2023年安徽省中考英语总复习二轮复习：第5讲-特殊疑问句&主谓一致-教案

课程主题： 特殊疑问句&主谓一致 2023年安徽省中考英语总复习二轮复习
学习目标 1.了解特殊疑问句和主谓一致各种题型和解题技巧；2. 通过各种题型的练习，提高解题的能力。
教学内容
【进门测试】( ) 1. -- Excuse me,______ is the nearest bookshop -- Go down the street and turn left at the second corner A. how B. what C. where D. who( ) 2. -- ______ is a ticket for the film Hacker He -- About forty yuan . A. How old B. How many C. How much D. How often( ) 3. -- ______ are you going -- I’m going to the library. A. Who B. Which C. What D. Where( ) 4. -- ______ -- It’s eight.A. What day is it B. What’s five and three C. How old are you D. What’s your telephone number( ) 5. -- ______ -- I’ve got a headache and a cough.A. What’s your trouble B. What’s wrong with it C. Can I help you D. How are you答案： CCDBA【多元导学】批注: 让学生阅读下幅对话内容，试着总结出特殊疑问句的结构，从而引出本专题特殊疑问句的内容。【互动精讲】知识点一（特殊疑问句）【知识梳理】特殊疑问句的定义以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what, who, when, where, why, whose, when, which, how等。意思用法例句who谁问人的身份，姓名等He is Li Lie. Who is he He is my brother. Who is he whom谁问人的身份，姓名等（问宾语）I can ask him the question.Whom can you ask the question what什么问人的职业或事物是什么He is a worker. What is he He has a book. What does he have which哪一个问一定范围内特指的人或物The big box is mine. Which box is yours The girl at the door is Ann. Which girl is Ann whose谁的问所属关系This is her book. Whose book is this This book is hers. Whose is this book what colour什么颜色问颜色（表语）My skirt is red. What color is your skirt what time 几点问点时间We play games at five in the afternoon What time do you play games when什么时候问时间We play games in the afternoon When do you play games where什么地方问地点（状语）We play games at home on Sunday Where do you play games on Sunday why为什么问原因He isn't at school today because he is ill.Why isn't he at school today how怎样问健康状况、做事的方式等He is fine/strong. How is he I go home by bike. How do you go home how old多大岁数问年龄He is ten. How old is he how many多少跟复数名词，问数量There are thirty boys in my class.How many boys are there in your class how much多远跟不可数名词问数量或价钱There is some milk in the bottle.How much milk is there in the bottle how far多远问路程It's five kilometers away from here.How far is it from here how soon多久问in+一段时间He can finish it in half an hour.How soon can he finish it how long多久问一段时间，问物体的长短He has lived here for a year. How long has he lived here The desk is one meter long. How long is the desk how often多久一次问频率I go to see my parents once a month.How often do you go to see your parents 特殊疑问词的用法1） 划线部分是“事或物”，特殊疑问词用what。　　如: This is a book. -- What is this 　　 I often play football on Saturdays. -- What do you often do on Saturdays 　　2）划线部分是“人”，特殊疑问词用who。　　如: He is my brother. -- Who is he 　3）划线部分是“地点”，特殊疑问词用where。　如: The box is on the desk. -- Where is the box 　4）划线部分是“时间”，特殊疑问词用what time或when。　　如: It's seven twenty . -- What time is it 　I usually get up at six . -- When do you usually get up 　5）划线部分是“年龄”，特殊疑问词用how old。　如: I am twelve . -- How old are you 　　My father is thirty-three . -- How old is your father 　　6）划线部分是“职业”，特殊疑问词用what。　　如: Mike is a worker. -- What is Mike 　7）划线部分是“颜色”，特殊疑问词用what colour。　　如: My hat is blue. -- What colour is your hat 　　8）划线部分是“数量”，特殊疑问词用how many或how much。　　如: I can see five kites. -- How many kites can you see 　　　There is some milk in the glass. -- How much milk is there in the glass 　　9）划线部分是“多少钱”，特殊疑问词用how much。　　如: This pen is nine yuan . -- How much is this pen 　　10）划线部分是“形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词”，特殊疑问词用whose。　　如: That is my book . -- Whose book is that 　　　The bag is yours. -- Whose is the bag how的特殊疑问词应注意的问题how long, how often, how soon的区别1）how long有以下两个主要意思：（1）表示多长时间，主要用来对一段时间(如three days,four weeks 等)提问。如：　　A: How long did he stay here 他在这儿呆了多久 　　B: About two weeks. 大约两个星期。　　A: How long does it take to get to London from here 从这里到伦敦要多长时间 　　B: At least ten hours. 至少要10个小时。（2）表示某东西有多长。如：　　A: How long is the river 这条河有多长？B: About 500 km. 大约500千米。2）how often 指每隔多久，主要用来对频度副词或状语(如：once a week,three times a month 等)提问。如：　　A: How often does he come here 他(每隔)多久来一次 　　B: Once a month. 每月一次。　　A: How often do you visit your mother 你多长时间看你妈妈一次 B: Once a week. 一周一次。how soon指再过多久，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(如：in an hour,in two weeks 等)提问。如：　　A: How soon will he be back 他要多久才回来 　　B: In an hour. 1小时以后。　　A: How soon shall we know the results 我们多久能知道结果 　　B: I don’t know. 我不知道。how far表示“多远”对距离的提问，如：A: How far is New City Square from Wanda 你家离学校有多远？B: It’s three miles from school. 我家里学校有三英里。how abouthow about 是英语口语中常用词。一般用于以下几个方面 1）向对方提出建议或请求。如： How about going out for a walk 出去散散步好吗？ 2）征询对方的看法或意见。如： How about playing the violin （你认为）拉小提琴怎么样？ 3）询问天气或身体等情况。如： How about your uncle now You can’t leave him by himself. 你叔叔近来身体好吗？你们不能单独让他生活。 4）寒暄时用作承接上下文的转折语。如： I am from Beijing. How about you 我是北京人，你呢？【例题精讲】例 1. -- ______ tea did you have -- Two cups.How many B. How much C. How soon D. Which 【答案】：B【解析】：tea不可数，问多少用how much提问。例 2. -- ______ shall we meet in the park -- What about half past eight What B. When C. Where D. Which【答案】：B【解析】：根据答句可知提问时间，故选B。例3. -- ______ does your school have sports meetings -- Twice a year.How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times【答案】：A【解析】：根据答句可知问的是频率，用How often。例4. -- ______ -- The one behind the tree.Whose girl B. Who’s that girl C. Which girl D. Where’s the girl 【答案】：C【解析】：根据答句可知是对哪一个女孩进行提问，选C。 例5. -- ______ are you going to be in the future -- I want to be a person _____Yang Li wei.How; like B. How; as C. What; like D. What; as【答案】：C【解析】：你将来想成为什么样的人，第一空填what，like作为介词，意为像...一样。想成为像杨利伟那样的人。【课堂练习】句型转换1. We play a game called “trick or treat” for Halloween. (对划线部分提问)________________________________________2. The boy in red is my friend. (对划线部分提问)________________________________________3. I like this toy because I like its colour. (对划线部分提问)________________________________________4. The one on the table is my book. (对划线部分提问)________________________________________ 5. I have two cousins. (对划线部分提问)________________________________________答案：1. What do you do for Halloween 2. Which boy is your friend 3. Why do you like this toy 4. Which one is your book 5. How many cousins do you have 知识点二（主谓一致）【知识梳理】1. 主谓一致的定义谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
2. 语法一致原则以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数，如：
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
2）由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
Both he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。如：
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.（这个女孩即是他的朋友也是老师）
The poet and writer has come.（作家和诗人指的是同一人）
3）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。如：
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
5） 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。如：
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
6）由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。如：
Is everybody ready
Somebody is using the phone.
7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
Where are my shoes I can’t find them.
Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
3. 意义一致的原则
1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Twenty years is not a long time.
Ten dollars is too dear.2）有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。如：
My family is big one.
My family are watching TV.
3）不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。如：
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
4）疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。如：
Who is your brother
Who are League members 5）“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的词组做主语时，谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：
It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
Three -fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
6）half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。如：
I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
7）凡是以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
The dead is a famous person.
4. 邻近一致的原则
1）由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。如：
Either you or I am right.
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
2）在“There be” 句型中，谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。如：
There are two apples and one egg in it.
　　　　3）as well as 和名词连用时，谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。如：
He as well as I is responsible for it.
不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。
4）以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。如：
Here is a letter and some books for you.【例题精讲】例 1.A number of visitors visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors increasing. A. are, is B. is, are C. are, are【答案】A【解析】短语a number of visitors的中心词是visitors，用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式时;短语the number of the visitors的中心词是number,用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故答案为A。例 2.Two months a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation. A. am B. is C. are【答案】B【解析】主语two months属于时间作主语，指的是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，故答案为B。例 3.Everybody except Mike and Linda there when the meeting began. A. are B. was C. were【答案】B【解析】 本句中的从句为一般过去时，主句谓语动词也用一般过去时;everybody用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故答案为B。例 4.Not only my parents but also my sister crazy about the TV play In the Name of People. A. is B. are C. have been【答案】A【解析】not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且……”，连接两个主语时，谓语动同与最靠近的主语“my sister”保持一致，所以谓语动词用单数形式，故答案为A。例 5. Neither Li Hua nor I good at writing. A. am B. is C. are【答案】A【解析】neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”，连接两个主语时，谓语动同与最靠近的主语“I”保持一致，故答案为A。【课堂练习】1. Both Kate and I ready for the new high school life. A. am B. is C. are D. be【答案】C【解析】两个主语Kate与I由并列连词both...and...连接，谓语动词用复数形式，故答案为C。2. We make it a rule that each of us the bedroom one day a week. A. clean B. cleans C. has cleaned【答案】B【解析】 根据状语one day a week可知谓语动词用一般现在时;each of us在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数第三人称，故答案为B。3. We all know that one of the world' s most popular sports______ football. A. am B. is C. are 【答案】B【解析】“one of+复数名词”在句子中作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式，故答案为B。4. －Look! A woman with three children crossing the street.　－Let's help them.　A. is 　　　　 B. are　　　　 C. was【答案】A【解析】谓语动词要根据介词短语“with three children”前的名词“A woman”保持一致，因名词woman是单数形式，因此谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式;由问句中的look可知句子用现在进行时，故答案为A。5.－Bill' s family having supper at seven this evening. －Oh How do you know that is B. was　　　　　 C. were D. are【答案】C【解析】family在句中的意思是“家庭一个个成员”，谓语动词要用复数形式;由“at seven this evening”可知，时态要用过去进行时，故答案为C。 【课堂检测】一. 单项选择1. Doing eye exercises one of the useful ways to protect our eyes. A. is B. are C. were D. be2. There a number of books in the library and the number of them increasing. A. has; is B. have; are C. are; is D. is; are3. There a book and four pens on the desk. A. has B. is C. are D. have4. － there anything new in today's Qianzhong morning Daily －No. But there some inspiring stories worth reading.Is; is B. Are; are C. Is; are D. Are; is5. Andy, with his parents, to Hong Kong, and they will stay there for a week. A. have gone B. has gone C. have been D. has been6. －What would you like to have for supper －Either noodles or rice OK. I don't mind. A. are B. were C. is D. was7. One of my friends moved to America. I miss her so much. A. has B. have C. are D. is8. Not only you but also everyone here watching football matches. A. likes B. like C. is like D. are like9. －How soon can you finish the work 　－With the help of the machine, two weeks enough for me.is B. are C. was D. were10.－How many doctors are there in this hospital －Two hundred. of them women doctors. A. Two fifths; is B. Two fifth; is C. Two fifths; are D. Two fifth; are11. The shoes mine. This pair of shoes my brother's. A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are D. are; am12. Thirty dollars enough for the coat. A. are B. is C. has D. have13. His family all very kind and friendly. His family a happy one. A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are14. Both Lily and Lucy to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited15. To play ping-pong useful for character-training. A. are B. is C. has D. have答案： 1-5 A C B C B 6-10 C A A A C 11-15 A B A D B二. 对划线部分提问1. He often has lunch in the factory. 　　　　 　　　　 he often 　　　　 lunch 2. They will come back in a month . 　　　　 　　　　 will they come back 3. He hurt his leg last Sunday . 　　　　 　　　　 he hurt his leg 4. I got up at six this morning . 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 you 　　　　 up this morning 5 .I didn't go to school because I had a bad cold . 　　　　 　　　　 you go to school 6. He's feeling well . 　　　　 　　　　 he feeling 7. The girl in a red coat is my sister. 　　　　 　　　　 is your sister 8. He comes to China once a year .　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 he 　　　　 to China 9. He goes to see his grandma twice a week . _________________________________________________ 10. It takes 15 minutes for a ferry to cross the river. __________________________________________________ 答案：1. Where does; have2. How soon3. What time did4. What time did; get5. Why didn’t6. How is7. Which girl8. How often does; come9. How many times does he go to see his grandma a week 10. How long does it take for a ferry to cross the river 三. 完形填空Imagine that you have just received the best, most exciting present for your birthday. It might be the latest computer game or a CD that you particular wanted. Will you share it or keep it just for your own use 1 should you share it It was given just to you, wasn’t it What’s the value in sharing From babyhood, we are 2 to share. When we tried to take our favourite doll or car into the 3 to play with it by ourselves and not share it with our visitor, Mum would say,”Share, please!” And 4 we didn’t and tried to hide our toy, Mum would 5 it away from us and give it to the other child.”You should learn to share,” she’d say. She did this because she did not want us to grow up to be 6 .It’s easier to share with some people rather than others. Some of us may 7 that sharig with our sisters and brothers is easy. But for others this may be asking too much. Usually, we find sharing with our friends, 8 our best friends, is not difficult. But what about sharing with people we don’t 9 particularly well, or even with our enemies(仇人). That’s a 10 story. But we can do it if we try.The advantages for us of sharing are greater than the disadvantages. We are kinder, more generous people if we share.1. A. How B. When C. Why D. Where2. A. blamed B. invited C. encouraged D. influenced3. A. bedroom B. kitchen C. dining-room D. corner4. A. if B. after C. when D. until5. A. move B. take C. throw D. put6. A. stubborn B. kind C. selfish D. modest7. A. hope B. show C. decide D. find8. A. mostly B. especially C. mainly D. probably9. A. carry on with B. meet up with C. catch up with D. get on with10. A. different B. difficult C. good D. sad答案：1-5 CCDAB 6-10 CDBDA【要点回顾】常见的疑问词及其用法How often / how long/ how soon/ how far/ how soon的区别主谓一致1）语法一致原则 2）意义一致原则 3）就近一致原则【温故知新】单项选择 1. It’s a nice car. ______ have you been in it Just to Shanghai. A. How much B. How soon C. How long D. How far2. There______some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet. A. are B. is C. have3. Running ______ a good way to exercise every day. A. is B. was C. are D. were4. The pair of trousers ______me, I will take it. A. fit B. fits C. will fit5. Look! The police______the food on to the bank of the river. A. am carrying B. is carrying C. are carrying D. are carried6. Neither Jim or Tom ______ Australia before, but they know the country very well.A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D.have been to7. —Do you enjoy the songs sung by Jay Chou —Of course. Not only I but also my parents ______ his fans . am B. are C.was D. were8. Mary,______is my friend, as well as her sisters, ______Chinese in China.A. that;are studying B.which;have studied C.who;study D.who;studies9. One great thing about Singapore,unlike most other Asian countries, ______that the temperature is almost the same all year round.A .are B. is C. was D. were10. Tom’s family is a big one. And the family______together to have a big dinner on Christmas Eve every year.A .get B. gets C. got D. have got答案：1-5 DBABC 6-10 BBDBA 预习思考观察下面的句子，总结下列句子的特点。What a day!What beautiful clothes!How fast he runs!