高考英语二轮复习语法填空指导- 自由填空题学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习语法填空指导- 自由填空题学案（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 234.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-04-17 10:50:24 | ||
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专攻解题方法与技巧
语法填空指导- 自由填空题
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思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
1.不定冠词a/an 1.(2020·浙江1月卷)A child born in the US today has ____________ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.2．(2021·江西省重点中学盟校第一次联考)Chinese scientists have created the world’s first light－based quantum (量子) computer, called Jiuzhang.It’s ________ breakthrough in the field after Google completed its quantum computer last year. 分析句子结构， 发现空格后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑不定冠词a/an。用不定冠词a/an的常考点：(1)泛指一类人与物，表示“一”的概念；(2)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
2.定冠词the 3.(2021·全国乙卷)Due to ____________ growing popularity of environmentally－related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The plum trees are ____________ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化)．They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.5．(2021·湖南长郡中学第五次适应性考试)In old age.Mrs.Johnson became ________ most celebrated of the small excellent group of black women who at midcentury served as mathematicians for the space agency. 分析句子结构， 发现空格后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑定冠词the用定冠词the的常考点：(1)特指某人或某事；(2)用在序数词或最高级前或有only, very, same 等修饰的名词前；(3)用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前；(4)用在西洋乐器名词前，如piano, violin等；(5)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
3.固定搭配中的冠词 6.(2021·全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all ____________ way around the Xi’an City Wall.7．(2021·成都市一诊)In the film, Michael Wood, one of BBC’s most popular hosts, visited ________ number of Chinese cities to retrace Du’s steps.8．(2021·咸阳市一模)Before answering the question, let’s take ________ look at students studying in China.9．(2021·攀枝花市第二次统考)In a sometimes callous (冷漠的) world where people can be so focused on what they’re doing, a random act of kindness can make ________ difference. 固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前用冠词(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：at the same time, on the contrary, to tell the truth, in the distance，make the most/best of, on the spot等。(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：catch a cold, have a fever，all of a sudden, as a matter of fact，as a result, have a gift for，make a living, give sb a lift，have a good knowledge of等。(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位。
答案
1．a [考查冠词。根据下文的chance 可知，这里语意表示“非常实际的一个可能性”，故填不定冠词，表示泛指。]
2．a [考查冠词。句意：这是谷歌去年完成量子计算机之后在这一领域的一个突破。分析句子可知，句中“breakthrough”意为“突破，重大进展”，为可数名词，句中泛指一个突破，故应用不定冠词修饰，breakthrough单词音标的第一个音素为辅音音素，故应用不定冠词a。]
3．the [考查冠词。名词popularity后有定语，故其前应用定冠词the表特指，the growing popularity of...“……的日益流行”。]
4．the [考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。]
5．the [考查冠词。句意：在晚年。约翰逊夫人是本世纪中叶为数不多的优秀黑人女性中最著名的一位，她们在太空总署担任数学家。设空处后为最高级，故设空处应用定冠词the。]
6．the [考查冠词。all the way为固定短语，意为“一直，一路上”。]
7．a [考查冠词。句意：在这部影片中，英国广播公司最受欢迎的主持人之一Michael Wood访问了中国多个城市，追溯杜甫的脚步。由句意可知，此处表“许多”，a number of...(许多……)，用不定冠词a。]
8．a [考查固定搭配。句意：在回答这个问题之前，让我们先来看看在中国学习的学生。take a look at意为“看一看……”，为固定搭配。]
9．a [考查冠词。句意：在一个人们可能非常专注于他们做的有时很无情的世界里，一个随意的善举可能会有很大的影响。make a difference“有作用；有影响”，是固定短语。]
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思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
1.句意明，辨成分 1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist ____________ earth，Mother Nature.2．(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Museums must compete ____________ people’s spare time and money with other amusements.3．(2021·成都市一诊)Du Fu：China’s Greatest Poet, a 58－minute film released recently on BBC introduces Du Fu to the Western world for the first time ________ the form of documentary.4．(2021·河南省高考适应性练习)You can also gain some insight ________ the city’s present and future by experiencing modern leisure. 若空格后是名词、代词或动名词， 且它们在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时考虑介词。(1)分析句子结构， 发现空格放在名词前后时， 应考虑名词与介词的搭配。(2)分析句子结构， 发现空格放在不及物动词后、名词前时， 应考虑动词与介词的搭配。(3)分析句子结构， 发现空格放在形容词或名词后名词前时， 应考虑形容词或名词与介词的搭配。
2.介词多义看语境 5.(2021·全国乙卷)Due to the growing popularity of environmentally－related and adventure travel, various types ____________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.6．(2020·浙江1月卷)This aging of the population is driven ____________ two factors.7．(2019·北京卷)First celebrated ________ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区)．8．(2019·浙江6月卷)But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ____________ this question is not clear.9．(2021·安徽省合肥市第三次质量检测)The celebration includes congratulations ________ students, recommending outstanding teachers, the exchange of ideas among teachers, and so on.10．(2021·厦门双十中学二模)Masterpieces such as Along the River During the Qingming Festival were projected on the roofs, giving visitors a feeling like walking ________ time.11．(2021·汕头市一模)Within the sleeper carriage, ____________ little else to do, people talk or play cards, and soon a small community develops among the passengers.12．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods ____________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s.13．(浙江6月卷)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ____________ dinner，get a few cooking tips from her. 1.注意下列介词在用法上的区别(1)表示时间的in, on, at①in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。②on表示星期几或某一特定的日期。③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。 (2)表示方位的through和across①through表示“从……的内部穿过”。 ②across表示“从……表面穿过”。(3)表示交通方式的by和on/in①by后可直接跟涉及交通工具的单数名词，名词前不加冠词。②on/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。(4)表示“用……”的by, in, with①by指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词。②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前。③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。(5)of 表示所属关系，“……的”“of＋n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词2．注意常考介词的用法(1)表示“作为”，用as，表示“为了”，用for表示“来自”，用from(2)with复合结构：“with＋宾语＋宾补”中用介词with(3)在被动语态中表示动作发出者，用by(4)在下列结构中用to而不用of表示所属关系the key/answer to the question, a solution to the problem
3.依据句式和搭配填介词 14.(2021·全国乙卷)It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ____________ the late 1980s.15．(2020·浙江7月卷)Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ____________，through agriculture.16．(2021·蚌埠市第四次质量检查)According to satellite monitoring results, the increase of vegetation in China accounted ____________ 25 percent of the world’s total new greenery.17．(2021·大连市二模)The opening of FAST not only offers more observation possibilities to the world’s scientific community but also contributes Chinese wisdom ____________ building a community of shared future for humanity.18．(2021·西安市模拟一)Morgan says that it is time that people stopped standing by and recording on their phones when they see someone ____________ trouble.19．(2021·南昌市二模)Over the last two months, several great apes at the San Diego Zoo have received an experimental animal COVID－19 vaccine (疫苗), because they are most ____________ risk and can be easily vaccinated.20．(2021·厦门市第二次质量检查)In Singapore there’s no better place to find Chinese medicines than in Chinatown—a colorful and lively place, rich ____________ Chinese culture and history. (1)与动词搭配，如：remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物go back to/date from 追溯至exchange...for... 用……交换……run out of 用完account for 占……比例； 说明 ……的原因(2)与名词或代词搭配，如：by accident 偶然in trouble 陷入困境，陷入麻烦in spite of 尽管，虽然in turn 依次，转而in return 作为报答at risk 处于危险中on board 乘(飞机、船)on average 平均(3)与形容词搭配，如：be curious about 对……感到好奇be proud of 因……而自豪be rich in 在……方面丰富(4)其他搭配，如：not...until... 直到……才……from...to... 从……到……between...and... 在……和……之间
答案
1．on [考查介词。on earth在世上。]
2．for [考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表达的是“为了人们的空闲时间和金钱与其他的娱乐活动进行竞争”，compete for “为……竞争”，故应用介词for。]
3．in [考查介词。句意：《杜甫：中国最伟大的诗人》，这部58分钟的电影最近在英国广播公司上映，它首次以纪录片的形式向西方世界介绍杜甫。固定搭配in the form of...(以……的方式)，用介词in。]
4．into [考查介词。insight与介词into搭配，表示“对……洞悉/了解”。]
5．of [考查介词。type后常跟of sth，various types of trips “不同类型的旅行”，因此填of。]
6．by [考查介词。空格处位于被动语态的谓语后，用来表示动作的发出者， 故填by。]
7．in [考查介词。根据空格后的1970可知，表示在某一年，应用介词in。]
8．to [考查介词。the answer to the question为固定用法，表示“问题的答案”，故填to。]
9．from [考查介词。句意：庆祝活动包括学生的祝贺，推荐优秀的老师，老师之间的思想交流等等。from 表示“来自”。]
10．through [考查介词。句意：《清明上河图》等名作被投射在屋顶上，让游客们有一种穿越时间的感觉。结合句意，through 该处指“在时间中穿过”。]
11．with [考查介词。句意：在卧铺车厢里，人们无事可做，要么聊天，要么打牌，很快在乘客中形成了一个小社区。分析句子，根据句意可知，此处应用介词with接复合宾语，即with＋名词＋不定式结构作状语，with表示伴随、原因、条件等，符合句意。]
12．of/for [考查介词。methods of/for doing sth做某事的方法，故填of/for。]
13．for [考查介词。go to some place for dinner “去某个地方吃饭”。介词for在此表示目的。]
14．until [考查介词。根据句意和句中的not可知，本空填until。not...until “直到……才……”。]
15．in [考查介词。live in是固定搭配，表示“在……地方生活”，故填in。]
16．for [考查介词。句意：根据卫星监测结果，中国植被的增加量占世界新绿化总量的25%。account for“占……比例”。]
17．to [考查介词。句意：FAST的开通不仅为世界科学界提供了更多的观测机会，也为构建人类命运共同体贡献了中国智慧。结合句意表示“贡献……”短语为contribute...to...。]
18．in [考查介词。句意：摩根说，当人们看到有人陷入困境时，是时候停止站在一旁用手机录像。in trouble为固定短语，意为“陷入困境，陷入麻烦”。]
19．at [考查介词。句意：在过去两个月里，圣地亚哥动物园的几只类人猿接受了COVID－19实验动物疫苗，因为它们面临的风险最大，并且可以很容易地接种疫苗。表示“有风险”为介词短语at risk，在句中作表语。]
20．in [考查介词。句意：在新加坡，没有比唐人街能更好地找到中药的地方了，那是一个丰富多彩而充满生机的地方，有着丰富的中国文化和历史。(be) rich in“在……方面丰富”为固定用法。]
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思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
1.句意清，指代明 1.(2021·广州市模拟二)It was worth it, though.I still have that golden headdress, as ________ reminds me of those unforgettable days.2．(全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using ________ every day.3．(2021·南宁市第一次适应性测试)Shi Yan, chief of the Liaoning University of TCM, says he supports international students to participate in such activities, which will help ____________ combine knowledge together with culture. 无提示词类填空， 当句中缺少主语或宾语时， 一般要填代词， 主要包括不定代词和it。(1)如果空格前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作主语，可根据代指的情况用he，she或者it。(2)如果空格前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作宾语，可根据代指的情况用him，her或者it。(3)如果空格前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作主语，填they。(4)如果空格前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作宾语，填them。
2.it的特殊用法 4.(2021·湖南省长郡中学第五次适应性考试)But ____________ was not only her sex that kept her long marginalized and long unsung.5．(2021·沈阳市质量监测三)The history of Beijing glassware dates back to the early Ming Dynasty.____________ is said that when people smelted (熔炼) bronze, they discovered that some waste materials could form beautiful colors.6．(2021·福建省惠安一中5月模拟)Every new year in the heartland of industrial China thousands upon thousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road, determined to make ____________ home.7．(浙江6月卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out. (1)指代天气、时间、距离等。(2)分析句子结构， 发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时， 应考虑it。(3)it的常用固定句型：·It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分·It＋be＋形容词＋of/for sb to do sth·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth·hate/like/enjoy it that...讨厌/喜欢……·when it comes to...当谈到……·as sb puts it正如某人所言·make it成功
答案
1．it [考查代词。句意：但这是值得的。我仍然留着那个金色的头饰，因为它让我想起了那些难忘的日子。分析句子，根据句意可知，此处连词as后应用代词it作主语，指前面的事物that golden headdress。]
2．it [考查代词。指代前句中的the railway，故填it。]
3．them [考查代词。句意： 辽宁中医药大学负责人石岩表示，他支持国际学生参加此类活动，这将有助于国际生将知识与文化结合起来。此处修饰复数名词international students，并且空处作宾语。所以应用them。]
4．it [考查强调句型。句意：但使她长期被边缘化、默默无闻的，并不仅仅是她的性别。强调句的结构：it＋is/was＋强调成分＋that/who＋其他。]
5．it [考查代词。句意：据说，当人们熔炼青铜时，他们发现一些废料可以形成美丽的颜色。固定句型：It is said that...“据说”，其中it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。]
6．it [考查代词。句意：每年新年，在中国工业中心地带，成千上万的摩托车手冒着严寒上路，决心回家。根据句意可知，他们冒着严寒，也一定要回家，make it及时抵达，走完路程。]
7．it [考查代词。此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是to eat out。]
INCLUDEPICTURE"对点练.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\对点练.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\对点练.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\对点练.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\对点练.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\教师Word文档\\专题四 语法填空——先语法再语意\\第二讲 从微观把握——突破语法填空2大题型\\对点练.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
A
(2021·上饶市三模)
Besides oceans, glacier ice is the largest source of water on earth.A glacier is a sheet of ice that moves 1.____________ (it) under the influence of gravity.Some glaciers travel down mountains or valleys, 2.____________ others spread across a large expanse of land.3.____________(heavy) glaciated regions such as Greenland and Antarctica are called continental glaciers.These two ice sheets account 4.____________ more than 95 percent of the earth’s glacial ice.The Greenland ice is so heavy that much of the region 5.____________ (press) below sea level so far.Smaller glaciers that occur at higher altitudes are called valley or alpine glaciers (山岳冰川)．Another way of 6.____________ (classify) glaciers is in terms of their internal temperature.In temperate glaciers, the ice within the glacier is near its melting point.
The 7.____________ (major) of the earth’s glaciers are located near the poles, though glaciers exist on all continents, including Africa and Oceania.Glaciers 8.____________ (form) in high alpine regions generally result from cold temperatures throughout the year.The weight and pressure of ice accumulation causes glacier movement.As a glacier moves, it carves out 9.____________ U－shaped valley similar to a riverbed, but with much steeper walls and a 10.____________ (flat) bottom.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述冰川的形成原因以及世界上的冰川分布情况。
1．itself [考查代词。句意：冰川是一层在重力作用下移动的冰。根据句意可知，冰川是自己在移动，所以此处用反身代词作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者。故填itself。]
2．while/but [考查连词。句意：一些冰川沿着山脉或山谷而下，而另一些则分布在广阔的土地上。根据句意可知，前后句为转折对比关系，所以用表示转折的连词while或but连接。]
3．Heavily [考查词性转换。句意：格陵兰岛和南极洲等严重冰封的地区被称为大陆冰川。修饰形容词glaciated要用副词，句首字母需大写。]
4．for [考查介词。句意：这两个冰原占了地球冰川的95%以上。表示“(比例)占……”为固定短语account for，所以空处为介词for。]
5．has been pressed [考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：格陵兰岛的冰是如此之厚重，以至于到目前为止大部分地区都被压在海平面以下。分析可知，主语much of the region和press之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语so far可知要用现在完成时的被动语态，且much of the region表达的是不可数的概念，所以谓语动词也用相应的单数形式。]
6．classifying [考查非谓语动词。句意：另一种分类冰川的方法是根据它们的内部温度。介词of后面要用动名词作宾语。]
7．majority [考查词性转换。句意：尽管包括非洲和大洋洲在内的各大洲都有冰川，但地球上的大多数冰川都位于两极附近。分析可知，表示“大多数……”为固定短语the majority of，所以空处应填major的名词形式。]
8．formed [考查非谓语动词。句意：在高山地区形成的冰川通常是由于常年低温所致。分析可知，句子谓语动词为result from，和form之间无and连接，所以空处为非谓语，form和Glaciers之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。]
9．a [考查冠词。句意：随着冰川的移动，它会雕刻出一个类似于河床的U形山谷，但其壁更陡峭，底部更平坦。分析可知，此处“U形山谷”为泛指，所以要用不定冠词，且U－shaped是以辅音音素开头，所用a。]
10．flatter [考查比较等级。句意同上题。根据句意可知，空处应该用比较级，和空前的much steeper并列，表示“更加平坦”。]
B
(2021·南宁市第一次适应性测试)
Sirinpun, a student from Thailand, is studying Traditional Chinese Medicine at Liaoning University of TCM.She 1.____________ (be) in China for 5 years.She and her foreign friends work 2.____________ volunteers at the Liaoning Museum to help foreigner understand 3.____________ cultural background of the Exhibition of Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties.
“It is the key to Chinese culture but a big challenge for foreigners who have an interest in China.By helping them, I can improve 4.____________ (I) own understanding, and this will be 5.____________ (benefit) to my study, ”she explained.
There are 27，700 international students from 166 countries in Liaoning, ranking fifth in China, 6.____________ (report) by the local authority.But most can hardly understand Chinese culture or join in local life due to cross－cultural barriers.
To offer 7.____________ (convenient) to foreigners to better understand Chinese culture, the Liaoning Museum works with local universities to provide such a platform.
“Through this exhibition, I have gained a deeper understanding about China’s long history and excellent culture，” said Sirinpun Yantarat.It seems that I have 8.____________ (absolute) gone back to the times of the eight masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, 9.____________ (enjoy) their thoughts and spirits.
Shi Yan, chief of the Liaoning University of TCM, says he supports international students to participate in such activities, 10.____________ will help them combine knowledge together with culture.
【语篇解读】 本文是新闻报道。来自泰国的学生Sirinpun在辽宁中医药大学学习中医。她和她的外国朋友在辽宁博物馆做志愿者，帮助外国人了解唐宋八大家展览的文化背景。
1．has been [考查时态和主谓一致。根据前后句意，这里用现在完成时态，表示“她来中国已经5年了。”主语是she，谓语动词用单数形式。]
2．as [考查介词。work as“担任”，属于固定短语。]
3．the [考查定冠词。根据句意：这里指唐宋八大家展览的文化背景，故本空应填定冠词the。]
4．my [考查代词。本空后面有own，再根据句意，这里填形容词性物主代词，表示“提高我自己对中国文化的了解”。]
5．beneficial [考查词性转换。本空后面是介词to，本空又在句子表语的位置上，根据句意，这里应填形容词，表示“这对我的学习也很有帮助”。]
6．reported [考查非谓语动词。辽宁有来自166个国家的27 700名国际学生，在中国排名第五，这是由当地政府报道的，因此用过去分词(本空后面有介词by，也暗示了答案)。]
7．convenience [考查词性转换。本空位于动词offer后面，根据句意，应填名词作offer的宾语，表示“为了方便外国人更好地了解中国文化”。]
8．absolutely [考查词性转换。本空位于谓语动词之前，故应用副词修饰动词。]
9．enjoying [考查非谓语动词。注意本空前有逗号，根据句意，这里用现在分词作伴随情况状语。]
10．which [考查定语从句。本空位于句子的主语位置上，再结合句意，这里用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代activities，并在从句中作主语。]
语法填空指导- 自由填空题
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思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
1.不定冠词a/an 1.(2020·浙江1月卷)A child born in the US today has ____________ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.2．(2021·江西省重点中学盟校第一次联考)Chinese scientists have created the world’s first light－based quantum (量子) computer, called Jiuzhang.It’s ________ breakthrough in the field after Google completed its quantum computer last year. 分析句子结构， 发现空格后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑不定冠词a/an。用不定冠词a/an的常考点：(1)泛指一类人与物，表示“一”的概念；(2)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
2.定冠词the 3.(2021·全国乙卷)Due to ____________ growing popularity of environmentally－related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The plum trees are ____________ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化)．They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.5．(2021·湖南长郡中学第五次适应性考试)In old age.Mrs.Johnson became ________ most celebrated of the small excellent group of black women who at midcentury served as mathematicians for the space agency. 分析句子结构， 发现空格后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑定冠词the用定冠词the的常考点：(1)特指某人或某事；(2)用在序数词或最高级前或有only, very, same 等修饰的名词前；(3)用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前；(4)用在西洋乐器名词前，如piano, violin等；(5)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
3.固定搭配中的冠词 6.(2021·全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all ____________ way around the Xi’an City Wall.7．(2021·成都市一诊)In the film, Michael Wood, one of BBC’s most popular hosts, visited ________ number of Chinese cities to retrace Du’s steps.8．(2021·咸阳市一模)Before answering the question, let’s take ________ look at students studying in China.9．(2021·攀枝花市第二次统考)In a sometimes callous (冷漠的) world where people can be so focused on what they’re doing, a random act of kindness can make ________ difference. 固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前用冠词(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：at the same time, on the contrary, to tell the truth, in the distance，make the most/best of, on the spot等。(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：catch a cold, have a fever，all of a sudden, as a matter of fact，as a result, have a gift for，make a living, give sb a lift，have a good knowledge of等。(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位。
答案
1．a [考查冠词。根据下文的chance 可知，这里语意表示“非常实际的一个可能性”，故填不定冠词，表示泛指。]
2．a [考查冠词。句意：这是谷歌去年完成量子计算机之后在这一领域的一个突破。分析句子可知，句中“breakthrough”意为“突破，重大进展”，为可数名词，句中泛指一个突破，故应用不定冠词修饰，breakthrough单词音标的第一个音素为辅音音素，故应用不定冠词a。]
3．the [考查冠词。名词popularity后有定语，故其前应用定冠词the表特指，the growing popularity of...“……的日益流行”。]
4．the [考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。]
5．the [考查冠词。句意：在晚年。约翰逊夫人是本世纪中叶为数不多的优秀黑人女性中最著名的一位，她们在太空总署担任数学家。设空处后为最高级，故设空处应用定冠词the。]
6．the [考查冠词。all the way为固定短语，意为“一直，一路上”。]
7．a [考查冠词。句意：在这部影片中，英国广播公司最受欢迎的主持人之一Michael Wood访问了中国多个城市，追溯杜甫的脚步。由句意可知，此处表“许多”，a number of...(许多……)，用不定冠词a。]
8．a [考查固定搭配。句意：在回答这个问题之前，让我们先来看看在中国学习的学生。take a look at意为“看一看……”，为固定搭配。]
9．a [考查冠词。句意：在一个人们可能非常专注于他们做的有时很无情的世界里，一个随意的善举可能会有很大的影响。make a difference“有作用；有影响”，是固定短语。]
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思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
1.句意明，辨成分 1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist ____________ earth，Mother Nature.2．(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Museums must compete ____________ people’s spare time and money with other amusements.3．(2021·成都市一诊)Du Fu：China’s Greatest Poet, a 58－minute film released recently on BBC introduces Du Fu to the Western world for the first time ________ the form of documentary.4．(2021·河南省高考适应性练习)You can also gain some insight ________ the city’s present and future by experiencing modern leisure. 若空格后是名词、代词或动名词， 且它们在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时考虑介词。(1)分析句子结构， 发现空格放在名词前后时， 应考虑名词与介词的搭配。(2)分析句子结构， 发现空格放在不及物动词后、名词前时， 应考虑动词与介词的搭配。(3)分析句子结构， 发现空格放在形容词或名词后名词前时， 应考虑形容词或名词与介词的搭配。
2.介词多义看语境 5.(2021·全国乙卷)Due to the growing popularity of environmentally－related and adventure travel, various types ____________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.6．(2020·浙江1月卷)This aging of the population is driven ____________ two factors.7．(2019·北京卷)First celebrated ________ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区)．8．(2019·浙江6月卷)But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ____________ this question is not clear.9．(2021·安徽省合肥市第三次质量检测)The celebration includes congratulations ________ students, recommending outstanding teachers, the exchange of ideas among teachers, and so on.10．(2021·厦门双十中学二模)Masterpieces such as Along the River During the Qingming Festival were projected on the roofs, giving visitors a feeling like walking ________ time.11．(2021·汕头市一模)Within the sleeper carriage, ____________ little else to do, people talk or play cards, and soon a small community develops among the passengers.12．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods ____________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s.13．(浙江6月卷)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ____________ dinner，get a few cooking tips from her. 1.注意下列介词在用法上的区别(1)表示时间的in, on, at①in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。②on表示星期几或某一特定的日期。③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。 (2)表示方位的through和across①through表示“从……的内部穿过”。 ②across表示“从……表面穿过”。(3)表示交通方式的by和on/in①by后可直接跟涉及交通工具的单数名词，名词前不加冠词。②on/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。(4)表示“用……”的by, in, with①by指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词。②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前。③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。(5)of 表示所属关系，“……的”“of＋n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词2．注意常考介词的用法(1)表示“作为”，用as，表示“为了”，用for表示“来自”，用from(2)with复合结构：“with＋宾语＋宾补”中用介词with(3)在被动语态中表示动作发出者，用by(4)在下列结构中用to而不用of表示所属关系the key/answer to the question, a solution to the problem
3.依据句式和搭配填介词 14.(2021·全国乙卷)It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ____________ the late 1980s.15．(2020·浙江7月卷)Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ____________，through agriculture.16．(2021·蚌埠市第四次质量检查)According to satellite monitoring results, the increase of vegetation in China accounted ____________ 25 percent of the world’s total new greenery.17．(2021·大连市二模)The opening of FAST not only offers more observation possibilities to the world’s scientific community but also contributes Chinese wisdom ____________ building a community of shared future for humanity.18．(2021·西安市模拟一)Morgan says that it is time that people stopped standing by and recording on their phones when they see someone ____________ trouble.19．(2021·南昌市二模)Over the last two months, several great apes at the San Diego Zoo have received an experimental animal COVID－19 vaccine (疫苗), because they are most ____________ risk and can be easily vaccinated.20．(2021·厦门市第二次质量检查)In Singapore there’s no better place to find Chinese medicines than in Chinatown—a colorful and lively place, rich ____________ Chinese culture and history. (1)与动词搭配，如：remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物go back to/date from 追溯至exchange...for... 用……交换……run out of 用完account for 占……比例； 说明 ……的原因(2)与名词或代词搭配，如：by accident 偶然in trouble 陷入困境，陷入麻烦in spite of 尽管，虽然in turn 依次，转而in return 作为报答at risk 处于危险中on board 乘(飞机、船)on average 平均(3)与形容词搭配，如：be curious about 对……感到好奇be proud of 因……而自豪be rich in 在……方面丰富(4)其他搭配，如：not...until... 直到……才……from...to... 从……到……between...and... 在……和……之间
答案
1．on [考查介词。on earth在世上。]
2．for [考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表达的是“为了人们的空闲时间和金钱与其他的娱乐活动进行竞争”，compete for “为……竞争”，故应用介词for。]
3．in [考查介词。句意：《杜甫：中国最伟大的诗人》，这部58分钟的电影最近在英国广播公司上映，它首次以纪录片的形式向西方世界介绍杜甫。固定搭配in the form of...(以……的方式)，用介词in。]
4．into [考查介词。insight与介词into搭配，表示“对……洞悉/了解”。]
5．of [考查介词。type后常跟of sth，various types of trips “不同类型的旅行”，因此填of。]
6．by [考查介词。空格处位于被动语态的谓语后，用来表示动作的发出者， 故填by。]
7．in [考查介词。根据空格后的1970可知，表示在某一年，应用介词in。]
8．to [考查介词。the answer to the question为固定用法，表示“问题的答案”，故填to。]
9．from [考查介词。句意：庆祝活动包括学生的祝贺，推荐优秀的老师，老师之间的思想交流等等。from 表示“来自”。]
10．through [考查介词。句意：《清明上河图》等名作被投射在屋顶上，让游客们有一种穿越时间的感觉。结合句意，through 该处指“在时间中穿过”。]
11．with [考查介词。句意：在卧铺车厢里，人们无事可做，要么聊天，要么打牌，很快在乘客中形成了一个小社区。分析句子，根据句意可知，此处应用介词with接复合宾语，即with＋名词＋不定式结构作状语，with表示伴随、原因、条件等，符合句意。]
12．of/for [考查介词。methods of/for doing sth做某事的方法，故填of/for。]
13．for [考查介词。go to some place for dinner “去某个地方吃饭”。介词for在此表示目的。]
14．until [考查介词。根据句意和句中的not可知，本空填until。not...until “直到……才……”。]
15．in [考查介词。live in是固定搭配，表示“在……地方生活”，故填in。]
16．for [考查介词。句意：根据卫星监测结果，中国植被的增加量占世界新绿化总量的25%。account for“占……比例”。]
17．to [考查介词。句意：FAST的开通不仅为世界科学界提供了更多的观测机会，也为构建人类命运共同体贡献了中国智慧。结合句意表示“贡献……”短语为contribute...to...。]
18．in [考查介词。句意：摩根说，当人们看到有人陷入困境时，是时候停止站在一旁用手机录像。in trouble为固定短语，意为“陷入困境，陷入麻烦”。]
19．at [考查介词。句意：在过去两个月里，圣地亚哥动物园的几只类人猿接受了COVID－19实验动物疫苗，因为它们面临的风险最大，并且可以很容易地接种疫苗。表示“有风险”为介词短语at risk，在句中作表语。]
20．in [考查介词。句意：在新加坡，没有比唐人街能更好地找到中药的地方了，那是一个丰富多彩而充满生机的地方，有着丰富的中国文化和历史。(be) rich in“在……方面丰富”为固定用法。]
微技能三 INCLUDEPICTURE"竖线.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\竖线.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\竖线.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\竖线.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\竖线.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\教师Word文档\\专题四 语法填空——先语法再语意\\第二讲 从微观把握——突破语法填空2大题型\\竖线.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET 如何确定填代词
思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
1.句意清，指代明 1.(2021·广州市模拟二)It was worth it, though.I still have that golden headdress, as ________ reminds me of those unforgettable days.2．(全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using ________ every day.3．(2021·南宁市第一次适应性测试)Shi Yan, chief of the Liaoning University of TCM, says he supports international students to participate in such activities, which will help ____________ combine knowledge together with culture. 无提示词类填空， 当句中缺少主语或宾语时， 一般要填代词， 主要包括不定代词和it。(1)如果空格前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作主语，可根据代指的情况用he，she或者it。(2)如果空格前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作宾语，可根据代指的情况用him，her或者it。(3)如果空格前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作主语，填they。(4)如果空格前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作宾语，填them。
2.it的特殊用法 4.(2021·湖南省长郡中学第五次适应性考试)But ____________ was not only her sex that kept her long marginalized and long unsung.5．(2021·沈阳市质量监测三)The history of Beijing glassware dates back to the early Ming Dynasty.____________ is said that when people smelted (熔炼) bronze, they discovered that some waste materials could form beautiful colors.6．(2021·福建省惠安一中5月模拟)Every new year in the heartland of industrial China thousands upon thousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road, determined to make ____________ home.7．(浙江6月卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out. (1)指代天气、时间、距离等。(2)分析句子结构， 发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时， 应考虑it。(3)it的常用固定句型：·It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分·It＋be＋形容词＋of/for sb to do sth·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth·hate/like/enjoy it that...讨厌/喜欢……·when it comes to...当谈到……·as sb puts it正如某人所言·make it成功
答案
1．it [考查代词。句意：但这是值得的。我仍然留着那个金色的头饰，因为它让我想起了那些难忘的日子。分析句子，根据句意可知，此处连词as后应用代词it作主语，指前面的事物that golden headdress。]
2．it [考查代词。指代前句中的the railway，故填it。]
3．them [考查代词。句意： 辽宁中医药大学负责人石岩表示，他支持国际学生参加此类活动，这将有助于国际生将知识与文化结合起来。此处修饰复数名词international students，并且空处作宾语。所以应用them。]
4．it [考查强调句型。句意：但使她长期被边缘化、默默无闻的，并不仅仅是她的性别。强调句的结构：it＋is/was＋强调成分＋that/who＋其他。]
5．it [考查代词。句意：据说，当人们熔炼青铜时，他们发现一些废料可以形成美丽的颜色。固定句型：It is said that...“据说”，其中it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。]
6．it [考查代词。句意：每年新年，在中国工业中心地带，成千上万的摩托车手冒着严寒上路，决心回家。根据句意可知，他们冒着严寒，也一定要回家，make it及时抵达，走完路程。]
7．it [考查代词。此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是to eat out。]
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A
(2021·上饶市三模)
Besides oceans, glacier ice is the largest source of water on earth.A glacier is a sheet of ice that moves 1.____________ (it) under the influence of gravity.Some glaciers travel down mountains or valleys, 2.____________ others spread across a large expanse of land.3.____________(heavy) glaciated regions such as Greenland and Antarctica are called continental glaciers.These two ice sheets account 4.____________ more than 95 percent of the earth’s glacial ice.The Greenland ice is so heavy that much of the region 5.____________ (press) below sea level so far.Smaller glaciers that occur at higher altitudes are called valley or alpine glaciers (山岳冰川)．Another way of 6.____________ (classify) glaciers is in terms of their internal temperature.In temperate glaciers, the ice within the glacier is near its melting point.
The 7.____________ (major) of the earth’s glaciers are located near the poles, though glaciers exist on all continents, including Africa and Oceania.Glaciers 8.____________ (form) in high alpine regions generally result from cold temperatures throughout the year.The weight and pressure of ice accumulation causes glacier movement.As a glacier moves, it carves out 9.____________ U－shaped valley similar to a riverbed, but with much steeper walls and a 10.____________ (flat) bottom.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述冰川的形成原因以及世界上的冰川分布情况。
1．itself [考查代词。句意：冰川是一层在重力作用下移动的冰。根据句意可知，冰川是自己在移动，所以此处用反身代词作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者。故填itself。]
2．while/but [考查连词。句意：一些冰川沿着山脉或山谷而下，而另一些则分布在广阔的土地上。根据句意可知，前后句为转折对比关系，所以用表示转折的连词while或but连接。]
3．Heavily [考查词性转换。句意：格陵兰岛和南极洲等严重冰封的地区被称为大陆冰川。修饰形容词glaciated要用副词，句首字母需大写。]
4．for [考查介词。句意：这两个冰原占了地球冰川的95%以上。表示“(比例)占……”为固定短语account for，所以空处为介词for。]
5．has been pressed [考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：格陵兰岛的冰是如此之厚重，以至于到目前为止大部分地区都被压在海平面以下。分析可知，主语much of the region和press之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语so far可知要用现在完成时的被动语态，且much of the region表达的是不可数的概念，所以谓语动词也用相应的单数形式。]
6．classifying [考查非谓语动词。句意：另一种分类冰川的方法是根据它们的内部温度。介词of后面要用动名词作宾语。]
7．majority [考查词性转换。句意：尽管包括非洲和大洋洲在内的各大洲都有冰川，但地球上的大多数冰川都位于两极附近。分析可知，表示“大多数……”为固定短语the majority of，所以空处应填major的名词形式。]
8．formed [考查非谓语动词。句意：在高山地区形成的冰川通常是由于常年低温所致。分析可知，句子谓语动词为result from，和form之间无and连接，所以空处为非谓语，form和Glaciers之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。]
9．a [考查冠词。句意：随着冰川的移动，它会雕刻出一个类似于河床的U形山谷，但其壁更陡峭，底部更平坦。分析可知，此处“U形山谷”为泛指，所以要用不定冠词，且U－shaped是以辅音音素开头，所用a。]
10．flatter [考查比较等级。句意同上题。根据句意可知，空处应该用比较级，和空前的much steeper并列，表示“更加平坦”。]
B
(2021·南宁市第一次适应性测试)
Sirinpun, a student from Thailand, is studying Traditional Chinese Medicine at Liaoning University of TCM.She 1.____________ (be) in China for 5 years.She and her foreign friends work 2.____________ volunteers at the Liaoning Museum to help foreigner understand 3.____________ cultural background of the Exhibition of Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties.
“It is the key to Chinese culture but a big challenge for foreigners who have an interest in China.By helping them, I can improve 4.____________ (I) own understanding, and this will be 5.____________ (benefit) to my study, ”she explained.
There are 27，700 international students from 166 countries in Liaoning, ranking fifth in China, 6.____________ (report) by the local authority.But most can hardly understand Chinese culture or join in local life due to cross－cultural barriers.
To offer 7.____________ (convenient) to foreigners to better understand Chinese culture, the Liaoning Museum works with local universities to provide such a platform.
“Through this exhibition, I have gained a deeper understanding about China’s long history and excellent culture，” said Sirinpun Yantarat.It seems that I have 8.____________ (absolute) gone back to the times of the eight masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, 9.____________ (enjoy) their thoughts and spirits.
Shi Yan, chief of the Liaoning University of TCM, says he supports international students to participate in such activities, 10.____________ will help them combine knowledge together with culture.
【语篇解读】 本文是新闻报道。来自泰国的学生Sirinpun在辽宁中医药大学学习中医。她和她的外国朋友在辽宁博物馆做志愿者，帮助外国人了解唐宋八大家展览的文化背景。
1．has been [考查时态和主谓一致。根据前后句意，这里用现在完成时态，表示“她来中国已经5年了。”主语是she，谓语动词用单数形式。]
2．as [考查介词。work as“担任”，属于固定短语。]
3．the [考查定冠词。根据句意：这里指唐宋八大家展览的文化背景，故本空应填定冠词the。]
4．my [考查代词。本空后面有own，再根据句意，这里填形容词性物主代词，表示“提高我自己对中国文化的了解”。]
5．beneficial [考查词性转换。本空后面是介词to，本空又在句子表语的位置上，根据句意，这里应填形容词，表示“这对我的学习也很有帮助”。]
6．reported [考查非谓语动词。辽宁有来自166个国家的27 700名国际学生，在中国排名第五，这是由当地政府报道的，因此用过去分词(本空后面有介词by，也暗示了答案)。]
7．convenience [考查词性转换。本空位于动词offer后面，根据句意，应填名词作offer的宾语，表示“为了方便外国人更好地了解中国文化”。]
8．absolutely [考查词性转换。本空位于谓语动词之前，故应用副词修饰动词。]
9．enjoying [考查非谓语动词。注意本空前有逗号，根据句意，这里用现在分词作伴随情况状语。]
10．which [考查定语从句。本空位于句子的主语位置上，再结合句意，这里用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代activities，并在从句中作主语。]