人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and scientists Word Study 课件（38张ppt)）

(共38张PPT)
Unit1 Science and Scientists
选择性必修2
Word Study
Learning goals:学习目标1'
1.To learn some useful words and phrases.
2.To practise them in exercises.
问题导学3'
1.What are the important words and phrases in this unit
Can you list them out
2.Can you finish some exercises with the important exam points
。
单词预读
Step 3点拨精讲 23’
1. cholera n. 霍乱 /U/
2. severe a. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的
severely adv.严重地; 严厉地; 严格地
severity n. /U/
the severity of the problem
问题的严重性
3. diarrhoea /diarrhea [ da 'r ] n.腹泻 (the runs 腹泻)
4. dehydration n. 脱水
dehydrate vt. 使脱水，使干燥;vi.（人体的）脱水，失水
die from severe dehydration
死于严重脱水
5. frustrated a. 懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的
frustrating adj. 使人沮丧的，令人泄气的
frustrate vt. 使懊恼;使沮丧
frustration n.懊恼;沮丧
6. once and for all 最终地;彻底地
It is time that we dealt with the issue once and for all.
completely adv. 完全地; 彻底地
entirely adv. 全部地; 完整地; 完全地
7. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的
contradictorily adv. 反驳地; 矛盾地
contradict vt. 反驳；相矛盾；驳斥；相抵触
contradiction (between A and B) n. 矛盾，不一致
8. infection n. 感染;传染
9. infect vt. 使感染;传染
infectious adj.传染性的；感染的
infected adj. 被感染/影响的
10. germ n. 微生物;细菌;病菌; (pl. germs)
Disinfectant kills germs.
消毒剂可杀菌。
11. subscribe v. 认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)
subscriber n. 用户，订户; 定期捐款者; 签署者
12. subscribe to sth 同意...;赞同...
subscribe to the resolution
赞同这项决议
13. proof n. 证据;证明;检验
prove v.证明
14.multiple a. 数量多的;多种多样的
multiply vt.& vi. 乘; （使）相乘; （使）增加; （使）繁殖;
15. pump n. 泵;抽水机;打气筒; 帆布鞋 (pl. pumps)
16. water pump 水泵
17.household n.家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人 (pl. households)
adj.[用于n.前] household bills/chores/goods 家庭账单/杂务/用品
18. suspect vt.＆vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
suspect sb of sth/of doing sth 怀疑某人有......罪
19. blame v. 把…归咎于;责怪;指责 n. 责备;指责
sb be to blame 某人应受责备
pump
pump
20. handle n.把手;拉手;柄 vt. 处理;搬动;操纵(车辆/动物/工具等)
21. intervention n. 介入;出面;干涉
intervene v.干涉；介入
22. link n. 联系;纽带 vt. 把……连接起来;相关联
link...to/with.... 把...和...联系起来
23. raw a 未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的
raw material
原材料
24. pure a. 干净的;纯的;纯粹的
pure water 纯净水
purely adv. 完全地;纯粹地; 纯洁地
purify v.净化
25. substantial a. 大量的;价值巨大的;重大的
substantially adv.本质上;实质上; 大体上; 充分地; 相当多地;
substance n. 物质;材料
26. decrease n. 减少;降低;减少量(by表增减的幅度to表增减到)
vt.＆vi.(使大小、数量等) 减少;减小;降低
reduce v. 减少 fall v. 减少;下降; 减小
drop v. 降低; 减少 increase v. 增加 rise v. 上升; 增长
27.thanks to 幸亏;由于 (状)
28.statistic n. [pl. statistics ]统计数字;统计资料;统计学
29.transform vt. 使改观;使改变形态 vi. 改变;转变
transformation n. 变化; <核>转换; <语>转换; <电>变换;
30. epidemiology n. 流行病学
epidemic adj.流行性的,传染的 n.流行病
epidemiologist n.流行病学家
31.microscope n. 显微镜
under a microscope 在显微镜下
32.thinking n. 思想;思维;见解
thought n. 想法; 看法; 主意
think v. 认为; 思考;
microscope
telescope
microscope
33.protein n. 蛋白质
Rice contains protein and fat.
大米中含有蛋白质和脂肪。
34.cell n. 细胞;小房间;单间牢房 (pl. cells)
blood cells 血细胞
35.virus n. 病毒 (pl. viruses)
the flu virus 流感病毒 virus infection 病毒感染
36.finding n. 发现;调查结果;(法律)判決 (pl. findings)
the findings of the commission
委员会的调查结果
37.initial a. 最初的;开始的; 第一的
my initial reaction 我最初的反应
initially adv. 开始; 最初
38.vaccine n.疫苗 (pl. vaccines)
take a vaccine (against...) 接种疫苗
taken a vaccine against Covid-19 接种抗冠状病毒的疫苗
39. framework n.框架;结构 (pl. frameworks)
40. theoretical framework 理论框架
41. solid a. 可靠的;固体的;坚实的 n. 固体
solidly adv. 坚固地; 牢靠地; 团结一致地
solid food 固体食物
have no solid evidence 没有确凿的证据
42.cast vt.( cast cast) 投射;投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
cast a welcoming smile 微笑以示欢迎
The moon cast a bright light over the garden. 月亮在院子里撒下清辉。
43.shadow n. 阴影;影子;背光处 (pl. shadows)
cast a shadow on... 在某处投下/留下影子; 给...蒙上阴影
44.rainbow n. 彩虹 (pl. rainbows)
cast a rainbow 照出一道彩虹
45.pour vt. 倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)
46.concrete n. 混凝士 a. 混凝土制的;确实的;具体的
a concrete floor 混凝土地面
concretely adv.具体地
47.plasma n. 血浆
The blood is made up of blood cells and plasma.
48. aerospace n. 航空航天工业 (pl. aerospaces)
aero- 空气的; 空中的; 飞行器的
aeroplane/airplane/plane n.飞机
49. patriotic a. 爱国的
patriotically adv.爱国地；忧国地
50. mechanical a. 机械的;发动机的;机器的
a mechanical problem
一个机械问题
mechanically adv. 机械方面地; 机械地; 物理上地; 呆板地
51. mechanic n. 机械师;机械修理工 (pl. mechanics)
a car mechanic 一个 汽车修理工
52. break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
53. aviation n. 航空制造业;航空;飞行 /U/
aviate vi. 驾驶飞机，乘坐飞机; vt. 驾驶（飞机）;
aviator n. 飞机驾驶员，飞行员=pilot
54. defend vt. 保卫;防守;辩解
defence/defense n. 防御; 国防
55. jet n. 喷气式飞机 (pl. jets)
56. assistant n. 助理;助手 (pl. assistants )
a sales/shop assistant in a department store
一名百货公司售货员
57. in charge of... (某人) 主管...;掌管...
58. missile n. 导弹 (pl. missiles)
nuclear missiles 核导弹
a missile base/site 导弹基地 / 发射场
59. leadership n. 领导;领导地位;领导才能
lead vt. 领导; 带领 leader n. 领袖; 领导; 首领
under the leadership of... = under one's leadership 在...的领导下
60. trace vt. 追溯;追踪;查出 n. 痕迹;遗迹;踪迹
trace back to... 追溯到...
date back to/from... 始于; 追溯到
go back to... 追溯到
61. outstanding a. 优秀的;杰出的;明显的
excellent adj. 优秀的; 很好的; 好极了
striking adj. 显著的; 引人注目的
62. gifted a. 有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的
gift n. 礼物; 天赋 have a gift for… 对…有天赋
be gifted in...... 在...方面有天赋
e down 患(病);染上(小病)
come down with... 染上...病;患上...病
come down with a heavy cold患上重感冒
64. abstract a. 抽象的;理性的 n. (文献等的)摘要
abstract knowledge/principles 理论知识；抽象原理
abstractly adv.抽象地，理论上地
65. steady a. 稳定的;平稳的;稳步的
steadily adv. 稳定地; 持续地; 稳固地;
a steady job/income 稳定的工作/收入
Ready, steady, go! = Ready, set, go !
(赛跑口令)各就各位,预备,跑!
Dongfeng missiles
Dongfeng missiles
66. concept n. 概念;观念 (pl. concepts)
grasp the basic concepts of mathematics
掌握数学的基本概念
67. astronomer n. 天文学家 (pl. astronomers)
68. astronomy n. 天文学
69. telescope n. 望远镜
binoculars n. 双筒望远镜
microscope n. 显微镜
70. besides prep.除……之外(还) adv. 而且;此外
beside prep. 在…旁/附近
71. brilliant a. 聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的
brilliance n.才华; 光亮，光辉 brilliantly adv.灿烂地;出色地;
72. furthermore ad. 此外;再者
=moreover = what’s more = besides= in addition
73. above all 最重要的是;尤其是
all in all 总而言之 after all毕竟 in all/total总共
first of all 首先 not at all 一点也不
74. fault n. 弱点;过错 (pl. faults)
It is one’s fault for doing sth ...是某人的过错
75. shift n. 改变;转换;轮班 vi.＆vt.转移;挪动;转向
76. vivid a. 生动的;鲜明的;丰富的
vividly adv. 生动地
vividness n.（色彩、光线等）鲜艳; 活泼; 生动; 逼真
Step 4课堂小结1’
Words:
1. cholera n. 霍乱 /U/
2. severe a. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的
3. diarrhea /diarrhea [ da 'r ] n.腹泻 (the runs 腹泻)
4. dehydration n. 脱水
5. frustrated a. 懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的
......
单句语法填空
1.They felt ___________ (frustrate) at the lack of progress.
2.The local government is ___________ (blame) for not informing the public of the case in time.
3.But the information I got was rich and varied, or even ______________(contradict).
4.As an adult, we have to learn ___________ (handle) stress.
5.Those who lack resistance are more likely to ___________ (infect) with the virus.
6.Prior to _________(join) this company in 2015, Bequelin was employed as a senior researcher.
7.We tend __________(think) that the decades immediately following World War Ⅱ was a time of prosperity and growth.
8.Internet shopping is quite popular among Chinese people and has become a new way of _____________(consume).
9.___________(tire) and hungry, the tourists wanted to find a restaurant to have something to eat.
当堂检测(15')：
frustrated
to blame
contradictory
to handle
be infected
joining
to think
consumption
Tired
当堂检测：15’ 填空
1.When the father’s business failed, the family came ____________.
2.The characters in the book are ____________ (vivid) presented.
3.He has many ____________(fault), but cruelty is not one of them.
4.And we’ll ______________ (倒出) about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass.
5.We can t______________(改变) the world with our knowledge.
6.The police don’t know who committed the crime, but they s____________ (怀疑) Johns.
7.The Great Wall was built to __________ __________ __________ ________ foreign invaders. 长城是用来防御外来入侵者的。
8.I have no idea _______________________________ when the manager is away. 经理不在时，我不知道谁来管理公司。
9.They bought a truckload of food and had it_________(deliver) to the church’s parking lot.
down
vividly
faults
pour
ransform
uspect
defend the country against
who will be in charge of the company
delivered
应用文写作
假定你是李华, 你校即将举行“给农村小学捐书” (Donating Books to Rural Primary Schools)活动, 现向全校招募志愿者, 你的笔友Peter来信向你咨询有关情况, 请你写一封回信, 要点如下:
1. 简单介绍该项活动;
2. 志愿者所需条件。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
Delighted to receive your letter inquiring something about Donating Books to Rural Primary Schools, I am writing to inform you of some detailed information.
The activity is aimed to help rural primary schools by sending various kinds of books to those students, which can not only broaden their horizons, but also cultivate their capabilities of thinking and learning independently and critically. Additionally, the volunteers should be diligent and optimistic, assuring them to face some setbacks during the process of this activity.
If you have any questions about this project, please contact me without any hesitation.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
1. ____________(霍乱 ) used to be one of the most _________ (fear) diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could ______________(overcome) . 2. The man ________________(infect) ______ cholera. 3. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so _________ (severe) _______ more than 500 people died in ten days.
4. ______ general, doctors in those days had two _____________ (contradict) theories _____________ (explain) how cholera spread. 5. Your actions ______________(contradictory) your words. 6. Runners can ______________(dehydration)very quickly in this heat. 7. His illness causes severe _____________ (腹泻), ______________(脱水), ________ even death. 8. As a young doctor, John Snow became ______________ (frustrate) because no one knew how ______________(prevent) cholera.
1
Cholera
feared
be overcome
has been infected
with
severe
that
In
contradictory
to explain
contradict
dehydrate
diarrhoea
dehydration
and
frustrated
to prevent
1. Another was that cholera was caused by an ___________ (infect) from ___________(germ) in food or water.
2. The drug ___________(suspect) __________ causing over 200 deaths.
3. John Snow suspected __________ the water pump was to blame. 4. She doesn’t blame anyone _______ her father’s death.
5. The US president put the blame ______ China.
6. He was unwilling ____________(subscribe) ______ the agreement.
7. There were ____________(multiply) deaths near the water pump in Broad Street documents at the library.
However, some ____________(household) (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.
infection
germs
is suspected
of
that
for
on
to subscribe
to
multiple
households
1. The President _______________(intervention) personally ____ the crisis last year. 2. Moreover, John Snow was later able to show ______link __________other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. 3. The country has to import most of _____ raw ___________(material) .
4. Through John Snow’s __________(tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a _______________(substantially) decrease. 5. They are making every effort ______________ ( decrease) the production cost ______ 20%.
6. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, _________ (由于) the work of John Snow.
7. Recent _____________ (statistic) suggest 30％ or more of college students cheat in ________ exams.
intervened
in
a
between
its
materials
tireless
substantial
to decrease
by
thanks to
statistics
their
1. Moreover, in his use of _________(map) and ___________ (statistic),John Snow _______________(transform) the way ____________________scientists study diseases.
2. _________________(transform) hills into fields is an extremely tough job. 3. I believe she will transform the child _______ a speaker. 4. Fish is _______ rich source of _________ (protein) . 5. The virus is not ____________(pass) on through touching or shaking hands.
6. What was the _________(find) that John Snow announced
7. Even if that’s the case, though, the above ___________(find) are still _________(strike) .
8. __________________(我最初的反应) was to refuse his offer.
maps
statistics
transformed
that/in which/×
To transform
into
a
protein
passed
finding
findings
striking
My initial reaction
1. ______________(patriotic) , he buys only U.S.-made products.
2. ______________(describe) as a man with “great scientific ____________(think) and scientific spirit” who was __________ (patriotic) and ___________(serve) his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man. 3. He nodded ______________( mechanic) , his eyes ________(fix) on the girl. 4. The train stopped due to a ______________( mechanic) problem. 5. He worked as a motor _____________( mechanic). 6. However, after the Songhu Battle broke _______ in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to ___________(aviate) because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
7. The young doctor is ______________(掌管) the hospital.
8. The hospital is ______________(掌管)the young doctor.
Patriotically
Described
thought
patriotic
served
mechanically
fixed
mechanical
mechanic
out
aviation
in charge of
in the charge of
1. Mathematics is connected with _____________(astronomy).
2. Hawking's own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by _____________(astronomy) ________ telescopes.
3. Besides ____________(work) as a doctor, he also writes novels _______ his spare time.
4. Besides ________(be) brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes ___________(care) in what he said or did.
5. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his _______(fault).
6. It was his fault _______ we were late ______ the conference.
7. Attitudes to the poor people ____________(shift) in recent years.
8. They are taking turns to be _______________(上夜班) .
astronomy
astronomers
with
working
in
being
careless
faults
that
for
have shifted
on the night shift
1. The guidance systems didn’t work ______ the missile couldn’t hit _______ target.
2. ________ Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng ___________(missile) , ___________(follow) by the first generation of Long March rockets.
3. Many countries praised his ___________(lead) during the crisis. 4. I could _________(trace) my family tree back ____ ______ 17th century. 5. The police have found some _________(trace) of the robbers.
6. He __________(gift) ______ a charming smile.
7. Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and _________(gift) scientists _____ physics.
and
its
Under
missiles
followed
leadership
trace
to
the
traces
was gifted
with
gifted
in