故本句主语是“my father”,是第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单形式。故选A。
43. C
【解析】句意:记住流行歌曲的歌词是学习英语的一种好方法。此处作主语,故用动名词形式,当动名词短语作主语时,看成一个整体,谓语用第三人称单数,此处谓语用is,故选C。
44. A
【解析】句意:你们城市有图书馆吗?
考查名词以及主谓一致。libraries图书馆;factory工厂;university大学;hospital医院。根据are可知,此空应填入一个复数名词,故选A。
45. C
【解析】句意“-在墙上的照片里有什么?-一个老师和一些学生在操场上踢足球”。本题考查there be的用法。there be不与have连用,排除A和D;there be中的be动词遵循“就近一致”原则,即与最近的a teacher保持一致,用单数is,故选C。
46. B
【解析】句意“桌子上有两瓶牛奶”。
milk牛奶为不可数名词,前不能加数词,排除A;不可数名词的量的表达法为“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”,且不可数名词后不加s,排除D;there be句型中,be动词的单复数与离be最近的主语保持一致,much milk许多牛奶,不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,排除C;two bottles of milk“两瓶牛奶”作主语,谓语用复数,根据空前are可知,故选B。
47. C
【解析】句意:今晚电影院将上映一场电影。
考查there be句型及时态。have ;being现在分词;be动词原形;having现在分词。此句是there be句型,there be句型的一般将来时为there is going to be形式。故选C。
48. C
【解析】句意:现在10点钟。我们不必匆忙。还剩下很多时间。
本题考查介词和主谓一致。to向,in在……里,with和……一起;is是第三人称单数,are是非第三人称单数形式。in a hurry匆忙地;主语time是不可数名词,be动词用is。故选C。
49. A
【解析】句意:——你的同学来自哪里?——她来自上海。
考查特殊疑问词和主谓一致。Where哪里;What什么;根据“She is from Shanghai.”可知,这里是问来自哪里,应该用where提问,而分析句子,句子缺少谓语,句子主语是“your classmate”,是单数名词,所以这里的be动词要用is,故选A。
50. B
【解析】句意:南希,还有她的哥哥,在日常生活中总是依赖父母。
考查主谓一致。as well as也,还,在连接两个主语时,其后面的主语只能作伴随主语,相当于with,所以本句的真正主语为Nancy,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,排除A和C,depend on是固定搭配,意为“依靠,依赖”,排除D,故选B。
51. B
【解析】句意:——不仅我的朋友们而且我都对足球感兴趣。——所以你是如此的健康。
考查not only...but also...的用法。not only...but also...“不仅……而且……”连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词遵从“就近原则”,根据but also后的主语I可知be动词应用am。故选B。
52. A
【解析】句意:——我们学校三分之二以上的学生是男生。——这是一个很棒的数字。
考查分数表达以及主谓一致。分数的表达是:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母用序数词的复数形式,三分之二的表达是:two thirds。分数修饰主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词的单复数,此句中students是复数形式,be动词用are,故选A。
53. C
【解析】句意:——我们班谁有一把新尺子?——许多学生都有。
考查主谓一致。问句“Who”作主语,是第三人称单数,谓语动词用has;答句主语“Many students”是复数,谓语动词用原形have。故选C。
54. A
【解析】句意:汤米经常和他的家人在周末去公园。
考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据“on weekends”可知,句中时态为一般现在时,用于陈述经常发生的事情,所以排除C和D;根据“Tommy often with his family”可知,此处遵循“就远一致”原则,谓语动词习惯上要与比较远的那个主语保持一致,Tommy是第三人称单数,所以动词使用第三人称单数形式,所以排除B。故选A。
55. B
【解析】句意:我们学校的教师人数是158人。其中一半以上是女教师。
A. A number of许多,大量,修饰可数名词复数;B. The number of……的总数;C. A lot of许多,既可以修饰可数名词复数又可以修饰不可数名词。根据is 158可知此处指老师的总数,故选B。
【点睛】the number of表示“……的数量”,跟复数名词连用作主语时,中心词是number,谓语动词要用单数。a number of表示“许多”,相当于 many,修饰可数名词复数.作主语时,谓语动词用复数number前可用large, small等修饰,以表示程度。
56. A
【解析】句意:自从香港回归中国已经超过20年。
考查since用法。since表示“自从”;其对应的句式是“It is/has been+一段时间+since+句子(句子用一般过去时)。根据这个句式可知第一空用“is/has been”,排除BD;第二空时态用一般过去时,动词用“returned”。故选A。
57. C
【解析】句意:苏珊通常每天乘公共汽车上学。
考查时态。has taken乘坐,现在完成时;took乘坐,过去式;takes乘坐,动词三单;will take乘坐,一般将来时;根据句意理解及句中的usually和every day可知,这里表达的是经常发生的动作,所以应该用一般现在时,而句子主语是第三人称,所以动词用三单,故选C。
58. B
【解析】句意:你的一套钥匙在三楼教室里。请向老师要它们。
考查主谓一致和介词辨析。is是,主语是第三人称单数;are是,主语是复数或you;to朝/向;for为了;at在,表时刻。第一空前主语中心词set是单数,be动词用is;根据题干“ask the teacher…them”可知是固定短语ask sb. for sth.,表示“向某人要某物”。结合选项,故选B。
59. B
【解析】句意:——你为什么想去美国,Mary?—— 学生在美国学习的科目与在中国学习的科目不同。
考查主谓一致和代词用法。be different from“和……不同”,第一空用be动词的适当形式,主语“The subjects”是复数,因此第一空用are;再者根据句意可知,是与中国学习的科目不同,因此第二空用代词those代替“the subjects”。故选B。
60. A
【解析】句意:——我要喝一半苹果汁。剩下的给你们,桑迪。——就我们三个人?恐怕其他人会不高兴的。
考查be动词。根据“I’ll drink half of the apple juice.”可知,空一前的the rest指的是剩下的苹果汁,不可数名词作主语,be动词用is;根据“Only for us three I’m afraid the rest...”可知,空二前的the rest指的是剩下的人,表示复数,所以be动词用are。故选A。
61. A
【解析】句意:——在中心大街有一个公用电话吗?——是的,有。
考查一般疑问句。根据“Yes, there is.”可知,此处是一般疑问句,there is的一般疑问句形式为Is there,故选A。
62. B
【解析】句意:迈克是个好孩子。他上学不迟到。
be late for……迟到,主语是he,be动词用is,变否定句直接在is后加not,故答案为B。
63. A
【解析】句意:国家动画展每年在上海举行,面向各个年龄段的粉丝。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“every year”可知,用一般现在时,而且“The National Cartoon Exhibition”与“hold”之间是被动关系,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为:be done,主语为第三人称单数,be动词使用is。故选A。
64. D
【解析】句意:看!很多老师都在那儿唱歌跳舞呢。根据now可知,是现在进行时,结构是, 主语+be + Ving, 且主语是teachers,是复数形式,故be动词用are, 故选D。
65. D
【解析】句意:我觉得Amy既不适合当会计,也不适合当医生。她太粗心了。
考查并列连词辨析。both … and …两者都;either … or …要么……要么……;not only … but also …不但……而且……;neither … nor …既不……也不……。根据“She is too careless”可知她太粗心了,会计和医生她都不适合。故选D。
66. B
【解析】句意:那个地区三分之二的沙漠被树木和草所覆盖。
考查主谓一致和被动语态。英语中由分数构成的主语,谓语动词形式与of后面的名词保持一致,desert“沙漠”是不可数名词,所以动词应用单数,排除A/C选项,而主语与动词cover之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,现在完成时的被动结构是have/has been+done,故选B。
67. C
【解析】句意:——这条路建成已经十年了。——它给这个小村庄带来了更多的机会。
考查现在完成时。根据“since the road was built.”可知,是现在完成时,主语“Ten years”是整体概念,因此是第三人称单数,助动词用has;故选C。
68. C
【解析】句意:她喜欢橘子,但是她不喜欢苹果。这里是一般现在时态,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词like变第三人称单数,根据语境可知第二空是否定回答,主语是第三人称单数。助动词要用does+not+动词的原形。根据题意,故选C。
69. B
【解析】句意:二楼有一间美术室,一间阅览室和两间电脑室。
考查there be句型和主谓一致。there be表示“某地有某物”,have表示“有”,二者不可连用,排除A;There be 句型遵循“就近原则”,所以be动词由“an art room”决定,应用is。故选B。
70. B
【解析】句意:——下周六将有一场足球赛。我们去看好吗?——当然,让我们一起去。
考查时态。There be句型的一般将来式是:There will be或There is going to be,不能与have混用,故选B。
71. D
【解析】句意:西蒙的鞋是白色的,所以这双鞋是他的。
考查主谓一致。第一句的主语“Simon’s shoes”是复数,可知使用are,第二句的主语“this pair of ...”是第三人称单数,可知使用is;故选D。
72. A
【解析】句意:很多游客正在参观西湖,游客的数量在增加。is是,用于主语为单数的时候;are用于主语为复数时。第一句话中主语为A number of visitors“许多游客”,谓语动词用复数;第二句话主语为the number of…“…的数量”,谓语动词用单数。故选A。
73. D
【解析】句意:今天下午将有一个班会。请做好准备。
考查there be句型和一般将来时。根据“There…a class meeting this afternoon.”可知,时态是一般将来时,本句用there be的将来时句型,there is going to be或者there will be;注意there be结构不能和have连用;故选D。
74. C
【解析】句意:下周将有一个重要的会议。
考查句子成分。There be结构中,句子主语是be动词后面的名词,所以本句中,主语是an important meeting,故选C。
75. C
【解析】句意“看!一些沙拉在这里,一些汉堡包在碟子里”。第一空处主语为some salad,salad为不可数名词,不可数名词作主语,系动词用单数,排除B和D。第二空处主语为some hamburgers,复数形式,用复数are,故选C。
76. C
【解析】句意:——桌子上有多少东西?——有一杯水和三个苹果。
考查特殊疑问词和主谓一致。How many多少,后接复数名词;How much多少,后接不可数名词;根据问句空格后的名词“things”可知,这是复数名词,所以提问“多少”要用how many,排除B/D选项;而第二空是there be句型,be动词的形式取决于其后离得最近的名词,所以要与“water”一致,是不可数名词,所以be动词用is,故选C。
77. B
【解析】句意:——你对昨天在你们社区的活动有什么看法?——好极了。在自我保护方面提供了许多有用的建议。
考查语态和主谓一致。offer“提供”,是动词,主语advice是可数名词,谓语用第三人称单数形式,主语与谓语之间是被动关系,表示建议被提供,因此用被动语态,故选B。
78. A
【解析】句意:——你觉得这里的社区怎么样?——极好的!五分之二的土地被树和草覆盖着。
考查分数的表达法。分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子大于一,分母用复数。land是不可数名词,谓语用单数。故选A。
79. B
【解析】句意:妈妈和我之前都没有去过成都,所以我们都很激动这个假期能去那里看熊猫。
考查动词短语以及主谓一致。have been to去过(已回);have been in待在某地(一段时间)。根据主语Neither Mom nor I可知,此处用就近原则,谓语动词形式看I,用have,结合“我们都很激动”可推测没去过。故选B。
80. C
【解析】句意:四十分钟对孩子们完成所有的工作来说是相当长的时间。
考查主谓一致以及quite的用法。主语是时间“Forty minutes”,谓语动词用第三人称单数,排除BD;quite修饰名词短语,结构为“quite a/an adj.+n”,表示“一个相当……的……”。故选C。
81. B
【解析】句意:Jim和Tom以前都没有去过澳大利亚,但是他们对那个国家非常了解。
考查现在完成时和主谓一致。has gone to去了某地,主语为第三人称单数;has been to去过某地,主语是第三人称单数;have gone to去了某地,主语为第一人称或者是复数;have been to去过某地,主语为第一人称或者是复数。根据句意可知,这里表示“去过某地”,先排除A和C。主语是有Neither…nor连接的,谓语动词的单复数形式应根据就近原则,与Tom一致,用单数,故选B。
82. C
【解析】句意:他穿上他最好的衣服,准备晚上出去玩。
考查时态和动词短语。be dressed in“穿着”;表示现在的状态,用一般现在时,主语“He”后用be动词is。故选C。
83. A
【解析】句意:——王先生在哪里?——他和他的学生们一起去了珠屿湾公园。
has/have gone to 去了……,表示已经去了……,不在说话的地点;have/has been to去过某地,表示有过去某地的经历。根据提问,可知王先生不在说话地点,together with his students介词短语,不作主语,所以主语是he,故选A。
84. B
【解析】句意:我的表弟喜欢跳舞,但是我不喜欢。
考查动词时态和助动词辨析。短语enjoy doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”;主语cousin是第三人称单数,谓语动词enjoy用单数第三人称形式,前空可排除AD两项。后半句主语I是第一人称,助动词需用do;but表转折,可知本句是否定句,需在do后加not。故选B。
85. B
【解析】句意:现在我们学校的每个老师都有一台电脑。
考查动词时态。分析句子可知,“The teachers”是主语,“each”是其同位语。主语是复数,所以动词要用复数形式,可排除CD选项;“have”表示“有”的时候不用进行时态,排除A选项。故选B。
86. B
【解析】句意:在我们城市志愿者的数量为2000.他们中的百分之六十是教师和学生。根据句意,结合语法知识the number of,……的数目,做主语时谓语动词使用单数形式,而percent做主语时,谓语动词的单复数需要依据of后面的单词。故答案为B.
87. C
【解析】句意:——我们班五分之三的学生是女生。——一共是30个。
考查分数表达法和主谓一致。英语中用“分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示”,可知AB错误;the number of ……的数量,单数意义,动词需用三单形式,可排除are。结合选项,故选C。
88. D
【解析】句意:——下周日将有一个新电影。——真的?我将去看它。
考查there be句型的一般将来时。there be...“有……”,根据“next Sunday”可知应用一般将来时,there be句型一般将来时结构为“there be going to be...”,主语是a new movie,单数,故选D。
89. C
【解析】句意:据报道,派往武汉的医生中有五分之二是90后。他们为打赢疫情防控阻击战做出了自己的努力。
考查数词的用法及主谓一致。在英语中分数的表达法,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子超过一,分母变复数,two fifths“五分之二”。主语是“五分之二的医生们”,是复数,be动词用are。故选C。
90. B
【解析】句意:自从他们来到中国以来,不仅吉姆,而且他的妹妹也访问了南方的几个城市。
考查时态和主谓一致。have visited现在完成时,主语为一、二人称或第三人称复数;has visited现在完成时,主语为第三人称单数;visited一般过去时;visits一般现在时的三单形式,根据从句部分since they came to China.,可知主句为现在完成时,所以排除C和D,当not only…but also…连接两个主语时,谓语动词采取就近一致原则,即谓语动词要和与其最近的主语his sister保持人称和数的一致,所以谓语为has visited,故选B。
91. B
【解析】句意: 暑假就要到了,所以双胞胎以及杰克将去香港度假。as well as:表示“不但……而且”“既是……也是”“而且”“还”。当 as well as 连接两个成分作主语时, 其后的谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。结合句意和语境可知选B。
92. D
【解析】句意:下周日我们学校将举行一场儿童足球比赛。
考查There be句型的一般将来时。结合句意和“There”可知,这句话为There be句型,表示“某地有……”,根据“next Sunday”可知,句子时态为一般将来时。There be句型的一般将来时表达形式为There is going to be或There will be。故选D。
93. B
【解析】句意:不仅彼得而且他的父亲也对这场篮球比赛很着迷。
考查主谓一致。not only…but also连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,离谓语最近的主语his father是第三人称,be动词用单数形式is,故选B。
94. C
【解析】句意:——你认为下星期有一个艺术展吗?——是的,我想是的。
考查there be结构。there be表存在,have表拥有,二者不可混用,可排除BD两项;there have没有此类搭配,可排除。分析句子结构,本句是宾语从句;由next week可知从句是一般将来时;there be结构的一般将来时态是there will be或there is going to be;故选C。
95. B
【解析】句意:——很遗憾,我的老师和父母都不允许我独自游泳。——毕竟你还太小,安全第一。
考查不定代词辨析。A. 要么……要么,表示二者择其一;B. 既不……也不,表示两者都不;C. …和…(两者)都;D. 不仅……而且。根据回答After all you are too young, safety first.可知老师和父母都不允许我独自游泳,故选B。
96. A
【解析】句意:请注意。今晚中国和韩国将有一场足球赛。
考查there be结构的一般将来时。this evening为一般将来时的时间状语,排除B/C;There be句型的将来时的结构为There is going to be/will be…。故选A。
97. C
【解析】句意:站在我们隔壁的英俊的男人非常奇怪。
考查定语从句。本句是一个定语从句,先行词“The handsome man”指人,并且在句中作主语,在定于从句中可用关系代词who/that引导,又因为先行词“The handsome man”为第三人称单数,定语从句的谓语动词应该用单数stands。故选C。
98. B
【解析】句意:每个要参观博物馆的学生以及一些老师被要求在早上7:30前到学校门口。
考查主谓一致。who引导的定语从句先行词“some teachers”是复数,从句中be动词用are;再由“as well as”可知主句采取就远一致原则,与“Every student”保持一致,be动词用is。故选B。
99. A
【解析】句意:——与他人一起吃饭时,使用公用筷子是必要的。——确实如此。
考查主谓一致以及动词时态。此处阐述的是使用公筷的必要性,句子用一般现在时,动名词作主语,be动词用is,故选A。
100. D
【解析】句意:在不久的将来,我们城市将有自动驾驶汽车。选项A、C为一般现在时;B为一般过去时;D为一般将来时。根据In the near future可知,本题考查there be结构的一般将来时。该结构有两种表达:there is going to be或there will be。分析选项可知,D正确。
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