2023年安徽省中考英语总复习一轮复习：第6讲-阅读理解（四）表格式教案

课程主题： 阅读理解（四）2023年安徽省中考英语总复习一轮复习
学习目标 1. 掌握主旨大意类阅读理解的考查类型；2. 掌握主旨大意类阅读理解的解题技巧。
教学内容
【进门测试】Only humans speak using words. But all kinds in the animal world can communicate in one way or another. Maybe you have heard about the way bees dance around to send messages to each other and the way dogs bark in different ways to give warnings, to be friendly or to be playful. But did you know about infrasonic communication used by elephants This is how it works:Humans hear low sounds like thunder rumbling in the sky. But we don’t hear sounds lower than this. However, animals such as elephants and hippos can hear much lower sounds than humans can. And what’s more, they can make those low sounds as well, and they use them to communicate with each other. This is known as infrasound. The amazing thing about infrasound is that it travels over several kilometers. Higher-level sounds like the one people can hear, don’t travel well through walls, leaves, trees and so on, which is why we can’t hear sounds from more than 100 meters away. But infrasound is much stronger and things like grass and trees have no influence on it. Therefore, it can travel much further. Elephants can hear infrasonic calls from four kilometers away!There have been reports of people watching groups of elephants feeding or resting and then the elephants suddenly all stopped what they were doing for no reason at all. They obviously heard a warning call from a long way away, but the people didn’t hear a sound. In places like a zoo or wildlife park where you can get nearer to animals, it is a bit easier to sense when infrasonic sounds are made. When you stand near mother elephants with their babies in a zoo, you may notice a slight rumbling in the air every few minutes—not loud or strong, but clearly noticed. This is infrasonic communication—the mother elephants “talking” to their babies. 37. Why does the writer mention bees and dogs in Paragraph1 A. Because they use infrasonic communication. B. Because they communicate like the elephants.C. Because they are examples of animal communication.D. Because people want to learn how they communicate.38. Which of the following is TRUE about ‘infrasound’ A. Humans can hear infrasound easily.B. It travels nearly several kilometers.C. It sounds low but can’t travel very far. D. It travels well through walls, leaves and so on.39. In places like zoos, ________.A. elephants don’t need to make infrasonic soundsB. it is easier for elephants to make infrasonic soundsC. mother elephants don’t let people stand near their babiesD. humans can easily sense infrasonic sounds when they are made40. Which would be the best title for the passage A. Talking to humans B. Talking to animalsC. Playing with humans D. Playing with elephants【答案】CDDB【解析】37. 细节题。根据第一段开头可知作者提到密封和狗是因为这些是动物沟通的例子。所以选C。38. 细节题。根据第三段内容But infrasound is much stronger and things like grass and trees have no influence on it.可得答案。所以选D。39. 细节题。根据最后一段内容In places like a zoo or wildlife park where you can get nearer to animals, it is a bit easier to sense when infrasonic sounds are made. 可得选D。40. 主旨题。分析全文可知文章的标题是“动物交谈”。所以选B。【多元导学】本节课我们将继续学习主旨大意类阅读理解，请你思考一下常见的命题方式有哪些？1）____________________________________________2）____________________________________________3）____________________________________________ 【互动精讲】主旨大意类阅读【知识梳理1】主旨大意类题目的特点主旨是文章的核心，即文章的中心思想或主题。主旨题主要是考查考生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结。这类题大约占总题量的30%。主旨题一般会放在第一个或者最后一个考。这类题要求阅读时不但要看懂个别的句子，而且要能够根据作者思路的展开，把握作者在整片文章中的观点，因此必须看懂全篇文章的意思。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。 【知识梳理2】常见的命题方式1. 主题类（1）The main idea/ key point of the passage is ________.（2）The passage is mainly about ___________.（3）The topic discussed in the passage is ________. （4）What is the passage mainly about （5）Which of the following statements best express the theme of the passage （6）What’s the main point/main idea/central thought of the passage 2. 标题类（1）The best title/headline for this passage might be______.（2）The text (passage) could be entitled __________.（3）The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is ________. （4）What is the best title for the passage （5）Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage 3. 作者意图类（1）The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is ___.（2）The passage is meant to __________.（3）The purpose of this article is _______.（4）The author’s purpose is to show _______.（5）The purpose of the writer in writing this passage is _______.（6）The writer writes this text to _______. （7）The writer believes/suggests that _______. （8）In this passage the writer tries to tell us that ______.【例题精讲】1. 主题类例1.Hi, my name is Murray Wenzel. But my friends call me Muz, Muzza, Wenz or even Moon. Yes, I have lots of nicknames. But in Australia, where I am from, that’s quite common.In fact, most men in Australia call their friends something other than their real name. It is part of our culture to shorten or make up names for those we know and love. For example, one of my friend’s names is Alex, but we call him Al. Another is named Jayson, but everyone knows him as Jase. In Australia most men called William are known as Bill, while Jeremy is Jez, James is Jim and Joseph is Joey.Sometimes we use the person’s surname in their nickname, like my friend Karl Schussig who we call Schuzza. Sometimes we combine them, like my friend Troy Cassels being called TC. And we sometimes make up a new name for our friends. My friend Nathan’s nickname is “Prez”, because when we first met he joked that I should call him “El Presidente”.Even more confusing is when we are given ironic(讽刺的) nicknames. For example, a man with red hair will be known as Bluey, a tall man will be called Shorty or a large man will be known as Slim.Most of my friends call me Muz, but those who I play hockey(曲棍球) with call me Moon. However, my parents still call me Murray.So, I have different names depending on who I am talking to. Nicknames are so popular that sometimes people forget what the person’s real name is.I think it is our way of showing affection to those we are close to.33. Which of the following about nicknames is NOT true A. Nicknames are sometimes one’s surname. B. One person usually has only one nickname. C. It’s common to have a nickname in Australia.D. Nicknames are often used between friends.34. “Bill” is the nickname of .A. Murray B. Jeremy C. William D. Joseph35. Nathan’s nickname comes from .A. a joke B. his full name C. hockey D. his surname36. What does the passage mainly talk about A. The importance of nicknames in Australian. B. A brief introduction of nicknames in Australia.C. The reason why people have nicknames in Australia.D. The meaning of a nickname for a person in Australia.【答案】BCAB【解析】33. 细节题。根据第一段内容Yes, I have lots of nicknames.可知选项B不正确。34. 细节题。根据第二段内容 In Australia most men called William are known as Bill,...可知选项C正确。35. 细节题。根据第三段内容My friend Nathan’s nickname is “Prez”, because when we first met he joked that I should call him “El Presidente”.可知Nathan的昵称来自一个玩笑。所以选A。36. 主旨题。分析文章可知主要讲的是在澳大利亚的昵称介绍。所以选B。例2.What do you know about Hainan Apart from its warm sunshine, golden beaches and blue seas, the province has some other interesting features. This year marks the 30th anniversary of the establishment(建立) of Hainan province. It’s a good time for us to take a closer look at the island province.China’s southernmost cityIf you are bored of Hainan’s more popular tourist cities, such as Sanya and Haikou, you may want to go to Sansha instead. Sansha is China’s southernmost city. It includes many small islands, sandbanks and reefs in the Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha island groups. Its government is seated on the island of Yongxing. Since Sansha was established in 2012, a hospital, a library and a movie theater have been built on Yongxing. Over 2.5 million plants have been planted there to protect the environment.The “migratory birds”Migratory birds fly from the north to the south in winter. In China, a group of people are also referred to as “migratory birds”. Every year, from October to April, people from all over China go on holiday to Hainan to enjoy the warm weather and fresh air. Most of them are elderly people from northern China, especially Northeast China. According to the Hainan local government, more than 1 million elderly choose to spend their winter in Hainan each year. These elderly “migratory birds” also encourage younger family members to join them on the sunny island.A famous forum(论坛)People in other countries might not know about Hainan, but they probably know about Boao. Boao, a town in Hainan, became China’s first permanent(永久的) site for hosting international meetings in 2001. Every year in April, the Boao Forum for Asia, a nongovernmental international organization, hosts its annual meetings. Officials, business people and experts from different countries come to Boao to discuss economic issues.The forum has been important for the development of Asian cities. Hainan and Boao have both benefited(收益) greatly from hosting the conferences. More restaurants and hotels have been built, creating more jobs for locals. An airport was opened in 2016. The forum has helped Hainan build itself into an international tourism destination.
28. What’s the main idea of this passage A. A famous forum in Boao.B. China’s southernmost city.C. The elderly “migratory birds”.D. Interesting features of Hainan. 29. If you visit Sansha, you can enjoy natural views like __________.① small islands ② a library ③ a movie theater ④ sandbanks ⑤ reefsA. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①④⑤ D. ②③⑤30. What’s the purpose of holding a forum in Boao A. To develop Hainan. B. To create jobs for locals.C. To discuss economic issues. D. To benefit from hosting the forum.31. Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage A. Besides Sanya and Haikou, Boao is another popular tourist city.B. More than 1 million young couples go to Hainan in winter each year.C. Every year in April, the Chinese government holds the Boao Forum for Asia.D. Hainan has become an international tourism destination because of the forum.【答案】DCCD【解析】28. 主旨大意题。根据Apart from its warm sunshine, golden beaches and blue seas, the province has some other interesting features.可知文章主要是介绍了海南岛一些有趣的特点，故选D。29. 事实细节题。根据Sansha is China’s southernmost city. It includes many small islands, sandbanks and reefs in the Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha island groups.可知选C。30. 推理判断题。根据Officials, business people and experts from different countries come to Boao to discuss economic issues.可知论坛的主要目的是讨论经济事宜，故选C。31. 推理判断题。根据The forum has helped Hainan build itself into an international tourism destination.可知D选项是正确的。2. 标题类例1.The cat named Sugar belonged to Mr. and Mrs. Woods. Her fur was white like sugar. That is how she got her name. The cat was sweet like sugar too. She was a pleasant pet. She did have a bump on one leg, but Mr. and Mrs. Woods thought that Sugar was just fine.The Woods family lived in California. They had lived there for a long time until one day they had to move to another state. It would be a long drive to their new home and Sugar did not like to ride in a car. The family did not know what to do.The neighbors who lived next door wanted a cat and said they would keep Sugar. Sugar would not have to move or ride in a car. Everyone thought that would please her.The Woods family packed the car. They said goodbye to Sugar. They would miss their cat, but Sugar would have a comfortable home.The Woods family moved to Oklahoma, which was far from California. They started a new life and were cozy, but they often thought of their cat. One day Mrs.Woods was in the barn. A cat came in the open door. The cat was wet and dirty, but, under the dirt, its fur was white. It was white like sugar.The cat purred softly and jumped into Mrs. Woods’ arms. Mrs. Woods felt she knew the cat, but her cat lived far away. Then she saw something. There was a bump on its leg! The cat was Sugar!Mr. and Mrs. Woods learned that Sugar had run away from home. Somehow the cat had walked more than 1,000 miles. The trip had taken the cat more than one year. They did not understand how Sugar had found them, but they were delighted that she did!32. Paragraph 1 mainly tells .A. where the Woods family lived B. when the Woods family got SugarC. why Sugar ran away D. what Sugar looks like33. Sugar got her name because .A. of the color of her fur B. she was a sweet catC. the Woods family liked her D. of the bump on her leg34. How did Sugar get to Oklahoma A. She moved with the Woods family. B. A neighbor brought her.C. She walked a long way. D. She flew on an airplane.35. What is the best title for this passage A. A Strange Cat B. A Pleasant JourneyC. Sugar Comes Home D. Say Goodbye To Sugar【答案】DACC【解析】32. 细节题。根据第一段，讲到了猫的毛是白色的，而且它的一条腿上有肿块，综合这些叙述可知选D。33. 细节题。根据第一段第二句和第三句可知选A。34. 细节题。根据最后一段可知选C。35. 主旨大意题。根据文章开头就写到了这只猫，然后搬家将Sugar给了邻居，到最后Sugar walked很长一段路重新来到这个家，可知答案为C。3. 作者意图类例1.Today I am going along with Rowan Dougall, a postman in Queensland in the far north of Australia, on his daily delivery (投递) trip. Every day, Rowan sets off with his post bags in the tail of his little plane—not much bigger than a large family car, and flies across one of the wildest places on Earth, Australia’s Cape North, to reach the very faraway inland areas called the Outback.We fly just 300 metres above dangerous crocodiles (鳄鱼) and snakes. This is one of the longest and most expensive postman trips in the world. However, a 50-cent stamp not only gets a letter posted to a neighbouring town, it will get it hand-delivered by flying postman to the furthest areas of the Outback. To help with the costs, the plane takes three or four paying local people or tourists, and I am one of them. In the back of the plane, there is a pile of post—envelopes of all sizes, newspapers, and a few parcels (包裹). Somehow I expected this post to look special, maybe to include some hats or cowboy boots, but this looks no more exciting than the post delivered to me in England. I look at some of the names and addresses, wondering about the people who are waiting for these letters and parcels.Rowan’s route is 2,000 km long, with 15 stops, and I get a chance to meet Sandy, who has just received an order of clothes from a store. “I look forward to this weekly delivery,” she says, “but I do miss actually going shopping myself.” Rowan is checking the time. There are another ten stops to make before dusk (黄昏). Time to leap back on the plane and up into the air. 39. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the text A. To describe postal delivery services in the Outback.B. To show the wild beauty of the Australian Outback.C. To warn about the dangers to postmen in the Outback.D. To get more support for postal services in the Outback.【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。从第一段的导入，到第二段的过程描述，再到最后一段的快件送达，可知选择A项。【课堂检测】阅读理解限时训练（每篇5-8分钟）1.On the last evening of my mom’s most recent trip to visit me in London, she sat across the table peeling pomegranate(石榴) seeds into a big bowl.“Eat this tomorrow after I’m gone, you lazy bee,” she teased, dismissing the piles of books, clothes and electronics across the table waiting to be packed into her luggage.Mom knows me too well: pomegranate seeds are my favorite. They never appear on my food schedule though, as I lack the patience to peel them properly. Mom doesn’t have the patience either, except when it comes to feeding me. Her hands moved gently and swiftly, while her eyes looked carefully at the small watery little seeds, attentively trying not to crush(压碎) them.When I woke up the next day and opened the fridge. Sure enough, waiting for me was a clear jar of perfect smooth and shiny pomegranate seeds. Ever since I left home to study in London ten years ago, food has been a big part of mom’s London visits. With each trip, she would be sure to fill the entire fridge with hand-made dumplings, rice cakes, rice puddings, sesame filled sweet dumplings and many other sweets I struggle to find English translations for. I love watching her turn the loose white flour into moon-shaped dumplings magically, and place them neatly into a tray. Whenever it’s time to say goodbye, mom would never say that she misses me, or that she loves me. Instead, she’ll just say: “don’t starve yourself while I’m not with you”. That’s because she belongs to a generation where food is an expression of love. At that time, her favorite after-school activity was visiting an old granny, who would feed her rice mixed with sesame oil. “Mmm… that’s the best food we could hope for back then,” she would say.In her generation, people would greet each other saying “Have you eaten ” We don’t do that in China anymore, but I still look forward to the tradition of my whole family gathering together to prepare food across a big kitchen table at special occasions, such as the Chinese New Year. Such sweet childhood memories have stayed with me. It’s funny that living in the super health-conscious city of London has taught me to think about food in terms of calories and carb content. Well, mom’s home-made dumplings don’t have any food labels. No calorie calculation, no fat percentages, nothing on the package telling me to eat my “five a day”. Instead, every bite of mom’s food tastes of love, and of the feeling of home.32. Mum peeled pomegranate seeds on the last evening because ______.A. she was good at peeling fruit B. she loved me -- her daughterC. they were her own favourite fruit D. I was too lazy to peel them for her33. Each time my mom came to London, she would ______.A. buy different kinds of fruit for me B. make traditional British food for meC. make traditional Chinese food for me D. fill the kitchen with all kinds of things34. According to the passage, people of my mother’s generation greet each other by ______.A. saying “Have you eaten ” B. making home-made dumplingsC. visiting an old granny with food D. sharing food like cakes and puddings35. Which of the following is most likely to be the title A. A Chinese mom’s favourite food B. Food that a Chinese mom can makeC. The healthiest food in the world D. Food -- a cheerful way to show love【答案】B C A D【解析】32. 事实细节题。从“Eat this tomorrow after I’m gone, you lazy bee,”可以看出妈妈剥石榴是为了给我吃的，里面饱含了妈妈对我的爱，故选B。33. 事实细节题。从With each trip, she would be sure to fill the entire fridge with hand-made dumplings, rice cakes, rice puddings, sesame filled sweet dumplings and many other sweets I struggle to find English translations for.可以看出每次妈妈来伦敦看我，都要给我准备很多传统的中国食物，故选C。34. 事实细节题。从In her generation, people would greet each other saying “Have you eaten ” 可知妈妈那个时代都是通过问“你吃过了吗？”来打招呼，故选A。35. 主旨大意题。纵观全文，都是在细腻地描述以为妈妈通过为孩子准备各种各样的食物来表达对孩子的爱，故选D。 2. There is a special kind of hotel in Quebec, Canada. It has a bar, a church, a shop and a small theater. These things are not unusual. But this hotel is only open from January to March every year. Why Because it is made of ice and snow. When the weather gets warm, the hotel melts(融化)and closes. Every winter, the hotel owners build the hotel again. Everything in the ice hotel is made of ice and snow. All the furniture, such as the tables and chairs, is made of ice. Even the beds are made of ice! So people use special sleeping bags on the ice beds. Inside the ice hotel, the temperature is about 27 F (-3 C).When people sleep, the sleeping bags keep them warm. In the morning, they can have a hot breakfast. After breakfast, people can enjoy winter activities. They can go skiing or ice fishing. Or they can go skating in the dining room. At the end of the day, people can relax at the bar. They can have drinks in glasses made of ice. Many people enjoy the ice hotel every year. But they can only enjoy it for a short time before it melts again.26. Every year, this hotel is only open for .A. about a year B. two seasons C. about three months D. four weeks 27. People can go in the dining room after breakfast.A. skiing B. skating C. fishing D. swimming28. What's the best title of this passage A. An Unusual Hotel B. A Warm Hotel C. A Common Hotel D. An Old Hotel【答案】CBA【解析】26. 属于细节题。根据第二行January till March可知是3个月，答案选C。27. 属于细节题。根据第三段第二三句可知早餐过后可以go skiing，答案选B。28. 属于文章大意题。文章所说的酒店是指开3个月，所以是An Unusual Hotel比较合适，答案选A。【要点回顾】主旨大意类命题方式：1）主题类；2）标题类；3）作者意图类。【温故知新】Let’s suppose it is a common day of 2060. Of course, things have changed and life is very different.Trips to the Moon are being made every day. Taking a holiday on the Moon today is as easy as taking a holiday in Europe in 2016. At a number of scenic spots (风景胜地) on the Moon, many hotels have been built. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the Moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of the young and old.What are people eating now People are still eating food. But many foods now come in pill form, and the food that goes into the pill comes mainly from green plants. Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farm. It is possible to run the farm by just using a few computers.People are now largely vegetarians (素食者), and they eat only bread, vegetables, fruit and so on and they don’t eat meat or fish. You see, as the number of people increases, the number of animals decreases. So people have to be vegetarians. We are healthier both in our bodies and in our minds, and we know how to deal with all kinds of illnesses. No one has to be ill any more.36. The passage mainly talks about .A. trips to the Moon in 2060 B. developed farming in 2060C. what our lives would be like in 2060 D. what people would eat in 206037. What is true according to the passage A. Entertainment is provided only on the Moon.B. Many farms on the Moon have beautiful views.C. It takes the whole day to travel to the Moon.D. It’s easy to take a holiday in Europe at present.38. The food we eat in 2060 .A. is green in the colour B. is the same as today C. has a lot of pills in it D. is mainly made out of green plants39. What does the underlined word “decrease” mean in Paragraph 4 A. To become less. B. To become exact.C. To become larger. D. To become unknown. 40. We are healthier because of the following EXCEPT that .A. what we eat is green food B. we can treat any illness C. we are largely vegetarians D. we run the farm by using computers【答案】CDDAD【解析】36. 主旨大意题。通读全文可推断答案为C。37. 细节判断题。根据第二段的内容：Taking a holiday on the Moon today is as easy as taking a holiday in Europe in 2016.可知D项正确。38. 细节判断题。根据第三段的内容the food that goes into the pill comes mainly from green plants.可知选D项。39. 词义猜测题。根据第四段的as the number of people increases, the number of animals decreases.，句意为：随着人类的增加，动物就会减少。40. 细节判断题。根据第三段的内容It is possible to run the farm by just using a few computers.可知D项正确。预习思考教学建议：老师引导学生根据图片引出本节课的主题—任务型阅读（一）。