2023年安徽省中考英语总复习一轮复习：第2讲-动词的时态和语态 (二)-教案

课程主题： 第2讲 动词的时态和语（二） 2023年安徽省中考英语总复习一轮复习
学习目标 1.掌握时态的基本类型及基本用法2.了解被动语态和不能使用被动语态的动词用法的基本类型及基本用法
教学内容
【进门测试】一、单项选择1. The life we were used to ______ greatly since 2000. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. changed2. —When shall we go and play basketball — Not until the work _______ tomorrow. A. will finish B. have finished C. will be finished D. is finished3. —Tom, I told you how to solve the math problem in the last lesson. —I’m sorry, Mr. Lin. I ______about the plan for the class trip. A. think B. thought C. was thinking D. have thought4. Keep quiet, please! You must know talking loudly________ in the reading room. A. is not allowed B. is allowed C. doesn’t allow D. allows5. Next term one thousand junior high school graduates ______ as pilots in China. A. train B. will train C. will be trained D. have been trained6. —Mum, let’s go shopping together. —Can’t you see I’m so busy, dear I ______ tomorrow’s meeting. A. prepare B. am preparing C. was preparing D. have prepared7. Taobao, China’s biggest online shopping platform, _______ the ways Chinese people shop and live.A. changes B. changed C. has changed D. was changing8. To live on Mars, you need to wear boots which ________ to prevent you from floating off into space. A. design B. designed C. are designing D. are designed9. Lots of people like to take a walk on Nanjing City Wall since it _______. A. repaired B. was repaired C. has repaired D. is repaired10. About 20 works from Pablo Picasso (毕加索) ______ to the public at the Nanjing International Art Festival in September this year. A. was shown B. were shown C. are shown D. will be shown【答案】1-5 BDCAC 6-10 BCDBD 【多元导学】 班级一同学是个金庸迷，上中学的时候，一次英语 ( http: / / www. / joke / 57 / )课上他看《笑 ( http: / / www. / )傲江湖》入了迷，忽然听闻老 ( http: / / www. / oubb / )师讲“八大 ( http: / / www. / oubb / 342913.html )时态”，忙站起来纠正说：“老师，没那么多师太呀，只有三位，莫非你把小师妹也算进去了？” 批注：动词的时态对于许多学生来说真的是“灭绝时态”啊。尤其是今天复习的初中阶段常考的六种时态，由这幅画引出本节课所讲时态的内容，然后告诉学生本节课的任务就是消灭时态前面的“灭绝”两个字！询问时态和语态时怎么运用的？教学建议： 通过以上图片及描述，询问学生时态和语态这类题该怎么解决，导入时态和语态。【互动精讲】【知识梳理1】整体知识体系 一般现在时：谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数 一般过去时：谓语用动词的过去时 一般将来时：谓语用will/shall/be going to+动词原形 现在进行时： 谓语用am/is/are+动词的现在分词 现在完成时： 谓语用have/has+动词的过去分词 过去进行时：谓语用was/were+动词的现在分词 被动语态 主动语态中考说明指出： 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时【知识梳理2】考点剖析种类谓语形式用法be动词的一般现在时行为动词及其他连系动词的一般现在时is, am, are＋表语，根据人称而定表示现在的状态。1.动词原形2.主语是单数第三人称，谓语加 s， es1.表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作；2.描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等；3.在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。be动词的一般过去时行为动词及其他连系动词的一般过去时was/were＋表语1.表示过去存在的状态；2.表示过去经常存在的状态。动词的过去式1.表示过去发生的动作；2.表示过去经常发生的动作。现在进行时am/is/are＋动词的现在分词1.表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作；2．与always，usually等词连用，表示赞扬、厌恶或不满的情绪。过去进行时was/were+动词的现在分词表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。一般将来时1.will/shall＋动词原形2. be going to＋动词原形3. be＋位移v. ing1.be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定要发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。主语可以是人，也可以是物；2.在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时来代替将来时；3.一些表示位移的动词，如go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move等，常用现在进行时表示将来时。现在完成时have/has＋动词的过去分词1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果；2.表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常与“for＋时间段”或“since＋表示过去的时间点或时间段”连用；注意：终止性动词在现在完成时中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，但在否定句中可以和一段时间连用。【知识梳理3】时态精讲一、一般将来时用　法例句1. 表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与tomorrow, soon, later, next time, in+一段时间等连用。I’ll start tomorrow. 我明天动身。2.“be going to +动词原形”用于表示主观上打算将来要做某事, 这种打算往往是事先安排好的或表示可能要发生或肯定要发生的事情。She has bought some cloth and she is going to make herself a dress. 她买了一些布, 准备为自己做一件连衣裙。3.“be +doing”表示按计划安排好的事情, 常与少量表示位置移动的动词, 如go, come, start, move, leave等连用。I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 明天我就要动身去北京了。4. 在表示车、船、飞机等的进出时间时, 可以用一般现在时表示将来。My plane takes off at 6: 30 am. 我乘坐的飞机将在早上6: 30起飞。【巧学妙记】一般将来时, 将要发生事。谓语不一般, will加动原。要变一般疑问句, will放在主语前。否定句也不难, will后面not添。【例题精讲】例1.The Games of Tokyo Olympic _____ in 2020.A. was held B. is held C. will hold D. will be held【答案】D【解析】东京奥运会将被举办在2020年，为将来被动例2.—It’s said the Nanjing Airport light rail_________ into service in two months. —That’s great! It will be fast to go to the airport. puts B. will put C. is put D. will be put 【答案】D【解析】根据in+一段时间可知为将来时，根据题意可知为被动语态二、现在完成时用法例句1. 表示说话之前已经完成了的动作, 而且这个动作对现在仍有影响, 常与already, yet, in the past few years等时间状语连用。I have seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。(已知电影内容)2. 表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态, 常与by now, so far, since/for等时间状语连用。I have studied in the school since 2009. 自从2009年我就在这所学校学习。【巧学妙记】英语现在完成时, 谓语结构要牢记; “have/has+过去分词”主要用法有两个; 动作发生在过去, 结果影响到现在; 常用just, already, 过去的动作或状态; 一直延续到现在, for和since把时间带。批注：1. have/ has been to, have/ has gone to, have/ has been in的区别（1）have/ has been to：曾经去过，强调以往的经历。例：The old man has been to Egypt when he was young.（2）have/ has gone to：去了某地，强调还没有回来。例：--Where is your uncle -- He has gone to the supermarket.（3）have/ has been in：待在某地，住在某地。例：I have been in Nanjing for three years.2. for和since的区别(1)since的用法A. since后可加时间点，如：It has been nine years since 1987.B. since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时，主句动词用现在完成时(2) for的用法：for后加一段时间。如：They have worked in the factory for ten months .(3)since 和 for 用法的相互转换：for +一段时间= since+ 一段时间+ ago(4)对since和for的提问用how long。如：—How long have you been in Nanjing —For three years./ Since three years ago. 【例题精讲】用for, since, ago填空。1. Sally has been away from London ________ last Saturday.2. Our school has changed a lot ________ the new building was built.3. Tommy has had this motorcycle ________ three years.4. I have been in Nanjing ________ eight years.5. My parents has been married since twenty years ________.【答案】 1. since 2. since 3. for 4. for 5. ago【解析】since+时间点；for+时间段【课堂练习】例1.—Why are you worried —I’m expecting a call from my daughter. She ______ New York for three years.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come in【答案】C【解析】根据句意可知待在某地用have/has been in例2. My father _________to South Hill．He______ there for 5 days.A. has gone; has been B. has been; has goneC. has gone; has gone D. has been; has been【答案】A【解析】has gone to在路上；has been there不加介词3. 非延续性动词和延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe openclosebe closedbegin/startbe oncomebe heregobe therefinish/endbe overdiebe deadjoinbe in/ be a member of leavebe away fromarrive/reachbe hereget marriedbe married【例题精讲】例1.Alice in Wonderland ________ for 15 days and many of us like the film very much.A. begins B. has begun C. began D has been on【答案】D【解析】上映on，开始为非延续性动词例2.—Do you miss your parent far away —Yes, very much. They __________the hometown for over two years.left B. have left C. were away from D. have been away from【答案】D【解析】离开leave为非延续性动词，变成其对应的延续性动词4.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别区　别例　句一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯的叙述过去发生的事情, 强调过去, 与具体的表示过去的时间连用。Tom lived in Beijing two years ago. 两年前汤姆住在北京。(不知道现在是否还住在北京)现在完成时的动作虽然是发生在过去, 但是对现在有影响。Tom has lived in Beijing for two years. 汤姆住在北京两年了。(现在汤姆还在北京)【例题精讲】例1.Julie’s father ________ to London last month. He ________ there three times.A. went; had gone B. has gone; has beenC. went; has been D. has been; had gone【答案】C【解析】last month为过去时；three times去过用have/has been to注意需不需要介词例2.—How long have you ____here —For two days. I _____here the day before yesterday.been; came B. come; came C. came; came D. been; been 【答案】A【解析】第二空注意时间标志词判断为过去时【巩固练习】1. Mike used to be a top student, but he _______ behind since he lost himself in computer games.A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been【答案】D【解析】since自从...可判断本句为现在完成时2. —Why are you still here It’s almost eight o’clock.—Because I _______ (not finish) my work.【答案】 haven’t finished 【解析】句意，我还没有完成我的工作3. —Excuse me, can I borrow the Robot magazine —Sorry. Sandy_______ it for a week.A. kept B. has kept C. borrowed D. has borrowed【答案】B【解析】根据句意可知需用现在完成时三、过去进行时用　法例　句1. 表示过去的某一时刻正在发生的动作。I was reading in the library at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在图书馆看书。2. 表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。They were having a meeting from 2:00 to 4:00 yesterday afternoon.昨天下午2：00-4：00的那个时候我们正在开会。3. 过去进行时常与always等频度副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感彩。Jack was always changing his mind.杰克总是改变他的想法。4. go, come, leave, arrive, start等动词，其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。I was leaving when he came in.我正要离开时他进来了。现在进行时和过去进行时的区别区　别例　句现在进行时与现在的时间有关。当时间状语为now, at the moment, these days 等或当句子中含有look, listen, can you see, can’t you see之类的暗示词时，要用现在进行时。①Listen! Lily is singing in the classroom. 听！Lily正在教室唱歌呢。②Can’t you see they are doing their homework 你难道没有看见他们正在做家庭作业吗？过去进行时与过去的时间有关。与过去进行时连用的时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time, then, at ten last night, from... to... , the day before yesterday, those days等。I was watching TV at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在看电视呢。【例题精讲】例1.—Hi. I didn't see you at the party in the company yesterday evening. —Oh, all my family _______ my son's birthday at home.celebrated B. have celebrated C. was celebrating D. were celebrating【答案】D【解析】根据句意yesterday evening 正在做，故用过去进行时例2.—Did you see Betty just now —Yes. She _____ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.phoned B. is phoning C. was phoning D. has phoned【答案】C【解析】just now为过去时，过去正在做为过去进行时【知识梳理4】各种时态的主动被动语态一览表时态主动语态被动语态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesis/am/are +doneI close the door.The door is closed.一般过去时didwas/were +doneTim made the paper bag.The paper bag was made by Tim.一般将来时will/shall + dowill/shall + be doneThey will build a new library in our school.The new library will be built in our school.现在进行时am/is/are +doingam/is/are +being doneThey are cleaning the room.The room is being cleaned by them.现在完成时have/has +donehave/has +been doneI haven’t found my purse.My purse hasn’t been found.过去进行时was/were +doingwas/were+ being doneKim was repairing the bicycle.The bicycle was being repaired by Kim. 含情态动词can/may/must+ docan/may/must+be doneWe can finish this project.This project can be finished by us.批注：1. 不用于被动语态的情况（1）不及物动词不用于被动语态，如appear, rise, come out, happen, occur, lie, take place等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。（2）表状态动词不用于被动语态，常见的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, look like等。2.主动形式表被动含义（1）某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。（2）某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。（3）need, require, want等作行为动词时，“need/want / require +doing”表被动，等同于“need/want / require + to be done”结构。（4） write, sell, wash和read和副词连用，主动语态表被动意义。【例题精讲】例1.You can't use the computer, it____.A. was broken down B. broke down C. is wrong D. has broken down【答案】D【解析】现在完成时，表示对现在造成的影响例2.The apple_________very sweet.A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting【答案】C【解析】系动词没有被动例3.The library needs_______, but it will have to wait until Sunday.A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned【答案】A【解析】need doing需要做某事，主动表被动3.主动变被动中的特殊结构主动形式被动形式see/hear sb. do sth.be seen/heard to do sth.see/hear sb. doing sth.be seen/heard doing sth.make sb. do sth.be made to do sth.使役动词see, hear, make, let等在主动语态中常跟不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语，但转变成被动语态时，to要还原。【巧学妙记】 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, make, have 四看：see, watch, notice, look at【例题精讲】例1.The boy________ streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean【答案】A【解析】be made to do sth , 注意被动还原to例2.These children_________dance.A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to【答案】A【解析】be seen to do sth被看到做某事，注意被动还原to【巩固练习】1. Leonardo DiCaprio _______ an Oscar for Best Actor for his role in the film The Revenant in January, 2016. A. presents B. has presented C. presented D. was presented【答案】D【解析】2016为过去时，根据句意为被动，所以为过去被动I’m glad to know that Nanjing Metro Line 14 _______ next year. is built B. was built C. will be built D. Built【答案】C【解析】明年将被建，所以为将来被动The April 25 disaster in Nepal is______ (report) to have taken the lives of more than 8,000 people, with more than 16,000 injured. 【答案】 reported【解析】被动语态4. Nanjing International Plum Blossom Festival ______ between February and March every year.held B. is held C. was held D. will be held【答案】B【解析】every year为一般现在时，被举办，故为一般现在时的被动5. —It’s said that the project we are looking forward to ______ out in our school this weekend. —Great! I can’t wait to take part in it!A. will be carried B. will carry C. being carried D. carrying【答案】A【解析】this weekend为将来时，根据句意可知为被动，故为将来被动 【课堂检测】一、单项选择1. —When did the classroom have a power cut —This morning, while we ______ a physics lesson. A. have had B. were having C. are having D. will have2. —The film Dangal __ in our city last month and won high praise. —Exactly. I have seen it twice. A. was shown B. will show C. is shown D. has shown3. —Excuse me，what time does Flight BA 2793leave？—Just a minute. I_____for youA. check B. checked C. will check D. have checked4. —Why hasn't Tony come？—The invitation letter _ to Toby by accident.A. was emailed B. has emailed C. is emailed D. emailed5.They promised that they me look for my key until it was found. But they soon walked away.A.will help B.have helped C.would help D.had helped6.The shopping mall ______ for two years, but I ______ there only once.A. has opened; have gone B. has opened; have beenC. has been open; have gone D. has been open; have been7. —You have a nice car.— Thank you. I _____ it for less than one month.bought B.have bought C. had D. have hadIt is reported that about 120 foreign soccer experts______to teach soccer school students.A. invite B. invited C. to be invited D. will be invited9. My brother______the Indian film Dangal when I phoned him yesterday. A. watches B. has watched C. is watching D. was watching10. My grandparents ______ for over 60 years and they love each other very much.A. have been married B. got married C. were married D. have got married1 11. If it ______ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating.A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine12. —May I speak to the headmaster —He _____ a meeting now. Can I take a message A. is having B. had C. has D. will have13. —Julie, what _____in your hand —Look! It’s a new iPad for my daughter.A. do you hold B. are you holding C. were you holding D. will you hold14. —I called you yesterday evening, but you were not in. —sorry, I _____in the shop with my mother. A. am B. will be C. was D. have been15. —Mr. Li, let’s go fishing this weekend with Lao Wang, shall we —I’d love to, but nobody knows if he _____ free then. A. will B. is C. will be D. has been16. —Where is your cousin —He _____ an English exam now. A. has B. had C. has had D. is having17. —Have you had your breakfast yet —Yes. Mom _____it for me. A. was cooking B. is cooking C. will cook D. cooked18. —Sam, come down stairs, please. I need your help. —Sorry, mum. I _____ on the phone. A. am talking B. talked C. was talking D. have talked19. If there is any change to the plan, I _____ you as soon as possible. A. told B. have told C. tell D. will tell 20. —Wendy, can you answer the phone for me now My hands are full. — Sorry, ______. A. I washed the clothes B. I’m washing the clothes C. I was washing the clothes D. I have washed the clothes21. —Let's discuss the plan, shall we —Not now. I_____ to an interview. A. go B. went C. am going D. was going22. There _____ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to B. will going to be
C. is going to be D. will go to be23. —Alice, would you mind not playing the guitar I on the phone. —Oh, sorry, mom. A. talked B. talk C. was talking D. am talking24. You _ _ . Don’t talk on the phone. A. will drive B. are driving C. were driving D. have driven25. —I can’t find David. Where is he —He _____for tomorrow’s competitions at home. A. prepares B. is preparing C. has prepared D. prepared 【答案】1-5 BACAC; 6-10 DDDDA; 11-15 CABCC;16-20 DDADB; 21-25 CCDBB二、完形填空In the early hours of 7 September 1838, one of the worst storms in history was roaring（咆哮）along the coast of England. The lighthouse keeper at a ship. “It will be gone in a few more minutes,” he said sadly. His daughter, Grace Darling, looking from an upstairs window, found the great ship had against the rocks and broken into halves.“Can’t we save them ” Grace asked when she saw the people on the ship. “Isn’t there any way to help them ”“No one can take a lifeboat out in that water,” her father answered. “The waves（浪）are too large.”Grace had great .She simply did not know how to give up. Filled with pity, she ran to the lifeboat quickly. Her father . With tears running down his face, he begged his daughter not to get into the boat, she would not listen. Her father could not let her go alone. He climbed in too. The two of them rowed in a great hurry. Each wave seemed to throw them into the sea at any time.Suddenly there was a terrible roar. The storm had the ship in two. People were holding on to each half tightly（紧紧地）.They had to be saved soon.Grace and her father rowed faster. Soon they reached the ship and began filling the lifeboat with . Then father and daughter brought their lifeboat safely to shore.As news of her brave saving action reached the public, the whole country considered her as a national hero. Grace and her father received the Silver Medal from the British government. To this day a small statue stands above the grave（墓）of Grace Darling. People still respect the young woman who refused to give up.（ ）1.A. looked out B. looked up C. looked around D. looked down（ ）2.A. ran B. knocked C. crashed D. rushed（ ）3.A. worried B. scared C. excited D. mixed（ ）4.A. pride B. attention C. confidence D. courage（ ）5.A. stayed B. pushed C. followed D. returned（ ）6.A. but B. and C. so D. then（ ）7.A. mad B. close C. awful D. ready（ ）8.A. divided B. cut C. lifted D. attacked（ ）9.A. adults B. tourists C. victims D. survivors（ ）10.A. award B. gift C. prize D. reward【答案】1-5 ACBDC; 6-10 ADBDA【要点回顾】六种时态总结种类谓语形式用法be动词的一般现在时行为动词及其他连系动词的一般现在时is, am, are＋表语，根据人称而定表示现在的状态。1.动词原形2.主语是单数第三人称，谓语加 s， es1.表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作；2.描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等；3.在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。be动词的一般过去时行为动词及其他连系动词的一般过去时was/were＋表语1.表示过去存在的状态；2.表示过去经常存在的状态。动词的过去式1.表示过去发生的动作；2.表示过去经常发生的动作。现在进行时am/is/are＋动词的现在分词1.表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作；2．与always，usually等词连用，表示赞扬、厌恶或不满的情绪。过去进行时was/were+动词的现在分词表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。一般将来时1.will/shall＋动词原形2. be going to＋动词原形3. be＋位移v. ing1.be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定要发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。主语可以是人，也可以是物；2.在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时来代替将来时；3.一些表示位移的动词，如go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move等，常用现在进行时表示将来时。现在完成时have/has＋动词的过去分词1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果；2.表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常与“for＋时间段”或“since＋表示过去的时间点或时间段”连用；注意：终止性动词在现在完成时中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，但在否定句中可以和一段时间连用。【温故知新】课后巩固首字母填空Putting on a play can be fun. Acting can be like the “let’s pretend and dress-up games children play. Actors pretend（扮演）,for a little while, to be other people. They 1.t to look like and talk as other persons do.Professional（职业的） actors take part in plays and television programs given in large cities. They make their 2.l by acting. But other people act in plays just for fun and are not 3.p for their work. They are high school or college students and adults who are members of “little theatre” groups. In the 4.d , they are students, teachers, doctors, lawyers, or police officers. They are actors 5.o in the evenings or on weekends. The little theater groups has a long history in America. One of the 6.o groups is in Indiana. They are called the Players Club, and they put on eight plays a year. People in the city buy tickets to see the plays. 7.A____ who wants to act may join the Players Club. Before each play, auditions（试演）are held so that people can try 8.o_______for the different parts. Not all members of the group are actors. People are also needed to 9.h_____ with the lighting, clothes and makeup. There are little theater groups in many cities. They continue to put on plays because they bring 10.p____ to a large number of people. People in a little theater group enjoy having the chance to act, and the audience enjoy watching the plays.【答案】1.try 2.living 3.paid 4.daytime/day 5.only 6.oldest 7.Anyone/Anybody 8.out 9.help 10.pleasure预习思考Three lines of poet
动词时态
动词语态
六种时态
Look at the picture!
What a beautiful scene!
It’s beautiful, isn’t it
Write down your three lines of poet