高中英语高考读后续写指导学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 高中英语高考读后续写指导学案（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 163.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-04-14 08:15:50 | ||
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文档简介
专攻解题方法与技巧
英语高考读后续写指导
一、解题思路
步骤1 精读文章，获取记叙文六要素
1.关注标题，浏览全文，获取全文时态及基调。
2.分段获取记叙文when，where，who，what，why，how六要素。
When does it happen？
Where does it happen？
Who is it？
What happens？
Why does it happen？
How does it happen？
3.梳理线索，勾画文章情节。
特别关注实词：名词、动词、形容词或副词。
情节 Para._ Para._ Para._ Para._ Para._
who
what
feelings
借鉴叙事模型，归纳出故事的开始、冲突、上升部分、高潮。
步骤2 根据信息提炼文章主题
一般情况下，读后续写都是通过小故事讲述大道理，彰显正能量，弘扬真善美。
步骤3 根据段首句做出合理预测
每一段的段首句有承上启下的作用，故预测思路如下：
1.第一段段首句和原文衔接，并且引出下文。标注出第一段段首句的关键词，合理推测下文将要续写的内容，即故事的下降部分。
2.第二段段首句需要和第一段续写内容衔接，并引出故事的结局。标注出第二段段首句的关键词，反推出第一段的结尾。同时，根据第二段段首句的关键词，预测下文将要续写的内容，即故事的结局。
步骤4 完整勾勒出整个叙事模型
步骤5 构思内容，润色语言
1.每个段落分3个层次构思。
第一段
第二段
[高分标准]
（1）故事要围绕主要人物展开；
（2）详细刻画人物角色及其情感；
（3）有效使用连接成分，结构紧凑；
（4）运用丰富的词汇、语法结构和修辞，使描写生动；
（5）第一段和第二段的内容衔接自然，逻辑合理，语境连贯；
（6）续写内容与所给短文融洽度高，语言风格保持一致，思想积极向上。
2.语言风格需要和原文保持一致，采用记叙文常见的描写手法来增加细节。
（1）动作描写；（2）心理描写；（3）肖像描写；（4）场景描写；（5）有效对话；（6）修辞；（7）精辟结尾。
3.采用多样的语法结构及句式。
（1）v. ing作状语；（2）独立主格；（3）部分倒装；（4）“so...that”句型；（5）with复合结构；（6）从句；（7）常用修辞；（8）名言。
步骤6 誊写清晰，字迹工整
二、题型解读
（2022·新高考卷Ⅰ）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the day of the big cross country run.Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route（路线）through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David，who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence.He was small for ten years old.His usual big toothy smile was absent today.I walked over and asked him why he wasn't with the other children.He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong？ He had worked so hard for this event！
I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened.“I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him，”he explained uncomfortably.“I gave him the choice to run or not，and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration（懊恼）.I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing.After making sure that David could run if he wanted，I turned to find him coming towards me，his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children，but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing.That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross country team.It just took him longer—that's all.David had not missed a single practice，and although he always finished his run long after the other children，he did always finish.As a special education teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
We sat down next to each other，but David wouldn't look at me.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[续写步骤]
步骤1 精读文章，获取记叙文六要素
1.全文需用一般过去时态，讲述发生过的事情。
2.when：the day of the big cross country run.
where：the small town；thick ever green forest.
who：David；students from seven different primary schools；the school's coach.
what：A boy named David，who had a brain disease，participated in running with other students.
why：David refused to run before starting because he was afraid that strange students would laugh at him for his disease.
how：The author decided to advise David to challenge himself according to his former behaviour.
3.梳理线索，勾画文章情节。
步骤2 根据信息提炼文章主题
主题：encouragement and help
步骤3 根据段首句，做出合理预测
预测：作者的鼓舞使David更加自信参加赛跑并取得不错成绩赢得别人的尊重。
步骤4 完整勾勒出整个叙事模型
步骤5 构思内容，润色语言
1.每个段落分3个层次构思。
Continuation Para 1：I knew the refused reason and encouraged David and he accepted my advice.
·What would I say？
·What would David answer？
·Result.
Continuation Para 2：David overcame his hesitation and conquered himself and earned other's praise.
·How did David perform？
·What did others react to？
·Lessons gained.
2.采用常见的描写手法来增加细节。
动词类：bury，sob，well up，hug，wipe，sound，lurch（突然倾斜），trip（绊倒），give up，flood in，pick up
形容词类：inspired，thunderous（雷鸣般的）
名词类：faith，determination，encouragement，delight，destiny（尊严）
3.采用多样的语法结构及句式。
①I hugged him firmly，patting his back gently.
我紧紧地拥抱着他，轻轻地拍着他的后背。
②Seeing the determination in his eyes，I wiped the tears on his cheeks，promising to keep him company until the end of the competition.
看到他眼神中的坚毅，我擦了擦他脸颊上的泪水，答应他会陪伴他直到这次比赛结束。
③My heart sank.
我的心一沉。
④Upon dashing towards the finishing line，a wave of thunderous applause flooded in.
一冲向终点线，雷鸣般的掌声就如潮水般涌来。
⑤It was you who made me realize that just be myself，and I can be the master of my destiny.
是你让我意识到，做我自己，我就可以成为自己命运的主人。
步骤6 誊写清晰，字迹工整
We sat down next to each other，but David wouldn't look at me
.He buried his head in his hands，sobbing.“Do you fear the audience will laugh at you？”asked I.He nodded and bit his lip，tears welling up in his eyes.I hugged him firmly，patting his back gently.“I have faith in you and you will not be looked down upon.Instead，everyone will cheer for you when you are running！” David was inspired instantly and accepted to run.Seeing the determination in his eyes，I wiped the tears on his cheeks，promising to keep him company until the end of the competition.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.The starter's gun sounded，and David lurched forward with the other children.But he had only gone a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground.My heart sank.As I started to shout encouragement，other voices around me took up the call“Come on David，you can do it！”David picked himself up and started again.He used up all his power to march on.This was David's run.He had worked for it，and he wouldn't give up！Upon dashing towards the finishing line，a wave of thunderous applause flooded in.I ran towards David and gave him a bear hug.“You made it！”His eyes twinkled with delight，saying，“Thank you.It was you who made me realize that just be myself，and I can be the master of my destiny.”
三、素材积累
语料库1 动作描写
动作描写是描写人物、凸显人物性格的有力手段，利用恰当的词语对表达人物心理和性格特征有很大的帮助。
1.常见的“说”
（1）动词类表达“说”。
基本表达：
say说
tell告诉
生动表达：
shout 大声叫
add补充说
continue 继续说
explain 解释
comfort 安慰
warn 警告
remind 提醒
scream 尖叫
whisper 耳语
complain 抱怨
order 命令
nod点头
laugh笑着说
sigh 叹息
suggest 建议
recommend推荐
declare/announce 宣布
howl 嚎叫
remark评论说
（2）副词类修饰“说”。
angrily愤怒地
casually 随意地
happily/cheerfully开心地
harshly 严厉地
reluctantly不情愿地
impatiently不耐烦地
madly疯狂地
desperately 绝望地
2.常见的“看”
（1）动词类表达“看”。
see/look at/notice/observe/watch/view/find out 发现
make out 辨认出
look around环顾四周
look up 向上看
look down 向下看
stare at 凝视
glance at 瞥了一眼
glance around/round the room 扫视房间
glare at 怒目而视
glare angrily at sb对某人怒目而视
recognize认出
spot 注意到
（2）名词类表达“看”。
have a good/close look at 仔细看
one more look 又看了一眼
at the sight of 一看到……
catch sight of 看到
lose sight of看不到
come into view 呈现在眼前
3.常见的“走”
walk/run/wander/stroll漫步
wander into the woods漫步到森林里
walk across street步行穿过马路
stroll about/around 闲逛
walk arm in arm 臂挽着臂走
walk gracefully步态优美地走
step back/back off 后退
dash/rush冲
head for朝……出发
tiptoe踮着脚走
make one's way（排除困难）前进
feel one's way摸索前行
stagger 蹒跚
drag one's feet 拖着脚走
pace back and forth 来回踱步
jump to one's feet一跃而起
jog in the woods 在林间慢跑
rush out of the room 冲出房间
crawl to safety爬到安全的地方
4.常见的“笑”
smile/laugh笑
laugh at 嘲笑
tease取笑
light up 喜笑颜开
5.常见的“哭”
be in tears/cry/weep 哭泣
sob抽泣
burst into tears/burst out crying放声大哭
6.其他与肢体语言相关的词汇
applaud鼓掌欢迎
shrug one's shoulders 耸肩
frown at sb 皱着眉头看着某人
bow to sb 向某人鞠躬
nod in agreement点头表示赞同
pat sb on the shoulder/head拍某人的肩膀/头
grasp/hold one's hand抓住某人的手
point to sb指向某人
wave one's hand挥手
7.介词短语
without hesitation毫不犹豫地
with excitement/thrill兴奋地
with wonder/surprise惊奇地
with shame/guilt 羞愧地
with satisfaction 满意地
with sympathy同情地
with fear/horror 害怕地
with tiredness/exhaustion疲惫地
with embarrassment 尴尬地
with despair 绝望地
with force 用力地
with anger/rage/fury愤怒地
with caution小心翼翼地
语料库2 心理描写
心理描写分为概括描述和细节描述。概括描述是总体描述，只将意思表达清楚即可。细节描述则是具体刻画，使描述更加生动，有画面感。
1.喜悦/兴奋
概括描述：
adj.happy，glad，delighted，excited
n.happiness，joy，excitement，thrill，delight
细节描述：
喜悦/兴奋的表现
dance/jump for joy 高兴地跳起来
an encouraged expression
一个受到鼓舞的表情
in cheerful spirits 心情愉快
a satisfied look 满意的表情
be delighted at...因……而高兴
brighten sb's heart使某人心情愉快
feel inspired/encouraged感到被鼓舞
be in high spirits情绪高涨
be deeply moved被深深地感动
a mixture of excitement and happiness
既兴奋又开心
indescribably wild joy 难以形容的开心
can hardly conceal one's excitement
几乎无法掩饰某人兴奋的心情
be powerfully attracted to 被强烈地吸引
keep up one's spirits 振作精神
be content with...对……感到满意
be excited with joy at the success
为成功而欣喜
be fascinated by the scene/beauty of...
被……场面/美丽吸引
be joyful over/about...因……而高兴
on the top of the world心满意足，非常幸福
tears of happiness flowing down
流下幸福的泪水
with＋抽象名词作状语
One's eyes shone/glowed with joy/happiness.
One's heart was racing with excitement.
2.怒
概括描述：
adj.angry
n.anger，rage，fury
细节描述：
愤怒的表现
feel annoyed感到恼怒的
be displeased at one's conduct
对某人的行为感到不满
be speechless with anger气得说不出话
rage at sb对某人大发脾气
flame with anger 气得满脸通红
get mad at sb对某人勃然大怒
express/voice a complaint about...
对……表示不满
“so...that”句型，v. ing/v. ed作状语
She felt so angry that she stormed out of the room，slamming the door angrily behind her.
Boiling with/Filled with rage（anger/fury），she was barely able to say a single word.
3.哀
概括描述：
adj.sad
n.sadness，sorrow，grief，watery eyes
细节描述：
悲伤的表现
a strong sense of loss 强烈的失落感
with a heavy heart 怀着沉重的心情
cry one's heart out 悲痛欲绝
with a sinking heart 心情沉重
have a worried look 愁眉苦脸
feel frustrated/depressed/discouraged
感到沮丧的
break one's heart over one's death
因某人的死亡而痛心
make one's heart bleed使某人悲痛
die of a broken heart 心碎而死
with a sorrowful heart 忧郁的
a flash of grief comes upon sb.
某人感到一阵悲伤
be drown in spirits情绪低落
lose one's spirits垂头丧气
be sad at heart 伤心
a broken spirit 意志消沉
比喻、夸张等修辞
My heart began to race and my mind went blank.
Something choked him and he could not finish the sentence.
Her voice began to crack.
Tears welled up in my eyes./His face was wet with tears./Tears streamed down her face.
4.惧
概括描述：
v.frighten，scare，terrify
adj.frightened/frightening，scared/scary，terrified/terrifying，
fearful
n.scare，fright，fear
细节描述：
恐惧的表现
be seized with panic 惊慌失措
fall into despair 陷入绝望
“so/such...that”句型，“too...to”结构，形容词作状语、表语
At the sight of the fierce wolf，her eyes were wide with horror.
At the sight of the fierce wolf，I was too scared to move even an inch.
At the sight of the fierce wolf，I felt so scared that I froze with terror.
At the sight of the fierce wolf，I was seized by such a strong sense of horror that I was sweating.
At the sight of the fierce wolf，I froze/was terrified/was scared/was frightened.
5.悔
概括描述：
v.regret
adj.regretful，ashamed
细节描述：
后悔的表现
send（sb）one's regrets（向某人）表示歉意
express regret 表示遗憾
I am ashamed of...我对……感到很羞愧
虚拟语气、谚语等
She now could do nothing but feel the regret burning in her heart.
She kept thinking she shouldn't have stolen the wallet.Otherwise，things would turn out differently.Don't cry over spilt milk.
语料库3 肖像描写
肖像描写即描绘人物的面貌特征，目的是以“形”传“神”，刻画人物的性格特征，反映人物的内心世界。
1.体态外貌描写
short 矮
tall 高
thin 瘦的
well dressed穿着讲究的
in one's 20s/30s
在某人二十几岁/三十几岁的时候
medium sized中等身材（的）
be of medium size 身材适中
a pair of blue eyes一双蓝色的眼睛
a graceful figure 优美的身段
a skinny figure 瘦削的身材
a well built man身材魁梧的人
a handsome figure 仪表堂堂
2.性格与特征描写
calm镇定的
confident自信的
strong坚强的
selfish 自私的
humourous 幽默的
optimistic乐观的
lovely可爱的
generous 宽宏大量的
with the virtue of...具有……的美德
a talented person天资高的人
an easy person to deal with容易相处的人
a well informed man消息灵通/见多识广的人
a smooth spoken man 能说会道的人
be fond of...喜欢，热衷……
be keen on 喜爱；对……着迷
be skilled in/do well in精通；擅长
have a gift/talent for...在……方面有天赋
strong will/determination and courage
坚强的意志和勇气
a strong sense of responsibility 强烈的责任感
语料库4 场景描写
在故事叙述中添加场景描写不仅有助于锁定故事发生的地点，了解该地点的现场情况，还能渲染故事氛围，增添画面感，产生呼应并烘托人物心理活动的积极作用。
1.天气情况
a rainy season 多雨的季节
a stormy night 暴风雨之夜
in the pouring rain在倾盆大雨中
continuous/constant rains 连绵不断的雨
in the blinding rain在茫茫大雨中
be buried in snow 深埋在雪中
unbearably hot 难以忍受的热
in the warm spring sunshine 在温暖的春光里
clear up 放晴
fierce/heavy/violent storms狂风暴雨
a timely/seasonable rain及时雨，好雨
bathe in（the）sunshine沐浴在阳光下
the colour of the sky is changing
天空的颜色在变化
first light gray，then dark gray
先是浅灰色，然后是深灰色
finally dark and dense最后又黑又密
2.地理位置
at a distance在远处
a lake in the forest森林里的一个湖
a small village off the map一个偏僻的小村子
within a stone's throw of the beach离海滨仅咫尺之遥
be situated at the northern end of...
位于……北端
in a village among the hills在群山环抱的村庄里
room facing south朝南的房间
the thinly populated rural area人烟稀少的农村地区
be located somewhere on the Pacific coast
位于太平洋沿岸某处
beneath the surface of the water在水面下
snow capped mountain top积雪覆盖的山顶
a favourable situated city 位置优越的城市
a steep uphill climb一个陡峭的爬坡
the sights along the way沿途的风景
rolling down the river nearby 沿着附近的河流滚滚而下
3.以境写情
（1）The birds sang； the grass was green； the sun was warm； and Hans' heart was full of love.
（2）The air was rich with happiness.
（3）As she headed out to the car，she breathed in the pleasant air and admired the crowd.
（4）The wind was howling around the house.
4.乐景衬哀情
It was beautiful spring weather，but neither dogs nor humans were aware of it.The whole long day was a blaze of sunshine.Life was waking after the long months of frost.And in the middle of all this life，like travellers of death，the two men，the woman and the dogs staggered on their journey.（The Call of the Wild）
语料库5 交通篇
1.交通方式之公路
driver驾驶员，司机
passenger 乘客，旅客
vehicle交通工具，车辆
bicycle 自行车，脚踏车
highway公路，干道，交通要道
cross交叉，穿越
engine发动机
cyclist骑自行车的人
petrol汽油
passer by 路人
pedestrian步行者，行人
pavement人行道，路面
cab/taxi出租车
motorcycle摩托车
crossroads十字路口
freeway 高速公路
cycle lane 自行车道
private car 私家车
shared bike共享自行车
electric vehicle 电动汽车
new energy vehicle新能源汽车
driving licence驾驶执照
pick up 接载
traffic light/signal交通灯
2.交通方式之铁路
underground地下的
railway station 火车站
express line 快车线路
track 轨道
subway地铁
platform 站台
tunnel地道，隧道
high speed railway/train 高铁
3.交通方式之航空
pilot 飞行员
airport 机场
airline 航空公司
aircraft/airplane 飞机
flight航班，班机
arrival 到达，抵达
delay延迟，延误
aboard在（车/船/飞机）上
helicopter 直升机
steward（stewardess）乘务员
departure 离开
transfer 换乘
take off 起飞
fasten one's belt 系好安全带
round trip 往返旅程
return ticket 往返票
book/cancel a flight 订/取消航班
4.常用句型
（1）直到车停到（pull up）房子前面时，我们才看到Lily坐在副驾驶的位置上。
→We didn't see Lily in the passenger seat until the car pulled up in front of the house.（not...until）
→Only when the car pulled up in front of the house did we see Lily in the passenger seat.（only＋时间状语引起的倒装）
→It was only when the car pulled up in front of the house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.（It be...that...强调句）
（2）我们的汽油快用完了，但离下一个服务站还很远。
We are running out of petrol，but there is still a long way to the next service station.
（3）她在沿着街道骑自行车，这时不知从哪里窜出一只恶狗。
She was riding her bike on the street when a fierce dog rushed in.
（4）近几年中国高铁发展迅速。
China's high speed railway has developed rapidly in recent years.
（5）在长时间的延误之后，飞机终于起飞了。
After a long delay，the plane finally took off.
语料库6 有效对话
1.对话语言描写
say...loudly/proudly/gently/angrily/seriously/cheerfully...大声地/自豪地/温柔地/生气地/严肃地/高兴地说……
add that...补充说……
answer sb/make an answer to sb回答某人
tell sb sth/tell sth to sb告诉某人某事
remind sb of/that...提醒某人……
explain sth clearly清楚地解释某事
announce/declare that...宣称……
yell out/cry out to sb朝某人大声喊叫
whisper to sb gently对某人温柔耳语
disagree with/have a disagreement with
不同意……
2.对话常用句型
（1）名词或短语单独成句。
（2）短句。
（3）祈使句。
（4）直接引语和间接引语。
①“Don't be late for supper，”Mum cried.
②“OK！” My dad cried back.
③On seeing the choking smoke，she couldn't help yelling，“Fire！ Fire！”
④I asked each of my kids to pick something they thought our “friend” there would appreciate.
⑤ She asked，“Do you have the address？”“No，but I'll recognize it.There was a picture in the magazine.”“Oh，stop.There it is！”（Anne of Green Gables）
语料库7 修辞
1.明喻
用一种事物比喻所要说明的另一事物，两者在本质上或性质上有相似之处。常用格式是“本体＋喻体”，常用like，as...as，as if 或 as though引导。
（1）Life is rather like opening a tin of sardines.We're all looking for the opener.
人生就像开启一罐沙丁鱼，我们大家都在找起子。
（2）Good coffee is like friendship：rich，warm and strong.
好的咖啡如同友谊：丰厚、温暖且热烈。
2.暗喻
对所比喻事物不直接点明而是用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。
（1）Humour is the shock absorber of life；it helps us take action.
幽默是生活的减震器，它可以帮助我们付诸行动。
（2）Love is a lamp.The darker the background is，the brighter it looks.
爱是一盏灯。背景越暗，它看上去就越亮。
3.拟人
赋予无生命事物、自然现象、抽象概念或动物以人的感情、行为、品质、态度等特征，以达到彼此交融、合二为一的效果。
（1）The wind stood up and gave a shout.
大风凛冽，发出怒吼。
（2）The forest held its breath，and the trees seemed to listen attentively.
森林屏住了呼吸，树木似乎聚精会神地听着。
4.类比
比较两种事物在多方面的相似或不同之处，常用结构：A is to B what C is to D（A之于B犹如C之于D）。
（1）Shoes are to feet what tires are to wheels.
鞋子之于脚犹如轮胎之于车轮。
（2）Books are to our minds what food is to our body.
书籍之于我们的思想，犹如食物之于我们的身体。
5.夸张
通过夸大程度达到强调句意、丰富感彩的目的。
（1）He worked his fingers to the bone.
他拼老命地去工作。
（2）I was scared to death.
我吓得要死。
6.引用
写文章时，引用现成语（如成语、诗句、格言、典故等）以表达自己的思想感情，说明自己对新问题、新道理的见解。它使论据确凿、充分，增强说服力，富有启发性，而且语言精练，含蓄典雅。
Since“life is a stage”，we are actually actors and actresses.
因为“生活是一个舞台”，我们实际上都是男女演员。
语料库8 精辟结尾
1.赞扬“真善美，帮助别人”的结尾
Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle！ His efforts most likely saved the woman's life.
2.赞扬“自己身处窘境，仍然帮助别人”的结尾
（1）Sometimes giving from our need instead of our abundance is just what we need to do！
（2）Stepping out not only helped a brother in need， it also gave my kids the sweet taste of helping others.
3.“灾后自救，灾后合作救援”的结尾
（1）It turned out that it was his bravery，calmness and wisdom that saved the whole family.
（2）It turned out that it was cooperation and teamwork that saved their lives.
（3）It turned out that it was love and company that worked wonders.
4.“遇到困难要镇静”的结尾
Keep calm no matter what happened， and then you can overcome any difficulty/challenge.
5.“人与自然”的结尾
（1）We should pay more attention to the world where we live and appreciate how the human beings and animals live together.
（2）I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs.（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）
6.“人与自我——改变/向善/关爱他人”的结尾
（1）I think I am a much better person today than I used to be， and I hope I will not forget these experiences.They have taught me to care about other people more than about myself. I like who I am today.
（2）It's such a privilege to be a part of these kids' lives，even just for a few hours， getting to know them and hearing their stories.
（3）I learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom.
语料库9 高频主题语境
1.人与动物
sniff the air 嗅空气
lick my face 舔我的脸
jump about/around me 在我身边蹦蹦跳跳
wag the tail 摇尾巴
brush the fur 梳理毛发
flap the wings 拍打翅膀
a dog/wolf suddenly howled 狗/狼嚎
move cautiously away 小心翼翼地跑开了
Nervousness and fear were replaced with joy. It just started licking his face.
2.灾害救人/自救
（1）火灾。
①Suddenly，he saw a car with its bright lights on.
②As he got closer，he found another vehicle upside down on the road.
③One more look and he noticed flame shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.
④Larry pulled over，set the brake and got hold of the fire extinguisher.
⑤Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.
⑥The air was filled with thick，black smoke.
（2）大雪。
①A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.
②At one point，huge piles of snow blocked his way.
③The heavy snow blocked the way.
④The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to the heavy snow.
⑤When he handed the medicine to the next one，his face was black from extreme cold.
⑥The lake was covered with ice，which could sometimes break up without warning.
⑦If that happened，he might fall into the icy water below.
⑧But he made it across.
（3）水灾。
①A huge wave separated them.
②He fought against the waves and struggled to catch Sammy
③Unfortunately，Sammy was carried away by the waves.
3.人与自我
①His words freed me from my bad dreams.
②I thought to myself，how even without an arm he was more of a leader.
③From that day on，I grew bigger and a little more real.
④He let out a sign of relief.
⑤The audience let out a thundering cheer.
A
（2022·浙江卷）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
When Dr.Henderson was assigning（指定）project mates for his psychology class，I secretly hoped that he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with.Above all，I hoped he wouldn't assign me to work with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match.As fate（命运）would have it，Dr.Henderson very deliberately matched everyone in class and announced that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid.
I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself.He looked at me as though I weren't there.I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course.He wasn't mean or abusive；he just gave me the impression that he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone
.
Needless to say，I didn't look forward to an entire term of being brushed off，but I tried to make the best of it and didn't say anything for fear that I would make things worse.
The project required each team to develop a hypothesis（假说），set up an experiment to test the hypothesis，do the statistical analysis and present the findings
.Whatever grade the team received would be shared by both students.
When my teammate and I met to discuss our project，I was uneasy.Here was this challenging student who had a reputation for single mindedness and good grades—the exact opposite of me.I was outmatched.I actually wanted to drop the class at one point，but stopped short because I didn't want to give him the satisfaction of my chickening out.I decided to stick to it no matter what.
After long discussions we somehow agreed to do a study on the psychological well being of teenagers.I wasn't sure what it meant exactly，but at least we had a topic.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Paragraph 1：
We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans.Though I wanted to share my ideas with him fully，I failed to do so for fear that I would hold him back.I just kept nodding when he asked me whether it is OK to do this way or that way.I thought it was impossible to persuade him into accepting my views，so I didn't want to waste our time discussing
.I started to wait to leave immediately we arrived at the place，and so did he.I just hoped that the presentation day could come earlier.
Paragraph 2：
One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease.I felt so sorry to hear that and I thought I should visit him in any case.He was a little surprised to see me when I stepped into his ward with some flowers and fruits.I offered to do the rest of our project and he invited me to share my ideas to perfect it.We began to work as a fine team and finally finished our project on time.Our hard work paid off and Dr.Henderson was very satisfied with our wonderful findings
.From this project，we also learned the significance of teammates
.Just as the saying goes，one person can go far，but a group of people can travel farther.
英语高考读后续写指导
一、解题思路
步骤1 精读文章，获取记叙文六要素
1.关注标题，浏览全文，获取全文时态及基调。
2.分段获取记叙文when，where，who，what，why，how六要素。
When does it happen？
Where does it happen？
Who is it？
What happens？
Why does it happen？
How does it happen？
3.梳理线索，勾画文章情节。
特别关注实词：名词、动词、形容词或副词。
情节 Para._ Para._ Para._ Para._ Para._
who
what
feelings
借鉴叙事模型，归纳出故事的开始、冲突、上升部分、高潮。
步骤2 根据信息提炼文章主题
一般情况下，读后续写都是通过小故事讲述大道理，彰显正能量，弘扬真善美。
步骤3 根据段首句做出合理预测
每一段的段首句有承上启下的作用，故预测思路如下：
1.第一段段首句和原文衔接，并且引出下文。标注出第一段段首句的关键词，合理推测下文将要续写的内容，即故事的下降部分。
2.第二段段首句需要和第一段续写内容衔接，并引出故事的结局。标注出第二段段首句的关键词，反推出第一段的结尾。同时，根据第二段段首句的关键词，预测下文将要续写的内容，即故事的结局。
步骤4 完整勾勒出整个叙事模型
步骤5 构思内容，润色语言
1.每个段落分3个层次构思。
第一段
第二段
[高分标准]
（1）故事要围绕主要人物展开；
（2）详细刻画人物角色及其情感；
（3）有效使用连接成分，结构紧凑；
（4）运用丰富的词汇、语法结构和修辞，使描写生动；
（5）第一段和第二段的内容衔接自然，逻辑合理，语境连贯；
（6）续写内容与所给短文融洽度高，语言风格保持一致，思想积极向上。
2.语言风格需要和原文保持一致，采用记叙文常见的描写手法来增加细节。
（1）动作描写；（2）心理描写；（3）肖像描写；（4）场景描写；（5）有效对话；（6）修辞；（7）精辟结尾。
3.采用多样的语法结构及句式。
（1）v. ing作状语；（2）独立主格；（3）部分倒装；（4）“so...that”句型；（5）with复合结构；（6）从句；（7）常用修辞；（8）名言。
步骤6 誊写清晰，字迹工整
二、题型解读
（2022·新高考卷Ⅰ）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the day of the big cross country run.Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route（路线）through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David，who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence.He was small for ten years old.His usual big toothy smile was absent today.I walked over and asked him why he wasn't with the other children.He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong？ He had worked so hard for this event！
I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened.“I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him，”he explained uncomfortably.“I gave him the choice to run or not，and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration（懊恼）.I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing.After making sure that David could run if he wanted，I turned to find him coming towards me，his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children，but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing.That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross country team.It just took him longer—that's all.David had not missed a single practice，and although he always finished his run long after the other children，he did always finish.As a special education teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
We sat down next to each other，but David wouldn't look at me.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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[续写步骤]
步骤1 精读文章，获取记叙文六要素
1.全文需用一般过去时态，讲述发生过的事情。
2.when：the day of the big cross country run.
where：the small town；thick ever green forest.
who：David；students from seven different primary schools；the school's coach.
what：A boy named David，who had a brain disease，participated in running with other students.
why：David refused to run before starting because he was afraid that strange students would laugh at him for his disease.
how：The author decided to advise David to challenge himself according to his former behaviour.
3.梳理线索，勾画文章情节。
步骤2 根据信息提炼文章主题
主题：encouragement and help
步骤3 根据段首句，做出合理预测
预测：作者的鼓舞使David更加自信参加赛跑并取得不错成绩赢得别人的尊重。
步骤4 完整勾勒出整个叙事模型
步骤5 构思内容，润色语言
1.每个段落分3个层次构思。
Continuation Para 1：I knew the refused reason and encouraged David and he accepted my advice.
·What would I say？
·What would David answer？
·Result.
Continuation Para 2：David overcame his hesitation and conquered himself and earned other's praise.
·How did David perform？
·What did others react to？
·Lessons gained.
2.采用常见的描写手法来增加细节。
动词类：bury，sob，well up，hug，wipe，sound，lurch（突然倾斜），trip（绊倒），give up，flood in，pick up
形容词类：inspired，thunderous（雷鸣般的）
名词类：faith，determination，encouragement，delight，destiny（尊严）
3.采用多样的语法结构及句式。
①I hugged him firmly，patting his back gently.
我紧紧地拥抱着他，轻轻地拍着他的后背。
②Seeing the determination in his eyes，I wiped the tears on his cheeks，promising to keep him company until the end of the competition.
看到他眼神中的坚毅，我擦了擦他脸颊上的泪水，答应他会陪伴他直到这次比赛结束。
③My heart sank.
我的心一沉。
④Upon dashing towards the finishing line，a wave of thunderous applause flooded in.
一冲向终点线，雷鸣般的掌声就如潮水般涌来。
⑤It was you who made me realize that just be myself，and I can be the master of my destiny.
是你让我意识到，做我自己，我就可以成为自己命运的主人。
步骤6 誊写清晰，字迹工整
We sat down next to each other，but David wouldn't look at me
.He buried his head in his hands，sobbing.“Do you fear the audience will laugh at you？”asked I.He nodded and bit his lip，tears welling up in his eyes.I hugged him firmly，patting his back gently.“I have faith in you and you will not be looked down upon.Instead，everyone will cheer for you when you are running！” David was inspired instantly and accepted to run.Seeing the determination in his eyes，I wiped the tears on his cheeks，promising to keep him company until the end of the competition.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.The starter's gun sounded，and David lurched forward with the other children.But he had only gone a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground.My heart sank.As I started to shout encouragement，other voices around me took up the call“Come on David，you can do it！”David picked himself up and started again.He used up all his power to march on.This was David's run.He had worked for it，and he wouldn't give up！Upon dashing towards the finishing line，a wave of thunderous applause flooded in.I ran towards David and gave him a bear hug.“You made it！”His eyes twinkled with delight，saying，“Thank you.It was you who made me realize that just be myself，and I can be the master of my destiny.”
三、素材积累
语料库1 动作描写
动作描写是描写人物、凸显人物性格的有力手段，利用恰当的词语对表达人物心理和性格特征有很大的帮助。
1.常见的“说”
（1）动词类表达“说”。
基本表达：
say说
tell告诉
生动表达：
shout 大声叫
add补充说
continue 继续说
explain 解释
comfort 安慰
warn 警告
remind 提醒
scream 尖叫
whisper 耳语
complain 抱怨
order 命令
nod点头
laugh笑着说
sigh 叹息
suggest 建议
recommend推荐
declare/announce 宣布
howl 嚎叫
remark评论说
（2）副词类修饰“说”。
angrily愤怒地
casually 随意地
happily/cheerfully开心地
harshly 严厉地
reluctantly不情愿地
impatiently不耐烦地
madly疯狂地
desperately 绝望地
2.常见的“看”
（1）动词类表达“看”。
see/look at/notice/observe/watch/view/find out 发现
make out 辨认出
look around环顾四周
look up 向上看
look down 向下看
stare at 凝视
glance at 瞥了一眼
glance around/round the room 扫视房间
glare at 怒目而视
glare angrily at sb对某人怒目而视
recognize认出
spot 注意到
（2）名词类表达“看”。
have a good/close look at 仔细看
one more look 又看了一眼
at the sight of 一看到……
catch sight of 看到
lose sight of看不到
come into view 呈现在眼前
3.常见的“走”
walk/run/wander/stroll漫步
wander into the woods漫步到森林里
walk across street步行穿过马路
stroll about/around 闲逛
walk arm in arm 臂挽着臂走
walk gracefully步态优美地走
step back/back off 后退
dash/rush冲
head for朝……出发
tiptoe踮着脚走
make one's way（排除困难）前进
feel one's way摸索前行
stagger 蹒跚
drag one's feet 拖着脚走
pace back and forth 来回踱步
jump to one's feet一跃而起
jog in the woods 在林间慢跑
rush out of the room 冲出房间
crawl to safety爬到安全的地方
4.常见的“笑”
smile/laugh笑
laugh at 嘲笑
tease取笑
light up 喜笑颜开
5.常见的“哭”
be in tears/cry/weep 哭泣
sob抽泣
burst into tears/burst out crying放声大哭
6.其他与肢体语言相关的词汇
applaud鼓掌欢迎
shrug one's shoulders 耸肩
frown at sb 皱着眉头看着某人
bow to sb 向某人鞠躬
nod in agreement点头表示赞同
pat sb on the shoulder/head拍某人的肩膀/头
grasp/hold one's hand抓住某人的手
point to sb指向某人
wave one's hand挥手
7.介词短语
without hesitation毫不犹豫地
with excitement/thrill兴奋地
with wonder/surprise惊奇地
with shame/guilt 羞愧地
with satisfaction 满意地
with sympathy同情地
with fear/horror 害怕地
with tiredness/exhaustion疲惫地
with embarrassment 尴尬地
with despair 绝望地
with force 用力地
with anger/rage/fury愤怒地
with caution小心翼翼地
语料库2 心理描写
心理描写分为概括描述和细节描述。概括描述是总体描述，只将意思表达清楚即可。细节描述则是具体刻画，使描述更加生动，有画面感。
1.喜悦/兴奋
概括描述：
adj.happy，glad，delighted，excited
n.happiness，joy，excitement，thrill，delight
细节描述：
喜悦/兴奋的表现
dance/jump for joy 高兴地跳起来
an encouraged expression
一个受到鼓舞的表情
in cheerful spirits 心情愉快
a satisfied look 满意的表情
be delighted at...因……而高兴
brighten sb's heart使某人心情愉快
feel inspired/encouraged感到被鼓舞
be in high spirits情绪高涨
be deeply moved被深深地感动
a mixture of excitement and happiness
既兴奋又开心
indescribably wild joy 难以形容的开心
can hardly conceal one's excitement
几乎无法掩饰某人兴奋的心情
be powerfully attracted to 被强烈地吸引
keep up one's spirits 振作精神
be content with...对……感到满意
be excited with joy at the success
为成功而欣喜
be fascinated by the scene/beauty of...
被……场面/美丽吸引
be joyful over/about...因……而高兴
on the top of the world心满意足，非常幸福
tears of happiness flowing down
流下幸福的泪水
with＋抽象名词作状语
One's eyes shone/glowed with joy/happiness.
One's heart was racing with excitement.
2.怒
概括描述：
adj.angry
n.anger，rage，fury
细节描述：
愤怒的表现
feel annoyed感到恼怒的
be displeased at one's conduct
对某人的行为感到不满
be speechless with anger气得说不出话
rage at sb对某人大发脾气
flame with anger 气得满脸通红
get mad at sb对某人勃然大怒
express/voice a complaint about...
对……表示不满
“so...that”句型，v. ing/v. ed作状语
She felt so angry that she stormed out of the room，slamming the door angrily behind her.
Boiling with/Filled with rage（anger/fury），she was barely able to say a single word.
3.哀
概括描述：
adj.sad
n.sadness，sorrow，grief，watery eyes
细节描述：
悲伤的表现
a strong sense of loss 强烈的失落感
with a heavy heart 怀着沉重的心情
cry one's heart out 悲痛欲绝
with a sinking heart 心情沉重
have a worried look 愁眉苦脸
feel frustrated/depressed/discouraged
感到沮丧的
break one's heart over one's death
因某人的死亡而痛心
make one's heart bleed使某人悲痛
die of a broken heart 心碎而死
with a sorrowful heart 忧郁的
a flash of grief comes upon sb.
某人感到一阵悲伤
be drown in spirits情绪低落
lose one's spirits垂头丧气
be sad at heart 伤心
a broken spirit 意志消沉
比喻、夸张等修辞
My heart began to race and my mind went blank.
Something choked him and he could not finish the sentence.
Her voice began to crack.
Tears welled up in my eyes./His face was wet with tears./Tears streamed down her face.
4.惧
概括描述：
v.frighten，scare，terrify
adj.frightened/frightening，scared/scary，terrified/terrifying，
fearful
n.scare，fright，fear
细节描述：
恐惧的表现
be seized with panic 惊慌失措
fall into despair 陷入绝望
“so/such...that”句型，“too...to”结构，形容词作状语、表语
At the sight of the fierce wolf，her eyes were wide with horror.
At the sight of the fierce wolf，I was too scared to move even an inch.
At the sight of the fierce wolf，I felt so scared that I froze with terror.
At the sight of the fierce wolf，I was seized by such a strong sense of horror that I was sweating.
At the sight of the fierce wolf，I froze/was terrified/was scared/was frightened.
5.悔
概括描述：
v.regret
adj.regretful，ashamed
细节描述：
后悔的表现
send（sb）one's regrets（向某人）表示歉意
express regret 表示遗憾
I am ashamed of...我对……感到很羞愧
虚拟语气、谚语等
She now could do nothing but feel the regret burning in her heart.
She kept thinking she shouldn't have stolen the wallet.Otherwise，things would turn out differently.Don't cry over spilt milk.
语料库3 肖像描写
肖像描写即描绘人物的面貌特征，目的是以“形”传“神”，刻画人物的性格特征，反映人物的内心世界。
1.体态外貌描写
short 矮
tall 高
thin 瘦的
well dressed穿着讲究的
in one's 20s/30s
在某人二十几岁/三十几岁的时候
medium sized中等身材（的）
be of medium size 身材适中
a pair of blue eyes一双蓝色的眼睛
a graceful figure 优美的身段
a skinny figure 瘦削的身材
a well built man身材魁梧的人
a handsome figure 仪表堂堂
2.性格与特征描写
calm镇定的
confident自信的
strong坚强的
selfish 自私的
humourous 幽默的
optimistic乐观的
lovely可爱的
generous 宽宏大量的
with the virtue of...具有……的美德
a talented person天资高的人
an easy person to deal with容易相处的人
a well informed man消息灵通/见多识广的人
a smooth spoken man 能说会道的人
be fond of...喜欢，热衷……
be keen on 喜爱；对……着迷
be skilled in/do well in精通；擅长
have a gift/talent for...在……方面有天赋
strong will/determination and courage
坚强的意志和勇气
a strong sense of responsibility 强烈的责任感
语料库4 场景描写
在故事叙述中添加场景描写不仅有助于锁定故事发生的地点，了解该地点的现场情况，还能渲染故事氛围，增添画面感，产生呼应并烘托人物心理活动的积极作用。
1.天气情况
a rainy season 多雨的季节
a stormy night 暴风雨之夜
in the pouring rain在倾盆大雨中
continuous/constant rains 连绵不断的雨
in the blinding rain在茫茫大雨中
be buried in snow 深埋在雪中
unbearably hot 难以忍受的热
in the warm spring sunshine 在温暖的春光里
clear up 放晴
fierce/heavy/violent storms狂风暴雨
a timely/seasonable rain及时雨，好雨
bathe in（the）sunshine沐浴在阳光下
the colour of the sky is changing
天空的颜色在变化
first light gray，then dark gray
先是浅灰色，然后是深灰色
finally dark and dense最后又黑又密
2.地理位置
at a distance在远处
a lake in the forest森林里的一个湖
a small village off the map一个偏僻的小村子
within a stone's throw of the beach离海滨仅咫尺之遥
be situated at the northern end of...
位于……北端
in a village among the hills在群山环抱的村庄里
room facing south朝南的房间
the thinly populated rural area人烟稀少的农村地区
be located somewhere on the Pacific coast
位于太平洋沿岸某处
beneath the surface of the water在水面下
snow capped mountain top积雪覆盖的山顶
a favourable situated city 位置优越的城市
a steep uphill climb一个陡峭的爬坡
the sights along the way沿途的风景
rolling down the river nearby 沿着附近的河流滚滚而下
3.以境写情
（1）The birds sang； the grass was green； the sun was warm； and Hans' heart was full of love.
（2）The air was rich with happiness.
（3）As she headed out to the car，she breathed in the pleasant air and admired the crowd.
（4）The wind was howling around the house.
4.乐景衬哀情
It was beautiful spring weather，but neither dogs nor humans were aware of it.The whole long day was a blaze of sunshine.Life was waking after the long months of frost.And in the middle of all this life，like travellers of death，the two men，the woman and the dogs staggered on their journey.（The Call of the Wild）
语料库5 交通篇
1.交通方式之公路
driver驾驶员，司机
passenger 乘客，旅客
vehicle交通工具，车辆
bicycle 自行车，脚踏车
highway公路，干道，交通要道
cross交叉，穿越
engine发动机
cyclist骑自行车的人
petrol汽油
passer by 路人
pedestrian步行者，行人
pavement人行道，路面
cab/taxi出租车
motorcycle摩托车
crossroads十字路口
freeway 高速公路
cycle lane 自行车道
private car 私家车
shared bike共享自行车
electric vehicle 电动汽车
new energy vehicle新能源汽车
driving licence驾驶执照
pick up 接载
traffic light/signal交通灯
2.交通方式之铁路
underground地下的
railway station 火车站
express line 快车线路
track 轨道
subway地铁
platform 站台
tunnel地道，隧道
high speed railway/train 高铁
3.交通方式之航空
pilot 飞行员
airport 机场
airline 航空公司
aircraft/airplane 飞机
flight航班，班机
arrival 到达，抵达
delay延迟，延误
aboard在（车/船/飞机）上
helicopter 直升机
steward（stewardess）乘务员
departure 离开
transfer 换乘
take off 起飞
fasten one's belt 系好安全带
round trip 往返旅程
return ticket 往返票
book/cancel a flight 订/取消航班
4.常用句型
（1）直到车停到（pull up）房子前面时，我们才看到Lily坐在副驾驶的位置上。
→We didn't see Lily in the passenger seat until the car pulled up in front of the house.（not...until）
→Only when the car pulled up in front of the house did we see Lily in the passenger seat.（only＋时间状语引起的倒装）
→It was only when the car pulled up in front of the house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.（It be...that...强调句）
（2）我们的汽油快用完了，但离下一个服务站还很远。
We are running out of petrol，but there is still a long way to the next service station.
（3）她在沿着街道骑自行车，这时不知从哪里窜出一只恶狗。
She was riding her bike on the street when a fierce dog rushed in.
（4）近几年中国高铁发展迅速。
China's high speed railway has developed rapidly in recent years.
（5）在长时间的延误之后，飞机终于起飞了。
After a long delay，the plane finally took off.
语料库6 有效对话
1.对话语言描写
say...loudly/proudly/gently/angrily/seriously/cheerfully...大声地/自豪地/温柔地/生气地/严肃地/高兴地说……
add that...补充说……
answer sb/make an answer to sb回答某人
tell sb sth/tell sth to sb告诉某人某事
remind sb of/that...提醒某人……
explain sth clearly清楚地解释某事
announce/declare that...宣称……
yell out/cry out to sb朝某人大声喊叫
whisper to sb gently对某人温柔耳语
disagree with/have a disagreement with
不同意……
2.对话常用句型
（1）名词或短语单独成句。
（2）短句。
（3）祈使句。
（4）直接引语和间接引语。
①“Don't be late for supper，”Mum cried.
②“OK！” My dad cried back.
③On seeing the choking smoke，she couldn't help yelling，“Fire！ Fire！”
④I asked each of my kids to pick something they thought our “friend” there would appreciate.
⑤ She asked，“Do you have the address？”“No，but I'll recognize it.There was a picture in the magazine.”“Oh，stop.There it is！”（Anne of Green Gables）
语料库7 修辞
1.明喻
用一种事物比喻所要说明的另一事物，两者在本质上或性质上有相似之处。常用格式是“本体＋喻体”，常用like，as...as，as if 或 as though引导。
（1）Life is rather like opening a tin of sardines.We're all looking for the opener.
人生就像开启一罐沙丁鱼，我们大家都在找起子。
（2）Good coffee is like friendship：rich，warm and strong.
好的咖啡如同友谊：丰厚、温暖且热烈。
2.暗喻
对所比喻事物不直接点明而是用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。
（1）Humour is the shock absorber of life；it helps us take action.
幽默是生活的减震器，它可以帮助我们付诸行动。
（2）Love is a lamp.The darker the background is，the brighter it looks.
爱是一盏灯。背景越暗，它看上去就越亮。
3.拟人
赋予无生命事物、自然现象、抽象概念或动物以人的感情、行为、品质、态度等特征，以达到彼此交融、合二为一的效果。
（1）The wind stood up and gave a shout.
大风凛冽，发出怒吼。
（2）The forest held its breath，and the trees seemed to listen attentively.
森林屏住了呼吸，树木似乎聚精会神地听着。
4.类比
比较两种事物在多方面的相似或不同之处，常用结构：A is to B what C is to D（A之于B犹如C之于D）。
（1）Shoes are to feet what tires are to wheels.
鞋子之于脚犹如轮胎之于车轮。
（2）Books are to our minds what food is to our body.
书籍之于我们的思想，犹如食物之于我们的身体。
5.夸张
通过夸大程度达到强调句意、丰富感彩的目的。
（1）He worked his fingers to the bone.
他拼老命地去工作。
（2）I was scared to death.
我吓得要死。
6.引用
写文章时，引用现成语（如成语、诗句、格言、典故等）以表达自己的思想感情，说明自己对新问题、新道理的见解。它使论据确凿、充分，增强说服力，富有启发性，而且语言精练，含蓄典雅。
Since“life is a stage”，we are actually actors and actresses.
因为“生活是一个舞台”，我们实际上都是男女演员。
语料库8 精辟结尾
1.赞扬“真善美，帮助别人”的结尾
Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle！ His efforts most likely saved the woman's life.
2.赞扬“自己身处窘境，仍然帮助别人”的结尾
（1）Sometimes giving from our need instead of our abundance is just what we need to do！
（2）Stepping out not only helped a brother in need， it also gave my kids the sweet taste of helping others.
3.“灾后自救，灾后合作救援”的结尾
（1）It turned out that it was his bravery，calmness and wisdom that saved the whole family.
（2）It turned out that it was cooperation and teamwork that saved their lives.
（3）It turned out that it was love and company that worked wonders.
4.“遇到困难要镇静”的结尾
Keep calm no matter what happened， and then you can overcome any difficulty/challenge.
5.“人与自然”的结尾
（1）We should pay more attention to the world where we live and appreciate how the human beings and animals live together.
（2）I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs.（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）
6.“人与自我——改变/向善/关爱他人”的结尾
（1）I think I am a much better person today than I used to be， and I hope I will not forget these experiences.They have taught me to care about other people more than about myself. I like who I am today.
（2）It's such a privilege to be a part of these kids' lives，even just for a few hours， getting to know them and hearing their stories.
（3）I learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom.
语料库9 高频主题语境
1.人与动物
sniff the air 嗅空气
lick my face 舔我的脸
jump about/around me 在我身边蹦蹦跳跳
wag the tail 摇尾巴
brush the fur 梳理毛发
flap the wings 拍打翅膀
a dog/wolf suddenly howled 狗/狼嚎
move cautiously away 小心翼翼地跑开了
Nervousness and fear were replaced with joy. It just started licking his face.
2.灾害救人/自救
（1）火灾。
①Suddenly，he saw a car with its bright lights on.
②As he got closer，he found another vehicle upside down on the road.
③One more look and he noticed flame shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.
④Larry pulled over，set the brake and got hold of the fire extinguisher.
⑤Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.
⑥The air was filled with thick，black smoke.
（2）大雪。
①A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.
②At one point，huge piles of snow blocked his way.
③The heavy snow blocked the way.
④The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to the heavy snow.
⑤When he handed the medicine to the next one，his face was black from extreme cold.
⑥The lake was covered with ice，which could sometimes break up without warning.
⑦If that happened，he might fall into the icy water below.
⑧But he made it across.
（3）水灾。
①A huge wave separated them.
②He fought against the waves and struggled to catch Sammy
③Unfortunately，Sammy was carried away by the waves.
3.人与自我
①His words freed me from my bad dreams.
②I thought to myself，how even without an arm he was more of a leader.
③From that day on，I grew bigger and a little more real.
④He let out a sign of relief.
⑤The audience let out a thundering cheer.
A
（2022·浙江卷）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
When Dr.Henderson was assigning（指定）project mates for his psychology class，I secretly hoped that he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with.Above all，I hoped he wouldn't assign me to work with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match.As fate（命运）would have it，Dr.Henderson very deliberately matched everyone in class and announced that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid.
I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself.He looked at me as though I weren't there.I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course.He wasn't mean or abusive；he just gave me the impression that he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone
.
Needless to say，I didn't look forward to an entire term of being brushed off，but I tried to make the best of it and didn't say anything for fear that I would make things worse.
The project required each team to develop a hypothesis（假说），set up an experiment to test the hypothesis，do the statistical analysis and present the findings
.Whatever grade the team received would be shared by both students.
When my teammate and I met to discuss our project，I was uneasy.Here was this challenging student who had a reputation for single mindedness and good grades—the exact opposite of me.I was outmatched.I actually wanted to drop the class at one point，but stopped short because I didn't want to give him the satisfaction of my chickening out.I decided to stick to it no matter what.
After long discussions we somehow agreed to do a study on the psychological well being of teenagers.I wasn't sure what it meant exactly，but at least we had a topic.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans.________________________________________________________________________
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Paragraph 2：
One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease.________________________________________________________________________
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【参考范文】
Paragraph 1：
We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans.Though I wanted to share my ideas with him fully，I failed to do so for fear that I would hold him back.I just kept nodding when he asked me whether it is OK to do this way or that way.I thought it was impossible to persuade him into accepting my views，so I didn't want to waste our time discussing
.I started to wait to leave immediately we arrived at the place，and so did he.I just hoped that the presentation day could come earlier.
Paragraph 2：
One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease.I felt so sorry to hear that and I thought I should visit him in any case.He was a little surprised to see me when I stepped into his ward with some flowers and fruits.I offered to do the rest of our project and he invited me to share my ideas to perfect it.We began to work as a fine team and finally finished our project on time.Our hard work paid off and Dr.Henderson was very satisfied with our wonderful findings
.From this project，we also learned the significance of teammates
.Just as the saying goes，one person can go far，but a group of people can travel farther.