2023年浙江市统考和校联考高考英语二模试卷阅读理解汇总（含答案与解析）

2023年浙江市统考和校联考高考英语二模试卷阅读理解汇总
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
（2023·浙江杭州·统考二模）ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI to carry on conversations just like humans, has become a viral excitement. The AI-powered tool went from zero to a million users in just five days! Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies.
The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic.
“We have a lot of information on the internet, but you normally have to Google it, then read it and then do something with it,” says Ricardo, chief science officer and co-founder of AI company Erudit. “Now you’ll have this resource that can process the whole internet and all of the information it contains for you to answer your question.”
ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result, the AI tool works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds. Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021. Hence, it cannot be relied upon for anything that happened after that.
Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems. It can translate long texts into different languages, create content on almost any topic, and even summarize books.
However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom. It could also be used to teach students difficult science or math concepts. But other educators think ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat. They fear this will prevent them from building critical thinking and problem-solving skills. As a result, many districts are starting to ban its use in schools.
1．What is the unique feature of ChatGPT
A．It has artificial intelligence. B．It can answer users’ questions.
C．It has the largest number of users. D．It can engage in meaningful conversations.
2．What makes ChatGPT helpful to research various topics
A．Its capability of information processing. B．Its accurate information.
C．Its availability of up-to-date data. D．Its vast body of questions.
3．Why do ChatGPT users have to be cautious when using it
A．ChatGPT is unable to think itself. B．ChatGPT lacks creativity.
C．ChatGPT offers illogical information. D．ChatGPT is not properly trained.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT
A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Objective. D．Intolerant.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能ChatGPT，介绍了其特点、存在的问题以及人们对ChatGPT的看法。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies.(它对用户问题提供深入解答的能力甚至引起了知名科技公司的注意)”以及第二段中“The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense.(这个智能机器人能理解用户所说或键入的内容，然后以合理的方式做出回应)”可知，ChatGPT的独特之处是它可以参与有意义的对话。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic.(这个智能机器人能理解用户所说或键入的内容，然后以合理的方式做出回应。它的大量知识来自互联网和存档书籍。它由人类进一步训练。这使得ChatGPT成为研究几乎任何主题的有用工具)”可知，信息处理能力使ChatGPT有助于研究各种主题。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result, the AI tool works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds. Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021.(ChatGPT不能独立思考。这取决于它所接受的训练信息。因此，人工智能工具可以很好地处理有准确数据的事情。然而，当不确定时，ChatGPT可能会变得有创意，并给出不正确的回答。OpenAI提醒用户，无论这些信息听起来多么符合逻辑，都要检查。此外，ChatGPT的信息培训只进行到2021年)”可知，ChatGPT用户在使用时必须谨慎因为ChatGPT本身无法思考。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段“ChatGPT cannot think on its own.(ChatGPT不能独立思考)”；第五段“Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems. (专家认为ChatGPT在解决现实问题方面具有无限潜力)”以及最后一段“However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. (然而，教育工作者对ChatGPT的反应不一)”可推知，作者主要列举了其他人对ChatGPT的看法，没有提到自己对ChatGPT的态度，故对ChatGPT是客观态度。故选C。
（2023·浙江杭州·统考二模）Kenya has been at the forefront (前沿) of the global war on plastic since the government banned single-use plastics in protected areas in June 2020. Unfortunately, the preventive measures have barely received attention. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer waste continue to get dumped into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unsightly plastic heaps will soon be transformed into colorful bricks.
The materials engineer’s seeking to find a practical solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to convince a partner to help build the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not give up.
She says, “I wanted to use my education to handle plastic waste pollution. But I was very clear that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by channeling the waste into the construction space and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.” Her company produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled.
The collected plastic is mixed with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed (压缩) into bricks that vary in color and thickness. The resulting product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks. More importantly, it helps repurpose the lowest quality of plastic. “There is that waste they cannot process anymore; they cannot recycle. That is what we get.” Matee says.
Matee is not nearly done. Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, the more we created more employment for the youth.”
5．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 imply
A．Matee’s method can be effective if adopted. B．Matee’s idea has been widely accepted.
C．Colorful bricks are in huge demand. D．Plastic waste hasn’t attracted enough attention.
6．Which of the following can best describe Nzambi Matee
A．Generous and ambitious. B．Confident and grateful.
C．Creative and resolved. D．Optimistic and modest.
7．What is Nzambi Matee’s ultimate purpose in using a mix of plastic products
A．to build cheaper houses. B．to support the government.
C．to create job opportunities. D．to tackle plastic pollution.
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Kenya: Pioneer in Banning Plastic Single-use Plastics
B．Nzambi Matee: Innovator in Solving Plastic Waste
C．Mix of Plastic Products: A New Construction Material
D．Plastic Recycling: A Creative Solution to Pollution
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了材料工程师Nzambi Matee通过自己的努力，创造性地解决塑料垃圾污染的问题。
5．词义猜测题。根据划线句子前的however可知，该句话的意思与划线句子前的内容为转折关系，根据划线句子前的“Unfortunately, the preventive measures have barely received attention. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer waste continue to get dumped into landfills daily.(不幸的是，预防措施几乎没有受到重视。每天仍有数百吨工业和消费聚合物废物被倾倒到垃圾填埋场。)”可知，政府的一些治理塑料污染的预防措施几乎没有取得实质的效果，大量的垃圾仍然被倒进垃圾填埋场，由此可知，划线句子的意思与此相反，应为“如果Matee的方法被采用可能会有效”。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not give up.(但这位坚定的生态企业家对她的想法充满信心，并没有放弃。)”可知Matee对自己的想法绝不会放弃，说明她很有决心，根据第三段中的“The best way to do this was by channeling the waste into the construction space and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.(最好的方法是将废物引导到建筑空间中，并找到最有效和最实惠的材料来建造房屋。)”可知，她认为最好的方法是将废物引入建筑空间，这种想法很有创造性，由以上内容可知，Matee是一个有创造性且有决心的人。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She says, “I wanted to use my education to handle plastic waste pollution...The pavers are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled.( 她说: “我想用我的教育来处理塑料垃圾污染……摊铺机由不能再加工或回收的塑料产品混合制成。)”可知，将塑料产品的混合物做成了铺路砖最终目的是为了解决塑料污染问题。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“The materials engineer’s seeking to find a practical solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017.(这位材料工程师从2017年开始寻找控制塑料污染的实用解决方案。)”可知，材料工程师Nzambi Matee寻求使用的方法来解决塑料垃圾污染问题，以及第三段中的“She says, “I wanted to use my education to handle plastic waste pollution. But I was very clear that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by channeling the waste into the construction space and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.”(她说：“我想利用我的教育来处理塑料垃圾污染。但我非常清楚，解决方案必须是实用的、可持续的和负担得起的。最好的方法是将废物引导到建筑空间中，并找到最有效和最实惠的材料来建造房屋。”)”可知，她认为解决问题的方法必须是具备实用性，持续性以及负担得起，她提出了将塑料垃圾转换成建筑空间之中的想法，并结合全文可知，本文的标题是“Nzambi Matee：解决塑料垃圾污染问题的创新者”符合文章主题。故选B项。
（2023·浙江杭州·统考二模）A British woman, Dr. Mantri, growing up in India started to notice his son, Dhruv, was struggling with simple arithmetic when he was in fifth-grade. After noticing this, she started employing an abacus (算盘) to help her son visually comprehend mathematics.
“I would ask him something like 35 minus 13 and he couldn’t do it.” said Dhruv’s mom Dr. Mantri. “I decided to change the way he looked at numbers,” she said. “An abacus is a tried and tested method, and the Egyptians used them for building the pyramid.” In just six days he started to show progress with the abacus and would go on to become a whizz kid with numbers, with even his classmates’ parents reaching out for help.
She never thought she would teach her son using an abacus, which she used as a child in India and it was always helpful. Within six days she started to notice a difference and see results. So dramatic was the turnaround, that school staff asked him to perform with the abacus at an assembly, where some parents even came to ask for advice on using it for their kids.
IT specialist Dr. Mantri said the humble abacus can be used for calculations into the trillions and kids enjoy learning on it because it’s like a game. “It becomes a playing tool for younger children, for it feels like a game. I think the success comes because children can touch and feel an abacus and visualize them.” She added.
By the age of 12, Dhruv was giving online cyber security seminars and is now pursuing a career in data science and analytics. Dhruv has now landed an apprenticeship (实习) at an international firm. During the four-year apprenticeship, he will spend one day a week studying Data Science and Artificial Intelligence at Glasgow Caledonian University. “He is so confident now and I am so proud,” she said, with Dhruv adding “I don’t think my teachers would have guessed that I would be following a career in data science at that time.”
9．Why did Dhruv have difficulty in learning mathematics
A．He was faced with language barrier. B．He didn’t find a proper way.
C．He suffered from eyesight problems. D．He lacked academic support from the family.
10．What does the underlined word “whizz” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Careful. B．Diligent. C．Outstanding. D．Struggling.
11．Why do kids like learning on abacus according to the text
A．They find it appealing. B．They can calculate faster.
C．They enjoy playing games. D．They are eager for success.
12．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Dhruv was addicted to the internet at 12.
B．Dhruv is teaching data science and analytics now.
C．Dhruv is a full-time student at Glasgow Caledonian University.
D．Dhruv’s career choice was beyond his teachers’ expectation.
【答案】9．B 10．C 11．A 12．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述一位英国女性Mantri用算盘帮助不擅长数学的儿子取得进步的故事。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“After noticing this, she started employing an abacus (算盘) to help her son visually comprehend mathematics.(注意到这一点后，她开始用算盘来帮助儿子直观地理解数学)”及第二段中“In just six days he started to show progress with the abacus and would go on to become a whizz kid with numbers(在短短6天里，他开始在算盘方面取得进步，并成为了数字方面的能手)”可知，Dhruv五年级时在算术方面很吃力，他的妈妈用算盘来帮助他直观地理解数学，他取得了很大进步，由此可知一开始Dhruv在学习算术方面有困难是因为他没有找到合适的方法。故选B。
10．词义猜测题。根据画线词前“In just six days he started to show progress with the abacus(在短短6天里，他开始在算盘方面取得进步)”及后面“with even his classmates’ parents reaching out for help(甚至他同学的父母都向他求助)”可知，此处指Dhruv在使用算盘后成为了数字方面的能手，whizz意为“优秀的，出色的”。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“IT specialist Dr. Mantri said the humble abacus can be used for calculations into the trillions and kids enjoy learning on it because it’s like a game. “It becomes a playing tool for younger children, for it feels like a game. I think the success comes because children can touch and feel an abacus and visualize them.” She added.( IT专家Mantri博士说，简单的算盘可以用来计算万亿，孩子们喜欢学习它，因为它就像一个游戏。‘对于年幼的孩子来说，它变成了一个游戏工具，因为它感觉像一个游戏。我认为成功的原因在于孩子们可以触摸和感觉算盘，并将其形象化。’她补充道)”可知，孩子喜欢用算盘学习是因为它就像一个游戏，对孩子来说有吸引力。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I don’t think my teachers would have guessed that I would be following a career in data science at that time.(我认为我的老师当时不会想到我会从事数据科学的职业)”可知，Dhruv的职业选择超出了老师的预期。故选D。
（2023·浙江杭州·统考二模）Science and Technology Camp
Full-day camp for students aged 12-14
Four-week program July 5-30 | Monday-Friday, 9 am to 4 pm
Week 1 | July 5-9
Week 2 | July 12-16
Week 3 | July 19-23
Week 4 | July 26-30
Registration begins June 1, 2023 — register for minimum two weeks.
Fees: $75 registration fee. $795 per week. Full payment must be made at time of registration.
The deadline for the cancellation to receive a full refund is June 15, 2023.
Camp Structure
Camp days are comprised of eight sessions with two sessions per day while the final day of the week is reserved for overviews and reflection. The morning sessions begin at 9 am to 12 pm followed by one hour for lunch. (Campers should bring their lunches.) Afternoon sessions are scheduled from 1 pm to 4 pm with 15-minute breaks midway through each session. Snacks are provided at break time. (Food allergies should be reported at the time of registration.)
Camp Content
Science and Technology camp above all emphasizes entertainment while teaching students about how websites are designed using various coding languages, rocket design, practical applications of math and physics, and how to build your own hydraulics system.
Camp Personnel
The camp is headed by the husband-and-wife team of Doctors James and Sophie Clark who are experts in the fields of computer science and mechanical engineering. Our mission is to make sure everyone feels fully supported and excited to be here.
13．What is the lowest cost of attending the Science and Technology camp
A．$75. B．$795. C．$1590. D．$1665.
14．What is the main emphasis of Science and Technology camp
A．Rocket science. B．Fun in learning. C．Coding language. D．Hands-on experiences.
15．Who are the camp leaders
A．Mechanical engineers. B．Medical doctors. C．A married couple. D．Computer technicians.
【答案】13．D 14．B 15．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了一个科技夏令营的相关信息。
13．细节理解题。根据文章中“Registration begins June 1, 2023 — register for minimum two weeks.(注册开始于2023年6月1日——最少注册两周)”以及“Fees: $75 registration fee. $795 per week. Full payment must be made at time of registration.(费用：75美元注册费。每周795美元。报名时须缴付全部费用)”可知，注册费75美元，每周795美元，最少注册两周，故参加科技夏令营最低花费为75+795×2=1665美元。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据Camp Content部分“Science and Technology camp above all emphasizes entertainment while teaching students about how websites are designed …(科技夏令营首先强调娱乐性，同时教学生如何使用设计网站……)”可知，该夏令营主要强调寓教于乐。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The camp is headed by the husband-and-wife team of Doctors James and Sophie Clark who are experts in the fields of computer science and mechanical engineering.(该夏令营由James Clark博士和Sophie Clark博士夫妇领导，他们是计算机科学和机械工程领域的专家)”可知，夏令营的领导是一对夫妇。故选C。
（2023·浙江温州·统考二模）Water poisoning is caused by too much consumption of water during a short period of time. Water in and of itself is not poisonous by any means, but rapid intake of a large quantity of water can break the careful balance of sodium(钠)in the body fluids(体液). This contributes to a swelling of the cells, often in the central nervous system, including the brain.
When the cells can no longer bear the pressure, they can begin to die. This is indicated in serious forms of water poisoning. Symptoms of this condition include vomiting, headache and unresponsiveness. When the sodium in the blood falls to dangerous levels, brain damage and possibly death may occur.
What is a fatal(致命的)amount of water can vary from person to person, depending on one’s state of health, his or her physical activity at the time, the temperature and the amount of time in which the person consumes the water. For some, a one-time consumption of three liters can prove deadly. Although the person consuming the water may lose a lot of fluid during heavy labor or exercise, the electrolytes(电解质)are not replaced fast enough to avoid water poisoning.
Those particularly at risk for water poisoning are athletes engaged in long distance running like a marathon. Due to the need to replace large quantities of lost fluid, runners must drink a lot of water. This can lead to poisoning, so runners must replace their fluids with sports drinks that have added electrolytes. Other factors that contribute to water poisoning include activities that stimulate heavy sweating. The person working under extreme heat or intense humidity(湿气)must be careful when consuming water in order to maintain electrolyte balance. Mental diseases can also lead to water poisoning. Psychogenic polydipsia is a condition in which the affected person feels a need to drink a lot of water for unknown reasons.
16．What harm does water poisoning bring
A．It can affect brain function. B．It disturbs the balance of sodium
C．It causes a drop in blood pressure. D．It tends to make its victims nervous.
17．What can we know about proper amount of water to drink
A．Three liters per day is deadly. B．No single rule fits everyone.
C．It doesn’t bother healthy people. D．Physical activity is its decisive factor.
18．Who would probably fall victim to water poisoning
A．A patient suffering from stomachache.
B．A laborer working with heavy sweating
C．An athlete fond of drinking sports drinks.
D．A teenager doing appropriate exercise daily.
19．What might be discussed in the paragraph that follows
A．What has been found about sports drinks.
B．What else contributes to water poisoning.
C．What are the symptoms of water poisoning.
D．What can be done to avoid water poisoning.
【答案】16．A 17．B 18．B 19．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了水中毒的危害、致病原因、致病人群以及如何避免水中毒。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“This contributes to a swelling of the cells, often in the central nervous system, including the brain. (这会导致细胞肿胀，通常在中枢神经系统，包括大脑。)”根据第二段“When the sodium in the blood falls to dangerous levels, brain damage and possibly death may occur.”（当血液中的钠降至危险水平时，可能会发生脑损伤，甚至死亡。）可知，水中毒会影响中枢神经系统，即影响大脑的功能。故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“What is a fatal(致命的)amount of water can vary from person to person, depending on one’s state of health, his or her physical activity at the time, the temperature and the amount of time in which the person consumes the water.(什么是致命的水量可能因人而异，具体取决于一个人的健康状况、他或她当时的身体活动、温度和人消耗水的时间。)”可知，合适的饮水量是没有一定的规律的，因人而异，故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Other factors that contribute to water poisoning include activities that stimulate heavy sweating. The person working under extreme heat or intense humidity(湿气)must be careful when consuming water in order to maintain electrolyte balance. (导致水中毒的其他因素包括刺激大量出汗的活动。在极端高温或强湿下工作的人在饮水时必须小心，以保持电解质平衡。)”可知，搬运工等剧烈出汗的人比较容易患上水中毒，故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Those particularly at risk for water poisoning are athletes engaged in long distance running like a marathon. (那些特别容易发生水中毒的人是像马拉松一样进行长跑的运动员。)”以及“Mental diseases can also lead to water poisoning. Psychogenic polydipsia is a condition in which the affected person feels a need to drink a lot of water for unknown reasons. (精神疾病也会导致水中毒。精神性多饮症是指受影响的人因未知原因感到需要大量饮水的情况。)”可知推断接下来文章会讨论的是如何避免水中毒，故选D。
（2023·浙江温州·统考二模）In 1986, I watched my first soccer match on my parents’ big box television. I was six, and ever since then, I have dreamed of attending the World Cup.
This year, I traveled to Brazil to make my dream a reality. The first match I attended was between Australia and Spain. Within minutes of walking into the stadium, I found myself surrounded by the excited fans, talking and cheering together. Unlike what one normally sees on the news, this match was mainly peaceful except for one fight. When the fight started, the whole section began chanting(呼喊)with one voice, asking those fighting to stop. When they didn’t, the rabble-rousers were sent out by security guards minutes later.
What struck me about the games I attended was the sense of camaraderie. I met soccer fans from different countries. Sometimes we were cheering for the same team and sometimes for opposite teams, but that didn’t stop us from becoming friends. The stands were not divided between teams, and the interaction was often spirit-lifting.
I also watched the game in Sao Paulo that ousted(淘汰)Brazil from the World Cup. I was with friends at a large bar which hosted a mix of Brazilian and German supporters. As Germany scored one goal after another, the sadness and even tears were visible on the faces of Brazilians. But German fans came to the Brazilians to comfort them and apologize that the game was ending with such a big gap. Everyone was hoping for a good match.
What I love about the World Cup is that it provides a chance for people to learn about other countries and cultures. People learn about the countries of the teams they support and about their opponents’ history and culture. Soccer is a game that not only gives people the chance to learn about each other but also has the potential to unite people.
Sports can be a dividing force, but the true spirit of sports is about unity and fun. The matches at this World Cup have been exactly that so far, and I hope it remains so.
20．What does the underlined word “rabble-rousers” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．The injured players. B．The fighting fans
C．The excited viewers. D．The security guards
21．What impressed the author most about the games that he attended
A．The chanting fans. B．The peaceful atmosphere.
C．The warm friendship. D．The players’ performance.
22．Why did the author mention his bar experience
A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a point.
C．To solve a problem. D．To make a comparison.
23．What is mainly conveyed in the passage
A．Fans’ support counts in sports. B．The World Cup is worth attending.
C．Sports bring the world together. D．Sports are about cultural exchange.
【答案】20．B 21．C 22．B 23．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议。文章主要叙述了作者参加世界杯的经历，包括亲眼所见的现场情况以及自己的感受，通过这些经历来说明体育运动可以团结人们，避免文化差异产生的隔阂，达到文化交流的效果。
20．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中“Unlike what one normally sees on the news, this match was mainly peaceful except for one fight. (与新闻上通常看到的不同，这场比赛主要是和平的，除了一场斗殴。)”及“When the fight started, the whole section began chanting(呼喊)with one voice, asking those fighting to stop. (打架开始时，整个看台开始异口同声地高呼，要求斗殴者停止)”及结合划线句子“When they didn’t, the rabble-rousers were sent out by security guards minutes later. (当他们没有这样做时，……在几分钟后被保安人员送出去。)”可知，观众呼喊打架停止，打架者没有听，被保安带了出去，因此推测rabble-rousers的意思为打架的粉丝，故选B。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段中“What struck me about the games I attended was the sense of camaraderie. I met soccer fans from different countries. Sometimes we were cheering for the same team and sometimes for opposite teams, but that didn’t stop us from becoming friends. (我参加的比赛让我印象深刻的是友情。我遇到了来自不同国家的足球迷。有时我们为同一支球队欢呼，有时为对立的球队欢呼，但这并没有阻止我们成为朋友。)”可知，让作者印象深刻的是热情的友谊。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段中“I was with friends at a large bar which hosted a mix of Brazilian and German supporters. As Germany scored one goal after another, the sadness and even tears were visible on the faces of Brazilians. But German fans came to the Brazilians to comfort them and apologize that the game was ending with such a big gap. Everyone was hoping for a good match. (我和朋友在一个大酒吧，那里有巴西和德国的支持者。当德国队一个接一个地进球时，巴西人脸上可以看到悲伤甚至泪水。但德国球迷来到巴西人面前安慰他们，并为比赛以如此大的差距结束而道歉。每个人都希望有一场精彩的比赛。)”及第五段“What I love about the World Cup is that it provides a chance for people to learn about other countries and cultures. (我喜欢世界杯的原因是它为人们提供了一个了解其他国家和文化的机会。)”可知，作者提到自己酒吧的经历是为了说明一点，即运动可以团结不同国家和文化背景的人们。故选B。
23．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了作者在巴西参加世界杯的经历，以及体育运动有可能让来自不同国家和文化背景的人团结在一起。根据第五段中“People learn about the countries of the teams they support and about their opponents’ history and culture. Soccer is a game that not only gives people the chance to learn about each other but also has the potential to unite people.(人们了解他们支持的球队的国家以及对手的历史和文化。足球是一项不仅让人们有机会相互了解，而且还有可能团结人们的游戏。)”以及第六段“Sports can be a dividing force, but the true spirit of sports is about unity and fun. The matches at this World Cup have been exactly that so far, and I hope it remains so. (体育可以是一种分开的力量，但真正的体育精神是团结和乐趣。到目前为止，本届世界杯的比赛就是这样，我希望它能继续保持下去。)”,再结合作者分享了来自不同团队的球迷之间的和睦互动及合作，强调了体育运动可以促进文化交流，让人们了解其他国家和文化，可推断，文章揭示了体育运动尽管偶尔会出现冲突，但最主要的还是将全世界人民团结在一起，促进文化交流与理解。故选C。
（2023·浙江温州·统考二模）Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive(互相排斥)career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is resurging(再现)among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings.
“Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world,” says Sam Illingworth, a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia. Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field.
Stephany Mazon, a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, joined one of Illingworth’s workshops. In the workshop, she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-long poem, which spotlighted water, a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects. “It was a lot of fun, and surprisingly easy to write the poem,” Mazon says. She plans to continue writing. “We do a disservice(伤害)to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be used to communicate scientific ideas,” Mazon says.
That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. “Actually, when science communication involves writing and sharing poems, it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts,” he says. Scientist-poet Manjula Silva, an educator at Imperial College London, agrees. Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand, Silva says.
Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others. The distinction between scientists and poets is less than people might think. We’re all just people with-hopefully-really interesting things to say and to share.
24．What is the purpose of mentioning the celebrities in paragraph 1
A．To display they were talented.
B．To confirm they were out of favor.
C．To encourage different career paths.
D．To show poetry and science can be combined.
25．What are Illingworth’s workshops aimed to do
A．Promote a new science-poetry journal.
B．Inspire outsiders to pursue their careers in science.
C．Encourage science communication through poems
D．Get scientists to exchange ideas about the latest research.
26．What does Illingworth think of the dominant ways of science communication
A．Conventional. B．Effective. C．Innovative D．Complex.
27．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Scientists Take on Poetry
B．Scientists and Poets Think Alike
C．Poetry: A Great Tool to Question the World
D．Science Communication: A Two-way Dialogue
【答案】24．D 25．C 26．A 27．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家和诗人之间的联系。文章提到了一些名人，以显示诗歌和科学并不总是被认为是互相排斥的职业道路。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is resurging(再现)among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings. (数学家Ada Lovelace和物理学家James Clerk Maxwell都是有成就的诗人。诗人约翰济慈是一名有执照的外科医生。将这两种做法结合起来在 19世纪失宠。但是，将研究翻译成歌词、俳句和其他诗歌形式正在科学家中重新兴起，因为他们正在寻找替代方法来用他们的发现激励他人。)”可知，原文中提到了传统观念中的诗人和科学家不同，但也提到了历史上有一些科学家也具有诗人才华。提到这些历史人物的目的是表明诗歌和科学是可以相结合的，故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field. (通过研讨会和一本名为Consilience的新科学诗歌期刊，伊林沃思正在帮助科学家将他们的最新成果转化为诗歌，以吸引他们所在科学领域以外的人的欣赏。)”可知，伊林沃思的研讨会旨在鼓励通过诗歌进行科学交流。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. (Illingworth也赞同这一观点，他认为科学传播计划往往被公开讲座和不干涉的PowerPoint幻灯片所主导。)”可知，伊林沃思认为，科学交流倡议往往被公开讲座的幻灯片所主导，这是一种老套的方式。故选A。
27．主旨大意题。文中提到了一些历史人物，如数学家 Ada Lovelace 和物理学家James Clerk Maxwell 都是杰出的诗人，说明诗歌和科学在过去并不是相互排斥的领域。但是在19世纪，将两种领域结合起来的做法逐渐没落。现在，随着科学家们在寻找更多向外部人员灌输科研成果的方法，将研究成果转化为诗歌、俳句等文学形式的做法再次流行起来。文章介绍了Sam Illingworth学者和诗人的身份交替和新的科学诗歌杂志 Consilience，以及他如何鼓励科学家们将自己的成果转化为韵文和诗歌，从而向更广泛的受众灌输他们的最新研究成果。此外，文章也引用了科学家Manjula Silva的观点，认为诗歌为将复杂的科学概念转化为大家都可以理解的语言提供了方便，综上，文章主要强调科学家开始研究诗歌（通过石刻的形式传播科学）。故选A。
（2023·浙江温州·统考二模）It’s not easy to find a job. Many jobs have age or experience requirements that you might not meet. On top of that, you need to juggle(应付)schoolwork, extracurriculars, and your social life. Fortunately, there are still some good jobs for you to start gaining working experience.
Tutor
Straight-A student Then a job as a tutor(家庭教师)might be the best option for you. Helping younger students with their homework is a great way to put what you’ve studied to good use and make some extra money. One of the easiest ways to show that you’re qualified to teach other students is by listing your GPA(Grade Point Average) on your tutor resume.
Dog Walker
Love dogs Then a position as a dog walker is the perfect fit for you. Dog walking requires no work experience and has flexible hours. However, you may need to do some shadowing or an interview before people trust you with their pets.
Delivery Driver
If you’re 16+ years old and have a driver’s license, you could try working as a delivery driver. Driving is a great way to gain relevant experience and show future employers that you’re responsible and work well under pressure.
Call Center Representative
If you don’t mind talking on the phone, then a job as a call center worker is a good choice for you. Working as a call center representative can even teach you some useful customer service skills that will help your career later on. To land a job at a call center, highlight your customer service and interpersonal skills on your resume.
28．Who are the passage intended for
A．Parents. B．Teachers. C．Students. D．Employers.
29．What qualifies you as a tutor
A．Relevant experience. B．Timely homework completion.
C．Flexible time schedule. D．Impressive academic performance.
30．Which job requires good social skills
A．Tutor. B．Dog walker.
C．Delivery driver. D．Call center representative.
【答案】28．C 29．D 30．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几种学生可以从事的工作。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“On top of that, you need to juggle(应付)schoolwork, extracurriculars, and your social life.”（除此之外，你还需要兼顾学业、课外活动，还有你的社交生活。）可知，这篇文章针对的对象是学生。故选C项.
29．推理判断题。根据第二段“One of the easiest ways to show that you’re qualified to teach other students is by listing your GPA(Grade Point Average) on your tutor resume.”（最简单的一种方式表明你是有资格教其他的学生就是在你的导师简历上列出你的平均成绩点。）可知，作为有家教的资格的最容易的方式就是出示你的成绩，说明令人印象深刻的学术表现是你有做家教的资格的方式。故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To land a job at a call center, highlight your customer service and interpersonal skills on your resume.”（想在呼叫中心找到工作，在简历上突出你的客户服务能力还有人际交往能力。）可知，人际交往能力和客户服务能力属于社交技巧，推断出需要良好社交技巧的工作是客服代表。故选D项。
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）Earliest Record
The earliest written evidence of a soccer-like game comes from China. During the second and third centuries B．C．, Chinese soldiers took part in an activity that involved kicking a ball into a small net. Historians think the game was a skill-building exercise for the soldiers.
Years of Development
In ancient Greece and Rome, teams of up to 27 players played a soccer-type game. In Britain hundreds of years later, during the thirteenth century A．D．, whole villages played against each other. With hundreds of people playing, these games were both long and rough. Kicking, punching, and biting were common and allowed.
In 1331, English King Edward II passed a law in an attempt to put a stop to the popular but violent game. The king of Scotland spoke against the game a hundred years later. Queen Elizabeth I, during the late 1500s, passed a law that called for a week of jail for anyone caught playing “football”, or soccer, as we call it. But the game could not be stopped.
The Modern Game Emerges
Two hundred and fifty years later, people in Britain were still playing a game we would recognize as soccer. A well-known English college Eton developed a set of rules in 1815. A number of other colleges soon agreed to use the same rules, and those schools played against each other. Finally, 50 years later, a formal association was formed to oversee the playing of the game and its rules. In 1869, a rule against handling the ball with the hands transformed the game into the sport of soccer that is wildly popular all around the world.
31．What do historians think that soccer might have started out as
A．A leisure activity. B．A political issue.
C．A skill-building activity. D．A military strategy.
32．According to the text, which emperor was not against soccer
A．English King Edward III. B．The king of Scotland.
C．Queen Elizabeth I. D．The Roman Emperor.
33．What was the author’s purpose for writing this article
A．To share and reflect on playing soccer. B．To advocate the exercise of soccer.
C．To introduce the history of soccer. D．To suggest new ways of playing soccer.
【答案】31．C 32．D 33．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了足球的历史。
31．细节理解题。根据Earliest Record中的“Historians think the game was a skill-building exercise for the soldiers. (历史学家认为，这种游戏是士兵们锻炼技能的一种锻炼。)”可知，历史学家认为足球的起源是一种技能培养活动。故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据Years of Development中的“In ancient Greece and Rome, teams of up to 27 players played a soccer-type game. (在古希腊和罗马，最多27人组成的球队进行一种类似足球的比赛。)”和“In1331, English King Edward II passed a law in an attempt to put a stop to the popular but violent game. The king of Scotland spoke against the game a hundred years later. Queen Elizabeth I, during the late1500s, passed a law that called for a week of jail for anyone caught playing “football”, or soccer, as we call it.( 1331年，英国国王爱德华二世通过了一项法律，试图制止这种流行但暴力的游戏。一百年后，苏格兰国王公开反对这项运动。在16世纪晚期，伊丽莎白女王一世通过了一项法律，规定任何被抓到玩“足球”或我们称之为“足球”的人将被监禁一周。)”可知，罗马皇帝不反对足球。故选D。
33．推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了足球最早的记录、多年的发展和现代游戏方式的出现。所以可以推断作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍足球的历史。故选C。
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）A walk around the workplace is also a trip back in time. The office is where colleagues meet, work and bond. But it is also a time capsule, a place where the traces of historic patterns of working are visible everywhere. The pandemic has heightened this sense of office as a dig site for corporate archaeologists.
The most obvious object is the landline phone(固定电话), a reminder of the days when mobility meant being able to stand up and keep talking. Long after people have junked them in their personal lives - less than 15% of Americans aged between 25 and 34 had one at home in the second half of 2021- landline phones survive in offices.
There might be good reasons for its persistence: they offer a more secure and stable connection than mobile phones, and no one worries that they are about to run out of battery. In practice, the habit of using them was definitely lost during the pandemic. Now they sit on desk after desk, rows of buttons unpressed, ring tones unheard.
Landline phones were already well on their way out before covid-19 struck. Whiteboard charts have suffered a swifter reverse. These objects signal a particular type of pain- people physically crowded together into a room while a manager sketches a graph with a marker pen and points meaningfully to the top-right-hand corner, giving requirements never to be satisfied. This manager is still making graphs but is now much more likely to use a PowerPoint. The crowd is still being tortured but is now much more likely to be watching on the screen. The office still has whiteboards, but they are left in corners and the charts on them are slowly yellowing.
Real archaeologists need tools and time to do their painstaking work: brushes, shovels and picks. Corporate archaeology is easier: you just need eyes and a memory of how things used to be. But you also need to be quick as more and more work places are revamped for the post-pandemic era. Now its time to take a careful look around the office: you may see something that will soon seem outdated.
34．Why does the author refer to the office as a time capsule
A．You can travel back in time in the office.
B．You can dig out what has been buried for years in the office.
C．You can easily find some old-fashioned practices in the office.
D．You can work with archaeologists to study the history in the office.
35．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 and 4
A．Whiteboard charts went useless due to new technologies.
B．More employees prefer online meetings to physical gatherings.
C．Landline phones still exist in offices because they don’t need batteries.
D．Many employees show a negative attitude to some routine work in companies.
36．What does the underlined word “revamped” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Transformed. B．Abandoned.
C．Discovered. D．Reserved.
37．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．The Impact of Pandemic on Workplace B．The Archaeology of the Office
C．Why Landline Phones Went Outdated D．The History of Old-fashioned Objects
【答案】34．C 35．D 36．A 37．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在经历了疫情之后，办公室也有了很大的变化，作者借办公室考古为名，讲解了办公室的几个变化。
34．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But it is also a time capsule, a place where the traces of historic patterns of working are visible everywhere.(但它也是一个时间胶囊，一个随处可见历史工作模式痕迹的地方。)”可知，作者认为办公室是一个时间胶囊是因为在办公室可以看到一些过时的办公模式。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据第四段“These objects signal a particular type of pain- people physically crowded together into a room while a manager sketches a graph with a marker pen and points meaningfully to the top-right-hand corner, giving requirements never to be satisfied. This manager is still making graphs but is now much more likely to use a PowerPoint. The crowd is still being tortured but is now much more likely to be watching on the screen. The office still has whiteboards, but they are left in corners and the charts on them are slowly yellowing.(这些物品标志着一种特殊类型的痛苦——人们挤在一个房间里，经理用记号笔勾勒出一张图表，意味深长地指向右上角，提出永远无法满足的要求。这位经理仍在制作图表，但现在更有可能使用PowerPoint。人们仍在遭受折磨，但现在更有可能在屏幕上观看。办公室里还有白板，但都放在角落里了，上面的图表也慢慢变黄了。)”可推断，很多员工对于公司的一些日常事务很厌恶，故选D。
36．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前一句“But you also need to be quick(但你也需要迅速行动)”可知，作者认为读者也应该迅速行动，由此可以判断，越来越多的工作场所也有了变化。选项A“Transformed. (转变)”；选项B“Abandoned. (放弃)”；选项C“Discovered. (发现)”；选项D“Reserved. (保留、预定)”。故选A。
37．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The office is where colleagues meet, work and bond. But it is also a time capsule, a place where the traces of historic patterns of working are visible everywhere. The pandemic has heightened this sense of office as a dig site for corporate archaeologists. (办公室是同事们见面、工作和交流的地方。但它也是一个时间胶囊，一个随处可见历史工作模式痕迹的地方。新冠疫情加剧了这种办公室作为企业考古学家挖掘场所的感觉。)”以及下文内容“The most obvious object is the landline phone(固定电话), a reminder of the days when mobility meant being able to stand up and keep talking. (最明显的目标是固定电话，它提醒着人们，移动意味着能够站起来继续说话。)”、“Whiteboard charts have suffered a swifter reverse. (白板图表遭遇了更快的逆转。)”可知，文章主要讲述了办公室经历了巨大的变化，让企业家们仿佛在考古。所以“The Archaeology of the Office(办公室考古)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）Jonathan the tortoise, the world’s oldest land animal, turned 190 over the weekend on the island of St. Helena, where he enjoyed a “cake” of seasonal fruits, leafy greens and vegetables, including carrots carved into the number “190”.
Jonathan was brought to St.Helena from the Seychelles in 1882 as a gift. According to Guinness World Records, Jonathan surpassed the previous record holder, Tu’i Malila, who lived in the 1770s until 1965and could be even older. He arrived in St.Helena as a fully mature tortoise, meaning he was at least 50 in 1882.
“The vet is still feeding him by hand once a week to boost his calories, vitamins, minerals and trace elements, as he is blind and has no sense of smell. His hearing though is excellent and he loves the company of humans, and responds well to his vet Joe Hollins’ voice as he associates him with a feast, Guinness World Records said.
“The tortoise enjoys the sun but on very hot days takes to the shade. On mild days, he will sunbathe his long neck and legs stretched fully out of his shell to absorb heat and transfer it to his core,” according to Hollins. When it’s cold, Jonathan has been known to “dig himself into leaf mold or grass cuttings and remain there all day.”
In most cases, the lifespan of a tortoise or turtle depends on the species and level of care they receive. They generally live much longer in captivity than in the wild, because in the wild, they must find their own food in addition to evading predators while not getting medical treatment. Larger turtle and tortoise species also tend to live longer than their smaller counterparts. For more information about animal record holders, click here.
38．When might Jonathan be born
A．In 1882. B．In 1770. C．In 1965. D．In 1832.
39．Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the text
A．Jonathan had a birthday cake made of fruits, meat, and vegetables.
B．Jonathan was born and raised on the island of St. Helena.
C．Jonathan is the Guinness World holder of the oldest land animal.
D．Jonathan is a very old but healthy tortoise with full senses.
40．Which is not a reason why a tortoise in the wild has a relatively shorter lifespan
A．Species differences. B．Food shortage.
C．Lack of medical treatment. D．Animal enemies.
41．Where can we probably find this article
A．In a science fiction. B．On a news website.
C．In a travel brochure. D．In a biology textbook.
【答案】38．D 39．C 40．A 41．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了已经190岁高龄的世界上最长寿的陆生动物乔纳森的情况，并分析了野生乌龟寿命相对较短的原因。
38．细节理解题。根据第一段“Jonathan the tortoise, the world’s oldest land animal, turned 190 over the weekend on the island of St. Helena, where he enjoyed a ‘cake’ of seasonal fruits, leafy greens and vegetables, including carrots carved into the number ‘190’. (上周末，世界上最长寿的陆生动物乔纳森在圣赫勒拿岛度过了190岁的生日，他在岛上享用了一个由时令水果、绿叶蔬菜和蔬菜组成的‘蛋糕’，其中包括刻着190字样的胡萝卜)”，以及第二段最后一句“He arrived in St.Helena as a fully mature tortoise, meaning he was at least 50 in 1882. (他到达圣赫勒拿时已经是一只完全成熟的乌龟，这意味着他在1882年至少有50岁。)”可知，Jonathan可能出生于1832年。故选D项。
39．细节理解题。根据根据第一段“Jonathan the tortoise, the world’s oldest land animal, turned 190 over the weekend on the island of St. Helena, where he enjoyed a ‘cake’ of seasonal fruits, leafy greens and vegetables, including carrots carved into the number ‘190’. (上周末，世界上最长寿的陆生动物乔纳森在圣赫勒拿岛度过了190岁的生日，他在岛上享用了一个由时令水果、绿叶蔬菜和蔬菜组成的‘蛋糕’，其中包括刻着190字样的胡萝卜)”可知，Jonathan是世界上最长寿的陆生动物。故选C项。
40．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In most cases, the lifespan of a tortoise or turtle depends on the species and level of care they receive. They generally live much longer in captivity than in the wild, because in the wild, they must find their own food in addition to evading predators while not getting medical treatment. Larger turtle and tortoise species also tend to live longer than their smaller counterparts. (在大多数情况下，乌龟的寿命取决于它们所受到的照料的种类和水平。它们在圈养环境下的寿命通常比在野外要长得多，因为在野外，除了躲避捕食者，它们还必须自己寻找食物，而且得不到医疗。体型较大的海龟和陆龟也往往比体型较小的同类活得更长。)”可知，野生乌龟寿命相对较短，是因为有捕食者，还存在食物短缺，以及医疗短缺，故选A项。
41．推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“For more information about animal record holders, click here. (有关动物纪录保持者的更多信息，请点击这里。)”可知，本文应该在网站上。故选B项。
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）It is easy to be doubtful about announcements of drugs that claim to slow the progress of Alzheimers, the most common form of dementia (痴呆). A new drug called Lecanemab, however, may be the real deal. Results of a clinical trial, conducted by its makers, Eisai, of Tokyo, and Biogen, of Cambridge Massachusetts, have just been announced in the New England Journal of Medicine(November; 2022). After18 months, it had slowed the progress of symptoms by a quarter.
The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug. The others, a placebo(安慰剂). It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis(淀粉样蛋白假说) seems correct.
Amyloid is a protein which accumulates in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimers, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving the drug).That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.
This is a small first step. Some experts question whether the test used to show an improvement in symptoms is clinically meaningful because amyloid can be detected only with the help of a piece of expensive equipment, which is not something that can easily be turned into a routine program. Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants. Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.
42．What can be learned from the first two paragraphs
A．The public shows confidence in new drugs for Alzheimers.
B．All participants didn’t receive the new drug.
C．The new drug had an obvious effect on the participants.
D．It took 18 months to make the new drug.
43．The author explains the effectiveness of the new drug by _______.
A．illustrating how the drug interacts with amyloid in body
B．describing how immune-system works in detail
C．making comparisons between two groups of participants
D．quoting the comments of other scientists
44．Which of the following is a drawback of the new drug
A．It can’t be accessed easily in daily treatment.
B．It can cause some side-effects.
C．It costs too much for ordinary families.
D．It needs to be further tested before its launch.
45．What does the author think of Lecanemab
A．Reliable. B．Groundbreaking
C．Promising D．Risky.
【答案】42．B 43．A 44．B 45．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们很容易对那些宣称可以减缓阿尔茨海默氏症(老年痴呆症中最常见的一种)病情发展的药物表示怀疑。然而，一种名为Lecanemab的新药可能是真正的药物。
42．细节理解题。根据第二段“The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug The others, a placebo. It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis seems correct.”（该试验涉及1795名处于疾病早期阶段的参与者。一半人服用药物，另一半人服用安慰剂。这说明了两件事。其中之一是缓慢但可测量的进展。另一个是对阿尔茨海默症的一种解释叫做淀粉样蛋白假说似乎是正确的。）可知，我们可以从前两段中了解到并非所有参与者都服用了这种新药。故选B项。
43．细节理解题。根据第三段“Amyloid is a protein which accumulates in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimers, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving the drug). That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.”（淀粉样蛋白是阿尔茨海默氏症患者大脑中积聚的一种蛋白质，这是该疾病的一个明确迹象。Lecanemab含有一种特殊的抗体，被发现能够附着在淀粉样蛋白上，然后吸引免疫系统细胞将蛋白质清除掉(在接受该药物的患者中确实如此)。这表明淀粉样蛋白确实会直接导致与痴呆症相关的问题，而Lecanemab可以减缓疾病的发展。）可知，作者通过说明药物与体内淀粉样蛋白的相互作用来说明新药的有效性。故选A项。
44．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants.”（此外，Lecanemab还导致一些参与者大脑肿胀和出血。）可知，它会引起一些副作用是新药的缺点。故选B项。
45．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.”（既然这种新药已被证明有效，就可以进行进一步的试验了。希望很快会有更多的好消息。）可推知，作者认为Lecanemab是有希望的。故选C项。
（2023·浙江·统考模拟预测）This fall, students at the University of Massachusetts found a new menu at their canteens: the “diet for a cooler planet” menu. This meant herb-roasted lamb, raised with a carbon-friendly approach. It included sweet potatoes that had been picked from a local farm’s field. The options were plant-heavy, locally grown, and involved little or no packaging.
“We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food,” says Kathy Wicks, sustainability director for UMass Dining. The university is not alone in this effort. Increasingly, American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices impact climate change. For many, small choices at the grocery store and restaurant can be more accessible than big-ticket options like buying a fuel-efficient car.
Small changes in eating habits may make a big difference. Studies point to the food system as a significant cause of global warming. According to Project Drawdown, a research organization that evaluates climate solutions, the way food is grown, transported, and consumed accounts for about 1/4 of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions (排放). Beef is a regular target. “If, on average, Americans cut 1/4 pound of beef per week from their diet, it’s like taking 10 million cars off the road a year,” says Sujatha Bergen, director of health campaigns for the Natural Resources Defense Council. Food waste ranks third among climate solutions. While much waste occurs before consumers are involved, Americans also throw out a lot of food they have purchased: about $1,600 worth a year per family of four.
“People are beginning to understand that their food choices have a big impact on climate,” says Megan Larmer, director of regional food at the Glynwood Center for Regional Food and Farming in New York. But she adds that substantial change will need to come from the whole food system.
46．What is the purpose of the new menu at the University of Massachusetts
A．To market the cold dishes. B．To reduce the cost of packaging.
C．To raise low carbon awareness. D．To popularize the plant-heavy diet.
47．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2
A．Food choices matter much to global warming.
B．Food is a decisive factor for climate change.
C．Universities are working together in climate action.
D．Fuel-efficient cars are not affordable for consumers.
48．What does Sujatha Bergen say about beef
A．It plays a significant role in American’s diet. B．It is popular among millions of car drivers.
C．It has no relationship with gas emission. D．It has great influence on carbon reduction.
49．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Food System Reform: A Successful Trial B．Low Carbon Diet: A trend, or More
C．Carbon Emission: A Killer, or Healer D．Global Warming: An Approaching Danger
【答案】46．C 47．A 48．D 49．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可以通过选择低碳食物对气候变化做出贡献。
46．细节理解题。根据第一段“This fall, students at the University of Massachusetts found a new menu at their canteens: the “diet for a cooler planet” menu. This meant herb-roasted lamb, raised with a carbon-friendly approach. It included sweet potatoes that had been picked from a local farm’s field. The options were plant-heavy, locally grown, and involved little or no packaging.(今年秋天，马萨诸塞大学的学生们在他们的食堂里发现了一份新菜单:“为了更凉爽的星球的饮食”菜单。这意味着香草烤羊肉，以碳友好的方式饲养。其中包括从当地农场采摘的甘薯。选择是植物重，当地种植，并涉及很少或没有包装。)”和第二段中““We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food,” says Kathy Wicks, sustainability director for UMass Dining. (“我们想让学生通过选择食物来参与气候行动,”马萨诸塞大学餐饮部可持续发展主管凯西 威克斯（Kathy Wicks）表示。)”可知，马萨诸塞大学推出新菜单的目的是提高学生的低碳生活意识，故选C。
47．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Increasingly, American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices impact climate change. For many, small choices at the grocery store and restaurant can be more accessible than big-ticket options like buying a fuel-efficient car.(越来越多的美国消费者和机构正在思考他们的食物选择如何影响气候变化。对于许多人来说，在杂货店和餐馆做出的小选择比买节能汽车这样的高价选择更容易获得。)”可知，食物选择影响气候变化，比起节能汽车等昂贵的物品来说，食物选择是人们更容易做到的，由此可推知，食物选择对全球变暖意义重大。故选A。
48．细节理解题。根据第三段中Sujatha Bergen说的话“If, on average, Americans cut 1/4 pound of beef per week from their diet, it’s like taking 10 million cars off the road a year(如果美国人平均每周从饮食中减少1/4磅牛肉，那就相当于每年减少1000万辆汽车)”可知，牛肉对减少碳排放量有很大的影响。故选D。
49．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“Small changes in eating habits may make a big difference. Studies point to the food system as a significant cause of global warming.(饮食习惯的微小改变可能会带来很大的不同。研究指出，食物系统是全球变暖的一个重要原因。)”和最后一段中“People are beginning to understand that their food choices have a big impact on climate(人们开始明白，他们的食物选择对气候有很大的影响)”可知，文章主要介绍了人们可以通过选择低碳食物对气候变化做出贡献。B项“低碳饮食: 是趋势，还是更多？”适合做文章标题，故选B。
（2023·浙江·统考模拟预测）Living in a city is a well-known risk factor for developing a mental disorder, while living close to nature is largely beneficial for mental health and the brain. A central brain region, the amygdala (大脑杏仁核) involved in stress processing, has been shown to be less activated during stress in people living in rural areas, compared to those who live in cities, hinting at the potential benefits of nature. “But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions,” says Sonja Sudimac.
To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin. The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature, suggesting that nature elicits beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress.
“The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health, but this is the first study to prove the causal link. Interestingly, the brain activity after the urban walk in these regions remained stable and showed no increases, which argues against a commonly held view that urban exposure causes additional stress,” explains Simone Kühn, head of the group.
The authors show that nature has a positive impact on brain regions involved in stress processing and that it can already be observed after a one-hour walk. This contributes to the understanding of how our physical living environment affects brain and mental health. Even a short exposure to nature decreases amygdala activity, suggesting that a walk in nature could serve as a preventive measure against developing mental health problems and reducing the potentially disadvantageous impact of the city on the brain.
In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies.
50．What does the hen-and-egg problem mean by Sonja Sudimac
A．Living in rural areas actually affects brain activity.
B．People in cities tend to have a higher risk of mental problems.
C．It’s unnecessary to work out the complex issue of stress and health.
D．It’s hard to clarify the impact of living environment on mental health.
51．How did researchers collect evidence for the study
A．By quoting authoritative experts.
B．By interviewing healthy volunteers.
C．By researching on a previous theory.
D．By comparing volunteers’ amygdala activities.
52．What contribution did Simone Kühn and his team mainly make
A．Confirming the assumption of nature’s benefits to brain health.
B．Supporting a commonly held view of urban exposure.
C．Revealing the link between age and mental health.
D．Identifying the causes of mental health problems.
53．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．Benefits of a regular walk in nature.
B．The focus of the follow-up research.
C．An appeal for living in urban regions.
D．Nature’s positive effects on women and children.
【答案】50．D 51．D 52．A 53．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然对人大脑产生的影响。
50．细节理解题。根据第一段的“But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions(但是到目前为止，母鸡和蛋的问题还没有得到解决，也就是说，到底是大自然对大脑产生了影响，还是特定的个体选择生活在农村还是城市地区)”可知，Sonja Sudimac的“母鸡和鸡蛋的问题”意味着生活环境对精神健康的影响很难说清楚。故选D。
51．推理判断题。根据第二段的“To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic i