中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中人教必修三Unit 4 Space Exploration Period 4 Reading for writing
同步检测题（解析版）
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、根据中英文提示填写单词
1．（2022秋·四川成都·高一统考期中）We must do all that we can to find new ways of reducing the waste of natural r________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】resources
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们必须尽我们所能找到减少自然资源浪费的新方法。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语。表示“资源”用resource，其为可数名词，此处表示复数，natural resources“自然资源”。故填resources。
2．（2022秋·高二课时练习）70% of the surface of the g____________ is covered with water. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】globe
【详解】考查名词。句意：地球表面的70%被水覆盖。根据所给出的首字母提示，结合句意可推知，应是名词“globe”，意为“地球”，作介词“of”的宾语。故填globe。
3．（2022秋·高一单元测试）A heated ________ (争论)finally broke out between the two parties. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】argument
【详解】考查名词。句意：双方终于爆发了一场激烈的争论。根据汉语提示可知，argument争论，名词作主语，符合题意；由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填argument。
4．（2022春·高一课时练习）We meet________ (定期地), once a month.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】regularly
【详解】考查副词。句意：我们定期见面，一个月一次。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用副词regularly，修饰动词meet。故填regularly。
5．（2023·高二课时练习）As far as I’m concerned,concentration on your studies will ______(导致) good grades. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】result in
【详解】考查动词。句意：在我看来，专心学习才能取得好成绩。分析句子，设空处使用动词与空前will构成一般将来时。表示“导致”用result in。故填result in。
6．（2020秋·高一课时练习）I have to find ______________________ （一种传输的方法）the objects. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】a way to transmit
【详解】考查短语和词汇。句意：我必须找到一种传输物品的方法。根据提示可知，此处是短语a way to do sth.“一个......做某事的方法”，“传输”是transmit，故填a way to transmit。
7．（2020秋·高一课时练习）We're going to try and ______________ （计算出）how the price should change. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】figure out
【详解】考查短语。句意：我们打算尽量计算出价格应该如何改变。根据汉语提示可知，本句考查短语figure out“计算出”，该短语和to try是并列的不定式，因上文有to，所以此处省略了，故填figure out。
8．（2023·高一校考课时练习）These fish were found in s___ waters around the coast. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】shallow
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些鱼是在海岸附近的浅水区发现的。根据句意和首字母提示可知，应使用形容词shallow作定语，修饰名词waters，意为“浅的，不深的”。故填shallow。
9．（2022春·高一课时练习）Firstly, exploring space has already made a d________ in the fight against world hunger. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】difference
【详解】考查名词。句意：首先，探索太空已经在战胜世界饥饿方面产生影响。根据make a difference(产生影响）可知空格处是宾语，要用名词，结合首字母和句意填difference。
10．（2023·高一课时练习）As a ______(结果；后果) he had to flee Germany. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】result/consequence
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：结果，他不得不逃离德国。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为介词短语As a result/consequence“结果”，满足句意要求。故填result。
11．（2022秋·吉林四平·高二双辽市第一中学校考阶段练习）Our________ (班长) always comes to our help when we get into trouble even if she is busy. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】monitor
【详解】考查名词。句意：当我们遇到麻烦时，我们的班长总是会来帮助我们，即使她很忙。根据句意和汉语提示应填monitor“班长”作主语，由comes和she可知用单数，故填monitor。
12．（2023秋·广西桂林·高一统考期末）Film is a business with_______ (有限的)opportunities for actresses. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】limited
【详解】考查形容词。句意：电影是一个女演员机会有限的行业。名词opportunities前用形容词修饰。根据汉语提示及句意，故填limited。
13．（2023·全国·高二专题练习）This books provides a detailed ______ (分析) of the crimes committed by teenagers and their causes. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】analysis
【详解】考查名词。句意：这本书详细分析了青少年犯罪及其原因。分析句式结构再根据汉语提示可知，此处用名词analysis作宾语表示“分析”符合语境。故填analysis。
14．（2022春·高一校考课时练习）This girl has got used to the new ________ (模式) of family life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】pattern
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个女孩已经习惯了新的家庭生活模式。根据汉语提示“模式”以及上文的the new可知，此处应填名词作宾语，结合语意可知，此处应填名词pattern。故填pattern。
15．（2009·全国·高考真题）The old lady needs a few feather______ （枕头）to make herself comfortable.
【答案】pillows
【详解】考查名词。句意：老太太需要几个羽绒枕让自己舒服些。分析句子可知， a few修饰可数名词复数，此处应填入可数名词的复数形式。再根据提示，故填pillows。
二、句型转换
16.（2022春·高二课时练习）He was too careless; as a result, he failed the English test.(句型转换)
（1）He failed the English test _________________________ his carelessness.
（2）His carelessness _________________________ his failure in the English test.
（3）His failure in the English test _________________________ his carelessness.
【答案】 as a result of resulted in resulted from
【详解】考查介词短语、动词短语和时态。句意：他太粗心了；结果，他英语考试不及格。第一空，结合语意，他英语考试不及格是由于他的粗心，所以空处用介词短语as a result of，表示“由于”，所以第一空填写as a result of；第二空，结合语意，他的粗心导致了他在英语考试中不及格，所以空处用动词短语result in，表示“导致”，根据原句was和failed可知，句子描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式，所以第二空填写resulted in；第三空，结合语意，他英语考试的不及格是由于他的粗心导致的，所以空处用动词短语result from，表示“由于”，原句使用一般过去时，所以动词应用过去式形式，所以第三空填写resulted from。故填①as a result of，②resulted in，③result from。
17.（2023·全国·高三专题练习）A:The accident resulted in the death of two passengers. （同义句转换）
B: The death of two passengers resulted ________ the accident.
【答案】from
【详解】考查介词。句意：这次事故导致两名乘客死亡。result in“导致；引起”，前文是原因，后文是结果，B句前文是结果，后文是原因，可用result from“由……引起”替换。故填from。
汉译英
A.（单词/短语）
（2022秋·高一课时练习）汉译英
18．_________________ v. 包，裹→n.（女用）披肩，围巾
19．_________________ n.（冰或水等的）一大片→v. 覆盖；盖上被单；使成大片
20．_________________ n. 霜→v.（使）蒙上霜，结霜
21．_________________ n. 土壤→v. 弄脏
22．_________________ adj. 浅的→v.（使）变浅
23．_________________ n. 庄稼，作物→v. 种地；有收成；修剪，剪短
【答案】18．wrap 19．sheet 20．frost 21．soil 22．shallow 23．crop
【解析】18．考查动词和名词。“wrap”作动词时，意为“包，裹”；作名词时，意为“（女用）披肩，围巾”。故填：wrap。
19．考查名词和动词。“sheet”作名词时，意为“（冰或水等的）一大片”；作动词时，意为“覆盖；盖上被单；使成大片”。故填：sheet。
20．考查名词和动词。“frost”作名词时，意为“霜”；作动词时，意为“（使）蒙上霜，结霜”。故填：frost。
21．考查名词和动词。“soil”作名词时，意为“土壤”；作动词时，意为“弄脏”。故填：soil。
22．考查形容词和动词。“shallow”作形容词时，意为“浅的”；作动词时，意为“（使）变浅”。故填：shallow。
23．考查名词和动词。“crop”作名词时，意为“庄稼，作物”；作动词时，意为“种地；有收成；修剪，剪短”。故填：crop。
B.汉译英（整句）
24．（2023·高一课时练习）我们的班长王华给李老师献上了准备好的花，同时一些女生为李老师唱歌。（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Wang Hua, our monitor, presented Ms Li with the prepared flowers while some girls sang songs for her.
【详解】考查名词，动词，从句等。“我们的班长王华”可译为Wang Hua, our monitor，名字作主语，后接名词作同位语；“给...献上”可译为动词present sb. with sth.；“李老师”可译为Ms Li；“准备好的花”可译为the prepared flowers；“同时”可译为连词while引导时间状语从句；“一些女生”可译为some girls；“为...唱歌”可译为动词sing for sb.；从句中的“李老师”使用人称代词宾格her指代；因为该句描述的动作已经发生，故两个谓语动词使用一般过去时。故答案为Wang Hua, our monitor, presented Ms Li with the prepared flowers while some girls sang songs for her。
25．（2022秋·高一课时练习）为了方便起见，我在智能手机上下载了很多应用程序。（download apps，for convenience）(汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________________________【答案】I downloaded many apps on my smartphone for convenience.
【详解】考查时态、名词和短语。由汉语提示可知句子为一般过去时，主谓宾结构。名词“智能手机”表达为可数名词smartphone，根据句意可知是在我的手机上下载很多应用程序，所以此句中用单数形式；谓语动词为download；在智能手机上用介词on；for convenience在句中作状语。故翻译为I downloaded many apps on my smartphone for convenience.
26.（2022秋·江西上饶·高一统考期末）昨天，医生建议他要经常运动以保持健康。(recommend) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Yesterday, the doctor recommended him to work out/take exercise/do sports regularly to keep fit/healthy.或：Yesterday, the doctor recommended that he (should) work out/take exercise/do sports regularly to keep fit/healthy.
【详解】考查时态，不定式和虚拟语气。根据汉语，表示“昨天”应用yesterday，本句应用一般过去时态。表示“医生”应用the doctor，此处表示特指，用定冠词the；表示“建议”应用recommend，此处应用过去式recommend，根据搭配recommend sb to do sth或者recommend that sb (should) do sth，此处后面应该接动词不定式形式或者that引导的虚拟语气。表示“经常运动”应用work out/take exercise/do sports regularly，表示“保持健康”应用keep fit/healthy。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Yesterday, the doctor recommended him to work out/take exercise/do sports regularly to keep fit/healthy.或：Yesterday, the doctor recommended that he (should) work out/take exercise/do sports regularly to keep fit/healthy.
27.（2023秋·高一课时练习）学校图书馆是一个资源，你可以利用它来取得进步。(定语从句;take advantage of) （汉译英）
______________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The school library is a resource which you can take advantage of to make progress.
【详解】考查定语从句，固定搭配。“学校图书馆”译为the school library；“是一个资源”译为系表结构be a resource，且本句为客观描述，故用一般现在时。按照要求使用定语从句，代替先行词“resource”在定语从句中充当宾语，可用关系代词which引导。“利用”译为固定搭配take advantage of；“取得进步”译为 make progress，用不定式作目的状语。故翻译为The school library is a resource which you can take advantage of to make progress.
28．（2022秋·上海·高二期末）经常坐在一起喝咖啡是家庭重要事件之一。(event) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Regularly sitting down together for coffee is one of the most important family events.
【详解】考查副词、动名词短语做主语、主谓一致、时态和名词。表示“经常”应用副词regularly，位于句首，作状语，首字母需大写；表示“坐在一起喝咖啡”应用动名词短语sitting down together for coffee，做主语，表示习惯性、经常性的动作；表示“家庭重要事件一”应用名词短语one of the most important family events，作表语；此处为客观陈述且主语为动名词短语，谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故翻译为Regularly sitting down together for coffee is one of the most important family events.
四、完成句子
29．（2023·高一课时练习）他们只有有限的几本书可供选择。
They only have __________________ of books.
【答案】a limited selection
【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“有限……可供选择”可知短语为a limited selection of。故填a limited selection。
30．（2022春·全国·高一假期作业）然而，错误的判断会产生实际影响，因为它们导致对稀缺资源的错误使用。
However, misjudgments have real impacts, as they ________ ________ misguided use of scarce resources.
【答案】 result in
【详解】考查动词。根据主句谓语动词have，判断句子陈述客观事实，设空处在as引导的原因状语从句，时态也用一般现在时；根据句意可知，从句缺谓语动词“导致”，可表达为result in，主语是they，用原形即可。故填result in。
31.2023·高一课时练习）As you will see from my resume, I________ for the position.
正如您从我的简历中看到的，我符合这个职位的要求。
【答案】meet the requirements
【详解】考查动词短语。表示“符合要求”为动词固定短语meet the requirements，根据句意可知，用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词用原形。故填meet the requirements。
32．（2023·高一课时练习）今天早晨，在我去学校的路上，我看到两位妇女在争吵。
When I was on my way to school this morning, I _______ _______ _______ _______.
【答案】 saw two women arguing
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据汉语翻译可知，空处需要“看到两位妇女在争吵”的英语表达，“看到”用动词see表示，描述的是过去的事情用一般过去时，“两位妇女”表示为two women，“争吵”用动词argue表示，see sb doing sth表示“看到某人正在做某事”符合句意，且women和argue为主动关系。故填①saw②two③women④arguing。
33．（2023·高一课时练习）如果你想取得进步，弄清楚考试不及格的原因是很重要的。
If you want to make progress, it is ________the reason why you fail the exam.
【答案】important to figure out
【详解】考查固定句型和短语。分析可知，空处涉及固定句型：it be+adj.+to do“做某事是……的”；“重要的”是important，作表语，“弄清楚”是figure out，此处用其不定式形式作真正的主语。故填important to figure out。
五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2023秋·山西·校联考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Astronomers have published a major finding___34___(recent): A black hole has been releasing energy from a small star___35___was shredded (吞噬) in 2018, after two years in which it didn’t emit (发射) any such material.
“Super unusual,” said Yvette Cendes, an astronomer at Harvard. “We’ve never really seen this before to this degree.”
Researchers made the___36___ (discover) when they used a___37___ (power) radio telescope facility to check some two dozen black holes where stars had been shredded after ___38___(come) too close to them. Such happenings___39___(call) tidal disruption (潮汐破坏) events, or TDEs.
What they found was that one of the TDEs was emitting energy at an unusual speed__40___at a very surprising time: more than two years after the event.
This behavior is different from what has been observed in black holes before, in two ways. First, the timing: it’s more common___41___(see) radio emissions from black holes within the first few months after swallowing a star. And second, the energy emitted in this case doesn’t quite fit in___42___what astronomers have seen before.
In most cases of black holes swallowing stars, perhaps 99%, the outflow is lower in energy. And in 1% of cases, that outflow, at about half the speed of light, rarely____43____ (occur).
【答案】
34．recently 35．which/that 36．discovery 37．powerful 38．coming 39．are called 40．and 41．to see 42．with 43．occurs
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。最新研究发现，黑洞在吞噬小恒星后会喷射出物质。
34．考查副词。句意：天文学家最近发表了一项重要发现：一个黑洞一直从一颗小恒星释放能量，在它没有释放出任何此类物质两年之后，这颗小恒星在2018年被吞噬。此处修饰动词have published，应用副词，作状语。故填recently。
35．考查定语从句。句意：天文学家最近发表了一项重要发现：一个黑洞一直从一颗小恒星释放能量，在它没有释放出任何此类物质两年之后，这颗小恒星在2018年被吞噬。此处是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词star，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
36．考查名词。句意：研究人员在使用一个强大的射电望远镜设备检查二十几个黑洞时得出了这一发现，这些黑洞中的恒星在太靠近它们之后被吞噬了。根据句意和空前冠词the可知，此处应用名词discovery，作宾语。故填discovery。
37．考查形容词。句意：研究人员在使用一个强大的射电望远镜设备检查二十几个黑洞时得出了这一发现，这些黑洞中的恒星在太靠近它们之后被吞噬了。此处修饰radio telescope facility“射电望远镜设备”，应用形容词powerful，作定语。故填powerful。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员在使用一个强大的射电望远镜设备检查二十几个黑洞时得出了这一发现，这些黑洞中的恒星在太靠近它们之后被吞噬了。此处作介词after的宾语，应用动名词。故填coming。
39．考查动词语态。句意：这类事件被称为潮汐破坏事件或TDE。主语happenings“事件”和谓语动词call“把……说成”构成动宾关系，且此处叙述的是一般性事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are called。
40．考查连词。句意：他们发现的是其中一个TDE以异常的速度，在一个非常令人惊讶的时间散发能量：在该事件发生两年多后。分析句意可知，at an unusual speed“以异常的速度”和at a very surprising time“在一个非常令人惊讶的时间”为并列关系，需要用并列连词and连接。故填and。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，时机：在吞噬恒星后的最初几个月内，黑洞发射的无线电更为常见。固定句型It’s+adj.+to do sth表示“做某事是怎么样的”，it是形式主语，不定式才真正的主语。故填to see。
42．考查介词。句意：第二，在这种情况下发射的能量与天文学家以前看到的不太相符。固定搭配fit in with 表示“符合；与……一致”。故填with。
43．考查动词时态。句意：在1%的情况下，以大约光速一半的速度流出的情况很少发生。根据句意可知，动词occur“发生”为谓语动词，此处叙述的是一般性事实，用一般现在时即可，主语是that outflow“流出”为概念，是不可数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填occurs。
六、完形填空
（2023秋·上海·高一上海市宜川中学校考期末）Telescope Searching for Space Treasure Unearths Giant Planet
A giant planet shrouded(遮盖)in clouds, in orbit(轨道)around a star 385 light years from our sun, has been captured by the James Webb Space Telescope in images described as a “____44____ moment for astronomy.”
In observations led by a British astronomer, the pioneering telescope focused on a “gas giant” planet called HIP65426b. It captured images in infrared light(红外光), which allows astronomers to more ____45___ calculate the mass and temperature of “exoplanets”—the ____46____ for planets in orbit around other stars. It should ultimately allow them to detect clouds moving across their surface, ____47___ alien weather patterns on worlds hundreds of light years from our solar system. The images show the planet as “blobs(斑点) of light” in blue, purple, yellow and red hues under various infrared wavelengths.
The planet is up to 12 times bigger than Jupiter and orbits about 100 times farther from its host star compared with the Earth’s distance from the sun, making it ____48____ for astronomers to separate the planet from its star when attempting to capture images of it. The planet is only 15 to 20 million years old, a fraction of the ____49____ of the Earth, which is 4.5 billion years old. Like Jupiter and Saturn, it has “no rocky surface and could not be ____50____,” NASA said.
The ____51____ of an exoplanet is usually detected when the light from a distant star appears to become less ____52____ at regular intervals, suggesting that a planet is passing across its face once per orbit like a tiny partial eclipse(日偏食). It is extremely difficult to capture a direct image of an exoplanet _____53_____ they are thousands of times fainter than the stars they orbit.
James Webb used an instrument called a coronagraph to _____54_____ light from HiP65426b’ s host star, which lies in the Centaurus constellation(半人马座), “Obtaining this image felt like _____55_____ space treasure,” said Aarynn Carter, a researcher at the University of California. “At first, all I could see was light from the star, but with careful image processing, I was able to remove that light and uncover the planet.”
Analysis suggests that the planet has a red hue and a temperature of 1,300℃. The images could give a clue as to how Jupiter and Saturn looked in their ____56_____ more than four billion years ago.
NASA said, “Webb’s view, at longer infrared wavelengths, shows new details that ground—based telescopes would not be able to detect _____57_____ the intrinsic(本身的)infrared glow of Earth’s atmosphere.”
The telescope has already been used to analyze the _____58_____ make—up of the atmosphere on another exoplanet, WASP—39b, detecting carbon dioxide by analyzing the spectrum(光谱) of light passing through its clouds.
44．A．difficult B．awful C．dramatic D．transformative
45．A．carefully B．precisely C．positively D．quickly
46．A．term B．reason C．explanation D．material
47．A．reporting B．forecasting C．changing D．revealing
48．A．clear B．impossible C．easier D．harder
49．A．time B．age C．history D．distance
50．A．renewable B．habitable C．detectable D．feasible
51．A．form B．component C．existence D．orbit
52．A．gentle B．natural C．warm D．bright
53．A．because B．although C．unless D．as if
54．A．look out B．find out C．block out D．make out
55．A．digging for B．hiding from C．bringing out D．mixing into
56．A．infancy B．childhood C．youth D．peak
57．A．in case of B．in the way of C．regardless of D．owing to
58．A．chemical B．physical C．psychological D．medical
【答案】
D 45．B 46．A 47．D 48．D 49．B 50．B 51．C 52．D 53．A 54．C 55．A 56．A
57．D 58．A
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍韦布望远镜首次拍到系外行星HIP 65426b图像的事情。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜拍摄到了一颗被云层笼罩的巨大行星，它围绕着距离太阳385光年的恒星运行，被称为“天文学的变革时刻”。A. difficult困难的；B. awful糟糕的；C. dramatic戏剧性的；D. transformative变革性的。根据上文“A giant planet shrouded(遮盖)in clouds, in orbit(轨道)around a star 385 light years from our sun, has been captured by the James Webb Space Telescope in images”可知，这颗行星的发现有重大意义。故选D。
45．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它用红外光拍摄图像，这使得天文学家能够更精确地计算“系外行星”的质量和温度，系外行星是指围绕其他恒星运行的行星。A. carefully细心地；B. precisely精确地；C. positively积极地；D. quickly快速地。根据上文“It captured images in infrared light”可知，用红外光拍摄图像能够更精确地计算“系外行星”的质量和温度。故选B。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第2题详解。A. term术语，措辞；B. reason原因；C. explanation解释；D. material材料。根据上文的破折号和下文“for planets in orbit around other stars”可知，这是指exoplanets这一措辞。故选A。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它最终应该能让他们探测到云层在其表面移动，揭示出距离我们太阳系几百光年的世界上的外星天气模式。A. reporting报道；B. forecasting预测；C. changing改变；D. revealing揭示。根据上文“It should ultimately allow them to detect clouds moving across their surface”可知，这是利用红外光最终会达到的目的，所以应该是可以揭示出距离我们太阳系几百光年的世界上的外星天气模式。故选D。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这颗行星比木星大12倍，与地球与太阳的距离相比，它的轨道距离主星约100倍，这使得天文学家在试图捕捉这颗行星的图像时更难将其与恒星分开。A. clear清楚的；B. impossible不可能的；C. easier更容易的；D. harder更难的。根据上文“The planet is up to 12 times bigger than Jupiter and orbits about 100 times farther from its host star compared with the Earth’s distance from the sun”可知，这颗行星的状况使得天文学家在试图捕捉这颗行星的图像时更难将其与恒星分开。故选D。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这颗行星的年龄只有1500万至2000万年，只是地球年龄45亿年的零头。A. time时间；B. age年龄；C. history历史；D. distance距离。根据下文“which is 4.5 billion years old”可知，这里指地球的年龄。故选B。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：NASA说，与木星和土星一样，它“没有岩石表面，也不可能是宜居的。”A. renewable可再生的；B. habitable宜居的；C. detectable可探测的；D. feasible可行的。根据上文“it has “no rocky surface”可知，它没有岩石表面，所以也不可能是宜居的。故选B。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：系外行星的存在通常是在来自遥远恒星的光线每隔一段时间变得不那么明亮时才被探测到的，这表明一颗行星在每一轨道上经过它的表面一次，就像一次微小的日偏食。A. form形成；B. component成分；C. existence存在；D. orbit轨道。根据下文“is usually detected when the light from a distant star appears to become less 52 at regular intervals”可知，这里指探测到系外行星的存在。故选C。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第8题详解。A. gentle温柔的；B. natural自然的；C. warm温暖的；D. bright亮的。根据下文“suggesting that a planet is passing across its face once per orbit like a tiny partial eclipse”可知，当来自遥远恒星的光线每隔一段时间变得不那么明亮时，系外行星才能被探测到。故选D。
53．考查连词词义辨析。句意：拍摄一颗系外行星的直接图像是极其困难的，因为它们比它们所环绕的恒星要暗几千倍。A. because因为；B. although尽管；C. unless除非；D. as if好像。根据这句话上下文意思可知，两个小分句之间是因果关系。故选A。
54．考查动词短语辨析。句意：詹姆斯·韦伯（James Webb）使用一种称为日冕仪的仪器来阻挡位于半人马座的HiP65426b主星发出的光线，“获得这张照片感觉就像在挖掘太空宝藏，”加州大学的研究员艾伦·卡特（Aarynn Carter）说。A. look out留神；B. find out弄明白；C. block out阻挡；D. make out制作。根据上文“It is extremely difficult to capture a direct image of an exoplanet 53 they are thousands of times fainter than the stars they orbit.”可知，因为这颗行星本身的光很弱，所以要阻挡亮的主星发出的光线才能看到它。故选C。
55．考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第11题详解。A. digging for挖掘；B. hiding from隐藏于；C. bringing out带出来；D. mixing into混合于。根据上文“James Webb used an instrument called a coronagraph to
54 light from HiP65426b’ s host star,”可知，因为这颗行星本身的光很弱，所以要阻挡亮的主星发出的光线才能看到它，所以感觉就像在挖掘太空宝藏，这个过程是很困难的。故选A。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些图像可以为40亿年前木星和土星在婴儿时期的样子提供线索。A. infancy婴儿；B. childhood儿时；C. youth青年；D. peak顶峰。根据上文“The planet is only 15 to 20 million years old”可知，这颗行星只有1500万至2000万年的历史，所以相对于40亿年，应该是婴儿时期。故选A。
57．考查介词短语辨析。句意：美国国家航空航天局表示，“韦伯在更长的红外波长下的观察显示了新的细节，由于地球大气层的固有红外辐射，地面望远镜无法探测到这些细节。”A. in case of以防万一；B. in the way of以…的方式；C. regardless of不考虑；D. owing to因为。根据上文“ground—based telescopes would not be able to detect”可知，地面望远镜无法探测到这些细节，应该是由于地球大气层的固有红外辐射。故选D。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该望远镜已经被用于分析另一颗系外行星WASP-39b上大气的化学组成，通过分析穿过云层的光谱来探测二氧化碳。A. chemical化学的；B. physical物理的；C. psychological心理的；D. medical医学的。根据下文“detecting carbon dioxide”可知，这里指探测另一颗系外行星上的化学物质。故选A。
七、阅读理解
（2023·高一课时练习）Does it make sense for countries to invest billions of dollars in space programs when millions of people in their country are living below the poverty line Many people ask this question and I almost tire of answering it.
Let's talk about Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) first. This is a terrible disease in which the victims progressively lose the ability to control their body. It affects almost only boys and shows itself when the boys are around age 5. They're wheelchair-bound by age 12, and will be dead before their 30th birthday. There is no cure. However, there are treatments. They're based on crystalline (晶体) protein structures, whose formation is adversely (不利地) affected by the presence of Earth's constant unidirectional (单一方向的) gravitational field. However, according to a study conducted by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) on the International Space Station (ISS), crystalline protein structures form regularly in microgravity conditions, which allows for targeted drugs designed to "double these boys' life spans (寿命)".
And you want to talk about feeding the hungry We have space lettuce (生菜).And it's structurally and nutritionally equivalent to Earth lettuce. Space is pretty much everything there is, which means you can make a lot of lettuce in space. In fact, one of the potential growth markets in lunar colonization (月球殖民) is food trade. Food can be mass produced and sent to Earth to feed the hungry. By the way, as far as I am concerned, as for feeding the hungry, food distribution is the issue rather than food supply.
Space exploration is one of the best things that humanity has ever done.
59．What do people want to know by asking the question in Paragraph 1
A．Whether there is a cure for DMD．
B．How many people live below the poverty line.
C．How much money is spent on space programs.
D．Whether space programs benefit people on Earth.
60．What can be learned about DMD
A．It seems to spare girls.
B．Its cure lies in the ISS.
C．It gets serious in microgravity conditions.
D．Its patients need wheelchairs their entire life.
61．What is the author's attitude to growing food in space
A．Doubtful. B．Positive.
C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring.
62．The text is most probably taken from a ________.
A．website to buy and sell the newest space products
B．website to ask questions and get quality answers
C．legal document
D．science fiction
【答案】59．D 60．A 61．B 62．B
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了“当数以百万计的人生活在贫困线以下时，国家在太空计划上投资数十亿美元是否有意义”这个问题。
59．推理判断题。根据第一段的Does it make sense for countries to invest billions of dollars in space programs when millions of people in their country are living below the poverty line (当数以百万计的人生活在贫困线以下时，国家在太空项目上投资数十亿美元有意义吗 )可推断出，通过这个问题不仅引出了下文，也表明了人们想知道太空计划是否有益于地球上的人。故选D。
60．推理判断题。根据第二段的It affects almost only boys and shows itself when the boys are around age 5. (它几乎只影响男孩，并在男孩5岁左右时表现出来)可知，杜氏肌营养不良症似乎只影响男孩。由此可见，这种疾病对女孩似乎很“宽容”，女孩不会得这种病。故选A。
61．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的Food can be mass produced and sent to Earth to feed the hungry. (粮食可以大量生产，并送给地球上的饥民)以及最后一段的Space exploration is one of the best things that humanity has ever done.(太空探索是人类所做过的最好的事情之一)可推知，作者认为月球上可以大量生产粮食，并送给地球上的饥民，以呼应第一段提出的问题。由此可见，作者对太空种植食物持积极的态度。故选B。
62．推理判断题。根据文章的结构和第二段的Let's talk about Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) first.(我们先来谈谈杜氏肌营养不良症)和And you want to talk about feeding the hungry (你想谈谈喂饱饥饿的人吗 )可知，本文的叙述方式采用的多是问答式和讨论式，第一段来进行提问，之后给予相关的回答，由此条线索可以推知，这篇文章很可能是从一个网站上获取的，用来提问并得到高质量的答案。其中A项website to buy and sell the newest space products (买卖最新太空用品的网站)；C项legal document (法律文书)；D项science fiction (科幻小说)均可排除。故选B。
（2022·山西长治·山西省长治市第二中学校校考模拟预测）Astronomers have discovered the cause of the “Great Dimming（暗淡）of Betelgeuse” ： a cloud of dust partly hiding it from us.
As one of the largest stars that can be seen by the naked eye, the red supergiant star Betelgeuse is a familiar sight to professional and amateur astronomers alike. That’s perhaps why it was so surprising when the star’s brightness started to drop in October 2019.
This sudden drop caused a speculation that Betelgeuse was about to go supernova（超新星）—that is, reach the end of its life as a red supergiant, break away, and then bounce into a burning explosion so bright that we’d even be able to see it in the daytime. It wasn’t immediately clear to astronomers whether or not that was the case, since a supernova hasn’t been observed in our Galaxy since astronomer Johannes Kepler saw one in 1604.
But it never happened, and by April 2020, Betelgeuse was back to its normal brightness. Now, images of the star, taken with the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope, along with data from the GRAVITY instrument, have shown what happened to it.
The surface of Betelgeuse is always changing. Giant bubbles（气泡）of gas grow, become smaller and move around within the star, and occasionally it lets one go. Before the Great Dimming began, Betelgeuse let one of these bubbles go. Then a part of the star’s surface cooled down, and this temperature drop allowed the gas to cool enough to turn into solid dust.
The cloud of dust partly hid Betelgeuse from the Earth, particularly in the southern part.
“The dust getting away from cool evolved stars, such as the eruption we’ve just witnessed, could go on to become the building blocks of terrestrial planets（类地行星）and life,” said Emily Cannon, a PhD student at KU Leuven. “Looking up at the stars at night, we’ll feel these tiny, shining dots of light seem permanent. The dimming of Betelgeuse breaks this idea.”
63．Why do astronomers feel amazed at the “Great Dimming of Betelgeuse”
A．Because Betelgeuse is familiar to them.
B．Because Betelgeuse was ready to welcome a great explosion.
C．Because Betelgeuse’s brightness started to drop in October 2019.
D．Because Betelgeuse was blocked from us by a cloud of dust partly.
64．What does the underlined word “speculation” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Admission. B．Concept. C．Principle. D．Assumption.
65．What contributes to the formation of terrestrial planets and life
A．The dust from cool evolved stars. B．The shining dots of light.
C．The changing appearance of a star. D．The cooling down of a star.
66．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．A supernova transformed from Betelgeuse.
B．Terrestrial planets and life found by scientists.
C．The idea proved wrong by the dimming of Betelgeuse.
D．The “Great Dimming of Betelgeuse” caused by a cloud of dust.
【答案】63．A 64．D 65．A 66．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文说明的是天文学家们已经发现了“参宿四大暗淡”的原因：一团尘雾在一定程度上掩盖了它。
63．细节理解题，根据第二段“As one of the largest stars that can be seen by the naked eye, the red supergiant star Betelgeuse is a familiar sight to professional and amateur astronomers alike. That’s perhaps why it was so surprising when the star’s brightness started to drop in October 2019.(作为肉眼能看到的最大恒星之一，红色超巨星参宿四对于专业和业余天文学家来说都是熟悉的景象。这也许就是为什么当这颗恒星的亮度在2019年10月开始下降时，它会如此令人惊讶。)”可知，“参宿四大暗淡”之所以让天文学家们震惊是因为他们很熟悉参宿四，故选A。
64．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“This sudden drop caused a speculation that Betelgeuse was about to go supernova（超新星）—that is, reach the end of its life as a red supergiant, break away, and then bounce into a burning explosion so bright that we’d even be able to see it in the daytime.(这一突然的下降引起了一种speculation，即参宿四即将成为超新星——也就是说，达到其红色超巨星的生命的尽头，然后脱离，然后反弹到一个燃烧的爆炸，如此明亮，我们甚至可以在白天看到它。)”可知，根据同位语从句内容可知，此处推断由“参宿四大暗淡”可能会演变成到达其生命的尽头，会变得更明亮，甚至在白天可以用肉眼看见，不过未经证实，由此可推断“speculation的意思“猜测”，与之意思相近的为D项“assumption (假设)”，故选D。
65．细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘The dust getting away from cool evolved stars, such as the eruption we’ve just witnessed, could go on to become the building blocks of terrestrial planets（类地行星）and life,’ said Emily Cannon, a PhD student at KU Leuven.” (鲁汶大学的博士生艾米丽·坎农说:“尘埃远离了凉爽的进化恒星，比如我们刚刚目睹的喷发，可能会继续成为类地行星和生命的基础。”)”可知，来自冷恒星的尘埃有助于类地行星和生命的形成，故选A。
66．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Astronomers have discovered the cause of the “Great Dimming（暗淡）of Betelgeuse” ： a cloud of dust partly hiding it from us.(天文学家已经发现了“参宿四大变暗”的原因:一团尘雾部分地掩盖了它。)”可知，本文主要内容是关于天文学家们找到了参宿四大暗淡的原因，是因为它被尘埃云挡住了一部分，所以D项“由尘埃云引起的参宿四大暗淡。”符合本文的主旨，适合作为本文的标题，故选D。
（2022·安徽淮南·统考一模）Mounting a telescope on the balcony at home, Wang Zhipu, a 16-year-old boy from Fujian province, observes the skies, takes photos and begins his voyage into space after class. Recently, his efforts were rewarded when he won the title of "Young Astronomy Photographer of the Year 2021" in the Royal Observatory Grecnwich's annual astrophotography contest. His winning entry, entitled Family Photo of the Solar System, shows seven of the eight planets lined up horizontally, with the sun on the left and moon on the right,both pictured larger in size than normal.
“All families are unconventional, so I adored this fresh, gently playful concept around the solar system,” said the competition judge Sue Prichard while talking about Wang's picture. “A meaningful technically accomplished work from a rising star of astronomical photography.”
It hasn't been easy taking pictures of outer space. For about half a year, Wang had to calculate the best time to shoot planets when they're opposite the sun in Earth's sky to get the brightest images. What's more, be still needed to wait for clear weather to see better. For example, to capture a clear picture of Mercury, the planet closest to the sun, which is often cited as the most difficult of the five brightest planets to see with the naked eve, Wang tried to shoot it three times in the early morning but failed. At sunset, he shot 10.000 frames of video and selected several thousand better frames to overlay, further refine them and form a more satisfactory picture.
Sometimes Wang would be so absorbed in his observations that he wouldn't go downstairs to fetch a coat, even in the middle of winter. Other times, he stood for hours under the burning sun to get the perfect shot. To get an ideal shot, he often gets up at dawn, sleeps early to wake up at midnight, and even takes time off from evening classes when necessary.
67．What kind of feeling does Sue Prichard show for Wang's prizewinning picture
A．Curiosity. B．Indifference. C．Admiration D．Freshness.
68．What did Wang need to do with the planets in preparation for his photographing
A．Figure out when they shine best B．Find out what their weather is like
C．Work out how far they are from the sun D．Make out when they face the earth most directly.
69．What's the last paragraph mainly about
A．Wang's habits of observing stars B．Wang's choices of shooting occasions.
C．Wang's addiction to shooting skills. D．Wang's passion for outer space.
70．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Stars Twinkling. Teenager Is the Brightest
B．Medals Ghttering, Teenagers Shoots the Gold
C．Eyes on the Stars, Teenager Wins Top Photo-prize
D．Dreams in Heart, Teenager Succeeds in Top Contest
【答案】67．C 68．A 69．D 70．C
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在皇家天文台格列克尼维奇的年度天文摄影比赛中获得了“2021年青年天文摄影师”称号的16岁男孩王志普。
67．推理判断题。根据第二段中“All families are unconventional, so I adored this fresh, gently playful concept around the solar system（所有的家庭都是非传统的，所以我很喜欢这个围绕太阳系的新鲜、温和、好玩的概念）”和“A meaningful technically accomplished work from a rising star of astronomical photography.（这是天文摄影领域一颗冉冉升起的新星在技术上完成的有意义的工作）”，可知，苏·普里查德(Sue Prichard)对王的获奖作品非常赞赏。故选C。
68．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For about half a year, Wang had to calculate the best time to shoot planets when they're opposite the sun in Earth's sky to get the brightest images. What's more, be still needed to wait for clear weather to see better.（在大约半年的时间里，王必须计算出拍摄行星的最佳时间，当它们在地球天空中与太阳相对时，才能获得最亮的图像。 更重要的是，还需要等待晴朗的天气看得更好）”，可知，为了拍摄这些行星，王需要找出它们什么时候最亮。故选A。
69．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Sometimes Wang would be so absorbed in his observations that he wouldn't go downstairs to fetch a coat,even in the middle of winter. Other times, he stood for hours under the burning sun to get the perfect shot. To get an ideal shot, he often gets up at dawn, sleeps early to wake up at midnight, and even takes time off from evening classes when necessary.（有时，王太专注于观察，连大冬天也不下楼去取大衣了。 其他时候，他在烈日下站上几个小时，只为拍到一张完美的照片。 为了获得理想的拍摄效果，他经常黎明起床，早睡到午夜醒来，甚至在必要时从夜校休息）”，可知，最后一段主要讲了王对太空的热情。故选D。
70．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Mounting a telescope on the balcony at home, Wang Zhipu, a 16-year-old boy from Fujian province, observes the skies, takes photos and begins his voyage into space after class. Recently, his efforts were rewarded when he won the title of “Young Astronomy Photographer of the Year 2021”in the Royal Observatory Grecnwich's annual astrophotography contest.（来自福建的16岁男孩王志普(音译)在家里的阳台上安装了望远镜，观察天空，拍照，并在课后开始了他的太空之旅。 最近，他的努力得到了回报，他在皇家天文台格列克尼维奇的年度天文摄影比赛中获得了“2021年青年天文摄影师”的称号）”，可知，文章介绍了在皇家天文台格列克尼维奇的年度天文摄影比赛中获得了“2021年青年天文摄影师”称号的16岁男孩王志普。所以“Eyes on the Stars, Teenager Wins Top Photo-prize”为最佳标题。故选C。
八、七选五
（2022秋·江苏常州·高二统考期末）Some of the world’s most important scientists think the idea of people living on Mars will come true one day. _____71_____ Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense.
However, scientists will need to teraform（地球化）Mars for people to be able to live, which means changing the environment on Mars so that it is similar to Earth’s. One of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up because the average temperature is about-60℃. _____72_____ This could take many centuries. However，it should lead to rainfall and growth of plants, resulting in more air for people to breathe.
Another big concern for scientists is whether humans can move to Mars and still stay healthy in mind and body. As a test, six people lived in a Mars-like environment in Hawaii for a year before “returning to Earth” recently. _____73_____ Some people living there said that one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities. _____74_____One particular organization is planning to send the first humans to Mars before 2030. The organization believes that its project is giving people worldwide the chance to be part of the first human crew ever to live on Mars for good. _____75_____ Regardless, it seems that humans living on Mars may well happen a lot sooner than people believe.
A．However, many experts think it can cost too much money.
B．Stephen Hawking believed humans must move into space to survive.
C．NASA believes new astronauts should be chosen for future missions without delay.
D．One idea for warming Mars is to build factories there that produce greenhouse gases.
E．It will prevent us from learning about the ability of humans to live in a different environment.
F．It was a 1,200-square-foot room that was on the side of a volcano and used the sun for energy.
G．Another important thing was that the people living together should all be able to get along and work together.
【答案】71．B 72．D 73．F 74．G 75．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了很多科学家正在研究将火星“地球化”，使人类得以生存，一个特别的组织计划在2030年前将第一批人类送上火星。
71．根据下一句“Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense(火箭科学家罗伯特·祖布林对此表示同意，并认为从火星开始最有意义)”可知，罗伯特·祖布林对此表示同意，推知，该空是罗伯特·祖布林对另一个人的观点表示同意，因此，B选项“Stephen Hawking believed humans must move into space to survive(斯蒂芬·霍金认为人类必须进入太空才能生存)”切题，该选项说明了斯蒂芬·霍金的观点是人类必须进入太空才能生存。故选B项。
72．根据上一句“One of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up because the average temperature is about-60℃.(火星地球化的主要目标之一是使其升温，因为其平均温度约为-60℃)”可知，火星平均温度约为-60℃，不利于人类生存，使其地球化的目标之一就是升温，因此，D选项“One idea for warming Mars is to build factories there that produce greenhouse gases. (让火星变暖的一个想法是在那里建造制造温室气体的工厂)”切题，该选项承接上文，阐述了使火星升温变暖的方法是建造制造温室气体的工厂，且该选项中的“warming”与上文中的“warm”相呼应。故选D项。
73．上一句提到“As a test, six people lived in a Mars-like environment in Hawaii for a year before “returning to Earth” recently.(作为一项测试，六个人在夏威夷类似火星的环境中生活了一年，直到最近“返回地球”)”以及下一句“Some people living there said that one of the biggest issues was feeling bored.(一些住在那里的人说，最大的问题之一是感到无聊)”可知，为了模拟在火星生活，六个人在夏威夷类似火星的环境中生活了一年，住在那里的人感觉最大的问题是感到无聊，推知，该空应该阐述这六个人具体生活的环境是怎样的，因此，F选项“It was a 1,200-square-foot room that was on the side of a volcano and used the sun for energy. (这是一个1200平方英尺的房间，位于火山一侧，利用太阳提供能量)”切题。该选项中的“room”对应下文中的“living there”。故选F项。
74．根据上文“Some people living there said that one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities.(一些住在那里的人说，最大的问题之一是感到无聊。所以火星上的人类总是需要让自己忙于各种活动)”可知， 六个人在夏威夷类似火星的环境中生活了一年，反馈了一些问题，最大的问题之一是感到无聊，接下来，很可能提到另一些问题，因此，G选项“Another important thing was that the people living together should all be able to get along and work together. (另一件重要的事情是，住在一起的人都应该能够相处，一起工作。)”切题，该选项提到另一个问题是住在一起的人都应该能够相处，且该选项中的“Another important thing”与上文“one of the biggest issues”相呼应，故选G项。
75．上一句提到“One particular organization is planning to send the first humans to Mars before 2030. The organization believes that its project is giving people worldwide the chance to be part of the first human crew ever to live on Mars for good.(一个特别的组织计划在2030年前将第一批人类送上火星。该组织认为，它的项目正在给全世界的人们提供机会，成为有史以来第一批永久居住在火星上的人类宇航员的一部分) ”可知，一个特别的组织计划在2030年前将第一批人类送上火星，推知，该空将阐述这个计划可能会产生的问题，承接上文，A选项“However, many experts think it can cost too much money(然而，许多专家认为这可能会花费太多的钱)”切题，该选项阐述这个计划可能会花费太多的钱。故选A项。
九、图画作文
（2018·北京朝阳·统考一模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你在一月份观看月全食的完整过程，并以“A Memorable Experience”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。 词数不少于 60。
提示词： 月全食 a total lunar eclipse
A Memorable Experience
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 A Memorable Experience
I was really lucky to witness a total lunar eclipse in January, a rare occurrence and natural wonder.
More importantly, I’ve developed an interest in astronomy ever since. One day, I was watching TV with my parents when I learned a total lunar eclipse would occur the next week. The photos of previous occasions in the news report fueled my curiosity. To have a better understanding, I attended a professional lecture about the eclipse at the weekend in the community library, listening to an explicit introduction. Back at home, I searched online for more relevant information.
Finally came the big moment. Excited and amazed, I watched the eclipse with my parents and neighbors.We took photos with cellphones or cameras to record this breathtaking scene. The next day, my classmates and I shared our photos shot from different angles, having a lot of fun.
What a wonderful experience! I admired a magical beauty and accumulated astronomical knowledge.
【导语】本文是看图作文。要求考生根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍在一月份观看月全食的完整过程，并以“A Memorable Experience”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
幸运的：lucky→fortune
养成对……的兴趣：develop an interest in→form an interest in
相关的：relevant→related
令人惊叹的：breathtaking→marvelous
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I was really lucky to witness a total lunar eclipse in January, a rare occurrence and natural wonder.
拓展句：I was really lucky to witness a total lunar eclipse in January, which is a rare occurrence and natural wonder.
【点睛】[高分句型1] One day, I was watching TV with my parents when I learned a total lunar eclipse would occur the next week. (运用了固定句型：be doing...when...)
[高分句型2] Excited and amazed, I watched the eclipse with my parents and neighbors. (运用了形容词作状语)
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高中人教必修三Unit 4 Space Exploration Period 4 Reading for writing
同步检测题（原卷版）
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、根据中英文提示填写单词
1．（2022秋·四川成都·高一统考期中）We must do all that we can to find new ways of reducing the waste of natural r________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
2．（2022秋·高二课时练习）70% of the surface of the g____________ is covered with water. (根据首字母单词拼写)
3．（2022秋·高一单元测试）A heated ________ (争论)finally broke out between the two parties. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
4．（2022春·高一课时练习）We meet________ (定期地), once a month.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
5．（2023·高二课时练习）As far as I’m concerned,concentration on your studies will ______(导致) good grades. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
6．（2020秋·高一课时练习）I have to find ______________________ （一种传输的方法）the objects. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
7．（2020秋·高一课时练习）We're going to try and ______________ （计算出）how the price should change. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
8．（2023·高一校考课时练习）These fish were found in s___ waters around the coast. (根据首字母单词拼写)
9．（2022春·高一课时练习）Firstly, exploring space has already made a d________ in the fight against world hunger. (根据首字母单词拼写)
10．（2023·高一课时练习）As a ______(结果；后果) he had to flee Germany. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
11．（2022秋·吉林四平·高二双辽市第一中学校考阶段练习）Our________ (班长) always comes to our help when we get into trouble even if she is busy. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
12．（2023秋·广西桂林·高一统考期末）Film is a business with_______ (有限的)opportunities for actresses. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
13．（2023·全国·高二专题练习）This books provides a detailed ______ (分析) of the crimes committed by teenagers and their causes. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
14．（2022春·高一校考课时练习）This girl has got used to the new ________ (模式) of family life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
15．（2009·全国·高考真题）The old lady needs a few feather______ （枕头）to make herself comfortable.
二、句型转换
16.（2022春·高二课时练习）He was too careless; as a result, he failed the English test.(句型转换)
（1）He failed the English test _________________________ his carelessness.
（2）His carelessness _________________________ his failure in the English test.
（3）His failure in the English test _________________________ his carelessness.
17.（2023·全国·高三专题练习）A:The accident resulted in the death of two passengers. （同义句转换）
B: The death of two passengers resulted ________ the accident.
汉译英
A.（单词/短语）
（2022秋·高一课时练习）汉译英
18．_________________ v. 包，裹→n.（女用）披肩，围巾
19．_________________ n.（冰或水等的）一大片→v. 覆盖；盖上被单；使成大片
20．_________________ n. 霜→v.（使）蒙上霜，结霜
21．_________________ n. 土壤→v. 弄脏
22．_________________ adj. 浅的→v.（使）变浅
23．_________________ n. 庄稼，作物→v. 种地；有收成；修剪，剪短
B.汉译英（整句）
24．（2023·高一课时练习）我们的班长王华给李老师献上了准备好的花，同时一些女生为李老师唱歌。（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________________________________
25．（2022秋·高一课时练习）为了方便起见，我在智能手机上下载了很多应用程序。（download apps，for convenience）(汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________________________
26.（2022秋·江西上饶·高一统考期末）昨天，医生建议他要经常运动以保持健康。(recommend) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________________________
27.（2023秋·高一课时练习）学校图书馆是一个资源，你可以利用它来取得进步。(定语从句;take advantage of) （汉译英）
______________________________________________________________________________________
28．（2022秋·上海·高二期末）经常坐在一起喝咖啡是家庭重要事件之一。(event) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________________________________________
四、完成句子
29．（2023·高一课时练习）他们只有有限的几本书可供选择。
They only have __________________ of books.
30．（2022春·全国·高一假期作业）然而，错误的判断会产生实际影响，因为它们导致对稀缺资源的错误使用。
However, misjudgments have real impacts, as they ________ ________ misguided use of scarce resources.
31.2023·高一课时练习）As you will see from my resume, I________ for the position.
正如您从我的简历中看到的，我符合这个职位的要求。
32．（2023·高一课时练习）今天早晨，在我去学校的路上，我看到两位妇女在争吵。
When I was on my way to school this morning, I _______ _______ _______ _______.
33．（2023·高一课时练习）如果你想取得进步，弄清楚考试不及格的原因是很重要的。
If you want to make progress, it is ________the reason why you fail the exam.
五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2023秋·山西·校联考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Astronomers have published a major finding___34___(recent): A black hole has been releasing energy from a small star___35___was shredded (吞噬) in 2018, after two years in which it didn’t emit (发射) any such material.
“Super unusual,” said Yvette Cendes, an astronomer at Harvard. “We’ve never really seen this before to this degree.”
Researchers made the___36___ (discover) when they used a___37___ (power) radio telescope facility to check some two dozen black holes where stars had been shredded after ___38___(come) too close to them. Such happenings___39___(call) tidal disruption (潮汐破坏) events, or TDEs.
What they found was that one of the TDEs was emitting energy at an unusual speed__40___at a very surprising time: more than two years after the event.
This behavior is different from what has been observed in black holes before, in two ways. First, the timing: it’s more common___41___(see) radio emissions from black holes within the first few months after swallowing a star. And second, the energy emitted in this case doesn’t quite fit in___42___what astronomers have seen before.
In most cases of black holes swallowing stars, perhaps 99%, the outflow is lower in energy. And in 1% of cases, that outflow, at about half the speed of light, rarely____43____ (occur).
六、完形填空
（2023秋·上海·高一上海市宜川中学校考期末）Telescope Searching for Space Treasure Unearths Giant Planet
A giant planet shrouded(遮盖)in clouds, in orbit(轨道)around a star 385 light years from our sun, has been captured by the James Webb Space Telescope in images described as a “____44____ moment for astronomy.”
In observations led by a British astronomer, the pioneering telescope focused on a “gas giant” planet called HIP65426b. It captured images in infrared light(红外光), which allows astronomers to more ____45___ calculate the mass and temperature of “exoplanets”—the ____46____ for planets in orbit around other stars. It should ultimately allow them to detect clouds moving across their surface, ____47___ alien weather patterns on worlds hundreds of light years from our solar system. The images show the planet as “blobs(斑点) of light” in blue, purple, yellow and red hues under various infrared wavelengths.
The planet is up to 12 times bigger than Jupiter and orbits about 100 times farther from its host star compared with the Earth’s distance from the sun, making it ____48____ for astronomers to separate the planet from its star when attempting to capture images of it. The planet is only 15 to 20 million years old, a fraction of the ____49____ of the Earth, which is 4.5 billion years old. Like Jupiter and Saturn, it has “no rocky surface and could not be ____50____,” NASA said.
The ____51____ of an exoplanet is usually detected when the light from a distant star appears to become less ____52____ at regular intervals, suggesting that a planet is passing across its face once per orbit like a tiny partial eclipse(日偏食). It is extremely difficult to capture a direct image of an exoplanet _____53_____ they are thousands of times fainter than the stars they orbit.
James Webb used an instrument called a coronagraph to _____54_____ light from HiP65426b’ s host star, which lies in the Centaurus constellation(半人马座), “Obtaining this image felt like _____55_____ space treasure,” said Aarynn Carter, a researcher at the University of California. “At first, all I could see was light from the star, but with careful image processing, I was able to remove that light and uncover the planet.”
Analysis suggests that the planet has a red hue and a temperature of 1,300℃. The images could give a clue as to how Jupiter and Saturn looked in their ____56_____ more than four billion years ago.
NASA said, “Webb’s view, at longer infrared wavelengths, shows new details that ground—based telescopes would not be able to detect _____57_____ the intrinsic(本身的)infrared glow of Earth’s atmosphere.”
The telescope has already been used to analyze the _____58_____ make—up of the atmosphere on another exoplanet, WASP—39b, detecting carbon dioxide by analyzing the spectrum(光谱) of light passing through its clouds.
44．A．difficult B．awful C．dramatic D．transformative
45．A．carefully B．precisely C．positively D．quickly
46．A．term B．reason C．explanation D．material
47．A．reporting B．forecasting C．changing D．revealing
48．A．clear B．impossible C．easier D．harder
49．A．time B．age C．history D．distance
50．A．renewable B．habitable C．detectable D．feasible
51．A．form B．component C．existence D．orbit
52．A．gentle B．natural C．warm D．bright
53．A．because B．although C．unless D．as if
54．A．look out B．find out C．block out D．make out
55．A．digging for B．hiding from C．bringing out D．mixing into
56．A．infancy B．childhood C．youth D．peak
57．A．in case of B．in the way of C．regardless of D．owing to
58．A．chemical B．physical C．psychological D．medical
七、阅读理解
（2023·高一课时练习）Does it make sense for countries to invest billions of dollars in space programs when millions of people in their country are living below the poverty line Many people ask this question and I almost tire of answering it.
Let's talk about Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) first. This is a terrible disease in which the victims progressively lose the ability to control their body. It affects almost only boys and shows itself when the boys are around age 5. They're wheelchair-bound by age 12, and will be dead before their 30th birthday. There is no cure. However, there are treatments. They're based on crystalline (晶体) protein structures, whose formation is adversely (不利地) affected by the presence of Earth's constant unidirectional (单一方向的) gravitational field. However, according to a study conducted by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) on the International Space Station (ISS), crystalline protein structures form regularly in microgravity conditions, which allows for targeted drugs designed to "double these boys' life spans (寿命)".
And you want to talk about feeding the hungry We have space lettuce (生菜).And it's structurally and nutritionally equivalent to Earth lettuce. Space is pretty much everything there is, which means you can make a lot of lettuce in space. In fact, one of the potential growth markets in lunar colonization (月球殖民) is food trade. Food can be mass produced and sent to Earth to feed the hungry. By the way, as far as I am concerned, as for feeding the hungry, food distribution is the issue rather than food supply.
Space exploration is one of the best things that humanity has ever done.
59．What do people want to know by asking the question in Paragraph 1
A．Whether there is a cure for DMD．
B．How many people live below the poverty line.
C．How much money is spent on space programs.
D．Whether space programs benefit people on Earth.
60．What can be learned about DMD
A．It seems to spare girls.
B．Its cure lies in the ISS.
C．It gets serious in microgravity conditions.
D．Its patients need wheelchairs their entire life.
61．What is the author's attitude to growing food in space
A．Doubtful. B．Positive.
C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring.
62．The text is most probably taken from a ________.
A．website to buy and sell the newest space products
B．website to ask questions and get quality answers
C．legal document
D．science fiction
（2022·山西长治·山西省长治市第二中学校校考模拟预测）Astronomers have discovered the cause of the “Great Dimming（暗淡）of Betelgeuse” ： a cloud of dust partly hiding it from us.
As one of the largest stars that can be seen by the naked eye, the red supergiant star Betelgeuse is a familiar sight to professional and amateur astronomers alike. That’s perhaps why it was so surprising when the star’s brightness started to drop in October 2019.
This sudden drop caused a speculation that Betelgeuse was about to go supernova（超新星）—that is, reach the end of its life as a red supergiant, break away, and then bounce into a burning explosion so bright that we’d even be able to see it in the daytime. It wasn’t immediately clear to astronomers whether or not that was the case, since a supernova hasn’t been observed in our Galaxy since astronomer Johannes Kepler saw one in 1604.
But it never happened, and by April 2020, Betelgeuse was back to its normal brightness. Now, images of the star, taken with the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope, along with data from the GRAVITY instrument, have shown what happened to it.
The surface of Betelgeuse is always changing. Giant bubbles（气泡）of gas grow, become smaller and move around within the star, and occasionally it lets one go. Before the Great Dimming began, Betelgeuse let one of these bubbles go. Then a part of the star’s surface cooled down, and this temperature drop allowed the gas to cool enough to turn into solid dust.
The cloud of dust partly hid Betelgeuse from the Earth, particularly in the southern part.
“The dust getting away from cool evolved stars, such as the eruption we’ve just witnessed, could go on to become the building blocks of terrestrial planets（类地行星）and life,” said Emily Cannon, a PhD student at KU Leuven. “Looking up at the stars at night, we’ll feel these tiny, shining dots of light seem permanent. The dimming of Betelgeuse breaks this idea.”
63．Why do astronomers feel amazed at the “Great Dimming of Betelgeuse”
A．Because Betelgeuse is familiar to them.
B．Because Betelgeuse was ready to welcome a great explosion.
C．Because Betelgeuse’s brightness started to drop in October 2019.
D．Because Betelgeuse was blocked from us by a cloud of dust partly.
64．What does the underlined word “speculation” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Admission. B．Concept. C．Principle. D．Assumption.
65．What contributes to the formation of terrestrial planets and life
A．The dust from cool evolved stars. B．The shining dots of light.
C．The changing appearance of a star. D．The cooling down of a star.
66．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．A supernova transformed from Betelgeuse.
B．Terrestrial planets and life found by scientists.
C．The idea proved wrong by the dimming of Betelgeuse.
D．The “Great Dimming of Betelgeuse” caused by a cloud of dust.
（2022·安徽淮南·统考一模）Mounting a telescope on the balcony at home, Wang Zhipu, a 16-year-old boy from Fujian province, observes the skies, takes photos and begins his voyage into space after class. Recently, his efforts were rewarded when he won the title of "Young Astronomy Photographer of the Year 2021" in the Royal Observatory Grecnwich's annual astrophotography contest. His winning entry, entitled Family Photo of the Solar System, shows seven of the eight planets lined up horizontally, with the sun on the left and moon on the right,both pictured larger in size than normal.
“All families are unconventional, so I adored this fresh, gently playful concept around the solar system,” said the competition judge Sue Prichard while talking about Wang's picture. “A meaningful technically accomplished work from a rising star of astronomical photography.”
It hasn't been easy taking pictures of outer space. For about half a year, Wang had to calculate the best time to shoot planets when they're opposite the sun in Earth's sky to get the brightest images. What's more, be still needed to wait for clear weather to see better. For example, to capture a clear picture of Mercury, the planet closest to the sun, which is often cited as the most difficult of the five brightest planets to see with the naked eve, Wang tried to shoot it three times in the early morning but failed. At sunset, he shot 10.000 frames of video and selected several thousand better frames to overlay, further refine them and form a more satisfactory picture.
Sometimes Wang would be so absorbed in his observations that he wouldn't go downstairs to fetch a coat, even in the middle of winter. Other times, he stood for hours under the burning sun to get the perfect shot. To get an ideal shot, he often gets up at dawn, sleeps early to wake up at midnight, and even takes time off from evening classes when necessary.
67．What kind of feeling does Sue Prichard show for Wang's prizewinning picture
A．Curiosity. B．Indifference. C．Admiration D．Freshness.
68．What did Wang need to do with the planets in preparation for his photographing
A．Figure out when they shine best B．Find out what their weather is like
C．Work out how far they are from the sun D．Make out when they face the earth most directly.
69．What's the last paragraph mainly about
A．Wang's habits of observing stars B．Wang's choices of shooting occasions.
C．Wang's addiction to shooting skills. D．Wang's passion for outer space.
70．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Stars Twinkling. Teenager Is the Brightest
B．Medals Ghttering, Teenagers Shoots the Gold
C．Eyes on the Stars, Teenager Wins Top Photo-prize
D．Dreams in Heart, Teenager Succeeds in Top Contest
八、七选五
（2022秋·江苏常州·高二统考期末）Some of the world’s most important scientists think the idea of people living on Mars will come true one day. _____71_____ Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense.
However, scientists will need to teraform（地球化）Mars for people to be able to live, which means changing the environment on Mars so that it is similar to Earth’s. One of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up because the average temperature is about-60℃. _____72_____ This could take many centuries. However，it should lead to rainfall and growth of plants, resulting in more air for people to breathe.
Another big concern for scientists is whether humans can move to Mars and still stay healthy in mind and body. As a test, six people lived in a Mars-like environment in Hawaii for a year before “returning to Earth” recently. _____73_____ Some people living there said that one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities. _____74_____One particular organization is planning to send the first humans to Mars before 2030. The organization believes that its project is giving people worldwide the chance to be part of the first human crew ever to live on Mars for good. _____75_____ Regardless, it seems that humans living on Mars may well happen a lot sooner than people believe.
A．However, many experts think it can cost too much money.
B．Stephen Hawking believed humans must move into space to survive.
C．NASA believes new astronauts should be chosen for future missions without delay.
D．One idea for warming Mars is to build factories there that produce greenhouse gases.
E．It will prevent us from learning about the ability of humans to live in a different environment.
F．It was a 1,200-square-foot room that was on the side of a volcano and used the sun for energy.
G．Another important thing was that the people living together should all be able to get along and work together.
九、图画作文
（2018·北京朝阳·统考一模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你在一月份观看月全食的完整过程，并以“A Memorable Experience”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。 词数不少于 60。
提示词： 月全食 a total lunar eclipse
A Memorable Experience
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