2023年安徽省中考英语总复习一轮复习：第1讲-动词的时态和语态 (一)-教案

课程主题： 第1讲 动词的时态和语（一） 2023年安徽省中考英语总复习一轮复习
学习目标 1.掌握时态的基本类型及基本用法2.了解语态的基本类型及基本用法
教学内容
【进门测试】1. —May I speak to Mr Wang —Sorry. He______ a speech now. Please call later.A. gives B. gave C. will give D. is giving2. I know a little about Thailand, as I_______there three years ago.A. have been B. have gone C. will go D. went3. —Where were you last Saturday —I ______ in the Capital Museum.A. am B. will be C. was D. have been4. —Shall we go out for a swim —Sorry, I can’t. I _______ housework for my mother now.A. am doing B. is doing C. are doing D. did5. —Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS!—Sorry, I ________it.A. don’t see B. didn’t see C. haven’t seen D. won’t see6. —Where is your English teacher I’m looking for him everywhere.—He _______ the Internet in the computer room.A. will search B. has searched C. searched D. is searching7. —Hey, Tom. Let's go swimming. —Just a moment. I_______ a message.A. send B. sent C. am sending D. have sent8. —Bob has gone to California.—Oh, can you tell me when he ________ A. has left B. left C.is leaving D. leaves9. Tom wants to be a singer and he_____ singing lessons to do it.A. took B. has taken C. is taking D. was taking.10. —I’ve not finished my project yet.—Hurry up! Our friends _______ for us.A. wait B.are waiting C.will wait D．have waited【答案】1-5DDCAB; 6-10 DCBCB【多元导学】教学建议：老师引导学生根据不同的内容进行分析，从而总结出图片的变化，来引入本节课时态的教学。【互动精讲】初中时态基本概念及用法【知识梳理1】基本概念时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。【知识梳理2】基本分类1、一般现在时2、一般过去时3、一般将来时4、现在完成时5、现在进行时6、过去进行时时态谓语动词形式例句一般现在时be动词、行为动词原形或第三人称单数形式1. I like sports.2. He likes sports. 3. She is a good teacher. 一般过去时be动词、行为动词过去式We had a great time yesterday.一般将来时will/be going to +动词原形1. They will go to the cinema next week.2. He is going to have a picnic with his family tomorrow. 现在进行时am/is/are+动词的现在分词形式1.My parents are watching TV now. 2.I am looking for my purse. 现在完成时have/has+动词的过去分词 Lily has learned English for three years.过去进行时was/were+动词的现在分词形式We were talking loudly when the teacher came in. 过去完成时had+动词的过去分词We had already learned nearly 1000 words by the end of last term. 过去将来时would或was/were going to+动词原形He told us he would have a party in his house this weekend. 【知识梳理3】用法详解一般现在时1）经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：It seldom snows in Suqian now.2）现在的特征或状态。例如：He loves sports.3）普遍真理，一般规律。例如：Light travels faster than sound.4）可以用来表示一个按规定，计划，安排或时刻表要发生的情况，一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。通常用来表示学期什么时候要开学、结束；飞机、火车、汽车、船只等交通工具什么时候要到达，什么时候要离开等时刻表上已有安排的活动。动词一般限于少数几个，如：begin, start, stop, arrive, come, go, leave, return, open, close, be等例如：My plane leaves at 11 a.m. tomorrow. 5）在if, when, as soon as, until, after, before等连接词引导的时间或条件状语从句中，从句中谓语动词要用一般现在时，主句要用将来时。例如：Turn off the light before you leave./ We will start as soon as you are ready.结构：主语+do\does\am\is\are（动词原形或是三单）一般现在时应注意以下几点：a. 在间接引语中，如果转述的是客观真理、一般规律、谚语俗语，一般现在时时态保持不变。例如：He said the earth is round. b. if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的情况；但if作为"是否"意思时，其引导的宾语从句如果表示将来的情况则用一般将来时。When作为"当......时候"，引导状语从句时，从句用一般现在时表示将来的情况，如：When he comes, I will let you know；如果引导的是宾语从句，表示"什么时候"，则将来的情况仍然用一般将来时，如：I don't know when he will visit me.c. 一些时间副词如seldom, usually, sometimes, often, never, every day等既可以用于过去时，也可以用于一般现在时。要注意区分。例如：He often goes swimming. / He often went swimming in 1999.【例题精讲】例1. —Look, what have you done —Sorry. I think if I _____ another chance, I’ll do it better.give B. will be given C. will give D. am given 【答案】 D【解析】 容易看出本题是if引导的条件句，遵循主将从现的原则。例2.Let’s go fishing if it ___ this weekend. But nobody knows if it____.A. is fine, will rain B. will be fine, rains C. is fine, rains D. will be fine, will rain【答案】 A【解析】前半句中if引导的是条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将来；后半句if的意思是"是否"，引导宾语从句，周末下不下雨是未来的事情，用一般将来时。例3. Is your father a doctor Yes, he is. He________ in Town Hospital. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked【答案】 D【解析】"光比声音传播速度快"是科学真理，在间接引语中一般现在时保持不变。2、现在进行时表示此刻的行为：表示说话此刻正进行的行为，句中可有now, at the moment等时间状语,也可无表示现在时间的状语。如:It is cold now, so she is not wearing a skirt.表示现阶段的行为：表示现阶段正在进行(但说话此刻不一定在进行)的行为，句中可有now, thesedays(years,…)this week(year,…)等时间状语，也可无此类状语。如：How are you doing at school this term 表示经常反复的行为：表示在现阶段经常反复发生的行为，常带有某种感彩(或褒或贬)，句中常always, constantly, continually, forever等时间状语。如：You are constantly changing your minds.表示将来的行为：表示按计划，安排在最近的将来要发生的行为，此时动词多为表示行止往返(如:go,come,leave, arrive等)，以及其他许多动词(如:do, finish, retire, spend, send等)；句中多有表示将来时间的时间状语。如：The plane is taking off at 10:30 a.m.结构：主语+am\is\are+doing（现在分词） 注意：表示状态和感觉的动词如果指现在情况的话，一般不用于进行时，而要用一般现在时。这样的动词有：love, like, hate, want, hope, need, wish, know, understand, remember, belong, hear, see, seem, have(有), sound(听起来), taste（尝起来）等。【例题精讲】例1.—Where’s your mother, Helen —She________ the flowers in the garden.
A. waters B. watered C. is watering D. has watered【答案】C【解析】问什么答什么！谈话中问妈妈现在在哪儿，可知妈妈正在花园里给花浇水；用现在进行时态。例2.Hurry up! It's time to leave. --OK, ________.A. I'm coming B. I'll come C. I've come D. I come【答案】A【解析】现在进行表将来的用法："I'm coming"意思是"我就来"。现在进行时表示最近按安排要进行的动作。例3. I see him go out. He _________ his homework at home at the moment.A.can do B.can be doing C.can’t be doing D.can’t doing 【答案】C【解析】此题是现在进行时和情态动词的联合考查，首先根据前一句：I see him go out， 判定此人不在家，而后看到at the moment， 说明时态应为现在进行时，故选择C。例4. I think I _______ what he wants now. A.am understanding B.understand C. understanding D. Understand【答案】B【解析】 此题即为现在进行时的特殊用法：表示状态和感觉的动词不用现在进行时，即使有明显的时间状语now, at present也仍然用一般现在时。3、一般过去时1）表示过去某时发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性动作）。常见的时间状语有：yesterday, last night/week, a month ago/ ten years ago和过去时间in 1990, in 2006等。例如：She often came to help me when I was in trouble.2）发生的时间不是很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的。例如：How nice to see you here! I thought you were out.结构：主语+did（动词过去式）注意：区分一般过去时和过去进行时。A:一般过去时表示过去发生的事情，侧重结果；B:过去进行时只表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作，而不涉及结果。例如：He was writing a letter last night.（不知道是否写完了）He wrote a letter last night. (结果写完了)【例题精讲】例1. Simon________ his fingers when he was cooking the dinner. A. burnt B. was burning C. has burnt D. had burn【答案】A【解析】burn此处为瞬间动词，表示"烫着"，而不能表示持续地烫着，"当他在做饭的时候，他烫着了手指"，一般过去时在此处表示结果。例2. John _______ at his uncle’s for 3 days and he is now at home. A. stayed B. has stayed C. had stayed D. was staying 【答案】A【解析】此题学生极容易受 “for 3 days” 影响而选择现在完成时态，注意现在完成时的第二个用法：动作发生在过去，且动作一直持续到现在，需要用可持续性动词，但若现在的状态已经发生了变化，则不用完成时态，第二句说明约翰此时已经在家了，故不用现在完成时，而只是强调过去在他的叔叔家呆了三天，用一般过去时态。例3. —I’m sorry you have missed the bus. It_________ five minutes ago. —What a pity! was leaving B. has left C. left D. Leaves【答案】C【解析】属于典型的根据各时态特有的时间状语来选择时态的题目，题中"five minutes ago"可知是指过去的事情，且表示的是结果，用一般过去时。例4.—Mr. Johnson, we have found your watch.—My watch！Thank you. Where____ it 　A. do you find B. have you found C. did you find D. were you finding【答案】C【解析】"发现"的动作为过去的事情，表示过去的结果，故用一般过去时。不规则动词过去式表格原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式amwasdrinkdrankhearheardmaymightsleepsleptareweredrivedrovehidehidmeanmeantspeakspokebecomebecameeatatehithitmeetmetstandstoodbeginbeganfeelfeltholdheldputputsweepsweptbringbroughtfindfoundhurthurtreadreadswimswambuyboughtflyflewkeepkeptrunrantaketookcancouldgetgotknowknewsaysaidteachtaughtcatchcaughtgivegaveleaveleftseesawtelltoldcomecamegowentletletsellsoldthinkthoughtdo/doesdidgrowgrewloselostsingsangwearworedrawdrewhave/hashadmakemadesitsatwritewrote【课堂练习】Mr. White gave Lucy a nice gift and she ___________ (thank) him very much. If I ___________ (have) a rest when he comes, please ask him to wait for a while in my office.Tom is worried about Jane because she ________ (suffer) from stress these days. 【答案】thanked 2.am having 3.is suffering 【知识梳理4】语态的基本概念及用法1. 语态：英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。2. 主动语态与被动语态的转化：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词 ( http: / / zhidao. / search word=谓语动词&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8 )改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词 ( http: / / zhidao. / search word=谓语动词&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8 )之后（有时可省略）。例： We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态主语 谓语 宾语 状语That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语3.用被动的情况(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者）(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Luxun.这本书是他写的。 【知识梳理5】不同时态的被动语态时态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are +过去分词We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。一般过去时was/were+过去分词A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。一般将来时will/shall/be going to be+过去分词The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。现在进行时am/is/are +being + 过去分词The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。过去进行时was/were +being + 过去分词The talk was being given at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候正在作报告。现在完成时have/has been+过去分词The flowers have been watered.这些花已经被浇了。情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词（其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变）例1：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。例2：Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）例3：Can tables be made of stone 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）【例题精讲】例1.The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it _________.A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented 【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：自从手机发明后，它在很大程度上影响了人们的生活。根据句意判断用一般过去时，手机与动词invent在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。例2.It is said that an Asian Culture Village_________inside the AYG, Village in Nanjing in the coming Asian Youth Games period.A. builds B. is building C. will be built D. was built 【答案】C【解析】根据文中It’s said that以及the coming可知为将来时，根据句意可知本题为被动语态，故为将来被动语态。【课堂练习】用括号内动词的适当形式填空1.she _______________ (tell) the good news as soon as it arrived.2.The book ________________ (write) by the young girl several years ago.3.A new building __________(build) at our school now.4.I don't believe you've already finished reading the book which ________(lend) to you this morning！【答案】was told ；was written； is being built ；was lent 【课堂检测】单项选择1.—I’d like you to tell me something about Shen Nongjia. —I’m sorry, but neither Jack nor I ____ there.A. have been B. had been C. have gone D. has gone2.－How long _ you _ _ this book －For two weeks.A. did; borrow B. have; borrowed C. have; kept D. will; borrow3. 一 I didn't see you at the meeting yesterday. Why 一I ________ for an important telephone call at that moment.A. wait B. waited C. am waiting D. was waiting4. I saw him in the library yesterday. He______ a book at that moment.A. reads B. is reading C. was reading D. will read5. —Sorry, I’m late. Has the meeting begun —It doesn’t matter. The meeting _______ for several minutes.A. has just begun B. has just been over C. has just been on D. has just ended—Jack, I haven't seen your uncle for a long time. —He ______ Shanghai on business for two months.went to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been to7. The twins didn't go to the theatre, they_ _ the light music all night.A. have enjoyed B. will enjoy C. are enjoying D. were enjoying8. — Do you know the moving story of Jack and Rose — Of course. I_______ the film Titanic several times.see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen9.—Would you like to watch the three-D film Titanic with me —Certainly . I don’t mind seeing it again although I _______ it twice.A. saw B. was seen C. have seen D. had seen10. — I called you yesterday evening, but you didn’t answer it. 　 — Oh, I 　__　 a walk with my parents at that time.A. took B. was taking C. am taking D. take11. — Dave, we will leave in 10 minutes. Are you ready — No, I ______ our guide book and towels yet.A. don't pack B. didn't pack C. have packed D. haven't packed12. —Linda, I called you this morning, but nobody answered the phone. —I'm sorry. I ______football with my friends then.A. play B. played C. am playing D. was playing13. He _______ Luzhou for three months.A. has left B. has come to C. has gone to D. has been away from14. —“Did you borrow the comic book from the library ” — “Yes. I______ it for three days. I’ll return it this afternoon.”A. borrowed B. kept C. have borrowed D. have kept15. He _______ in the factory for three years before he joined the army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work16. —I went to see you yesterday evening. But you weren't in. Where were you then —I________ a walk by the lake with my husband.A. was having B. am having C. have had D. have17. The astronaut is so tired that he ______ for eleven hours.A. has been asleep B. has fallen asleep C. has gone to bed D. has gone to sleep18. The reporter said that the UFO east to west when he saw it.A. travel B. traveled C. was traveling D. has traveled19. —Was Kate at the party last night —Yes, she ________ a really nice dress.A.is wearing B. was wearing C. would wear D. has worn20. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _______ the dinner already.A. had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked21. Nobody knew what _______ after ten years.A. will happen B. are happening C. would happen D. has happened22. Linda, with her parents, _______ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon.A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to23. —Is that Mr. Wang speaking —Sorry, he isn’t in. He_______abroad for a trip. A. has been B. is going C. has gone D. will go24. Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she _______ the film.A. sees B. saw C. will see D. has seen【答案】1-5 ACDCC 6-10 CDCCB 11-15 DDDDC 16-20 AACBA 21-24 CACD二、用所给词的适当形式填空1. —What do you think of my plan —Sorry. What’s that I ___________ (listen) to my favourite song. 2. Shouldn’t he ___________ (pay) more though he doesn’t mind doing extra work for the company 3. The paintings he devoted all his life to ___________ (show) successfully last week.4. Every time such a foolish mistake ________(make), Miss Gao will get very angry.5. With all lights on, the classroom ________ (become) as bright as day when they got there.6. Any confirmed H1N1 flu case should _______ (report) to the central government and the public openly and immediately.7. Carl was woken up at 4 a.m. by a strong shake because the family dog _____ (try) to pull him out of bed.【答案】was listening 2. be paid 3.were shown 4. is made 5. became 6. be reported 7. was trying 三、短文填空There is a beautiful island located(位于) at the outer east side of the Zhujiang River mouth, which(1)______(call) Hong Kong. It lies to the west of Macao and (2)________(face) to the South China Sea. On the north it is connected(相连) with the Shenzhen Special Economical Zone.It (3)__________(cover)about 1,075 square kilometers (平方公里) and includes three main parts—Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula(半岛) and New Territories. There are more than six million people in Hong Kong, of which about 98 percent are Chinese. Its weather is suitable and its scenery（风景） is very beautiful.Although its area isn’t very large, its economy（经济）（4）_________(develop)quickly. Today’s Hong Kong (5)_______ already________ (become) the famous heart of the international trade, finance(金融), shipping, travel and information. It (6)_______(keep) the foreign trade relations with over 170 countries. It has a lot of skyscrapers(摩天大楼) and docks. It attracts several million travelers all over the world.About 109 years ago, Hong Kong (7)_______ (occupy) (强占) by the English invaders （侵掠者）and (8)______(rule) for nearly one century. This is the great shame（耻辱） for the Chinese nation.On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the embrace(怀抱) of our motherland again. This is one of the greatest events in the 20th century. It (9)_________ (end) the English rule. It shows that Chinese people have wiped out the shame. It(10) _______(write) in the historical records forever.【答案】1．is called. 2. faces 3. covers 4 develops 5. has；become 6.keeps 7. was occupied 8. ruled 9. has ended 10. will be written【解析】这里是表示被叫做......,选用被动语态。跟前面的“lies”保持时态一致。描述“覆盖的面积”这一客观事实，属于一般现在时。描述“发展速度快”这一客观事实，属于一般现在时。根据时态标志语“already”可以得出答案。描述客观事实，选用一般现在时。首先根据前句的“About 109 years ago”，因此判断是一般过去时，又因为是被强占，所以选用一般过去时的被动语态。和前句一样，选择一般过去时。强调对现在的影响，选用现在完成时。10.根据句中的“forever”判断是一般将来时，又因为是被写入历史的，所以选用一般将来时的被动。【要点回顾】本节课所学哪三种时态及其结构？时态谓语动词形式例句一般现在时be动词、行为动词原形或第三人称单数形式1. I like sports.2. He likes sports. 3. She is a good teacher. 一般过去时be动词、行为动词过去式We had a great time yesterday.现在进行时am/is/are+动词的现在分词形式1.My parents are watching TV now. 2.I am looking for my purse. 二、本节课三种时态的被动语态时态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are +过去分词We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。一般过去时was/were+过去分词A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。现在进行时am/is/are +being + 过去分词The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。【温故知新】课后巩固翻译句子1. ----I called you just now , but got no answer. ---- Sorry. I_____________________________________( 发送电子邮件)in the library then.2. Unless you go along the river , you _____________________( 迷路) in the forest.3. 最近，盐城已经成功地举办了两场为贫困儿童筹款的慈善演出。Recently two charity shows ___________________successfully in Yancheng to raise money for ___________.4. 布朗先生已经离开无锡三个多月了，他将于一周后返回。 Mr Brown _______________________________ for more than tree months. He will come back in a week.5. 你认为今天报纸上的那幅卡通画与文章相配吗？ Do you think that _______________________________ in today’s newspaper 【答案】1. was sending/ writing an e-mail / e-mails2. will get lost / will be lost / will lose your way 3. have been held/organized; poor children4. has been away from Wuxi5. the cartoon picture matches the article预习思考同学们，看到下面几幅图，你会想到什么，请仔细观察哦，看看图片里是不是真实的陷阱，下节课我们会探索发现新的内容。