2023年中考英语复习语法知识专项突破(通用版)
07动词(短语)
【知识突破】
1. 动词的分类
类 别 意 义 例 句
实义动词 含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。 She has some bananas. 她吃些香蕉。 They eat a lot of potatoes. 他们常吃土豆。 I’m reading an English book now. 我现在正看一本英文书。
连系动词 本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语。 His father is a teacher.他父亲是教师。 Twins usually look the same. 双胞胎通常看起来一样。 The teacher became very angry. 老师变得很生气。
助动词 本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。 He doesn’t speak English. 他不说英语。 We are playing basketball. 我们在打篮球。 Do you have a brother 你有兄弟吗?
情态动词 本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。 You can keep the books for two weeks. 这些书你可以借两个星期。 May I smoke here 我可以在这儿抽烟吗? We must go now. 我们现在得走了。
★重要注解
(1) 关于实义动词:
① 英语的实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词两大类:
后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的叫及物动词;本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语的叫不及物动词。
② 有些动词通常只作不及物动词。如:go, come, happen, lie, listen, rise, arrive, hall等。
有些动词通常用作及物动词。如:say, raise, lay, find, buy等。
③ 大多数动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如:study, sing等。
④ 有些动词作及物动词与作不及物动词时的意义有所不同。如:know, wash等。
⑤ 有些动词常和介词、副词或其它词类一起构成固定词组,形成短语动词。如:listen, reply, wait, look.
(2) 关于连系动词:
连系动词用来连接主语和表语,连系动词后面常为形容词。
常见的连系动词有:be、become、look、feel、sound、smell、taste、seem、turn、grow、get、 go、fall、sit、stand、lie 等。
有些连系动词来源于实义动词,意思也跟着变化:look(看→看起来)、feel(感觉、摸→感到)、 smell(闻、嗅→闻起来)、taste(尝→尝起来)、turn(翻转、转动→变得)、grow(生长→变得)、get(得到、到达→变得)、go(去→变得),所不同的是,作为实义动词时,后面不能跟形容词。
[注释]
become、get、go、be、grow、turn的用法区别:become表示“变成”,比较正式,通常不用将来时表示动作已经完成。get也表示动作已经完成,但是更加口语化,通常表示温度、时间、岁数等变化。go表示“变得”,常见于某些短语中,后面常有形容词bad、blind、hungry等。be表示“是、成为、当”,多用于将来时、祈使句或不定式中。grow表示“变得”,常指逐渐的变化,表示身高、岁数的增长。turn表示“变得”,指变为与原先不同的情况,通常指颜色等变化。如:I was caught in the rain and I became ill.(我淋雨感冒了)/ He has got rich.(他变富了)/ He will be a scientist in the future.(将来他将成为科学家)/ My little brother has grown much taller in the past year.(在过去的一年里我的弟弟长得高多了)/ The sandwich has gone bad.(那块三明治已经变坏)/ Her face turned red after her mother criticized(批评) her.(妈妈批评了他以后他的脸变红了)
(3) 关于助动词:
①常见的助动词有:用于进行时和被动语态的be (am, is, are ,was, were, been, being ) ;用于完成时的have(has, had, having) ;用于将来时的shall (should) ; will (would)和用于一般时的do(does, did) .
②助动词必须同主语的人称和数一致,也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采用不同的形式,其中有些助动词也可作情态动词。如:shall, will, should, would.
(4) 关于情态动词:
①常见的情态动词有:can (could), may (might), must, shall (should), will (would), dare (dared), need等,另外,have to、had better也当作情态动词使用。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。
2. 动词词形变化一览表:
(1)规则动词变化表:
规 则变 化 原形动词结尾情况 现在时单三人称 现 在 分 词 过去式和过去分词
一般情况 +s +ing +ed
s, x, ch, sh, o结尾 +es +ing +ed
辅音字母+y结尾 y→i,+es +ing y→i,+ed
重读闭音节一元一辅结尾 +s 双写辅音字母,+ing 双写辅音字母,+ed
不发音的e结尾 +s 去掉e,+ing +d
ie结尾 +s ie→y,+ing +d
不规则变化 have→has;be→is (无) (见不规则动词变化表)
注意:①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。
②s/es的读音规则:在清辅音后读[s];在浊辅音后和元音后读[z];在[ s ]、[ ]、[z]、[t ]、[d ]后读[iz]。
③ed的读音规则:在清辅音后读[t];在浊辅音后和元音后读[d];在[t]、[d]后读[id]。
(2)不规则动词变化表:( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词)
be(am, is) was been lose lost lost
be(are) were been make made made
beat beat beaten may might
become became become mean meant meant
begin began begun meet met met
blow blew blown mistake mistook mistaken
break broke broken must must
bring brought brought pay paid paid
build built built put put put
buy bought bought read read Read
can could ride rode ridden
catch caught caught ring rang rung
choose chose chosen rise rose risen
come came come run ran run
cost cost cost say said said
cut cut cut see saw seen
dig dug dug sell sold sold
do did done send sent sent
draw drew drawn set set set
drink drank drunk shall should
drive drove driven shine shone shone
eat ate eaten show showed shown
fall fell fallen shut shut shut
feel felt felt sing sang sung
find found found sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken
fly flew flown sit set set
forget forgot forgot/forgotten sleep slept slept
freeze froze frozen smell smelt smelt
get got got speak spoke spoken
give gave given spend spent spent
go went gone spill spilt spilt
grow grew grown spoil spoilt spoilt
hang hung/hanged hung/hanged stand stood stood
have(has) had had sweep swept swept
hear heard heard swim swam swum
hide hid hidden take took taken
hit hit hit teach taught taught
hold held held tell told told
hurt hurt hurt think thought thought
keep kept kept throw threw thrown
know knew known understand understood understood
lay laid laid wake woke/waked woken/waked
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned wear wore worn
leave left left will would
lend lent lent win won won
let let let write wrote written
lie lay lain
3. 动词用法辨析
(1)“Why not+动词原形+… ”(干嘛不…… )是简略句,完全形式是:Why don’t you +动词原形+… 如:Why not go and have a look (干嘛不去看看?)/ Why not try it once again (为什么不再试试?)
(2) seem(好像)的用法:记住几个结构:①sb./sth. + seem + (to be+)形容词+…;②sb./sth. + seem + like +…;③sb./sth. + seem + to (do);④It seems that + 从句。如:He seemed (to be) very happy when he was called by the headmaster. (被校长叫到名字时他好像很开心) / It seems that nobody else could do such a foolish thing except Jim. (除了吉姆好像没有什么人会做出如此愚蠢的事情来)
(3) be afraid(害怕)的用法:记住几个结构:①be afraid of sth; be afraid of (doing); ②be afraid to (do); ③be afraid that+从句。如:She is a little afraid of snakes.(她有点怕蛇)/ Don’t be so afraid to stay at home alone at night.(别害怕晚上一个人在家)/ I’m afraid that somebody will take his place because of his serious mistakes.(恐怕有人要取代他了,因为他犯了那么大的错误)
(4) be sorry(抱歉)的用法:记住几个结构:①be sorry for (sth.); ②be sorry for (doing sth.); ③be sorry to (do); ④be sorry that+从句。如:I am very sorry for keeping you waiting so long.(不好意思让你久等了)I am sorry to trouble you.(对不起,麻烦你了)/ I am sorry (that) he isn’t here at the moment.(恐怕他现在不在)
(5) be sure (确信)的用法:记住几个结构: ①be sure of (sth.); ②be sure to (do); ③be sure that+从句。如:She told me many times that she was sure to come.(她给我讲过多次她一定会来的) / Are you sure of your answer Maybe it’s wrong.(你对你的答案有把握吗?也许是错的。)/ I am sure that Dad will help me with the job.(我确信爸爸会帮着我做这件事情的)
(6) make 与do的用法:一般情况下表示进行活动或者做工作用do,表示创造建构某事物用make. 如:I don’t know what to do.(我不知道该干什么)/ I’m not going to do any work.(我不准备做什么)/ My father and I once made a boat.(我和我爸曾经做过一只船)
此外还要记住一些固定说法:do good / harm / business / one’s best / a favor …
make a decision / an effort / a mistake / a noise / a phone call / money / war / the bed / sure, ...
(7)put on、wear、have … on、be in、try on、dress的用法:put on强调“穿、戴”这个动作过程,wear则表示“穿着、戴着”这一状态,have+衣物+on主要表示状态,be in(+颜色/衣物)也是表示一个状况,dress(+人)表示“给…人穿衣”。如:Please put on your new shoes.(请穿上你的新鞋)/ The twins are wearing the same clothes.(双胞胎穿着相同的衣服)/ Today she has an overcoat on.(今天她穿着一件大衣) / Do you know the woman who is in black (你认识那个身穿黑衣的女人吗?)/ Dad is dressing Tom now.(爸爸正在给汤姆穿衣)
[注意]dress与wear或put on的区别:wear或put on常用衣物作宾语,而dress常用人作宾语。表示给自己穿衣时常用“get dressed”或“dress oneself”表达。be dressed in与wear基本同义。dress up意为“穿上盛装、乔装打扮”。如:Could you dress the baby for me (你能替我给宝宝穿衣吗?)/ He is eight but can’t dress himself.(他八岁了,还不会穿衣服)/ She was dressed in a red coat.(她穿着一件红上衣)/ Do I have to dress up to go to Jim’s party (我得穿上好衣服去参加吉姆的聚会吗?)
(8)like、love与enjoy的用法:三个词都含有“喜欢”的意思,但是,like和enjoy后面跟动名词,love 后面一般跟动词不定式。like后面有时跟动词不定式,表示一种习惯或嗜好(往往与具体的时间或地点有关)。enjoy后面还可以加名词、反身代词,表示“享受…乐趣;玩得开心”。如:Do you like shopping (你喜欢购物吗?)/ He likes to have a swim when he gets home every afternoon.(每天下午放学后他总爱游个泳)/ They love to sing foreign songs.(他们喜爱唱外国歌曲)/ Did you enjoy yourself at the party (在聚会上你玩得开心吗?)/ He enjoys living in China.(他喜欢在中国生活)
(9)study、learn的用法: study主要表示“学习、研究”,指过程;而learn主要表示“学会”,指结果。表示“学”时可以互换。如:How many subjects do you study (你学多少门课程?) / Have you learned it yet (这个你学过了吗?)/ How long have you studied/learned English (你学英语多久了?)
learn还可以表示“听说”,如:He learned the musician himself was in town.(他听说音乐家本人就在城里)
(10)think、want、would like的用法:三个词都含有“想”的意思,但think指“思考、考虑”,want指“想要、愿望、企图”,would like指“想要”,think后面一般跟介词短语或从句,want和would like后面跟名词或动词不定式。如:Do you think that China will become a developed country in 40 years (你认为中国会在40年后成为发达国家吗?)/ I am thinking of the money I once lent to Li Min.((我正在想着以前借给黎敏的钱)/ What do you really want to say (你到底想干什么?)/ Which of these cakes would you like (to have) (这些饼子中你想吃哪些?)
(11)look for、search … for、find、find out的用法:前面两个词语表示动作过程,后面两个表示结果,look for指“寻找”不见的或丢失的东西,但还没有找到;search … for …指“为找…而搜寻…”;find指“找到”了东西;find out主要指“查明一个事实真相”。如:Hey, Monkey, what are you looking for in the cupboard (嘿,猴儿!你在厨子里面找什么呢?)/ Have you found the lost key to your car (你找着丢失的车钥匙了吗?)/ The soldiers were searching the room for the spy when they heard a loud noise.(士兵们正在房间里面搜寻间谍突然间他们听到了衣声巨响)/ Let’s try to find out who broke the window.(让我们查查谁把窗子打破了)
[注解] find的几个结构:find sb. sth。“为某人找到…”,find sth./sb. + adj./n.“发觉某人是…, find it +adj. + to do …(或+宾语从句)“发现(做……)如何”。如: His mother found her daughter a very clever girl.(他的母亲发现她的女儿是个聪明的女孩)(名词作补语补足语) / You can easily find it not good for your health to eat cold food.(你很容易就会发现吃冷食对你的身体是不利的)
(12)listen to、hear的用法:两个词与听觉有关,listen to指“听”这一过程,hear指“听到”这一结果。如:Are you listening to me, Jim Yes, I have heard your words.(吉姆,你在听我说吗?是的,你的话我全听见了)
(13)look、see、watch、read的用法:四个词均与眼睛有关,look指放眼去“看”(不管是否看得到),指“看”的过程;see指“看见”这一结果,有时see还引申为“明白”,表示“看”时后面加“电影”等词;watch指专注的看,含有“注视、监视”之义,后面常跟“电视、比赛”等词;read限制为看书面材料,译为“看、阅读”,后面跟“书、报纸、杂志”等词。如:What are you looking at (你在看什么?)/ Please look at the blackboard. (请看黑板)/ Let me go to see the film, mum, will you (妈妈,让我去看电影吧,好吗?)/ He won’t feel well until he finishes watching the football match. (要看完了足球赛他才会感觉好些)/ Reading gives us knowledge.(阅读给我们知识)
(14)hear、hear of、hear from、learn的用法: hear“听说”,后面可以跟名词、代词、从句表示听见的内容,hear of“听说”,后面跟人,指对某人有耳闻但没有见过面;hear from“收到……的来信”,后面加人;learn“听说、得知”,后面跟从句,含义与hear相似。如:I hear Mr Green is coming to see us tonight. (我听说格林先生今晚要来看望我们)/ Have you ever heard of the man who once went to the Himalaya Mountains (你是否听说过那个去过喜马拉雅山的人?)/ How often do you hear from your father (隔多久你收到你父亲的信?)/ He learned the musician himself was in town.(他听说音乐家本人就在城里)
(15)speak、talk、say、tell的用法:四个词与“说”有关。speak“讲话、发言、演说”,是不及物动词,涉及人时要加介词to, speak作及物动词时后面跟语言名称;talk“谈话、闲谈”,是不及物动词,涉及人时用介词with、to等,涉及事情时后面跟介词about等;say 是及物动词,后面跟名词、代词、从句等,表示说的内容;tell是及物动词,后面首先要跟人,然后再跟从句或者介词短语等。如:Do you speak English (你讲英语吗?)/ Who spoke at the meeting (谁在会上发了言?)/ Our teacher is talking to Lin Tao’s parent. (我们的老师正在跟林涛的家长讲话)/ Can you say it in English (你能用英语说出它吗?)/ Please tell me something about the strange flying object. (请跟我讲讲那个奇怪的飞行物的事情吧)
(16)be able to(do)、can的用法:can是情态动词,有许多含义,表示“可能、可以、会”等意思,只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式;be able to表示能力上“会”,有多种时态形式,to后面跟动词原形,有时可以与can/could互换。如:Can you speak English (你会说英语吗?)/ He couldn’t(wasn’t able to) swim when he was 12. (他十二岁时不会游泳)
(17)there be、have的用法:两个词都可以译为“有”,但是,have表示的是“拥有”,主语必须是人或者物;there be表示“存在”的概念,主语在there be之后。如:How many brothers and sisters do you have I have only one brother. (你有多少兄弟?我只有一个兄弟。)/ How many chairs and desks are there in their classroom There is none. (他们教室里有多少张桌椅?一张也没有。)
[注解]there be sb./sth doing与there be sb./sth to do 有所不同:用doing表示一个正在发生的事情,而用to do 则表示一个滞后或迟于there be的动作。如: Look! There is a dog lying on the stairway. / Take your time. There is nothing for you to do tonight.
(18)borrow、lend、keep的用法:表示“借”的三个词,borrow“借进”、lend“出借”都是一次性动作,不可以和表示一段的时间状语连用;keep“保存”用来表示借一段时间。如: I have lost the book I borrowed from my teacher. What can I do (我丢掉了从老师那里借来的书)/ How long have you kept my dictionary, eh For more than two months! (呃,我的字典你借了多久了?两个多月了!)
(19)bring、take、carry、send、lift的用法:bring指从远处“拿来”;take指从面前“拿走”;carry指一般的搬运,不涉及方向;send主要指“送、派遣、寄”;lift指把东西由低向高“提起、拎起”。例略。
(20)hope、wish的用法:两个词都表示“希望”,但是,hope表达有把握或信心实现的事情,后面直接跟动词不定式或者宾语从句,不可以跟动名词或作宾语补足语的不定式;wish表达实现的可能性不大的事情,后面跟名词、宾语从句(用过去时)或者作宾语补足语的不定式。如:We all hope to see him very soon. (我们全都希望尽快见到他)/ I hope it will be fine tomorrow so that we can go out. (我希望明天天好,这样我们就能出去了。)/ How I wish it was not raining at the moment!(我多么希望此刻不在下雨!)(事实上天正在下雨)
(21)take、spend、pay、cost的用法:
spend的宾语通常是金钱或时间,句型:sb.+(spend)+时间/金钱+on sth. / (in) doing sth. ;
take的主语通常是事情,句型:sth./It + (take)+sb.+时间+to do … 。(如果是动作则常用it作形式主语将动词不定式后移);
cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱、力气,句型:sth.+(cost)+sb.+时间/金钱/力气. ;
pay的宾语通常是金钱,句型:sb.+(pay)+金钱+for+事物.
如:She spent the whole night reading the novel. (她花了一个晚上看那本小说)/ This job will take me two days.=It will take me two days to do the job. (做这件事情要花我两天的时间)/ How much does a house like this cost (像这样的房子要花多少钱?)/ I paid him twenty dollars for the book.. (我花了20元从他那儿买了书)
(22)begin、start的用法:begin在大多数情况下可以替代start,(反义词是end),后面接不定式或动名词时区别不大,但是start还可以表示“开始、出发、启动”,反义词是stop;某事停止后再重新开始一般用start.如:When did you begin/start to learn English (你什么时候开始学英语的?)/ They started getting in the crops after the rain stopped. (雨停后他们开始收割庄稼) / This time he could not start his car. (这次他没法启动他的汽车)
(23)arrive in/at、reach、get to的用法:arrive是不及物动词,到达具体地点时后面加介词at,到达一个大的地方(国家、城市)时后面加介词in, arrive后面可以直接跟地点副词here/there/home等;get表示“到达”时是不及物动词,涉及地点(无论大小)时后面加to, get后面可以直接跟地点副词here等;reach是及物动词,后面直接跟地点名词。如:He arrived in San Francisco last Sunday. (上个星期天他抵达旧金山)/ How did you get there in the night (你是怎样在夜间到达那里的?)/ We hurried all the way and reached the station just five minutes before the train left. (我们一路狂奔在火车启动前5分钟到达车站)
(24)be made of、be made from、be made into、be made in、be made by、be made for的区别:be made of指从制成品中可以看得出原材料,而be made from则指从制成品中看不出原材料,口语中都可以换成be made out of。 be made into表示“被制成……”,be made in表达被制造的地点,be made by表达制造的人,be made for表达被制造的目的。如:This kind of paper is made from bamboo. (这种纸是由竹子生产的)/ The desk is made of wood and metal. (桌子是铁和木头打的)/ A lot of paper has been made into paper birds. (许多纸被折叠成了小鸟)/ Computers are made in these cities. (计算机是在这几个城市制造的)/ This kite was made by Uncle Wang. (这个风筝是王叔叔做的)/ A big bag was made for me to hold my waste things.(一只大包做好了让我装废物)
(25)be used for、be used to、used to、get used to的区别:be used for + 名词/代词或动名词, be used to + 动词原形,表示两个短语意思相近,表示“用于…”。 used to + 动词原形,表示“过去常常”,否定式可以是“didn’t use to”也可以是“usedn’t to”;get/be used to + 动名词,表示“习惯于….”。如:A knife can be used for cutting things.(刀可以用来割东西)/ A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用来割东西)/ He used to borrow novels from the library when he was at school. (他上学时常常在图书馆借书)/ He is used to getting up early in the morning. (他习惯早起)
(26)beat, win与lose:beat (打败),后面跟“人”,而win(赢得),后面跟“比赛、竞赛”等。如:Who won at last (最后谁赢了?)/ Class Three beat us 5-0. (三班以5∶0打败了我们)/ I am sure to win the match. (我一定能赢得比赛)
而lose则表示“输了”,常用句型:lose sth. to sb. 如:Unluckily we lost the match to Class Three. (不幸的是我们比赛输给了三班)
(27)grow、plant、keep的区别:plant着重讲“栽、种植”这个动作,grow则指种植以后的“栽培”、“管理”,而keep则主要指“喂养”、“赡养”一个人或者动物。如 :He grew vegetables in his garden. (他在园子里种菜)/ I planted ten trees last year, but four of them died. (去年我栽了10棵树,但是死了4棵)/ Old women enjoy keeping cats or dogs to kill the time. (老年的妇女喜欢养猫养狗打发时间)
(28)fall 、drop的区别:fall指东西由高处向下坠落,不及物动词;也可以作连系动词,意思是“变得,进入某种状态”。drop表示物体由高处往低处落下,不及物动词;或让物体落向低处,及物动词。如:The man fell off the tractor and hurt himself. (那个人从拖拉机上摔下来跌伤了)/ Soon after they touched the pillows they fell (系动词) fast asleep. (他们头挨枕头不久就睡着了)/ He felt as if he had to drop maths.(他觉得似乎要放弃数学)/ He dropped a letter into the mail-box.(他向邮箱里丢了一封信)
(29)join、join in、take part in的区别:join多指参加组织、团体、党派等,后面跟人时表示和某人一起参加某项活动;join in指参加某项游戏或活动;take part in多指参加群众性的活动、运动、会议等。如:He joined the army in 2001.(他2001年参军)/ They joined me in congratulating you.(他们和我一起向你祝贺)/ Do join us in the game.(千万参加我们的比赛) / He took an active part in the students’ movement in the 1940s.(在二十世纪40年代他积极参加学生运动)
(30)beat、hit、strike的用法区别:beat指“连续不断地打击;(心脏的)跳动”;hit指“一次性地撞击、命中”;strike与hit基本同义,还可以理解为“划(火柴)、给……深刻的印象”。如:The man looks dead, but his heart is still beating weakly. (那个人看上去死了可心脏还在微弱地跳动) / He hit the ball so hard that it flew over their heads and fell into the lake. (他踢球的劲太大球飞过他们的头顶落入水中) / He went into the room and struck a match(火柴). (他走进房间划着了一根火柴)
(31)carry on、carry out的区别:carry on表示“进行、继续”;carry out表示“进行、贯彻、实现”。如:I will carry on the work. (我会继续工作)/ I have some difficulties in carrying out his orders. (对于执行他的命令我有问题)
(32)be amazed与be surprised的区别:be amazed“感到惊讶”,指人对某个不可能发生却实际发生了的事情感到极其的讶异;be surprised“感到吃惊”指人对突发的事件感到惊讶。如:When he dived deep into the sea, he was amazed at the colours of all the beautiful coral reefs. (他深潜到海中时被所有美丽的珊瑚礁惊呆了) / He was very surprised when he heard a loud noise from inside the room. (听到房间里传出一个很大的声音他非常地吃惊)
(33)warn的用法:“warn sb. of/about sth.”意思是“针对…而警告某人”;“warn sb. (not) to do sth.”意思是“告诫某人(不)要做某事”;“warn sb. + that从句”意思是“警告某人说……”。如:They warned the passengers of thieves. (他警告路人小心窃贼) / I warn you that you will fail in the coming exams if you are still so lazy. (我警告你:如果你还这么懒在即将来到的考试中你会不及格的。) / He was warned not to go out in the late night. (他受到警告不要在深夜出去)
(34)think of与think about等短语的区别:think of表示“考虑、思念、认为、想起、建议”等;“think about”表示“看待、认为”;“think much /highly /a lot of”表示“高度评价…”;“think over”表示“仔细考虑”;“think out”表示“想出”。如:The headmaster thought highly of this boy. (校长高度地评价了这个男孩) / We’re thinking of going to France for our holiday. (我们在考虑去法国度假的事情) / Think it over and you will have a way. (仔细考虑就有办法) / I cannot think of his name. I forgot it. (我想不起他的名字我忘了) / -What do you think about his composition -Very good! (他的作文你觉得怎么样?很好。)
(35)agree with/ agree to / agree on等词语用法:“agree to+动词”表示“同意做某事”,“agree with + sb./观点”表示“赞同…的观点”/ agree about表示“对…话题有相同看法”/“agree to +建议”表示“同意”某人的建议,“agree on + 决定”表示“赞成某人的决定”。例略。
(36)deserve(应该,应得)的用法:deserve后面可以加不定式,也可以加名词。如:They had tried their best and they deserved to win. (他们尽力了该赢。) / The little boy always made troubles around and deserved beating. (小男孩总是处处惹麻烦活该被打) / The girl did a good deed and deserved praise. (女孩做了好事应该受到表扬)
【能力突破】
1. — ________ you go to the beach with
—I went there with my sister by bike.
A. How did B. Who did C. Who were D. How were
2. He ________ buy so much food because there will be only a few people at the party.
A. needs B. needs to C. doesn’t need D. doesn’t need to
3. Grace __________ good at (擅长) English in our school.
A. is always B. always is C. are always D. always are
4. When you go to a dinner party, you should ____.
A. speak quiet B. speak quietly
C. spoke quiet D. spoke quietly
5. There ________ a pencil and some books on the desk.
A. be B. is C. are D. am
6. —________ there any food or drinks in the fridge
—I’m not sure. Let me have a look.
A. Is B. Are C. Has D. Have
7. The soup would ________ better with more salt.
A. eat B. sound C. taste D. feel
8. — Do you like the film Frozen II (冰雪奇缘2)
— Yes, and the music in it ________ great.
A. looks B. sounds C. feels D. tastes
9. Here ________ Jim’s parents.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
10. I ______ make a home page three years ago, but now I am good at it.
A. can B. can’t
C. could D. couldn’t
11. Tom and I ________ in the same class.
A. is B. am C. are D. isn’t
12. —Could you please have a walk with me
—Sorry, I _______. I have something important to do now.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t
C. can’t D. may not
13. –Do you have any plans for this Sunday
--I’m not sure. I ______ go to the countryside to see my grandmother.
A. can B. must C. may D. need
14. In Shiyan, you _________ wear a mask (口罩) when you get on the bus.
A. must B. can’t C. has to D. shouldn’t
15. —Where ________ your friend live — She ________ in London.
A. do, live B. does, lives C. is, live
16. Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting in our school.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
17. I ________ ride a bike, but I ________ drive a car.
A. can; can B. can’t; can’t
C. can; can’t D. am; am not
18. This ________ my sister and those ________ my parents.
A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are
19. —Where are my pens
—_______ on the chair.
A. It’s B. There’s C. There’re D. They’re
20. I want to go to the library. I must _________ my ID card.
A. find B. to find C. finding D. finds
21. Nowadays Chinese people ________ take too much cash when shopping because they often use Alipay or WeChat Pay.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. can’t
22. —I lost my math book. But I ________ find it.
—Good luck!
A. can’t B. can C. mustn’t D. must
23. The picture made me ________ my childhood.
A. think of B. think about C. think over D. thought of
24. — ________ you tell us a story in English
—I think I can do it. Let me try.
A. Need B. Can C. Should D. Must
25. You ________ write the report again because spelling mistakes are not allowed at all.
A. must B. can C. may D. could
26. I ________ know his QQ number.
A. am B. am not C. don’t D. aren’t
27. —Is that Li Ming over there
—It ________ be him. He has gone to the school library.
A. can’t B. needn’t C. must
28. —Must I finish my homework today
—No, you________. You________ finish it tomorrow.
A. can’t, can B. mustn’t, must C. needn’t, may
29. The boss makes Jim ________ 12 hours a day, so he always feels tired after work.
A. works B. working C. work D. to work
30. —Can Jane play chess
—No, she ________.
A. doesn’t B. isn’t C. can’t
31. —Mum, must I come back before five o’clock
—No, you ________. Just get home before dinner.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. couldn’t
32. —I’ve got a toothache, Mum.
—Oh, you ________ eat too many sweet snacks.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. should D. need
33. —________ I play basketball after school, Mr. Zhang
—Yes, you can.
A. Can B. Will C. Should D. Must
34. The food ______ so good. I can’t wait to eat it.
A. looks B. smells C. tastes
35. The cover of the book ________ comfortable. It’s made of silk.
A. tastes B. feels C. sounds
36. — May I use your bike this afternoon, Peter
— Oh, I’m afraid you ________. John and I will go cycling this afternoon.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
37. This pair of shoes ________Tom’s. They’re too big for him.
A. might be B. could be C. must be D. can’t be
38. I ________ be late, so don’t wait for me to start the meeting.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. need D. may
39. You should ________ careful in your work and life every day.
A. be B. are C. is
40. There ________ many boys at the park. The number of them ________ fifteen.
A. is; is B. are; is C. are; are D. is; are
41. If you drink at meals, you ________ drive cars on the highways.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. wouldn’t
42. —Hey, boys! Do you know whom the running shoes belong to
—Hello, Mr. Clark. They ________ be Jessica’s. She often wears such shoes in our class.
A. must B. can’t C. would D. needn’t
43. —You have little homework to do every day, _________
—_________. I hardly have time for my hobbies.
A. do you; Yes, I do B. do you; No, I don’t
C. don’t you; Yes, I do D. don’t you; No, I don’t
44. —Lucy, I can take care of your pet. But how often ________ I feed it
—Three times a day.
A. must B. should C. would D. may
45. —________ your twin brother’s name Nick
—Yes, ________ is.
A. Are; he B. Are; it C. Is; he D. Is; it
46. Tommy often ________ funny stories to make us ________ a lot.
A. tells; laugh B. says; laugh C. tells; to laugh D. says; to laugh
47. —I’ll drink half of the apple juice. The rest ________ for you, Sandy.
—Only for us three I’m afraid the rest ________ going to be unhappy.
A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are
48. —Where does Tony stand in line
—He __________ stand in front of Bill, but I’m not sure.
A. may B. can C. must D. need
49. What made him ________ his mind yesterday
A. to change B. changing C. changed D. change
50. Nowadays, Chinese ________ by more and more foreigners. I’m really proud of it.
A. are spoken B. is spoken C. spoke D. has spoken
51. —On my way to the supermarket, I saw Linda hanging out with her sister.
—It ________ be her. She has gone to Shanghai.
A. can’t B. might
C. could D. mustn’t
52. The story is so funny that it makes me ________ laughing.
A. keep B. keeping C. kept D. to keep
53. — Grandma, you ________ need to buy any fruit now. You can do it after dinner.
— OK.
A. doesn’t B. don’t C. isn’t D. aren’t
54. —Mum, can I play with my dog for a while
—Sorry, you ________. You should finish your homework first.
A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. wouldn’t
55. —Must we get to school at 7:00
—________. 8:00 is OK.
A. No, you needn’t B. No, you mustn’t C. Yes, you must D. Yes, you need
56. —I really like the game. Why must I stop playing it
—For your study, you ________, my boy.
A. hope to B. have to C. would like to D. are able to
57. Even the top student can’t work out this problem, so it________ be too difficult.
A. must B. may C. can D. need
58. Linda ________ tall and she ________ long curly hair.
A. has; is B. has; has C. is; is D. is; has
59. The boy you saw just now________ be Tom. He flew to New York yesterday.
A. can B. can’t C. must
60. Our teacher has made many rules to show what we students ________ and ________ not do in class.
A. must; must B. will; will C. need; need D. might; might
61. —Must I stay here all the time
—________. You can leave now.
A. Yes, you must B. No, you don’t have to C. No, you mustn’t
62. —What’s your plan for this Sunday
—If it ________ rain, we ________ fishing.
A. doesn’t; will go B. won’t; will go C. isn’t; will go
63. —Jack, could you come to my birthday party tomorrow
—Sorry, I ________. I have to look after my grandmother at home.
A. won’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. can’t
64. —Whose coat is this
—It ________ be Kitty’s. She is looking for her coat.
A. must B. mustn’t C. can
65. Your set of keys ________ in Classroom 3F. Please ask the teacher ____ them.
A. is; to B. is; for C. are; at D. are; for
66. If you want to keep safe, you _______ always be careful with electricity.
A. can B. may C. could D. must
67. Look! The man must ________ after the thief. Just now, the thief stole his bag.
A. is running B. run C. be running D. to be running
68. —Selina, I want to learn something about the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing.
—Frank ________ know it, because he cares best about it.
A. has to B. must C. can’t D. might
69. "I" ____________ a letter(字母).
A. is B. are C. am D. it’s
70. —Why didn’t you tell me earlier —Why ________ I I want to have my own secret.
A. can B. may C. should D. shall
71. —Jack, could you come to my birthday party tomorrow
—Sorry, I ________. I have to look after my grandmother at home. She’s ill.
A. won’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. can’t
72. Some people ________ feel sick when they read a book in a moving car or on a moving boat.
A. must B. should C. may D. need
73. — Jenny, let’s ________Tom for the interesting storybook.
— OK. Let’s go.
A. to ask B. asks C. ask D. asking
74. —Must I finish my homework
—No, you_______. You may do it tomorrow.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t
75. — Hi, Dave. Do you want to watch Peter Rabbit 2 (《彼得兔2》) this evening
— I’d love to, but I _______ go out on school days.
A. don’t have to B. can’t C. have to D. can
76. —Mum, ________ I do the same job as you when I grow up
—No, you needn’t. You can make your own decision.
A. may B. can C. must
77. People ________ leave rubbish on the ground.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. must D. need
78. —Whose skirt is this
—It ________ be Carol’s. She is the only girl in the team.
A. might B. need C. must
79. —Where ________ you at six o’clock yesterday morning
—I was in bed.
A. are B. were C. am D. was
80. —Where ____________ Frank come from
—He ____________ from the United States.
A. is; is B. does; come
C. does; is D. is; comes
81. To keep children away from danger during the coming summer holiday, parents _____give them some safety tips.
A. should B. may C. could D. might
82. It’s nice to see you again. We ________ each other since 2016.
A. won’t see B. haven’t seen C. don’t see D. didn’t see
83. you smell something burning Go and see what’s happening.
A. Can B. May C. Must D. Need
84. —________ Lily have long ________ short hair
—She has long hair.
A. Does; and B. Does; or C. Is; or D. Is; and
85. My cousin dancing, but I .
A. enjoy; doesn’t B. enjoys; don’t C. enjoys; does D. enjoy; don’t
86. Gentle wind makes you ________.
A. feel cool B. feel cooling C. to feel cool D. feeling cool
87. — Dad, I’ve signed for the box. What’s in it
— I’m not sure. It ________ be a present from your uncle.
A. should B. must C. may D. will
88. —I didn’t enjoy myself at the party. I just felt _________.
—Well, maybe there were too many people at the party.
A. left out B. to leave out C. leaving out D. be left out
89. The workers were made ________ 15 hours a day in the past.
A. to work B. work C. working D. worked
90. Jane has lived here for a long time, so she ________ know something about it.
A. can B. may C. maybe D. may be
91. Clark his father and his father very young.
A. looks; looks B. looks like; looks C. looks; looks like D. looks like; looks like
92. You walk on the wet hill path because you fall and hurt yourself.
A. must; might not B. mustn’t; might
C. needn’t; need D. must; must
93. -Whose volleyball is this
-It ___________ be Linda’s. She loves volleyball.
A. must B. can’t C. needn’t
94. The FIFA World Cup ________ in Qatar in November, 2022.
A. will be taken place B. will take place
C. will happen D. will be happened
95. I go now, or I’ll miss my train.
A. can B. might C. must D. could
96. —Kevin falls asleep in class every morning.
—He ________ be out late every night or maybe he works at night.
A. can B. need C. must D. should
97. —Shall we meet at the station at 8 a.m.
—In fact we ________. The train _______ until 10 a.m.
A. mustn’t; doesn’t leave B. mustn’t; leaves
C. needn’t; won’t leave D. needn’t; will leave
98. There ________ great changes in our country since 1979.
A. have been B. were C. has been D. are
99. — Lily, why does our teacher always ask us to practise handwriting
— Because it’s important in exams. We ________ pay too much attention to it.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
100. To give your brain a rest, you may ________ down on your bed, ________ yourself in a comfortable position without thinking about anything.
A. lie; laying B. lay; lying C. lie; lying D. lay; laying
参考答案
1. B
【解析】句意:——你和谁去了海滩?——我和我妹妹骑自行车去那了。
考查特殊疑问句。句中有实义动词 “go”,所以用助动词did,排除C和D,由答语“I went there with my sister by bike”可知,问句询问的是“和谁一起去的”,所以用特殊疑问词who,排除A,故选B。
2. D
【解析】句意:他不需要买那么多食物,因为聚会上只有几个人。
考查动词。need表示“需要”,是实义动词,后面接动词不定式,其否定形式为doesn’t/don’t/didn’t need;作情态动词时,后面接动词原形,其否定形式为needn’t。根据“because there will be only a few people at the party.”可知,因为聚会上只有几个人,因此不需要买那么多食物,用needn’t或doesn’t/don’t need to,故选D。
3. A
【解析】句意:Grace在我们学校总是擅长英语。
考查主谓一致以及频度副词位置的用法。Grace是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用is;is是系动词,always要放在其后。故选A。
4. B
【解析】句意:当你去晚会的时候,你应该轻声的说话。
考查副词的用法。根据should加动词原形,故排除C和D;根据speak是动词,后用副词,故排除A,结合句意可知,此空故填speak quietly,故选B。
5. B
【解析】句意:桌子上有一支铅笔和一些书。
考查主谓一致。此句是There be句型,谓语动词用“就近原则”,be与最近的名词保持一致,此处应与“a pencil”一致,be动词应用is,故选B。
6. A
【解析】句意:——冰箱里有食物和饮料吗?——我不确定。让我看看。
考查there be句型。is是,be动词的单数;are是,be动词的复数;Has有,have的第三人称单数;have有,动词原形,根据空后的“there”可知,是there be句型,表示“有”,排除C和D,food是不可数名词,所以用be动词的单数is,排除B,故选A。
7. C
【解析】句意:这汤加更多的盐吃起来味道更好。
考查动词辨析。eat吃;sound听起来;taste尝起来;feel摸起来。soup汤,可推断空处是指汤吃起来味道更好,故选C。
8. B
【解析】句意:——你喜欢这部电影《冰雪奇缘2》吗?——是的,里面的音乐听起来很棒。
考查动词辨析。looks看起来;sounds听起来;feels摸起来;tastes尝起来;句子主语是music,应该是听起来不错,故选B。
9. C
【解析】句意:这里是Jim的父母。
考查倒装句。“Here…”是倒装句,因此主语在后。此句中主语是“Jim’s parents”,是复数,因此be动词用复数are。故填are。
10. D
【解析】句意:三年前,我不会制作网页,但是现在我很擅长。
考查情态动词。can能,会;could能,会,can的过去式。时间状语three years ago,时态为一般过去时,根据“but”,句意发生转折,所以第一句是“不会”制作网页,因此用couldn’t。故选D。
11. C
【解析】句意:我和汤姆在同一个班。
考查动词辨析。is用于第三人称单数形式;am用于第一人称单数形式;are用于复数和第二人称;isn’t是is的否定形式。主语“Tom and I”是复数形式,故系动词应用are。故选C。
12. C
【解析】句意:——你能和我走走吗?——对不起,我不能。现在我有重要的事情要做。
考查情态动词的用法。mustn’t不可以,表禁止;needn’t不必;can’t不能;may not可能不。Could在这里表示语气婉转、客气,所以用can’t 回答不能,故选C。
13. C
【解析】——对于这个周日你有什么计划?——我不知道,我也许去乡下看望我的祖母。考查情态动词表推测。A. can表示猜测,经常用于否定句意,意思是“一定不是……”; B. must肯定,表示把握大的猜测; C. may 可能,也许,猜测的把握小;D. need需要。根据上句还没有确定,可知说话的把握小,故选C。
14. A
【解析】句意:在十堰,你上公共汽车时必须戴口罩。
考查情态动词must。must必须;can’t不能;has to不得不,必须;shouldn’t不应该,根据“wear a mask (口罩) when you get on the bus”可知,应该是你上公共汽车时必须戴口罩,排除B和D,主语是“you”,所以应该用have,排除C,故选A。
15. B
【解析】句意:——你的朋友煮在哪里?——她生活在伦敦。
考查主谓一致。第一句动词是live,疑问句应用助动词,主语是单数名词,助动词用does;第二句也用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,动词用三单形式,故选B。
16. A
【解析】句意:每个学期,我们学校都会举行一次家长会。
考查动词时态和be动词的用法。根据“Once a term”可知,此处是描述一个一般性情况,需用一般现在时,可排除CD选项;且“a parents’ meeting”是单数,be动词用is。故选A。
17. C
【解析】句意:我会骑自行车,但我不会开车。
考查情态动词。can会,能够;can’t不会,不能;am是;am not不是。根据语意可知,“我会骑自行车”,应用情态动词can表能够。句中but表转折,所以应是“我不会开车”,用情态动词can’t表不会。故选C。
18. B
【解析】句意:这是我妹妹,那些是我父母。
考查系动词。第一空前“this”,意为“这,这个”,表示的是单数,因此be动词是is;第二空前“those”,意为“那些”,表示的是复数,因此be动词是are。故选B。
19. D
【解析】句意:——我的笔在哪里?——它们在椅子上。
考查代词和be动词。根据“Where are my pens ”可知,主语是“my pens”,代词用they,be动词用are,they和are缩写成they’re。故选D。
20. A
【解析】句意:我想去图书馆。我必须找到我的学生证。
考查情态动词的用法。must是情态动词,后面动词用原形,故选A。
21. B
【解析】句意:现在中国人购物时不需要带很多现金,因为他们经常用支付宝或微信支付。
考查情态动词。shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不需;can’t不能;根据句意可知,此处指的是不必带很多现金了,故选B。
22. D
【解析】句意:——我的数学书丢了。但我必须找到它。——祝你好运!
考查情态动词。can’t不能;can能;mustn’t不得,禁止;must一定,必须。根据“I lost my math book.”和“But”可知,此处指一定要找到丢失的数学书,must符合语境。故选D。
23. A
【解析】句意:这张照片使我想起我的童年。
考查动词短语。think of想起;think about考虑;think over仔细考虑;thought of想起,think的过去式,根据空前的“The picture made me”可知,应该是这张照片使我想起我的童年,排除B和C,由空前的“made”是使役动词,后面接省略to的不定式作宾补,排除D,故选A。
24. B
【解析】句意:——你能用英语给我们讲个故事吗?——我想我可以。让我试一下。
考查情态动词。Need需要;Can能;Should应该;Must必须。根据“I think I can do it.”可知我想我能做到。故选B。
25. A
【解析】句意:你必须重新写报告,因为根本不允许有拼写错误。
考查情态动词。must必须;can能够;may可以;could能够。根据“spelling mistakes are not allowed at all”可知,拼写错误是不被允许的,所以报告必须重写。故选A。
26. C
【解析】句意:我不知道他的QQ号。
考查助动词。句中know“知道”是实义动词,其前不能加be动词,此处可用助动词don’t构成否定句。故选C。
27. A
【解析】句意:——那边是李明吗?——不可能是他。他去学校图书馆了。
考查情态动词。can’t不可能;needn’t不必;must一定。根据“He has gone to the school library.”可知,那人不可能是李明,应表示否定的推断。故选A。
28. C
【解析】句意:——我今天必须完成作业吗 ——不,你不需要。你可以明天完成它。
考查情态动词。can’t不能;can能;mustn’t禁止;must必须;needn’t不需要;may可以;回答must开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to.根据“No”可知是否定回答,所以此处用“needn’t”,第二空表示“可以”,所以用“may”,故选C。
【点睛】情态动词一般疑问句回答的归纳:1、回答may开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用may,否定回答用mustn’t。2、回答can开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用can.否定回答用can’t。3、回答need开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。4、回答must开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to.本题就是考查了must开头的一般疑问句,我们平时注意归纳积累。做题时注意是肯定还是否定,注意分析句意。本题根据回答“No”就可以知道是否定回答,答案就可以选出,此题相对比较简单。
29. C
【解析】句意:老板让吉姆一天工作12个小时,所以下班后他总是感到很累。
考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”,此处用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。
30. C
【解析】句意:——简会下棋吗? ——不,她不会。
考查一般疑问句的回答。根据“Can Jane play chess”可知,此处是用“can”提问的一般疑问句,因此答语应该也用“can/can’t”。故选C。
31. B
【解析】句意:——妈妈,我必须在五点前回来吗?——不,你不必。晚饭前回家就行了。
考查情态动词的辨析。mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必;shouldn’t不应该;couldn’t不可能。must引导的一般疑问句,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to,故选B。
32. A
【解析】句意:——我牙痛,妈妈。——哦,你不应该吃太多甜食。
考查情态动词。shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必;should应该;need需要。根据“I’ve got a toothache, Mum.”可知吃太多甜食引发了牙痛,不应该吃太多。故选A。
33. A
【解析】句意:——张老师,放学后我可以打篮球吗? ——是的,你可以。
考查情态动词。Can能;Will将会;Should应该;Must必须。根据“Yes, you can.”可知,一般疑问句用Can开头。故选A。
34. B
【解析】句意:这个食物闻起来太香了。我都迫不及待吃它了。
考查动词辨析。looks看起来;smells闻起来;tastes尝起来。根据“I can’t wait to eat it.”可知,食物闻起来很香,所以迫不及待要吃它,“smells”符合语境。故选B。
35. B
【解析】句意:这本书的封面感觉很舒服。它是丝绸做的。
考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来;feels感觉起来,触摸;sounds听起来。根据“The cover of the book...comfortable.”可知,此处是指书摸起来很舒服。故选B。
36. B
【解析】句意:——Peter,今天下午我可以用下你的自行车吗?——哦,我恐怕你不能。我和John今天下去要去骑自行车。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;needn’t不必;shouldn’t不应该。根据“John and I will go cycling this afternoon”可知,恐怕对方不能用自己的自行车,故选B。
37. D
【解析】句意:这双鞋不可能是Tom的。它们对他来说太大了。
考查情态动词辨析。might be可能是;could be能够是;must be一定是;can’t be不可能是。根据“They’re too big for him”可知,不可能是他的,否定推测用can’t,故选D。
38. D
【解析】句意:我可能要迟到了,因此开始开会吧,不要等我。
考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;needn’t没必要;need需要;may可能。根据“so don’t wait for me to start the meeting”可知此处表示不确定推测,用may表示“可能”。故选D。
39. A
【解析】句意:每天的工作和生活都要小心。
考查be动词。空格前有情态动词should,其后要加be动词原形。故选A。
40. B
【解析】句意:公园里有许多男孩。他们的人数是十五。
考查be动词。there be句型中be的形式要根据其后的名词而定。根据“many boys”可知,第一空应填are。the number of..意为“……的数目”,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。故选B。
41. B
【解析】句意:如果你在吃饭时喝酒,你不能在高速公路上开车。
考查情态动词。neen’t不必;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该;wouldn’t不会,不要。根据“If you drink at meals”以及常识可知喝酒之后不能开车。故选B。
42. A
【解析】句意:——嗨,孩子们!你们知道这双跑步鞋是谁的吗?——你好,Clark老师。它们一定是Jessica的。她经常在我们班里穿这样的鞋子。
考查情态动词词义辨析。must必须,或表示比较很有把握的肯定推测,意为“一定,准是”;can’t不能,或表示否定的猜测,意为“不可能”;would会,will的过去式,表示过去的意愿,或表示委婉的请求;needn’t不需要。根据“She often wears such shoes in our class”可知她经常穿这样的鞋子,由此可以比较有把握地推测这双鞋子一定是Jessica的。故选A。
43. A
【解析】句意:你每天作业很少,是么?——不,我有很多作业。我几乎没时间花在兴趣爱好上。
考查反义疑问句。little“很少”,表示否定含义,所以此处反义疑问句应用肯定句;原句为实义动词have,所以此处应用do you。根据“I hardly have time”可知,此处应用“Yes, I do”,表示“我有很多作业要做”。故选A。
44. B
【解析】句意:——露西,我可以照顾你的宠物。但是我应该多久喂它一次呢?——一天三次。
考查情态动词。must必须;should应该;would将要;may可能。根据“Three times a day.”可知问应该多久喂一次,用should符合语境。故选B。
45. D
【解析】句意:——你的双胞胎哥哥叫尼克吗?——是的,它是。
考查be动词和代词。疑问句中的主语是“your twin brother’s name”,是第三人称单数,所以be动词用is;回答时,主语用it指代,故选D。
46. A
【解析】句意:汤米经常讲有趣的故事使我们大笑不止。
考查动词辨析以及非谓语动词。tell讲述;say说。tell stories“讲故事”,固定搭配。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”,省略to的动词不定式作宾补,故选A。
47. A
【解析】句意:——我要喝一半苹果汁。剩下的给你们,桑迪。——就我们三个人?恐怕其他人会不高兴的。
考查be动词。根据“I’ll drink half of the apple juice.”可知,空一前的the rest指的是剩下的苹果汁,不可数名词作主语,be动词用is;根据“Only for us three I’m afraid the rest...”可知,空二前的the rest指的是剩下的人,表示复数,所以be动词用are。故选A。
48. A
【解析】句意:——托尼在哪排队?——他可能站在比尔的前面,但是我不确定。
考查情态动词表推测。may 可能(用于不确定的推测);can 能,会(用于否定句时表推测);must 一定(特别肯定的推测);need 需要。根据“but I’m not sure”可知,是不确定的推测,所以用may。故选A。
49. D
【解析】句意:是什么使他昨天改变了主意?
考查非谓语动词。固定短语make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”。故选D。
50. B
【解析】句意:现在,越来越多的外国人说汉语。我真的为此感到骄傲。
考查被动语态和主谓一致。此处“Chinese”表示“汉语,中文”,与speak“说”是被动关系,根据“Nowadays”可知,用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+done,排除C和D;“Chinese”是第三人称单数,be动词用is。故选B。
51. A
【解析】句意:——在我去超市的路上,我看见琳达和她姐姐在一起。——那不可能是她。她去上海了。
考查情态动词辨析。can’t不可能;might可能;could可以;mustn’t禁止。根据“She has gone to Shanghai.”可知,此处表示不可能是她,表否定推测用can’t,故选A。
52. A
【解析】句意:这个故事是如此的有趣以致于它使我一直发笑。
考查使役动词的用法。make是使役动词,后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,即make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”。故选A。
53. B
【解析】句意:——奶奶,你现在不需要买水果了。你可以晚饭后再买。——好的。
考查助动词。根据“You can do it after dinner.”可知说话人告诉奶奶现在不需要买水果。need表示“需要”,实义动词,且主语“you”是第二人称,否定句借助助动词do。故选B。
54. A
【解析】句意:——妈妈,我可以和我的狗玩一会儿吗? ——对不起,你不可以。你必须先完成作业。
考查情态动词。can’t不能,不可以;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止,表示警告或禁止;wouldn’t将不会,不愿意,表示意愿。根据问句中“can”,结合语境,可知此处表示请求许可,根据“Sorry”,可知没有得到妈妈的许可,can’t表示“不可以”。故选A。
55. A
【解析】句意:——我们必须7点到学校吗?——不,你们没必要。8点可以。
考查一般疑问句及其否定回答。Must引导的一般疑问句否定回答用“needn’t/don’t have to”。故选A。
56. B
【解析】句意:——我真的很喜欢这个游戏。为什么我必须停止玩游戏?——为了你的学习,你必须停止,我的孩子。
考查动词短语。hope to希望;have to不得不,必须;would like to愿意;are able to能够。根据“Why must I stop playing it ”和“For your study,”可知,应是为了学习必须停止玩游戏,故选B。
57. A
【解析】句意:即使最优秀的学生也做不出这道题,所以它一定很难。
考查情态动词。must必须,一定;may可能;can能,会;need需要;根据句意理解可知,这里表达的是极其肯定的推测,表示“一定”,所以应该用must,故选A。
【点睛】英语中情态动词有两种用法。一种是本身用法,还有一种是推测用法,表示推测用法时,常用的是must,can和may。must表示推测或推断时,其语气最为肯定,意为“一定”,本题就是非常肯定的推测;can表示推测用法时,常用于否定句和疑问句,多用否定形式,can’t意为“不可能”;may表示推测用法时,多用于肯定句,表示可能性的推测,意为“可能,也许”;做题要稍加留意,要注意本身词义和推测词义的区别。
58. D
【解析】句意:琳达很高,有长卷发。
考查动词辨析。is是;has有;根据题干可知,第一个空后是形容词作表语,构成“主系表”结构;第二个空,表示“拥有”,主语是第三人称单数,用has,构成“主谓宾”;故选D。
59. B
【解析】句意:你刚刚看到的男孩不能是Tom。他昨天飞去纽约了。
考查情态动词。can可以;能够;can’t不能;must必须。根据“He flew to New York yesterday.”可知Tom昨天飞去纽约了,因此那个男生不能是Tom,用can’t表否定推测。故选B。
60. A
【解析】句意:我们老师制定了许多规定,告诉我们学生在课堂上应该做什么,不应该做什么。
考查情态动词。must必须,一定;will将,会;need必要;might可能。班规规定的纪律应该是必须遵守或者禁止做的。故选A。
61. B
【解析】句意:——我必须一直待在这里吗?——不,你不必。你现在可以走了。
考查情态动词。含有情态动词must的一般疑问句的回答为:Yes, 主语+must./No, 主语+don’t/doesn’t have to.。根据“You can leave now”可知,问话人不必一直待在这里,故选B。
62. A
【解析】句意:——这个星期天你有什么计划?——如果不下雨,我们就去钓鱼。
考查if引导的条件状语从句。go fishing“去钓鱼”,根据if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,排除B,第一个空后的“rain”是实义动词以及主语“it”是第三人称单数,所以否定形式用助动词doesn’t,排除C,故选A。
63. D
【解析】句意:——杰克,你明天能来参加我的生日聚会吗?——对不起,我不能。我必须在家照顾我的祖母。
考查情态动词辨析。won’t将不;mustn’t表示禁止;couldn’t不能,could是can的过去式;can’t不能。以could开头的一般疑问句是表示委婉的请求,不是过去式,故否定回答应用can’t。故选D。
64. A
【解析】句意:——这是谁的外套?——这一定是凯蒂的。她正在找她的外套。
考查情态动词。must一定;mustn’t不准;can能。根据“She is looking for her coat.”可知此处指一定是凯蒂的外套,故选A。
65. B
【解析】句意:你的一套钥匙在三楼教室里。请向老师要它们。
考查主谓一致和介词辨析。is是,主语是第三人称单数;are是,主语是复数或you;to朝/向;for为了;at在,表时刻。第一空前主语中心词set是单数,be动词用is;根据题干“ask the teacher…them”可知是固定短语ask sb. for sth.,表示“向某人要某物”。结合选项,故选B。
66. D
【解析】句意:如果你想保证安全,你必须时刻小心用电。
考查情态动词辨析。can可以,能;may也许;could能;must必须。根据句中的“keep safe”和“be careful with electricity”可知为了安全就必须小心用电。故选D。
67. C
【解析】句意:看!那个人一定在追小偷。刚才,小偷偷走了他的包。
考查现在进行时。根据“Look!”可知,此句时态是现在进行时;再者根据“must”可知,情态动词后接动词原形,因此be running符合句意,故选C。
68. B
【解析】句意:——Selina,我想了解一些关于北京冬季奥运会的事情。——Frank一定知道,因为他最关心它。
考查动词辨析。has to不得不;must一定;can’t不可能;might可能。根据“because he cares best about it”可知,此处表示非常肯定的推测,故选B。
69. A
【解析】句意:"I"是一个字母。考查系词辨析题。"I"是单数事物,属于单数第三人称,系词需用is;根据句意结构,可知选A。
70. C
【解析】句意:——你为什么不早点告诉我?——我为什么应该早点告诉你?我想有自己的秘密。
考查情态动词辨析。can能,会;may可以;should应该;shall用于第一人称疑问句中,表示征求意见。根据对话的情景“I want to have my own secret.”可知,说话人表示自己没有义务告诉对方,应用should。故选C。
71. D
【解析】句意:——杰克,你明天能来参加我的生日聚会吗?——对不起,我不能。我必须在家照顾我的奶奶。她病了。
考查一般疑问句的回答。一般疑问句“Could you…”是表示委婉语气,这里的could不是过去式,回答时用can回答;根据答句“Sorry ...I have to look after my grandmother at home. She’s ill.”可以推知“我”不能去参加生日聚会,所以否定回答用can’t。故选D。
72. C
【解析】句意:有些人在行驶的汽车或船只上看书时可能会感到恶心。
考查情态动词辨析。must必须;should应该;may可能;need需要。根据“Some people … feel sick when they read a book in a moving car or on a moving boat”可知,在行驶的汽车或船只上看书有些人可能会感到恶心,这只是猜测一种可能性,故选C。
73. C
【解析】句意:——Jenny,让我们向汤姆要一本有趣的故事书。——好的。我们走吧。
考查使役动词let。ask sb. for sth.找某人要某物,根据所给空前面的let是使役动词,后面跟动词原形,故选C。
【点睛】使役动词有make、let、have,后面接动词原形。
例如:He always makes me laugh.他总是让我大笑。
74. A
【解析】句意:——我必须完成我的作业吗?——不,你不必了。你可以明天做它。needn’t不必;can’t不可以;mustn’t禁止;couldn’t是can’t的否定形式,表示不可以。Must I…… “我必须……吗?”肯定回答用Yes, you must.否定回答用No, you needn’t.或No, you don’t have to.根据No,可知此处用否定回答,故选A。
75. B
【解析】句意:——嗨,戴夫。今晚你想看《彼得兔2》吗?——我很想去,但上学的时候我不能出去。
考查情态动词用法。don’t have to不需要;can’t不能;have to不得不;can能够。根据“go out on school days.”结合语境可知上学日不能出去看电影,故选B。
76. C
【解析】句意:——妈妈,我长大后必须和你做同样的工作吗?——不,你不必。你可以自己做决定。
考查情态动词。may可以;can能够;must必须;根据“No, you needn’t.”可知,此处说的是“必须……吗”,应用must,故选C。
77. A
【解析】句意:人们不能把垃圾扔在地上。
考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;needn’t不需要;must必须;need需要。根据“People...leave rubbish on the ground.”可知,此处是指禁止把垃圾扔地下。故选A。
78. C
【解析】句意:——这是谁的短裙?——肯定是Carol的。她是队里唯一的女孩。
考查情态动词。might可能,表示语气较弱的肯定推测;need需要;must一定,表示语气较强的肯定推测。根据“She is the only girl in the team.”可知此处是语气较强的肯定推测,能确定是Carol的。故选C。
79. B
【解析】句意:——昨天早上六点你在哪儿? ——我在床上。
考查be动词。根据句中you和yesterday morning可知,此处应用be动词的第二人称过去式,即were,故选B。
80. C
【解析】句意:——Frank来自哪里?——他来自美国。
come from是动词短语,这里是一般现在时态的特殊疑问句,主语是第三人称单数,助动词用does。排除AD;come from相当于be from表示来自,主语是单数,be动词用is;come变第三人称单数。根据题意,故选C。
81. A
【解析】句意:为了让孩子们在即将到来的暑假里远离危险,父母应该给他们一些安全提示。A. should情态动词,应该,表示责任或义务;B. may情态动词,可以,能,表示请求许可;C. could情态动词,能、可以,表示请求许可,语气委婉;D. might情态动词,可能,语气比could更委婉与不确定。根据语境可知,本题表示“责任或义务”之意。故选A。
82. B
【解析】句意:再次见到你们很开心,我们自从2016年就没见过彼此了。
考查动词的时态。根据“since 2016”可知,用现在完成时,其结构是have/has+过去分词,主语we,助动词用have,这里是否定句,haven’t+动词过去分词,see是动词,看见,过去分词是seen,故选B。
83. A
【解析】句意:你能闻到烧焦的东西吗? 去看看发生了什么。
考查情态动词。Can能;May可以,与第二人称连用通常表祝福;Must必须;Need需要。根据空后“you smell something burning你闻到烧焦的东西”可知,此处是说“能”can。“你能闻到烧焦的东西吗”符合句意。故选A。
84. B
【解析】句意:——莉莉留着长发还是短发?——她留着长发。
考查选择疑问句的用法。问句的结构为“一般疑问句+被选择的两个并列成分”。句中的“have”是实义动词,变一般疑问句要添加助动词,主语“Lily”是单数,助动词用does;and意为“和”,or意为“或者”,选择疑问句中用or表示选择。故选B。
85. B
【解析】句意:我的表弟喜欢跳舞,但是我不喜欢。
考查动词时态和助动词辨析。短语enjoy doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”;主语cousin是第三人称单数,谓语动词enjoy用单数第三人称形式,前空可排除AD两项。后半句主语I是第一人称,助动词需用do;but表转折,可知本句是否定句,需在do后加not。故选B。
86. A
【解析】句意:微风使你感到凉爽。使役动词make构成短语“make sb. do sth.”意为“使某人做某事”;feel为系动词,后面跟形容词cool“凉爽的”构成系表结构,故选A。
87. C
【解析】句意:——爸爸,我签收了这个盒子了。它里面是什么?——我不确定。它可能是你叔叔送的礼物。
考查情态动词的用法。should应该;must肯定、一定,表推测,暗含很大的可能性;may可能,表示一种不确定的推测;will将来。根据“I’m not sure.”可知,此处表示不确定的推测。故选C。
88. A
【解析】句意:——我在聚会上玩得不开心。我只是觉得被冷落了。——嗯,也许派对上的人太多了。
考查过去分词作表语。leave out“遗漏,省去”;根据“I didn’t enjoy myself at the party.”可知,说话人在聚会上感觉不开心,觉得自己被忽略了;主语“I”与“leave out”为被动关系,feel为感官动词,后可接过去分词作表语。故选A。
89. A
【解析】句意:在过去,工人们一天被强迫工作15小时。
考查使役动词的被动。使役动词make的主动用法是make sb. do sth.“强迫/迫使某人做某事”,宾语后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语;但是在变成被动的时候,省略的to要还原,变成be made to do sth.“被强迫做某事”。故选A。
90. B
【解析】句意:简在这里住了很长一段时间,所以她可能知道一些事情。
考查情态动词。can可以;may表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“也许、可能”,其可能性不大;maybe是副词,在句首作状语,意为“或许,大概”;may be是“情态动词+系动词”结构,意为“可能是”。空后的know是动词,这里需用情态动词,排除C/D;根据“Jane has lived here for a long time,”可知,这里应该用may表示推测。故选B。
91. B
【解析】句意:克拉克看起来像他的父亲,他的父亲看起来很年轻。
考查look用法辨析。look表示“看起来”,是系动词,后面跟形容词作表语;look like是固定短语,意为“看起来像……”。根据第一空格后的his mother可知,这里是指看起来像他的父亲,需用look like;又根据第二空格后的形容词young,可知该句为系表结构,需用“look+形容词”结构;两句的主语Clark和father都为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用单三形式,故选B。
92. B
【解析】句意:你不能走在潮湿的山路上,因为你可能会摔倒受伤。mustn’t不可以;must一定,必须;need需要;needn’t不必;might可能;might not可能不。根据because you fall and hurt yourself. 你可能会摔倒并伤到你自己,所以你不可以走在潮湿的山路上,因此选择mustn’t不可以;第二个空表示推测,可能会摔倒受伤,因此选择might可能。故选B。
93. A
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意:—这是谁的排球?—它一定是琳达的。她喜欢排球。 A. must一定是,表示猜测; B. can’t不可能是;C. needn’t不必。根据后一句she loves volleyball她喜欢排球,可知猜测一定是琳达的,故选A。
94. B
【解析】句意:世界杯将于2022年十一月在卡塔尔举行。
考查take place 与happen的辨析。happen、take place均不可用作被动语态,排除A和D;happen指的是偶然发生,take place指的是有计划、安排的发生, 世界杯是有安排的,排除C。故选B。
95. C
【解析】句意:我必须走了,否则我就赶不上火车了。考查情态动词。A. 能;B. 可能;C. 必须;D.能。结合语境“我______走了,否则我就赶不上火车了。”。可知,应该是“必须”。故选C。
【点睛】情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。否定形式通常在后面加not。要注意情态动词的不同用法。
96. C
【解析】句意:——凯文每天早上在课堂上睡觉。——他一定是每天晚上很晚才回来,或者他晚上工作到很晚。
考查情态动词。can能,可能; need需要;must一定;should应该。根据“Kevin falls asleep in class every morning.”可知,他每天晚上一定很晚才回来,或者他晚上工作到很晚。此处是有把握的肯定推测,用must,故选C。
97. C
【解析】句意:——我们上午8点在车站见面好吗?——事实上我们不需要。火车会直到上午10点才开。考查情态动词和动词时态辨析题。needn’t不必,指没有必要;mustn’t表示“不可以”“不允许”。 until 10 a.m.是个将来的时间,句子需用一般将来时,可排除AB两个选项。not...until直到……才,固定结构,可排除D项。根据The train won’t leave until 10 a.m.,可知是“没必要早来”,故选C。
98. A
【解析】句意:自1979年以来,我国发生了巨大的变化。
考查there be句型及动词时态。根据“since1979”可知,此处是现在完成时,此处是there be句型的现在完成时,主语是changes是复数形式,其结构是there have been+主语+介词短语,故选A。
99. D
【解析】句意:——莉莉,为什么我们老师总是叫我们练习书法?——因为它在考试中很重要。我们不能够太关注它。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必;can’t不可能。根据“Because it’s important in exams. We … pay too much attention to it”可知,在考试中不太可能关注到它,所以在平常应多练习,故选D。
100. A
【解析】句意:为了让你的大脑得到休息,你可以躺在你的床上,把自己调整到一个舒服的姿势,不想任何事。
考查动词词辨析。lie平躺;lay放置、安放,也是lie的过去式。lie down“躺下”,根据“...down on your bed”可知,第一空应填lie,空前是情态动词,应填其原形lie。根据“...yourself in a comfortable position”可知,平躺时应把自己以一个舒服的姿势安放,第二空填lay,作伴随状语用动词的现在分词,应填laying。故选A。
2