2023届英语高考二轮复习语法填空指导(有提示词类——名词、代词、形容词和副词)学案（有答案）

专攻解题方法与技巧
英语高考语法填空指导　2.有提示词类——名词、代词、形容词和副词
技法一　如何确定名词的词形变化
名词的变化主要包括名词变复数、名词所有格和名词的词形变化。
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
名词变复数 1.有数词或者these，those，several，many，all，both，various，a number of 等词修饰时，名词用复数形式。
2.前有“one of”修饰时，名词用复数形式。
3.若谓语动词是复数形式，则作主语的名词用复数形式。 1.A number of Olympic high technologies (technology) have been applied for the first time in Beijing to ensure its goal of carbon neutrality.
2.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans(human) are.
3.“Making coins was one of the greatest financial activities(activity) in human history，” said researchers，adding that it allowed wealth to be traded easily.
名词所有格 提示词与后面的名词为所属关系，应考虑名词所有格。单数名词或不以s 结尾的复数名词，在词尾加’s；以s 结尾的单数或者复数名词，在词尾加’。 4.(2022·河北衡水中学二调)These Yungang researchers’(researcher) attempt is a good example of technology helping to preserve cultural heritage.
名词变
形容词 提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词或前面有比较级修饰，则一般考查名词变形容词。一般在名词词尾加后缀-able；-al；-ful；-en；-y；-less；-ly；-ous等构成形容词，如：terrible，national，useful，wooden，healthy，careless，monthly，dangerous等。 5.(2021·全国乙)Provide financial(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
6.(2022·全国甲)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful(meaning).
名词变动词 提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。一般在名词词尾加后缀-en；-ize或前缀en-等构成动词，如：strengthen，apologize，encourage，endanger等。 7.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to strengthen (strength) your leg muscles，avoid hills and get good running shoes.
附表　名词变复数
变化规则 典型例词
规则变化 一般在词尾加s；如果是以ch，sh，s，x等结尾的单词，则加es trees，bikes，books，buses，watches，boxes，bushes
辅音字母＋y结尾的单词，变y为i再加es；元音字母＋y结尾的单词，则直接加s babies，families，boys，plays
以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro，hero)、两菜(tomato，potato)加es外，其余一般加s radios，photos
以f或fe结尾的单词，通常把f，fe变为v再加es wives，knives，wolves
特殊变化 man→men，woman→women；tooth→teeth，foot→feet；child→children；mouse→mice
单复数同形 Chinese，Japanese，people，sheep，deer，fish
注意　1. 除了上表中的情况以外，还有一些特殊变化的名词如：
German→Germans　human→humans　stomach→stomachs　chief→chiefs　belief→beliefs
2．两个名词组成的合成词一般只变后一个名词，如 apple trees，factory workers；但是和man，woman组成的合成词两个词都要变复数，如women teachers，men doctors
技法二　如何确定代词的词形变化
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
人称代词 1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语时，应考虑人称代词主格(I，we，you，he，she，it，they等)形式。
2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少宾语或表语时应考虑人称代词宾格(me，us，you，him，her，it，them等)形式。 1.(2022·湖南湘潭三模)She showed them(they) the microwave，water dispenser(饮水机) and refrigerator in the space kitchen.
物主代词 1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少定语时，应考虑形容词性物主代词(my，our，your，his，her，its，their等)形式。
2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语或宾语，且表示拥有者时，应考虑名词性物主代词(mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等)形式。 2.(2022·山东济南模拟)All our(we) yuanxiao are handmade，because it is the only way to maintain the traditional flavor.
3.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory.It sure does in mine(I).
反身代词 提示词为代词，当该词作动词或介词的宾语或表语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词(myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves等)形式。 4.(2022·山东聊城一模)Although several hundred people have claimed themselves(they) as eyewitnesses of some giant apelike creatures in Shennongjia，there is no tangible evidence to confirm the existence of a “wild man”.
技法三　如何确定形容词和副词的词形变化
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
形容词变副词、名词 1.若空格处的词修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，应考虑副词形式。
2.若空格处在动词前作主语或介词或形容词后作宾语，应考虑名词形式。 1.(2022·浙江1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci，for example，roughly(rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
2.(2020·全国Ⅲ)Filled with curiosity (curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.
形容词、副词变反义词 根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确定句意表否定时，可以添加否定前缀(il-，un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less等)变为反义词。 3.Over the past decades，the country has lost more than 30% of its forest cover due to illegal(legal) logging.
形容词、副词变比较级 1.空前有much，far，still，even，rather，a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal，than等标志性词时应考虑用比较级。
2.句型“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。
3.句型“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”。
4.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
5.句中如果没有标志词，但暗含比较级的意思，也需要用比较级。 4.(2021·浙江6月)When the house was built，it was much smaller(small) than it is today.
5.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the hotter(hot) the spring！
6.—Did you have a good sleep last night？
—Yes，never sleep better(well).
7.Compared with other provinces，they are also larger(large) in number，and have bigger impact.
形容词、副词变最高级 1.设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时，用最高级。
2.设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。
3.句中如果没有标志词，但暗含最高级的意思，也需要用最高级。 8.China’s new-generation high-speed train，the Fuxing Hao，is now one of the fastest(fast) trains in the world.
9.(2022·全国甲)In the last five years，Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s highest(high) mountain.
附表1　形容词变副词的规则
变化规则 典型例词
一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously
以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加-ly，以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly immediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→truly
以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y possible→possibly，probable→probably
以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly happy→happily，healthy→healthily
以-ic 结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally economic→economically，basic→basically
以-ll 结尾的形容词要在其后加-y full→fully，dull→dully
注意　以下单词是特殊的形式：whole-wholly　 public-publicly　shy-shyly
附表2　形容词、副词变比较级或最高级
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词，末尾加-er，-est tall
great taller
greater tallest
greatest
以不发音的-e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-st nice
simple nicer
simpler nicest
simplest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big
hot bigger
hotter biggest
hottest
“以辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再加-er，-est easy
busy easier
busier easiest
busiest
少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er，-est clever
narrow(窄的) cleverer
narrower cleverest
narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级 important
easily more important
more easily most important
most easily
Group 1　达标练
1．(2022·重庆长寿期末)After reform and opening-up，teahouses flowered in China with the development of the economy and evident improvement of people’s(people) living standards.
2．(2022·福建莆田质检)A highlight of the villages is the dining halls，which will offer 678 dishes to athletes from diverse cultural backgrounds(background)．
3．(2022·福建漳州二检)As is shown in the comments of the audience，the spirits of the heroes who fought bloodily for our country and the people have aroused their(they) national pride and reminded them to value today’s peaceful life.
4．(2022·广东广州一模)By the age of 23，she has visited all the countries in an effort to challenge herself(she) and push the limits of what she believed was possible for a female traveler.
5．(2022·广东广州一模)But the most valuable (value) experience of all was discovering a new sense of independence，she said.
6．(2022·广东惠州一模)It was the first road in China with three colored dividing lines，and has successfully(successful) applied for national intellectual property certification.
7．The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school，before you make any choice about your further(far) education.
8．As a result，China has the fourth largest(large) number of museums in the world next to the United States，Germany and Japan.
9．According to official statistics，over 346 million Chinese people have participated in winter sports training，amateur or professional(profession) competitions，or winter sports leisure activities，surpassing the goal of 300 million the government set in 2015 when Beijing won the Olympic bid.
10．China’s commitment to engage 300 million people in winter sports has already become a reality(real)．
Group 2　真题练
1．As a main promoter of the International Tea Day，the birthplace of tea and the largest(large) tea-producing country，China has a responsibility(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.(2022·全国乙)
2．The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony，opening its(it) first exhibition：The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.(2022·全国乙)
3．The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations(population) and homes of giant pandas，and eventually(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
4．Why do we dream？Scientists aren’t completely sure，and they have diverse ideas(idea).
(2021·北京)
5．...we decided it was time for some action and what better(good) than to ride on a piece of history！(2021·全国甲)
6．It will undoubtedly(undoubted) help you get refreshed! (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)
7．This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside，including lower(low) levels of income and education，higher costs of healthy foods，and fewer sports facilities.(2021·浙江1月)
8．It is calculated by dividing a person’s (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared，and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.(2021·浙江1月)
9．As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine themselves(they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
10．Historical accuracy(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
A
(2022·广东广州三模)
Yang Liu，a 25-year-old inheritor of single bamboo drifting(独竹漂)，has given over 3,000 performances of the traditional sport across China in the past 10 years.She desires 1. (familiarize) people with it not just in the country but the entire world.
Born and 2.—————— (bring) up in Zunyi，Guizhou，Yang started learning drifting on a bamboo pole on the water when she was seven.In the 3.—————— (begin)，she treated it just as a way to keep fit.But later on，she developed 4.—————— interest when she managed to pull off some basic dance moves while drifting on the water.
5．—————— each brave attempt，her confidence grew.She 6.—————— (late) applied traditional Chinese costumes，Hanfu，to her performances.A girl in Hanfu dancing on the water—it was a sight to behold.
7． Yang didn’t just stop there.Having a soft corner in her heart for 8. (disable) people，she integrated sign language into her dance，thus not only promoting Chinese culture，but also telling people that “as long as you are willing to make 9.—————— (attempt)，you can also find your value.”
Since 2020，Yang has been actively popularizing the technique on social media platforms，where she 10.—————— (earn) millions of followers and likes from home and abroad.
1．答案　to familiarize
解析　考查非谓语动词。desire后面接不定式作宾语。故填to familiarize。
2．答案　brought
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句主句谓语动词是started，所以设空处动词需填非谓语形式，由于动词bring和Yang是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以bring需用过去分词形式。故填brought。
3．答案　beginning
解析　考查名词。in the beginning是固定短语，意为“起初”。故填beginning。
4．答案　an
解析　考查冠词。结合句意可知，她后来将独竹漂培养成一种爱好，所以interest前需加不定冠词，由于interest发音以元音音素开头，所以此处应填an。故填an。
5．答案　With
解析　考查介词。分析句子结构可知， each brave attempt充当的是伴随状语，“with＋名词/名词短语”结构符合条件，又因为句首字母要大写，故填With。
6．答案　later
解析　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填副词，充当状语，修饰整个句子。later是副词，意为“后来”，可充当该句时间状语。故填later。
7．答案　But
解析　考查连词。根据上下文语境可知，设空处前后之间形成转折关系，需填表转折的连词but。句首字母要大写。故填But。
8．答案　disabled
解析　考查形容词。由设空处后面的“sign language”可知，她融入手语到舞蹈当中，所以此处指的是身患残疾的人，disabled people表示“残障人士”。故填disabled。
9．答案　attempts
解析　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填名词充当动词make的宾语，此处可数名词attempt前面没有限定词，所以需用复数形式。故填attempts。
10．答案　has earned
解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处充当谓语。由时间状语Since 2020可知，设空处需用现在完成时。从句主语she是单数，所以从句谓语动词需用单数形式。故填has earned。
B
(2022·广东梅州二模)
The term “China-Chic” characterizes the rise of China’s native fashion trends.It has expanded the concept of “Made in China”，1.—————— is usually regarded as the assurance of the quality of products.
In recent years，“Made in China” has 2.—————— (increasing) been recognized as the representation of Chinese culture 3.—————— (offer) by homegrown Chinese brands，or simply “China-Chic”．
The initial 4.—————— (adopt) of the term “China-Chic” was similar to “Brit Style”， which represents a unique fashion trend mainly defined by the country’s differentiating cultural 5.___________(element)．
Designers in the fashion industry were 6.—————— first to feature traditional Chinese patterns and characters，garment textiles and crafting technique in 7.—————— (they) newest collections.The eye-catching colors and styles created a visual feast that many have never seen before，quickly 8.—————— (turn) the collections into best sellers.
Under such influence，young people gradually 9. (shift) their attention from pop culture imported from Japan，Korea and the West and started to develop interest 10. traditional Chinese art and literature，practicing Chinese calligraphy and musical instrument，such as Guzheng.
1．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词指物，因此空格处填关系代词which。
2．答案　increasingly
解析　考查副词。空格处用副词修饰动词recognized，故填increasingly。
3．答案　offered
解析　考查过去分词。句中谓语是“has—————— (increasing) been recognized”，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填offered。
4．答案　adoption
解析　考查名词。initial是形容词，修饰名词，adopt的名词是adoption，意为“采用”，是不可数名词，故填adoption。
5．答案　elements
解析　考查名词复数。element是可数名词，differentiating意为“不同的”，其后跟复数名词，故填elements。
6．答案　the
解析　考查定冠词。first是序数词，表示“第一”，前面加定冠词，故填the。
7．答案　their
解析　考查物主代词。Designers和“newest collections”是所属关系，用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词短语“newest collections”。故填their。
8．答案　turning
解析　考查现在分词。句中谓语是created，空格处用非谓语动词，前面描述的事情和turn之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词作状语，故填turning。
9．答案　shifted
解析　考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空格处与后面的started为并列谓语动词，and前后时态一致，故填shifted。
10．答案　in
解析　考查介词和固定短语。develop interest in是固定短语，意为“对……产生兴趣”。故填in。