专题12 宾语从句
◆上海中考最近几年对宾语从句的考查全部体现在题型改写句子中，由直接引语改为间接引语。
1.（2022·上海中考真题） “When will we go to the VR experience center ” I asked the tour guide.（改为间接引语）
I asked the tour guide _________ we _________ go to the VR experience centre.
【答案】 ①. when ②. would
【解析】
【详解】句意：“我们什么时候去VR体验中心？”我问导游。改为间接引语，可用when引导宾语从句，从句使用陈述语序，遵循“主过从必过”原则。根据“When will we go to the VR experience center ”可知，去VR体验中心发生在将来，结合“asked”可知，主句时态是一般过去时，从句应为过去将来时，即would+动词原形。故填when；would。
2.（2021·上海中考真题）“Have you visited the National Book Expo ” Linda asked me. （改为间接引语）Linda asked me ________ I ________ visited the National Book Expo.
【答案】whether#if had
【详解】
句意：琳达问我是否参观过国家书展。此处直接引语“Have you visited the National Book Expo ”是一般疑问句，变为间接引语，用whether/if引导，直接引语是现在完成时，变为间接引语用过去完成时，故填whether/if；had。
3.（2020·上海中考真题）"Will the exhibition be held in Shanghai？" Olivia asked her secretary．（改为间接引语）
Olivia asked her secretary_____ the exhibition_____be held in Shanghai．
【答案】if would
【解析】句意：“展览会将在上海举行吗？”；Olivia问她的秘书展览是否会在上海举行。本题考查直接引语改为间接引语，直接引语是一般将来时态、一般疑问句，用if"是否"引导宾语从句，Olivia asked her secretary是一般过去时，所以间接引语用过去将来时态would+动词原形；故填if；would．
4.（2019·上海中考真题）. “Are you free to come to my place this Saturday ”Aaron asked me.（改为间接引语）
Aaron asked me______ ______free to go to his place that Saturday.
【答案】 (1). if/whether (2). was
【解析】这里是改为间接引语，从句是一般疑问句，要用疑问词if/whether来引导，主句的时态是一般过去时态，be动词用单数was。根据题意，故填if/whether was。
5.（2018·上海中考真题） “How are you getting along with your new roommate " Franklin asked me.(改为宾语从句)
Franklin asked me_____ ______was getting along with my new roommate.
【答案】how I
【解析】原句为直接引语，改为间接引语后引语中的第二人称要与主句中的宾语保持一致。而改人称在从句中又作主语，故为 how I。
6.（2017·上海中考真题）"Have you ever been in a hot air balloon？"Melissa asked her mom．（改为宾语从句）
Melissa asked her mom she ever been in a hot air balloon．
【答案】if；had
【解析】句意：﹣﹣"你曾经坐过热气球吗？"梅利莎问她妈妈．﹣﹣梅利莎问她妈妈，是否她曾经坐过热气球．考查宾语从句．直接引语为一般疑问句时，变宾语从句用if引导，意思是"是否"．直接引语是现在完成时态，宾语从句中的从句用过去完成时态，因此用助动词had．答案是if；had．
知识图表 宾语从句
连接词
1. 根据语义及语法成分确定连接词: when, where, why, whether/if, how, who, whom等。 2. 从句语法成分齐全时可用that连接，that也可省略。 1. Tom can’t decide which sweater he should buy. 2. I don’t know if/ whether my father will come back tomorrow. 3. We all know that is the right answer. 4.We all know (that) the sun rises in the east.
时态
1. 考点:句型转换 2. 如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时,宾语从句谓语动词该用哪种时态就用哪种时态。 3. 如果主句谓语动词为一般过去时,宾语从句谓语动词使用相应的过去时态. 4. 如果从句说明的是客观真理或科学事实时,不管主句是何种时态,都用一般现在时. 5. 当主句是could you…表示婉转的语气,从句的时态无需受主句的影响而发生变化 1. Do you know when we are going to Beijing 2. He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. 3. Lucy says that Lily is listening to the music. → Lucy said that Lily was listening to the music. 4. Lucy says that Lily will go home. → Lucy said that Lily would go home. 5. Lucy says that Lily gets up at six. → Lucy said that Lily got up at six. 6. Lucy says that Lily has never been to Guangzhou. → Lucy said that Lily had never been to Guangzhou. 7. The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 8. Could you tell me if it is going to rain tomorrow 9. Could you tell me whom the radio was invented by
语序
从句以特殊疑问词开头时,疑问词后语序正装 Excuse me, could you tell me where I can change money
直接引语与间接引语
1. 考点：句型转换 2. 人称变化要合逻辑 3. 时态变化要符合以上时态用法要求 1. I don’t know what I should do with the letter. = I don’t know what to do with the letter. 2. Jack’s mother asked him, “Have you packed your things ” = Jack’s mother asked him if he had packed his things. 3. She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” = She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 4. She asked me, “When do they have their dinner ” = She asked me when they had their dinner.
命题点一：宾语从句知识点在改写句子中考查
1．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）“What did you do to the poor dog ” the lady asked her son.(改宾语从句)
The lady asked her son what he ________ ________ to the poor dog.
【答案】 had done
【详解】句意：“你对这只可怜的狗做了什么？”这个女士问他的儿子。根据题干要求，可知要变为宾语从句，从句部分为“What did you do to the poor dog ”特殊疑问句，从句要用陈述语序，根据asked可知主句为一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态，且从句动作应是发生在主句动作之前，故要用过去完成时，had done，故填had；done。
2．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）Miss Evans asked Bob, “Will you join the chess club this weekend ”（改为宾语从句）
Miss Evans asked Bob ________ he ________ join the chess club that weekend.
【答案】 if##whether would
【详解】句意：埃文斯小姐问鲍勃：“这个周末你会加入国际象棋俱乐部吗？”宾语从句使用的是陈述句语序，因此原句的一般疑问句语序要用if/whether引导的宾语从句，且使用陈述句语序；主句时态是一般过去时，宾语从句要使用过去将来时would+动词原形。故填if/whether；would。
3．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）The boy said to us, “I like reading detective stories very much”. (改为间接引语)
The boy said to us ________ ________ reading detective stories very much.
【答案】 he liked
【详解】句意：男孩对我们说：“我非常喜欢看侦探小说”。原句直接引语为陈述句，可改为由that引导的宾语从句，that可省略；从句中的主语是原直接引语中的“I”，即the boy，所以用he代替；主句用一般过去时，从句也应用过去时态。故填he；liked。
4．（2022·上海宝山·九年级期中）“When will we go to the Shanghai Disneyland Park ” my friend asked me. (改为间接引语)
My friend asked me ________ we ________ go to the Shanghai Disneyland Park.
【答案】 when would
【详解】句意：“我们什么时候去上海迪斯尼乐园？”我的朋友问我。改为间接引语后属于宾语从句，从句引导词是when“什么时候”，主语是一般过去时，从句也用过去的时态，will需变为过去式would。故填when；would。
5．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）“Are you doing your homework, May ” Mother asked.(把直接引语改为间接引语)
Mother asked May ________ she ________ doing her homework.
【答案】 whether##if was
【详解】句意：“梅，你在做家庭作业吗？”母亲问。直接引语是一般疑问句，改为间接引语时，需借助whether或if连接，构成宾语从句，主句时态是一般过去时，从句需改为过去的某种时态，原句的直接引语是现在进行时，改为间接引语时需改为过去进行时；故填 whether/if；was。
6．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）Could you tell me How can I deal with all these problems (合成宾语从句)
Could you tell me how ________ ________ deal with all these problems
【答案】 I can
【详解】句意：你能告诉我吗？我该如何处理这些问题？“How can I deal with all these problems ”是特殊疑问句，根据宾语从句要用陈述句语序，应变为“How I can deal with all these problems”。故填I；can。
命题点二：宾语从句引导词
1．（2022·上海奉贤·统考二模）Could you tell me _______ my letter will be received by my friend
A．how often B．how soon C．how far D．how long
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你能告诉我我的朋友多久能收到我的信吗？
考查how引导的宾语从句。how often多久一次；how soon多久，用于一般将来时；how far多远；how long多长时间，根据“my letter will be received by my friend”以及时态是一般将来时可知，此处指朋友可以多久收到信，故选B。
2．（2022·上海徐汇·统考二模）People don’t know ________ there will be a safe system to control the advanced future robot.
A．because B．although C．until D．if
【答案】D
【详解】句意：人们不知道是否会有一个安全的系统来控制未来的先进机器人。
考查宾语从句引导词。because因为；although尽管；until直到；if如果，是否。根据“People don’t know”可知，空格处应是引导宾语从句；又结合从句“there will be a safe system to control the advanced future robot”可知，这里指不知道是否会有一个安全的系统来控制未来的先进机器人，所以用if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，故选D。
3．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—Can you tell me ________ we should go to Harbin, by train or by plane
—I think we’d better check the tickets on the Internet first.
A．when B．where C．why D．how
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我我们应该怎么去哈尔滨吗，坐火车还是乘飞机？——我认为我们最好先在网上查一下票。
考查宾语从句的引导词。when何时；where哪里；why为什么；how如何。根据“by train or by plane”可知，应该是问如何去哈尔滨，因此用疑问词how，故选D。
4．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—Dear friends, do you know ________
—By working together!
A．why we can make the China Dream B．when we can hold the China Dream
C．how we can achieve the China Dream D．what we can do with the China Dream
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——亲爱的朋友们，你们知道我们怎样才能实现中国梦吗？——一起努力！
考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，根据“By working together!”可知上文是问方式，用how引导的宾语从句，how we can achieve the China Dream“如何实现中国梦”符合，故选C。
5．（2022·上海·模拟预测）— The table tennis match is so exciting. The opposite team is really strong.
— Yes, but I never doubt ________ our team will win.
A．if B．that C．whether D．why
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——乒乓球比赛真让人兴奋。对方的队伍真的很强大。——是的，但是我从不怀疑我们队会赢。
考查宾语从句。if如果；that无意义；whether是否；why为什么。根据“...our team will win.”可知此句用that引导，无意义，不作成分。故选B。
6．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Players excitedly talk about ________ amazing the new Harry Potter-themed mobile phone game is.
A．how B．what C．what a D．what an
【答案】A
【详解】句意：玩家们兴奋地谈论着新的哈利波特主题手机游戏是多么神奇。
考查宾语从句。句子是含有宾语从句的复合句，根据“...amazing the new Harry Potter-themed mobile phone game is.”可知，从句属于感叹句句型“How+形容词+主谓”，因此用how引导从句。故选A。
7．（2022·上海虹口·统考一模）Our monitor has just gone to the gym, but I don’t know ________ he will come back.
A．how fast B．how far C．how long D．how soon
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我们班长刚去体育馆了，但我不知道他多久会回来。
考查疑问短语。how fast多快，主要对速度提问；how far多远，主要用于对距离的提问；how long多长时间，用于对一段时间提问；how soon多久之后，一般用于将来时态。根据题干“he will come back.”可知句子时态是一般将来时，故选D。
8．（2022·上海长宁·统考一模）They are eager to know ________ they may keep the book from the new library.
A．how long B．how fast C．how soon D．how often
【答案】A
【详解】句意：他们急于知道这本书能从新的图书馆借多久。
考查宾语从句。how long多久；how fast多快；how soon多久以后；how often多久一次。根据“they may keep the book from the new library”可知，想知道可以借多久的书，故选A。
9．（2021·上海嘉定·统考二模）—Could you please tell me _______ this pair of new sports shoes belongs to
—It must be Jeff’s. It’s his birthday present from his grandpa.
A．what B．who C．which D．whose
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我这双新运动鞋是谁的吗？——一定是杰夫的。这是他爷爷送给他的生日礼物。
考查宾语从句的引导词辨析。what什么，问事情；who谁，问人；which哪一个，问事物；whose谁的，问物主，用作定语。belong to属于，设空处作介词to的宾语；根据回答“It must be Jeff’s”，可知这里是问运动鞋属于谁，故选B。
10．（2021·上海·模拟预测）Mum, can you tell me ________ coat I should wear today, the blue one or the red one
A．whose B．what C．who D．which
【答案】D
【详解】句意：妈妈，你能告诉我今天该穿哪一件，蓝色那件还是红色的那件？
考查宾语从句、连词。A. whose（谁的）； B. what（什么）；C. who（谁）D. which（哪一个、件）；根据下文“the blue one or the red one”推断“问选择穿哪一件”；which coat意为“哪一件”，故选D。
命题点三：宾语从句语序
11．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—What will you remember after leaving school
—I will always remember ______.
A．how my friends and teachers used to help me B．when did my friends and teachers arrive
C．where could my friends and teachers meet D．what the teachers will say to me
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你离开学校后会记得什么？——我将永远记得我的朋友和老师曾经如何帮助我。
考查宾语从句。观察句子结构可知，空格所填内容为宾语从句，宾语从句的语序是陈述语序。结合选项可知，选项B和C均为疑问语序，故排除；根据问句“What will you remember after leaving school ”是在询问“离开学校后会记得什么”，记得的事情是过去发生的，应用过去的时态，排除选项D。故选A。
12．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—Peter, is there anything else you want to know about the famous people
—Yes, I am still wondering ___________.
A．how much does Yao Ming weigh
B．when Audrey Hepburn had entered the film industry
C．that Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon
D．if Professor Zhong Nanshan still works for medical research
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——彼得，关于名人你还有什么想知道的吗？——是的，我在想钟南山教授是否还在从事医学研究。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除选项A；主句是现在进行时，从句不限时态，B项描述过去的事，时态应用一般过去时，故排除B项；根据“I am still wondering”可知，从句描述一个不知道的问题，that引导的宾语从句用于陈述事件，与语境不符，故排除C项；D项符合语法和语境。故选D。
13．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—What did the teacher say just now
—She ________ us ________.
A．said; if we could follow her. B．asked; how could we follow her
C．said; how we could follow her D．asked; if we could follow her
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——刚才老师说了什么？——她问我们是否能听懂她的话。
考查动词和宾语从句。said说；asked问；say to sb.表示“对某人说”，ask sb. sth.表示“问某人某事”，因此排除AC项；宾语从句用陈述语序：疑问词+主语+谓语+宾语，故选D。
14．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—Dad, Could you tell me ________
—Well, it’s large and full of water. It covers about ________ of the earth.
A．how the sea is; one third B．what the sea is like; three quarters
C．how’s the sea; three-fourth D．what the sea is like; three quarter
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——爸爸，你能告诉我大海是什么样子吗？——嗯，它很大而且充满了水。它覆盖了大约地球的四分之三。
考查宾语从句和分数表达法。how the sea is大海怎么样，陈述语序；what the sea is like大海是什么样子，陈述语序；how’s the sea大海怎么样，疑问语序。根据句子结构可知，空一处的句子是宾语从句，故应用陈述语序，故排除C项；根据答语“Well, it’s large and full of water.”可知，应是问“大海是什么样子”，故排除A项；分数表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于一时，分母加s，故“四分之一”可表达为：one fourth/a quarter/one quarter，故“四分之三”应表达为three quarters，故排除D项。故选B。
15．（2022·上海·统考二模）Could you tell me ________
A．where can I put the bicycle B．where could I put the bicycle
C．where I can put the bicycle D．where I could put the bicycle
【答案】C
【详解】句意：你能告诉我把自行车放在哪里吗？
考查宾语从句。宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除AB；主句“Could you tell me”是委婉语气，时态是一般现在时，从句动作也是一般现在时，故选C。
16．（2021·上海奉贤·统考二模）Could you tell me ________
A．when he has gone to Beijing B．how long he has been in Beijing
C．which hotel did he stay in Beijing D．when will he come back from Beijing
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你可以告诉我他在北京待了多久吗？
考查宾语从句。此句是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除C和D选项。has gone to Beijing表示人已经在北京了，再询问他何时已经去了北京，不符合逻辑，排除A选项，故选B。
17．（2021·上海奉贤·统考一模）I just wanted to know _________.
A．where you have been these days B．what were you doing at that time
C．who would you go shopping with D．when the sports meeting would be held
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我只是想知道运动会什么时候举行。
考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句是一个宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除B和C选项。主句“wanted”是一般过去时，从句也用过去某个时态，符合主过从过的原则，A选项have done是现在完成时，排除A选项。D选项would+be+过去分词是过去将来时的被动语态，故选D。
18．（2020·上海嘉定·统考一模）The class teacher asked the students .
A．why doesn’t Jack come for the picnic B．why didn’t Jack come for the picnic
C．why Jack doesn’t come for the picnic D．why Jack didn’t come for the picnic
【答案】D
【详解】句意：班主任老师询问学生们为什么杰克没来野餐？
考查宾语从句。根据句子结构，是一个含宾语从句的复合句，从句要用陈述句语序，结构为主语+谓语+其它。A和B是疑问句语序，所以排除A和B选项。原句中asked是一般过去时，从句要用过去某个时态，C选项中doesn’t是一般现在时的助动词，所以排除C选项。故选D。
【点睛】宾语从句注意的两点：1.语序，从句要用陈述句语序，除了what’s wrong with you/what’s the matter不变。2. 时态，主句用一般现在时，从句用任何时态；主句用一般过去时，从句用过去某个时态；从句是客观真理或自然现象时用一般现在时。
19．（2018·上海奉贤·统考一模）Could you please tell me _________？
A．how can I get to the supermarket
B．how could I get to the supermarket
C．how I can get to the supermarket
D．how I could get to the supermarket
【答案】C
【详解】句意：你能告诉我我怎么到达超市吗？
考查宾语从句。根据空格前面的词语是tell me，结合给出的四个选项，可知这句话考查宾语从句，在宾语从句中要用陈述语序，所以排除A、B选项；主句是情态动词 could（不是 can 的过去式），放在句首表示语气的委婉，所以从句的时态用一般现在时态，排除D选项；故答案选C。
20．（2017·上海宝山·统考一模）Could you please tell me _______
A．where can I find the nearest shopping mall B．where is the nearest shopping mall
C．where I can find the nearest shopping mall D．how can I get to the nearest shopping mall
【答案】C
【详解】句意：请你告诉我在哪里能找到最近的购物中心吗？
本题考查宾语从句。where can I find the nearest shopping mall我在哪里能找到最近的购物中心？where is the nearest shopping mall最近的购物中心在哪里？where I can find the nearest shopping mall我在哪里能找到最近的购物中心？ how can I get to the nearest shopping mall我如何才能到达最近的购物中心？此处作为动词tell的宾语从句，用陈述语序：疑问句+主语+谓语+宾语，故选C。
命题点四：宾语从句时态
21．（2022·上海松江·统考二模）Harry said he ________ the Butchart Gardens in Victoria City in the coming holidays.
A．would visit B．had visited C．is visiting D．visited
【答案】A
【详解】句意：哈里王子说他将在即将到来的假期参观维多利亚市的布查德花园。
考查动词时态。根据“in the coming holidays”可知，时态为将来时。又根据“said”可知，应该用一般过去时，所以本句时态是过去将来时，表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在状态，其结构是would+动词原形。故选A。
22．（2022·上海虹口·统考二模）Peter said that his daughter ________ from university the next June.
A．had graduated B．graduated C．would graduate D．will graduate
【答案】C
【详解】句意；彼得说他的女儿将于明年六月大学毕业。
考查时态。根据“Peter said that ”可知，主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用过去的某种时态，结合“the next June”可知，此处应用过去将来时，故选C。
23．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Word came that race driver Zhou Guanyu ________ the Afa Romeo team for the 2022 season.
A．would join B．has joined C．joins D．was joining
【答案】A
【详解】句意：有消息称，车手周冠宇将加入阿发罗密欧车队，参加2022赛季的比赛。
考查时态辨析。根据“came”可知主过从必过，结合从句中“for the 2022 season”可知从句用过去将来时，其结构为would do。故选A。
24．（2022·上海浦东新·统考一模）I’ve heard that Tom ________ a visit to his disabled father twice a week.
A．pays B．paid C．will pay D．has paid
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我听说，Tom每周去探望他残疾的父亲两次。
考查一般现在时。本题that引导宾语从句，由于主句的时态为现在完成时，宾语从句的时态不受主句的影响。又因为从句中有标志词“twice a week”，强调习惯性、经常性，故用一般现在时。故选A。
25．（2022·上海浦东新·统考一模）Steven told me that he ________ writing the report a week before.
A．finish B．finishes C．finishing D．had finished
【答案】D
【详解】句意：Steven告诉我他一周前就写完了报告。
考查过去完成时。finish“完成”，根据“a week before”可知，从句时态用现在完成时，由宾语从句时态遵循“主过从过”原则可知，从句应该用过去的某种时态，所以空缺处应该用过去完成时，构成：主语+had+动词过去分词，故选D。
26．（2022·上海·统考二模）My dad promised on his birthday that he ________ smoking in the near future.
A．will give up B．would give up C．gave up D．had given up
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我爸爸在他的生日上承诺，在不久的将来他将会戒烟。
考查宾语从句中的动词时态。根据从句中时间状语in the near future可知用一般将来时，但主句是一般过去式，根据宾语从句“主过从必过”原则，所以从句的一般将来时要变成过去将来时would do结构。故选B 。
27．（2021·上海宝山·统考二模）The manager told us that the company ________ modern robots to do some of the work soon.
A．used B．uses C．will use D．would use
【答案】D
【详解】句意：经理告诉我们公司很快就会用现代机器人来做一些工作。
考查动词时态。根据句意可知，空处所在的句子是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，根据“主过从必过”的原则，从句必须用过去时的某种时态，故排除B、C项；又根据从句的时间状语“soon”可知，宾语从句应用过去将来时，构成形式为：would do。故选D。
28．（2021·上海徐汇·统考二模）We’ve learnt in the science lesson that steam ________ water when it cools down.
A．turned into B．turns into C．would turn into D．has turned into
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们在科学课上学到蒸汽冷却后会变成水。
考查宾语从句。根据句意可知，空格所在句为宾语从句，说的是“蒸汽冷却后会变成水”，是客观事实，主语“steam”是第三人称单数，应该用turns into，故选B。
29．（2020·上海金山·统考二模）The delivery man promised that he ________ my takeout(外卖) very soon.
A．will deliver B．would deliver C．are delivering D．were delivering
【答案】B
【详解】句意：外卖小哥答应很快就会给我送外卖。
考查宾语从句时态。根据英语语法，宾语从句中主句是过去时态，宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态，A、C选项可排除。根据从句中very soon提示，这个动作还未开始，故应用过去将来时，即would deliver，故选B。
30．（2020·上海青浦·统考二模）The customer said that he _________ to the manager about their bad service.
A．will complain B．would complain C．has complained D．is complaining
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这位顾客说，他会向经理投诉他们的服务不好。
考查宾语从句时态辨析。will complain一般将来时；would complain过去将来时；has complained现在完成时；is complaining现在进行时。根据句子结构，是宾语从句。主语said是一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态。根据句意，这个顾客要向经理投诉，表示从过去的某个时间看将来要发生的动作，句子用过去将来时。故选B。
31．（2020·上海宝山·统考一模）Our class teacher said that we the 3D Printing Cultural Museum next Thursday.
A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．would visit
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我们的老师说下周四我们将参观3D打印文化博物馆。
本题考查时态。visit一般现在时；visited一般过去时；will visit一般将来时；would visit过去将来时。根据said可知，后接宾语从句。主句中said是一般过去时，所以从句也要用相应的过去时。根据next Thursday可知，用过去将来时，故选D。
32．（2018·上海松江·统考二模）---Excuse me, could you please tell me if the sports meeting ________ on time
---It’s hard to say. If it rains tomorrow, we’ll have to put it off.
A．is held B．will be held C．has been held D．was held
【答案】B
【详解】句意：﹣劳驾，你能告诉我运动会是否按时举行吗？﹣很难说．如果明天下雨，我们就得推迟。
考查一般将来时的被动语态，结合句意"劳驾，你能告诉我运动会是否按时举行吗？很难说．如果明天下雨，我们就得推迟。"可知，是明天的事情，"举行"和运动会是被动关系，要用一般将来时的被动语态，一般将来时的被动语态构成是will be done，故选B。
33．（2017·上海崇明·校联考二模）My father promised that he me a new computer the next week.
A．buy B．buys C．will buy D．would buy
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我的爸爸答应下周他将会给我买一个新电脑。
本题考查的是宾语从句，宾语从句的时态遵循“主过从过，主现从需，客普现”，根据所给空前面的promised可知，宾语从句的主句是过去时，从句要用过去的某种时态，由从句中的next week可知，应该用过去将来时，故答案选D。
34．（2017·上海杨浦·统考一模）The weather expert predicted that the coming typhoon ______ destructive.
A．is B．will be C．have been D．would be
【答案】D
【详解】句意：气象专家预言即将来临的台风将是毁灭性的。
宾语从句的时态遵循“主过从过，主现从需，客普现”原则，根据所给空前面的句子The weather expert predicted可知，主句是一般过去时，所以从句要用过去的某种时态，由coming typhoon“即将来临的台风”可知，应该用过去将来时，故答案选D。
35．（2017·上海奉贤·统考一模）Jane told us that she ______ a trip to Taiwan with her daughter the next month.
A．will take B．has taken C．had taken D．would take
【答案】D
【详解】句意：简告诉我们她下个月要和女儿去台湾旅行。
考查动词时态。A. will take一般将来时；B. has taken现在完成时；C. had taken过去完成时；D. would take过去将来时。本句是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句应是过去的某种时态；根据宾语从句时间the next month可知此句时态是过去将来时；故选D。
36．（2022·上海杨浦·统考三模）I didn’t know that many of our bad habits ______ the environment.
A．damage B．will damage C．have damaged D．would damage
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我不知道我们许多坏习惯将会破坏环境。
A.一般现在时；B.一般将来时；C.现在完成时；D.过去将来时。根据动词know可知，that引导宾语从句，主句中didn’t know为一般过去时，所以从句也要用相应的过去时，本句话译为“将会破坏环境”，所以用过去将来时，故选D。
37．（2019·上海·校联考模拟预测）The reporter wrote in his article that a series of water pollution incidents ________ since last year.
A．happened B．have happened C．had happened D．were happening
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这个记者在他的文章中写到自从去年一系列的水污染问题发生了。
根据since last year可知是用现在完成时态，根据句子结构，可知是宾语从句，当主句是一般过去时态时，宾语从句用相应的过去某个时态，所以用过去完成时态；happened一般过去时态，have happened现在完成时态，had happened过去完成时态，were happening过去进行时态；故选C。
38．（2019·上海·校联考模拟预测）The teacher was certain that Martin ______ the match as he trained very hard.
A．won B．would win C．had won D．was winning
【答案】B
【详解】句意：老师确信马丁会赢得比赛，因为他训练非常刻苦。
考查宾语从句时态，观察句子是宾语从句，主句为一般过去时，那么从句也应该为过去时。结合从句句意“马丁会赢得比赛”应该是将来时（will+动词原形），所以这里应该用would win，故选B。
【点睛】宾语从句：
1．语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述句语序，即宾语从句的主从句是一体的。
2. 时态
含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应，包括以下三点内容：
1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：①I don’t know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。
②He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：
①The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。
②He asked his father how it happened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。
39．（2018·上海青浦·统考二模）2018年上海青浦二模The road sign shows us_________________.
A．how can we get to the International Meeting Center
B．which road leads to the International Meeting Center
C．where is the International Meeting Center
D．what can we do in the International Meeting Center
【答案】B
【详解】句意：路牌告诉我们哪条路通向国际会议中心。考查宾语从句的语序问题，宾语从句中要用陈述句的语序。A. how can we get to the International Meeting Center我们怎样到达国际会议中心，疑问语序；B. which road leads to the International Meeting Center哪条路通向国际会议中心，陈述语序；C. where is the International Meeting Center国际会议中心在哪里，疑问语序；D. what can we do in the International Meeting Center我们在国际会议中心能做什么，疑问语序。故选B。
点睛：在宾语从句中，无论从句是由that引导的陈述句、if/whether引导的一般疑问句，还是what/when/which等引导的特殊疑问句，都应使用陈述句的语序，也就是“主语”在前，“谓语”在后。
40．（2018·上海嘉定·统考一模）could you tell me ？
A．how long she has gone to Hongkong.
B．how long she has been in Hongkong.
C．how long has she been in Hongkong.
D．how long she has been to Hongkong.
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你能告诉我她在香港待了多长时间了吗？本题考查宾语从句陈述句语序的用法以及have been in“在某地待多久”的用法。宾语从句用陈述句的语序，所以排除C；A、B选项中的动词has gone/ been to表示“去了”，属于短暂性动词，不能与how long连用，所以排除；have/has been in表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，故答案选B。专题12 宾语从句
◆上海中考最近几年对宾语从句的考查全部体现在题型改写句子中，由直接引语改为间接引语。
1.（2022·上海中考真题） “When will we go to the VR experience center ” I asked the tour guide.（改为间接引语）
I asked the tour guide _________ we _________ go to the VR experience centre.
2.（2021·上海中考真题）“Have you visited the National Book Expo ” Linda asked me. （改为间接引语）Linda asked me ________ I ________ visited the National Book Expo.
3.（2020·上海中考真题）"Will the exhibition be held in Shanghai？" Olivia asked her secretary．（改为间接引语）
Olivia asked her secretary_____ the exhibition_____be held in Shanghai．
4.（2019·上海中考真题）. “Are you free to come to my place this Saturday ”Aaron asked me.（改为间接引语）
Aaron asked me______ ______free to go to his place that Saturday.
5.（2018·上海中考真题） “How are you getting along with your new roommate " Franklin asked me.(改为宾语从句)
Franklin asked me_____ ______was getting along with my new roommate.
6.（2017·上海中考真题）"Have you ever been in a hot air balloon？"Melissa asked her mom．（改为宾语从句）
Melissa asked her mom she ever been in a hot air balloon．
知识图表 宾语从句
连接词
1. 根据语义及语法成分确定连接词: when, where, why, whether/if, how, who, whom等。 2. 从句语法成分齐全时可用that连接，that也可省略。 1. Tom can’t decide which sweater he should buy. 2. I don’t know if/ whether my father will come back tomorrow. 3. We all know that is the right answer. 4.We all know (that) the sun rises in the east.
时态
1. 考点:句型转换 2. 如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时,宾语从句谓语动词该用哪种时态就用哪种时态。 3. 如果主句谓语动词为一般过去时,宾语从句谓语动词使用相应的过去时态. 4. 如果从句说明的是客观真理或科学事实时,不管主句是何种时态,都用一般现在时. 5. 当主句是could you…表示婉转的语气,从句的时态无需受主句的影响而发生变化 1. Do you know when we are going to Beijing 2. He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. 3. Lucy says that Lily is listening to the music. → Lucy said that Lily was listening to the music. 4. Lucy says that Lily will go home. → Lucy said that Lily would go home. 5. Lucy says that Lily gets up at six. → Lucy said that Lily got up at six. 6. Lucy says that Lily has never been to Guangzhou. → Lucy said that Lily had never been to Guangzhou. 7. The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 8. Could you tell me if it is going to rain tomorrow 9. Could you tell me whom the radio was invented by
语序
从句以特殊疑问词开头时,疑问词后语序正装 Excuse me, could you tell me where I can change money
直接引语与间接引语
1. 考点：句型转换 2. 人称变化要合逻辑 3. 时态变化要符合以上时态用法要求 1. I don’t know what I should do with the letter. = I don’t know what to do with the letter. 2. Jack’s mother asked him, “Have you packed your things ” = Jack’s mother asked him if he had packed his things. 3. She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” = She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 4. She asked me, “When do they have their dinner ” = She asked me when they had their dinner.
命题点一：宾语从句知识点在改写句子中考查
1．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）“What did you do to the poor dog ” the lady asked her son.(改宾语从句)
The lady asked her son what he ________ ________ to the poor dog.
2．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）Miss Evans asked Bob, “Will you join the chess club this weekend ”（改为宾语从句）
Miss Evans asked Bob ________ he ________ join the chess club that weekend.
3．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）The boy said to us, “I like reading detective stories very much”. (改为间接引语)
The boy said to us ________ ________ reading detective stories very much.
4．（2022·上海宝山·九年级期中）“When will we go to the Shanghai Disneyland Park ” my friend asked me. (改为间接引语)
My friend asked me ________ we ________ go to the Shanghai Disneyland Park.
5．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）“Are you doing your homework, May ” Mother asked.(把直接引语改为间接引语)
Mother asked May ________ she ________ doing her homework.
6．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）Could you tell me How can I deal with all these problems (合成宾语从句)
Could you tell me how ________ ________ deal with all these problems
命题点二：宾语从句引导词
1．（2022·上海奉贤·统考二模）Could you tell me _______ my letter will be received by my friend
A．how often B．how soon C．how far D．how long
2．（2022·上海徐汇·统考二模）People don’t know ________ there will be a safe system to control the advanced future robot.
A．because B．although C．until D．if
3．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—Can you tell me ________ we should go to Harbin, by train or by plane
—I think we’d better check the tickets on the Internet first.
A．when B．where C．why D．how
4．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—Dear friends, do you know ________
—By working together!
A．why we can make the China Dream B．when we can hold the China Dream
C．how we can achieve the China Dream D．what we can do with the China Dream
5．（2022·上海·模拟预测）— The table tennis match is so exciting. The opposite team is really strong.
— Yes, but I never doubt ________ our team will win.
A．if B．that C．whether D．why
6．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Players excitedly talk about ________ amazing the new Harry Potter-themed mobile phone game is.
A．how B．what C．what a D．what an
7．（2022·上海虹口·统考一模）Our monitor has just gone to the gym, but I don’t know ________ he will come back.
A．how fast B．how far C．how long D．how soon
8．（2022·上海长宁·统考一模）They are eager to know ________ they may keep the book from the new library.
A．how long B．how fast C．how soon D．how often
9．（2021·上海嘉定·统考二模）—Could you please tell me _______ this pair of new sports shoes belongs to
—It must be Jeff’s. It’s his birthday present from his grandpa.
A．what B．who C．which D．whose
10．（2021·上海·模拟预测）Mum, can you tell me ________ coat I should wear today, the blue one or the red one
A．whose B．what C．who D．which
命题点三：宾语从句语序
11．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—What will you remember after leaving school
—I will always remember ______.
A．how my friends and teachers used to help me B．when did my friends and teachers arrive
C．where could my friends and teachers meet D．what the teachers will say to me
12．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—Peter, is there anything else you want to know about the famous people
—Yes, I am still wondering ___________.
A．how much does Yao Ming weigh
B．when Audrey Hepburn had entered the film industry
C．that Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon
D．if Professor Zhong Nanshan still works for medical research
13．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—What did the teacher say just now
—She ________ us ________.
A．said; if we could follow her. B．asked; how could we follow her
C．said; how we could follow her D．asked; if we could follow her
14．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—Dad, Could you tell me ________
—Well, it’s large and full of water. It covers about ________ of the earth.
A．how the sea is; one third B．what the sea is like; three quarters
C．how’s the sea; three-fourth D．what the sea is like; three quarter
15．（2022·上海·统考二模）Could you tell me ________
A．where can I put the bicycle B．where could I put the bicycle
C．where I can put the bicycle D．where I could put the bicycle
16．（2021·上海奉贤·统考二模）Could you tell me ________
A．when he has gone to Beijing B．how long he has been in Beijing
C．which hotel did he stay in Beijing D．when will he come back from Beijing
17．（2021·上海奉贤·统考一模）I just wanted to know _________.
A．where you have been these days B．what were you doing at that time
C．who would you go shopping with D．when the sports meeting would be held
18．（2020·上海嘉定·统考一模）The class teacher asked the students .
A．why doesn’t Jack come for the picnic B．why didn’t Jack come for the picnic
C．why Jack doesn’t come for the picnic D．why Jack didn’t come for the picnic
19．（2018·上海奉贤·统考一模）Could you please tell me _________？
A．how can I get to the supermarket
B．how could I get to the supermarket
C．how I can get to the supermarket
D．how I could get to the supermarket
20．（2017·上海宝山·统考一模）Could you please tell me _______
A．where can I find the nearest shopping mall B．where is the nearest shopping mall
C．where I can find the nearest shopping mall D．how can I get to the nearest shopping mall
命题点四：宾语从句时态
21．（2022·上海松江·统考二模）Harry said he ________ the Butchart Gardens in Victoria City in the coming holidays.
A．would visit B．had visited C．is visiting D．visited
22．（2022·上海虹口·统考二模）Peter said that his daughter ________ from university the next June.
A．had graduated B．graduated C．would graduate D．will graduate
23．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Word came that race driver Zhou Guanyu ________ the Afa Romeo team for the 2022 season.
A．would join B．has joined C．joins D．was joining
24．（2022·上海浦东新·统考一模）I’ve heard that Tom ________ a visit to his disabled father twice a week.
A．pays B．paid C．will pay D．has paid
25．（2022·上海浦东新·统考一模）Steven told me that he ________ writing the report a week before.
A．finish B．finishes C．finishing D．had finished
26．（2022·上海·统考二模）My dad promised on his birthday that he ________ smoking in the near future.
A．will give up B．would give up C．gave up D．had given up
27．（2021·上海宝山·统考二模）The manager told us that the company ________ modern robots to do some of the work soon.
A．used B．uses C．will use D．would use
28．（2021·上海徐汇·统考二模）We’ve learnt in the science lesson that steam ________ water when it cools down.
A．turned into B．turns into C．would turn into D．has turned into
29．（2020·上海金山·统考二模）The delivery man promised that he ________ my takeout(外卖) very soon.
A．will deliver B．would deliver C．are delivering D．were delivering
30．（2020·上海青浦·统考二模）The customer said that he _________ to the manager about their bad service.
A．will complain B．would complain C．has complained D．is complaining
31．（2020·上海宝山·统考一模）Our class teacher said that we the 3D Printing Cultural Museum next Thursday.
A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．would visit
32．（2018·上海松江·统考二模）---Excuse me, could you please tell me if the sports meeting ________ on time
---It’s hard to say. If it rains tomorrow, we’ll have to put it off.
A．is held B．will be held C．has been held D．was held
33．（2017·上海崇明·校联考二模）My father promised that he me a new computer the next week.
A．buy B．buys C．will buy D．would buy
34．（2017·上海杨浦·统考一模）The weather expert predicted that the coming typhoon ______ destructive.
A．is B．will be C．have been D．would be
35．（2017·上海奉贤·统考一模）Jane told us that she ______ a trip to Taiwan with her daughter the next month.
A．will take B．has taken C．had taken D．would take
36．（2022·上海杨浦·统考三模）I didn’t know that many of our bad habits ______ the environment.
A．damage B．will damage C．have damaged D．would damage
37．（2019·上海·校联考模拟预测）The reporter wrote in his article that a series of water pollution incidents ________ since last year.
A．happened B．have happened C．had happened D．were happening
38．（2019·上海·校联考模拟预测）The teacher was certain that Martin ______ the match as he trained very hard.
A．won B．would win C．had won D．was winning
39．（2018·上海青浦·统考二模）2018年上海青浦二模The road sign shows us_________________.
A．how can we get to the International Meeting Center
B．which road leads to the International Meeting Center
C．where is the International Meeting Center
D．what can we do in the International Meeting Center
40．（2018·上海嘉定·统考一模）could you tell me ？
A．how long she has gone to Hongkong.
B．how long she has been in Hongkong.
C．how long has she been in Hongkong.
D．how long she has been to Hongkong.
