高中英语阅读理解指导 细节理解题——定位信息找答案学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 高中英语阅读理解指导 细节理解题——定位信息找答案学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-04-14 08:16:49 | ||
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专攻解题方法与技巧
英语阅读理解指导 细节理解题——定位信息找答案
一、题型特点需了解
(一)明命题，懂考查方式和考查角度
[命题解读]
1．命题人员会要求学生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻找所需的细节。
2．细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
[考查特点]
1．把握细节理解题常见的考查方式。
(1)特殊疑问句形式：以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many 等疑问词开头引出的问题；
(2)填空题形式：通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节；
(3)就文中数字、排序等进行提问。
2．掌握细节理解题的考查角度。
(1)高频考点：直接信息题、间接信息题。
(2)低频考点：数字计算题、正误判断题、细节排序题。
(二)细节理解题的解题捷径
采用寻读法，解题分三步：
(1)先读题干，抓住关键词。
(2)带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与问题有关的词语或句子。
(3)仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。
(三)细节理解题的正确选项特征
同义替换 ①指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换，如把lose one's job换成 be out of work。
②有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成of importance。
③改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换
信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项
原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项
(四)细节理解题的干扰选项特征
张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容
无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容
曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭，甚至完全相反
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
二、方法技巧要知晓
题型一 直接信息题在解答直接信息题时，可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼
[典例] (2022·全国乙卷)
Admission
￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
22．How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A．￡4.
B．￡8.
C．￡12.
D．￡16. [解析] 本题是直接信息题。根据Admission部分的“￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.”可知，入场费为4英镑，由成人陪同的12岁以下的儿童免费入场。由此可知，一对夫妇带着两个12岁以下的孩子入场时，总共要付8英镑的入场费。故选B。
[答案] B
技法点拨：
题型二 间接信息题为了更好地考查学生的语言知识和思维品质，命题人往往会对具体细节信息加以掩饰，这就需要学生综合多处信息进行理解。常见的考查方式有以下3种形式
换词类 使用同义词或近义词(甚至反义词)对关键词进行同义转换，例如用ask对文中的require进行同义转换，用less different对文中的more in common进行同义转换等
[典例]
(2021·全国乙卷)During an interview for one of my books，my interviewer said something I still think about often.Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰)in his open office，he said，“That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street－so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange.After all，coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局)．But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works. 32.Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A．It helps him concentrate.
B．It blocks out background noise.
C．It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D．It encourages face to face interactions.
[解析] 本题问的是为什么采访者倾向于选择共享办公区域，根据题干中的coworking space可定位至本段第二句中的“That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus”，对比选项可知答案。本题中命题人将原文中的focus替换成了近义词concentrate。
[答案] A 技法点拨：
计算类 此类试题要求对具体细节信息(尤其是时间、数量等数字信息)进行加工，但此类试题重点不在于计算，而在于考查对具体细节信息的处理能力，因此试题涉及的计算相对简单
[典例] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Essays(60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course：Essay 1＝10%；Essay 2＝15%；Essay 3＝15%；Essay 4＝20%.
Group Assignments(30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(作业)during the course.All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard，our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day，but students must be ready to complete short in class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion，so it is important to take careful notes during class.Additionally，from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home，both of which will be graded.
22．How many parts is a student's final grade made up of
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
[解析] 本题是计算题，询问“一名学生的最终成绩由几部分组成”。根据本部分的标题“Essays (60%)”，“Group Assignments(30%)”和“Daily Work/In Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%)”可知，成绩由论文、小组作业和日常工作/课堂写作和测试/小组工作/家庭作业三部分组成。
[答案] B
技法点拨：
概括类 为了增加细节理解题的难度，命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，即一道试题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容，需要进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。此类试题虽然各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但需要具备一定的概括和归纳能力才能正确作答
[典例] (2021·全国乙卷)
All these stadiums are still functional，still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium，Pyongyang，D.P.R.Korea.Capacity：150，000.Opened：May 1，1989.
·Michigan Stadium，Ann Arbor，Michigan，U.S.Capacity：107，601.Opened：October 1，1927.
·Beaver Stadium，State College，Pennsylvania，U.S.Capacity：106，572.Opened：September 17，1960.
·Ohio Stadium，Columbus，Ohio，U.S.Capacity：104，944.Opened：October 7，1922.
·Kyle Field，College Station，Texas，U.S.Capacity：102，512.Opened：September 24，1927.
22．Of the following stadiums，which is the oldest
A．Michigan Stadium. B．Beaver Stadium.
C．Ohio Stadium. D．Kyle Field. [解析] 本题考查细节概括能力。题干问的是哪个体育场最古老，应定位至文章最后一部分对各个体育场的介绍。根据该部分内容可知，四个选项中的体育场分别于1927年、1960年、1922年、1927年开放。
[答案] C
技法点拨：
A
(2022·福州高中毕业班质检)With the attractive scenery and the possibility of a sighting of a monster(怪物)，Loch Ness is the one of those rare destinations that engages everyone.
Urquhart Castle
Captured by Edward Ⅰ in 1296，this prized castle changed hands between the Scots and the English on several occasions.Though ruined today，it's still possible to climb the Grant Tower and visit the battlements and prison cells.A café and the visitor centre offer modern facilities in historic surroundings.
The Loch Ness Centre
For those who wish to digest the complete history of Loch Ness，this centre is particularly good at documenting the history of this mysterious stretch of water，including many attempts to search for Nessie，the infamous monster.It also holds curious artifacts(手工艺品)such as the diving suit worn by Lloyd Scott when he undertook his underwater marathon.
The Clansman Centre
At the south end of Loch Ness，this attraction uncovers the truth surrounding 18th century family life.Audience members get the opportunity to put on Highland dress and there's a demonstration of how weapons were used.The presentations take place within the recreated interior of a Highland house，adding atmosphere and authenticity(真实性)．
South Loch Ness Trail
This route invites hikers along the quieter south side of Loch Ness，passing through three villages，and taking in the Falls of Foyers.Walkers hike a mix of minor roads and forest tracks，with highlights including Suidhe Viewpoint(a mountainous view at 1，200 feet)．If it sounds too easy going，then consider the Loch Ness 360° Trail instead for a more challenging route.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四个著名的旅游景点。
1．Which place best suits visitors interested in Nessie
A．Urquhart Castle.
B．The Loch Ness Centre.
C．The Clansman Centre.
D．South Loch Ness Trail.
解析：细节理解题。根据The Loch Ness centre部分中的“this centre is...search for Nessie”可知，对尼斯湖水怪感兴趣的游客可以去The Loch Ness Centre参观。
答案：B
2．What is special about the Clansman Centre
A．It provides a genuine scene.
B．It displays fascinating scenery.
C．It exhibits entertaining artifacts.
D．It possesses modern conveniences.
解析：细节理解题。根据The Clansman Centre部分中的“The presentations...adding atmosphere and authenticity(真实性)”可知，The Clansman Centre的特别之处在于它提供了真实的景象。
答案：A
3．Which of the following would a tourist choose if he wants to challenge himself
A．Seeking the Falls of Foyers.
B．Walking along the quieter side.
C．Hiking the Loch Ness 360° Trail.
D．Searching a mix of minor roads and tracks.
解析：细节理解题。根据South Loch Ness Trail部分中的“consider the Loch Ness...challenging route”可知，游客要想挑战自我的话，可以去Loch Ness 360° Trail。
答案：C
B
The Vienna Philharmonic New Year's Concerts
It's long been a tradition for the Vienna Philharmonic to send people all over the world a New Year's greeting through music in the spirit of hope，friendship and peace.Tickets to the three traditional concerts of the Vienna Philharmonic—the Preview Performance(December 30)，the New Year's Eve Concert(December 31)，and the New Year's Concert (January 1)—are in extremely high demand every year.
Applications
Tickets to the three concerts are drawn lots(抽签)on the Vienna Philharmonic website.In this way，music lovers from all over the world have an equal chance to purchase these highly desired tickets.Between February lst and 28th，applications will be accepted to take part in the drawing.Requests submitted through the postal system，by e mail or by any other means will not be considered.
Register a user account，log in(登录)and then in the“My Account”section enter the desired tickets under the“New Year's Concerts Ticket Drawing”．In March，all participants will be informed of the results of the drawing in the“My Account”area by e mail.
Tickets
The ticket prices range between 35 and 1，200 for the New Year's Concert，25 and 860 for the New Year's Eve Concert，and 20 and 495 for the Preview Performance.You can make one application for each of the three concerts.For the New Year's Concert you can apply for up to two tickets.For the New Year's Eve Concert and the Preview Performance each you can apply for up to four tickets.
Notices
The conductor and the programme are the same for all the three concerts.
An application made on February 1st has the same chance as an application made on February 28th.
Should you have further questions，please visit the Frequently Asked Questions about New Year's Concerts.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了维也纳爱乐乐团新年音乐会的相关信息。
4．What might a fan of the Vienna Philharmonic do on the last day of the year
A．Pay for the concert tickets.
B．Enjoy the New Year's Eve Concert.
C．Apply for a ticket on the website.
D．Appreciate the New Year's Concert.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句中的“the New Year's Eve Concert(December 31)”可知，在一年的最后一天，维也纳爱乐乐团的粉丝们可以欣赏新年前夜音乐会。
答案：B
5．How can you get tickets for the concerts
A．By drawing lots online.
B．By placing an order.
C．By visiting the Help Centre.
D．By applying on the spot.
解析：细节理解题。根据Applications部分中的“Tickets to the three...Vienna Philharmonic website”可知，这三场音乐会的门票是在维也纳爱乐乐团的网站上抽签获得的。
答案：A
6．How many tickets can you apply for once at most
A．Four. B．Six.
C．Eight. D．Ten.
解析：细节理解题。根据Tickets部分中的“For the New Year's Concert...four tickets”可知，新年音乐会最多可以申请两张票；新年前夜音乐会及预演，每人每场最多可申请四张门票。据此可知，三场音乐会最多可以申请十张票。
答案：D
英语阅读理解指导 细节理解题——定位信息找答案
一、题型特点需了解
(一)明命题，懂考查方式和考查角度
[命题解读]
1．命题人员会要求学生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻找所需的细节。
2．细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
[考查特点]
1．把握细节理解题常见的考查方式。
(1)特殊疑问句形式：以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many 等疑问词开头引出的问题；
(2)填空题形式：通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节；
(3)就文中数字、排序等进行提问。
2．掌握细节理解题的考查角度。
(1)高频考点：直接信息题、间接信息题。
(2)低频考点：数字计算题、正误判断题、细节排序题。
(二)细节理解题的解题捷径
采用寻读法，解题分三步：
(1)先读题干，抓住关键词。
(2)带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与问题有关的词语或句子。
(3)仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。
(三)细节理解题的正确选项特征
同义替换 ①指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换，如把lose one's job换成 be out of work。
②有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成of importance。
③改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换
信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项
原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项
(四)细节理解题的干扰选项特征
张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容
无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容
曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭，甚至完全相反
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
二、方法技巧要知晓
题型一 直接信息题在解答直接信息题时，可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼
[典例] (2022·全国乙卷)
Admission
￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
22．How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A．￡4.
B．￡8.
C．￡12.
D．￡16. [解析] 本题是直接信息题。根据Admission部分的“￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.”可知，入场费为4英镑，由成人陪同的12岁以下的儿童免费入场。由此可知，一对夫妇带着两个12岁以下的孩子入场时，总共要付8英镑的入场费。故选B。
[答案] B
技法点拨：
题型二 间接信息题为了更好地考查学生的语言知识和思维品质，命题人往往会对具体细节信息加以掩饰，这就需要学生综合多处信息进行理解。常见的考查方式有以下3种形式
换词类 使用同义词或近义词(甚至反义词)对关键词进行同义转换，例如用ask对文中的require进行同义转换，用less different对文中的more in common进行同义转换等
[典例]
(2021·全国乙卷)During an interview for one of my books，my interviewer said something I still think about often.Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰)in his open office，he said，“That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street－so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange.After all，coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局)．But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works. 32.Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A．It helps him concentrate.
B．It blocks out background noise.
C．It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D．It encourages face to face interactions.
[解析] 本题问的是为什么采访者倾向于选择共享办公区域，根据题干中的coworking space可定位至本段第二句中的“That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus”，对比选项可知答案。本题中命题人将原文中的focus替换成了近义词concentrate。
[答案] A 技法点拨：
计算类 此类试题要求对具体细节信息(尤其是时间、数量等数字信息)进行加工，但此类试题重点不在于计算，而在于考查对具体细节信息的处理能力，因此试题涉及的计算相对简单
[典例] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Essays(60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course：Essay 1＝10%；Essay 2＝15%；Essay 3＝15%；Essay 4＝20%.
Group Assignments(30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(作业)during the course.All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard，our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day，but students must be ready to complete short in class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion，so it is important to take careful notes during class.Additionally，from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home，both of which will be graded.
22．How many parts is a student's final grade made up of
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
[解析] 本题是计算题，询问“一名学生的最终成绩由几部分组成”。根据本部分的标题“Essays (60%)”，“Group Assignments(30%)”和“Daily Work/In Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%)”可知，成绩由论文、小组作业和日常工作/课堂写作和测试/小组工作/家庭作业三部分组成。
[答案] B
技法点拨：
概括类 为了增加细节理解题的难度，命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，即一道试题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容，需要进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。此类试题虽然各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但需要具备一定的概括和归纳能力才能正确作答
[典例] (2021·全国乙卷)
All these stadiums are still functional，still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium，Pyongyang，D.P.R.Korea.Capacity：150，000.Opened：May 1，1989.
·Michigan Stadium，Ann Arbor，Michigan，U.S.Capacity：107，601.Opened：October 1，1927.
·Beaver Stadium，State College，Pennsylvania，U.S.Capacity：106，572.Opened：September 17，1960.
·Ohio Stadium，Columbus，Ohio，U.S.Capacity：104，944.Opened：October 7，1922.
·Kyle Field，College Station，Texas，U.S.Capacity：102，512.Opened：September 24，1927.
22．Of the following stadiums，which is the oldest
A．Michigan Stadium. B．Beaver Stadium.
C．Ohio Stadium. D．Kyle Field. [解析] 本题考查细节概括能力。题干问的是哪个体育场最古老，应定位至文章最后一部分对各个体育场的介绍。根据该部分内容可知，四个选项中的体育场分别于1927年、1960年、1922年、1927年开放。
[答案] C
技法点拨：
A
(2022·福州高中毕业班质检)With the attractive scenery and the possibility of a sighting of a monster(怪物)，Loch Ness is the one of those rare destinations that engages everyone.
Urquhart Castle
Captured by Edward Ⅰ in 1296，this prized castle changed hands between the Scots and the English on several occasions.Though ruined today，it's still possible to climb the Grant Tower and visit the battlements and prison cells.A café and the visitor centre offer modern facilities in historic surroundings.
The Loch Ness Centre
For those who wish to digest the complete history of Loch Ness，this centre is particularly good at documenting the history of this mysterious stretch of water，including many attempts to search for Nessie，the infamous monster.It also holds curious artifacts(手工艺品)such as the diving suit worn by Lloyd Scott when he undertook his underwater marathon.
The Clansman Centre
At the south end of Loch Ness，this attraction uncovers the truth surrounding 18th century family life.Audience members get the opportunity to put on Highland dress and there's a demonstration of how weapons were used.The presentations take place within the recreated interior of a Highland house，adding atmosphere and authenticity(真实性)．
South Loch Ness Trail
This route invites hikers along the quieter south side of Loch Ness，passing through three villages，and taking in the Falls of Foyers.Walkers hike a mix of minor roads and forest tracks，with highlights including Suidhe Viewpoint(a mountainous view at 1，200 feet)．If it sounds too easy going，then consider the Loch Ness 360° Trail instead for a more challenging route.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四个著名的旅游景点。
1．Which place best suits visitors interested in Nessie
A．Urquhart Castle.
B．The Loch Ness Centre.
C．The Clansman Centre.
D．South Loch Ness Trail.
解析：细节理解题。根据The Loch Ness centre部分中的“this centre is...search for Nessie”可知，对尼斯湖水怪感兴趣的游客可以去The Loch Ness Centre参观。
答案：B
2．What is special about the Clansman Centre
A．It provides a genuine scene.
B．It displays fascinating scenery.
C．It exhibits entertaining artifacts.
D．It possesses modern conveniences.
解析：细节理解题。根据The Clansman Centre部分中的“The presentations...adding atmosphere and authenticity(真实性)”可知，The Clansman Centre的特别之处在于它提供了真实的景象。
答案：A
3．Which of the following would a tourist choose if he wants to challenge himself
A．Seeking the Falls of Foyers.
B．Walking along the quieter side.
C．Hiking the Loch Ness 360° Trail.
D．Searching a mix of minor roads and tracks.
解析：细节理解题。根据South Loch Ness Trail部分中的“consider the Loch Ness...challenging route”可知，游客要想挑战自我的话，可以去Loch Ness 360° Trail。
答案：C
B
The Vienna Philharmonic New Year's Concerts
It's long been a tradition for the Vienna Philharmonic to send people all over the world a New Year's greeting through music in the spirit of hope，friendship and peace.Tickets to the three traditional concerts of the Vienna Philharmonic—the Preview Performance(December 30)，the New Year's Eve Concert(December 31)，and the New Year's Concert (January 1)—are in extremely high demand every year.
Applications
Tickets to the three concerts are drawn lots(抽签)on the Vienna Philharmonic website.In this way，music lovers from all over the world have an equal chance to purchase these highly desired tickets.Between February lst and 28th，applications will be accepted to take part in the drawing.Requests submitted through the postal system，by e mail or by any other means will not be considered.
Register a user account，log in(登录)and then in the“My Account”section enter the desired tickets under the“New Year's Concerts Ticket Drawing”．In March，all participants will be informed of the results of the drawing in the“My Account”area by e mail.
Tickets
The ticket prices range between 35 and 1，200 for the New Year's Concert，25 and 860 for the New Year's Eve Concert，and 20 and 495 for the Preview Performance.You can make one application for each of the three concerts.For the New Year's Concert you can apply for up to two tickets.For the New Year's Eve Concert and the Preview Performance each you can apply for up to four tickets.
Notices
The conductor and the programme are the same for all the three concerts.
An application made on February 1st has the same chance as an application made on February 28th.
Should you have further questions，please visit the Frequently Asked Questions about New Year's Concerts.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了维也纳爱乐乐团新年音乐会的相关信息。
4．What might a fan of the Vienna Philharmonic do on the last day of the year
A．Pay for the concert tickets.
B．Enjoy the New Year's Eve Concert.
C．Apply for a ticket on the website.
D．Appreciate the New Year's Concert.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句中的“the New Year's Eve Concert(December 31)”可知，在一年的最后一天，维也纳爱乐乐团的粉丝们可以欣赏新年前夜音乐会。
答案：B
5．How can you get tickets for the concerts
A．By drawing lots online.
B．By placing an order.
C．By visiting the Help Centre.
D．By applying on the spot.
解析：细节理解题。根据Applications部分中的“Tickets to the three...Vienna Philharmonic website”可知，这三场音乐会的门票是在维也纳爱乐乐团的网站上抽签获得的。
答案：A
6．How many tickets can you apply for once at most
A．Four. B．Six.
C．Eight. D．Ten.
解析：细节理解题。根据Tickets部分中的“For the New Year's Concert...four tickets”可知，新年音乐会最多可以申请两张票；新年前夜音乐会及预演，每人每场最多可申请四张门票。据此可知，三场音乐会最多可以申请十张票。
答案：D