人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture Discover useful structures课件 (30)

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Discovering useful structures
Unit 3 Food and Culture
The past perfect tense and its passive voice
Enable the Ss to master the usage of past perfect tense and its passive voice in this unit.
Enable the Ss to use the relevant grammar flexibly.
Teaching Goals
Step1 学习目标 1’
Step2 问题导学 5’
What’ s the strucure of the past perfect tense and its passive voice
What’ s the usage of past perfect tense and its passive voice
How to use the relevant grammar flexibly
1.We started to learn English 5 years ago.
一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。
2. We have learned English for 5 years.
现在完成时表示动作从过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态.
其结构为：“助动词 have（has）+过去分词”
5 years ago now
5 years ago have learned now
Revision
Step3 点拨精讲 25’
When Li Hua got to the bus station
yesterday, the bus had already left.
昨天当李华到达车站时，公共汽车车已经开走了。
过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，
即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。　　　　　
过去完成时的概念与结构特点:
past in the past
past
now
过去完成时的判断依据:
由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
first
first
We had learned English for 4 years by last year.
5 years ago last year now
had learned
由时间状语来判定
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。
( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。
( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。
the policeman get to the shop
Tom run away
By the time the policeman _______(get) to the shop, Tom __________(run) away.
got
had run
Exercises
his grandma
come from America
Li Hua grow up
By the time his grandma ________(come)
from America, Li Hua______________
(grow) up.
came
had grown
active
passive
The room looked nice. Somebody had cleaned it.
The room looked nice. It had been cleaned.
had done
had been done
基本构成
“过去的过去”
had not done
had not been done
1. 在 told，said，knew，heard，thought 等动词后的宾语从句。
e.g. She said (that) she _______________(be) to Paris.
Basic usage
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had been
I thought I ____________(send) the letter
a week before.
had sent
2. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，
发生在先，用过去完成时；
发生在后，用一般过去时。
e.g. When the police arrived, the thieves
____________ (run) away.
When she returned home, she found that all her
furniture ______________(ruin) by the flood.
had run
had been ruined
3. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect，think, intend, mean等,
用过去完成时表示“原本… , 却未能…”。
e.g. We __________ (hope)that you would come,
but you didn’t.
I ______________(intend)to see you , but I had to look after my baby.
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had hoped
had intended
4. 在by, by the end of, by the time, before,
后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句。
e.g. By the end of last year,
we _____________ (produce) 20, 000 cars.
The train ________ (leave) before
we reached the station.
had produced
had left
By nine o'clock last night，we ________(get) 200 pictures
from the spaceship.
had got
5. 表示“一……就”的句型：
“hardly/scarcely+had done+when did”
“no sooner+had done+than did”
I had hardly entered the room when the light went out.
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
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6. 过去完成时常用于一些固定句型：
(1) It / This / That was the first / second ...
time + that 从句，
从句谓语动词常用过去完成时
e.g. It was the third time that he
_____________ (mention) his mother in his speech.
(2) It/That was the +形容词最高级+名词+that+主语
+had done
e.g. It was the most interesting movie that I _____________(watch).
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had mentioned
had watched
Present perfect or past perfect
Comparision
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As far as I know, they ________ (live) in this city for twenty years.
They ________ (live) in this city for twenty years before they moved to Shenyang.
have lived
had lived
过去完成时:发生在“过去的过去”
现在完成时:发生在过去但与现在相关
比较：I ___________(learn) 1，000 English words so far.
到目前为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。
I ___________(learn) 1，000 English words by the end of last term.
到上学期为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。
have learned
had learned
过去完成时与现在完成时的区别：
现在完成时表示的动作发生
在_____，但侧重对_____产生的结果或造
成的影响；而过去完成时表示的动作不
仅发生在过去，而且把时间推移到过去
某一时间之前，即“____________”，与
现在时间不发生联系，通常在和过去某
时或某动作相比较时就会用到它。
过去
现在
过去的过去
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Step4:课堂小结 1’
时态 结构
用法
过去完成时 主动：had done
动作发生在过去的某个时间/动作之前
被动：had been done
Hardly (1) ______I_____(get) up this morning when I had a strange feeling that it wasn't going to be my day. I (2) ______________(intend) to have a big breakfast, but I had no time. I got up so late that I had to hurry to the bus stop to catch my bus. Unfortunately, I (3)__________
(step) on a banana peel and fell on my backside. What’s worse, by the time I got to the bus stop, the bus (4)____________(leave). I had no choice but to run. It was the first time that I (5)__________(run) to school. When I got to the classroom, I suddenly realized that it was Sunday. It is the worst day that I (6)___________ (have) in the past few years.
Complete the following passage.
had got
had intended
stepped
had run
had left
have had
Consolidation
Step5 当堂检测 15’
Fill in each blank with the proper verb form:
He said that he ___________ (write) that letter.
Before he arrived, the train __________(leave).
By then, they ____________ (work)for eight hours.
When she got to the cinema, the film ____ already ____ (be) on for 15 minutes.
Mary told me she ___________(meet) my mother before.
By six o’clock yesterday evening, I ____________(finish) my homework.
I went to Li Hong’s house, but he ____________(go) out.
8. The universities in Britain _____________ (take) in many students from China and other Asian countries over the past few years.
had written
had left
had worked
had been
had met
had finished
had gone
have taken
Thank you
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【2020·浙江卷】Some time after 10,000 BC，people made the first real
attempt to control the world they lived 56． ，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57． could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.Farming produced more food per person 58． hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60．________(change)lives.By about 6000 BC，people 61． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the 62． (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63． (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with 64． rise of science，changes began. New methods 65． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
当堂检测 12’
in
what
than
was needed
to change
had discovered
seasons
making
the
meant
7.表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中的使用：
wish/would rather/if only/as if/as though/if等。
I wish I had seen him in person yesterday.
我真希望昨天见到了他本人。
I wish I had been there at that time.
那时候我要在那儿就好了。
If only I had followed your advice!
我要是听了你的劝告就好了！
If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.
如果我快点的话，我就不会误了火车。
（事实上我不在那儿。）
（事实上我没见到他。）
Last Sunday, I (1)_____________(intend) to go for an outing, but it began to rain early in the morning. So I went to the movies with my boy friend.
had intended
go for an outing
begin to rain
go to the movies
Learn the sentence patterns.
An unlucky day
(eat up) (get up)
By the time I (2) _____(get) up, my dog (3)___________(eat) up all my breakfast on the table.
got
had eaten
past
present
6:00
7:00
9:15
9:30
Then I went to see the film, hungry. When I (4) ___________(arrive) at the cinema, the (5) film __________ (be) on for 20 minutes.
arrived
had been
(arrive)
(be on)
past
present
It was the first time that I (6)__________(see) a film with my boy friend.
It was the most interesting movie that I (7)_____________(watch).
had seen
had watched
Hardly (8) _____ I ______(get) out of the cinema when I (9)______(meet) some friends.
had got
(get out of the cinema)
(meet friends)
met
present
past
We had dinner and talked happily. But when I was going to pay, I found my wallet and mobile phone (10) ______________(steal). What an unlucky day!
had been stolen
Useful expressions：
1. when, by, before, after, until, since, for等
2. 主语+had intended/planned/wished/hoped/expected…to do
3. It/That was the first/second/…time+that+主语+had done
4. It/That was the +形容词最高级+名词+that+主语+had done
5. Hardly/Scarcely had sb. done when sb. did…
No sooner had sb. done than sb. did…
intend to do
do one’s homework
get to the airport
take off
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When the Titanic was built, people assumed it would never sink. So, when it sank on its first journey, the news (1) __________ (surprise) everyone greatly.
The Titanic was built in Belfast, Ireland. Its makers (2) _______ (spend) a great deal of money building the extraordinary ship.
surprised
spent
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When it was finished, it was the largest and most comfortable ship ever built.
The Titanic set sail on 10 April 1921. ‘I (3) _____________ (want) to set foot on the Titanic ever since it was built,’ said Molly Brown, a Titanic survivor. ‘I never imagined it would sink.’
had wanted
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On 13 April, the Titanic was sailing at full speed towards New York. The captain, who (4) ____________ (receive) warnings about icebergs all day, had missed the warnings as they (5) _________ (arrive).
had received
arrived
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At 2.20 a.m., the Titanic sank into the sea. It (6) _______ (hit) an iceberg just over two hours before. Of the 2,208 people aboard the ship, only 705
(7) _________ (survive).
Explorer Robert Ballard
(8) ___________ (search) for the Titanic for more than 20 year before he found it.
had hit
had searched
survived
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‘When new technology was developed, we (9) _____ (use) it to send cameras down into sea. Finally, we found the ship. With his cameras, he was able to find the hole along the side of the ship which (10) ___________ (cause) it to fill with water and sink.
had caused
used
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Cai Lun is a famous Chinese inventor, known for inventing paper. Cai invented paper in AD 105, but (1) __________ many times at first. Before his invention worked, Cai (2) ________ many different parts of trees and plants to make
The inventor of paper
hear try catch fail show
had failed
had tried
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paper – even old fishing nets! After Cai invented paper, people all over China used it. At that time, however, no one (3) ___________ of Cai or paper in the West. Paper was spread to the West through the Arabs, who learnt how to make paper in AD 751.
had heard
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They (4) ____________ several Chinese paper makers during a war,
who then told them about Cai’s invention. Once the paper makers (5) ____________ people how to make paper, it came into widespread use all over the world.
had shown
had caught
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Sum up
过去完成时的结构：
过去完成时的用法：
过去完成时的否定形式：
　　　　 过去完成时的疑问形式：
主语＋had not／hadn’t + done + 其它.
Had+主语＋p.p.+其它
主语＋had + done
强调过去某一个动作发生在
另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。
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Practice
1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ______ when he ______ at the party.
　　A. left； had arrived B. left； arrived
　　C. had left； had arrived D. had left； arrived
2. We ______ four thousand new words 　　
A. had learned B. have learned
　　C. learned D. will have learned
　
D
by the end of last year.
A
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1. I at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
A.am B. has been C. had been D.was
2. When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He her before.
A.never saw B. had never seen
C. Never sees D. has never seen
C
B
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1. Hurry up! Alice amd Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
Oh! I thought they without me.
A. went B. are going
C.have gone D. had gone
2. The policeman's attention was suddenly caught by a small box which placed under the Minister's car,
A. has been B. was being
C. had been D. would be
D
C
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1. Did Linda see the traffic accident
No, not sooner than it happened.
A. had she gone B. she had gone
C. has she gone D. she has gone
2. That was really a splendid evening. It's a year I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when B. that
C. before D.since
A
D
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