【绝密绝招 考前添分指导】2014福建高考——短文填词指导（精讲精析）

短文填词专项解读
2009年以来，高考英语(福建卷)第二卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第四部分“写作”的第一节为“短文填词”，共设10小题，每小题1分，满分10分，要求考生阅读一篇短文并根据汉语提示、首字母提示或语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上，所填单词要求意义准确、拼写正确。
尽管考生在备考的过程中做了大量的短文填词练 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )习，然而从近五年的高考实践看，考生这一部分的得分率偏低。那么在复习过程中，如何备考才能提高得分呢？笔者愿以近五年引导学生备考的做法及感悟，与大家分享。
一、再现真题，感悟考点。
(一) 请完成以下三篇短文填词。
(1) 2013(福建卷)短文填词
Every individual is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) member of a group called the community, and it
is the duty o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f every citizen ask what he can do for his community. 76.
A good citizen (相信) that he should serve the 77.
community and not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the community serve h . As students, 78.
there are many wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ys in you can serve the community. 79.
Above all, however, you have to acquire a certain amount of
skill and experience b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you can be of service to others. 80.
Your school has lots of (活动) which prepare you 81.
good c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itizenship. Many school societies train students 82.
to become go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )od citizens who later p in volunteer work 83.
and serve the publi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )c in t of need. If you serve your community, 84.
you will grow to be a good citizen with a strong sense of 85.
responsibility.
(2) 2012(福建卷)短文填词
People often don’t do what they really want to for fear of
failure. You don’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t apply for a job case you don’t get it. 76.
You don’t perform at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the school concert b others might 77.
laugh at you. A la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ck of confidence can l to a lot of 78.
suffering. The key ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to o this problem is to believe in 79.
yourself. This might be (容易) said than done, but there 80.
are many w to help you do this. Talk about your problem 81.
with a friend or lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ok advice on the Internet. Imagine 82.
yourself being (成功) and practice breathing techniques 83.
to keep you calm when ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you get nervous. And the important 84.
thing is: beli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eve you can do it. When you’ve (学会) to do 85.
that, you are well on your way.
(3) 2011(福建卷)短文填词
Sport is necessary for everyone. It helps you keep fit. Fitness is
i if you want ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to be healthy throughout your life. The best 76.
way to keep fit is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to get plenty exercise by doing sport. 77.
According to (科学家), doing sport can benefit 78.
people a lot mentally ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as well as physically. The sport 79.
they do, the happi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er they will f . Besides, sport can help 80.
people develop will and determination. These qualities help people
achieve their goals ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) b they will not give up so easily when 81.
(面对) difficulties. What’s more, sport builds team spirit, 82.
which is good for th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e whole society. It helps people work (密切) 83.
and smoothly and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )think about , not just themselves. 84.
In c , sport ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is good for your health and happiness, and 85.
for society.
(二) 请核对答案并将自己的答案与正确答案备注。
题号 2013 2012 2011
参考答案 错误备注 参考答案 错误备注 参考答案 错误备注
76 to in important
77 believes because of
78 him lead scientists
79 which overcoming more
80 before easier feel
81 activities ways because
82 for for facing
83 participate successful closely
84 time most others
85 up learnt/learned conclusion
从备注的错误中可以看出，常见的错误有：
(1) 词形未变化。如： 。
(2) 拼写错误。如： 。
(3) 其他。如： 。
(三) 2009年至2013年高考(福建卷)短文填词考点一览表及简析。
考点 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009
动词 believes,participate lead, overcoming,learned/learnt feel,facing need, givecompared, includes,given, benefit
名词 activities, time ways scientists,conclusion toys,peace grammar,beginning
代词 him,which others their ourselves,which
形容词 successful,easier important possible
副词 up most more, closely more carefully
连词 before because because when
介词 to, for for, in of besides, on in
短文填词是写作的一部分，文章的篇幅在1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )20-130个单词之间，约12行，共设10小题，每小题的答案一般都具有唯一性的特点。短文填词与书面表达文章难度设定大体一致。
从以上表格可以看出，短文填词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )重点考查单词拼写，语言基础知识，语篇理解能力和语言表达能力；在考查词汇的同时也考查学生读与写的能力。考生必须在理解短文 内容的基础上，把握短文主旨大意，运用所学语言知识填空，使短文语篇完整。具体的考点是以实词(动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词)为主，兼顾虚词(介词、连词)。
(1) 难点在于词形变化，主要是动词、名词及代词的变化。如，2013年81题的activities。
(2) 连词与三大从句有关，而介词与习惯搭配有关，均是常考点。如，2013年82题考查了prepare sb. for sth.的习惯搭配。
(3) 应特别注意尽管没有词形变化，但平时容易拼错的词。如， 2011年78题的scientists及85题的conclusion等。
(4) 复习备考时多注意常用词句、固定句型或搭配，甚至谚语的积累。2013年短文填词中it is the duty of every citizen to ask what he can do for his community这一句是it is the duty of sb. to do sth.的固定搭配。2012年短文填词中This might be easier said than done这一句是由谚语It is easier said than done改写的，因此要引起对于谚语的重视。2011年The more sport they do, the happier…与2010 年when it comes to practicing our musical instruments 属于固定句型。2009年If possible，是固定搭配。
(5) 要熟练掌握篇章连接 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词。如，2009年Firstly…Then…After that…Lastly…；2010年First of all…Besides that…In addition…Worst of all…及2011年Besides…What’s more,…等。
(6) 注意篇章与语境。2012年84题填most是由于之前已经谈了几条建议。
(7) 从基础词法与句法做出判断。如，20 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )09年84题填which，因为这是一个非限制性定语从句。2010年77题填need，因为助动词don’t后面必为动词原形。2011年80题填feel，因为the happier是形容词，属于主系表结构。2012年85题填learnt/learned，因为they’ve=they have, 这里的have是完成时结构中的助动词，后面必为过去分词。2013年79题填which, 因为这是一个定语从句.
二、2014年短文填词备考技巧各个击破。
(一) 词形变化。
(1) 动词
1. Scientists discover ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed the water by h____ a bit of the soil to 835 degrees in the chemistry lab.
2. All the cats in the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) café were ____ (遭遗弃的) cats that were adopted from rescue centers.
3. He removed a piece of bread from his pocket and ____ a bite.
4. The researc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h p____ in the Journal Neuron last month also proved the point.
5. Hundreds of a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ngry people b____ the windows, set fire to the offices and drew graffiti (乱画) on the walls.
6. The government ____ (派遣) hundreds of police officers to guard the local buildings last Saturday.
7. A teacher warned ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that children t____ to look like superstars on TV would end up with unhappiness.
8. If a____ to lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ok after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
9. As he coughed and choked, he jumped up and down, ____ (喊叫) loudly.
10. He said he never understood why people ____ (关注) so much on what he did.
11. She began ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king model planes and ____ (收集) books and magazines about planes when she was a little girl.
12. ____ (选择) a subject is not going to be easy.
13. With such unhea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lthy air quality, some simple ways are ____ (推荐) for you to reduce higher risk of health problems.
14. They kept the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) clothes that they already had, and stopped b____ any more.
15. Problems ____ (出现) when our computer and television broke down.
Key:
1. heating 2. aban ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )doned3. took/had4. published 5. broke 6. sent7. trying8. asked 9. shouting 10. focused
11. collecting12. Choosing13. recommended14. buying 15. arose
(2) 名词、形容词与副词
1. The next time you feel ____ (无聊的), play a game or cards.
2. I was enjoying t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he busy traffic with people rushing in every possible ____ (方向) when we got stuck at a very busy crossroads.
3. Are dolphins more i____ than other animals
4. The gover ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nment wants to make sure that all local schools have ____ (相似的) standards.
5. All through the Middle Ages, chickens only laid eggs for part of the year, m____ in the spring.
6. With the i____ of pottery (陶器) about 5,000 BC, boiling food gradually became more common.
7. If you have any suggestions, please speak to me d____.
8. A week without water can e____ kill the average person.
9. Just as N ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ew York Times says, this is a book with the ____ (有魔力的) power to inspire and comfort its readers.
10. I had an ____ (预约) with Dr. Green last Friday.
11. My experiment ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was soon finished, and it made a deep ____ (印象) on me.
12. Worry and an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xiety can turn into physical and emotional symptoms quickly, e____ for younger age groups.
Key:
1. bored 2. direction 3. intelligent 4. similar 5. mainly 6. invention 7. directly 8. easily9. magic 10. appointment
11. impression 12. especially
(3) 代词
1. Mice who ate n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uts made improvements in learning and memory, compared with ____ who didn’t ate nuts.
2. This poor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )little boy who had only one piece of bread shared ____ immediately with the dog.
3. I thanked hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m for his good wishes and wished ____ luck in his future life.
4. Since nobody gave h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er any help, she must have done the research on ____ own.
5. We appreciate h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow important ____ is for parents and kids to spend quality time together.
Key:1. those 2. it 3. him 4. her 5. it
(二) 常见拼写错误词汇。
1. The capta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in was visiting the island and wanted to know if the soldiers had any ____ (抱怨).
2. A survey ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )found that over half of schoolchildren lacked ____ (信心) because of their body shape.
3. Dweck and her colleagues asked 87 college students to describe their ____ (信仰).
4. Turkey ____ (宣布 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )) that it had decided to talk with AgustaWestland to produce the helicopter.
5. Whenever I made ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with p____.
6. He spent the rest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of his life trying to pay little attention to his ____ (成就).
7. As a teenager, he got his driving ____ at the age of 16.
8. It seems that th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e old tradition of children getting a bedtime story before sleeping is ____ (消失) in Britain.
9. Parents came up wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h a v____ of reasons why they did not spend more time with their little ones.
10. They have h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eld a singing c____ for children under ten and a 7-year-old girl won first place at last.
Key:
1. complaint(s) 2. confidence 3. beliefs 4. announced 5. patience
6. achievement(s) 7. license 8. disappearing 9. variety petition
(三) 简单句、并列句与复合句。
1. Hundreds of st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )udents ____ are interested in the program joined the athletes in the streets.
2. Read this s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tory, ____ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
3. The teacher was ang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry because we had the same answers in the test. We were warned not to cheat again, ____ she would see our parents.
4. It’s not easy to c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hange habits, ____ with awareness and self-control, it is possible.
5. She says that she’l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l have to close the shop ____ the business improves.
6. ____ you sai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
7. Nowadays people are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) more concerned about the environment ____ they live.
8. We have la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )unched another man-made satellite, ____ is announced in today’s newspaper.
9. John invit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed about 40 people to his wedding, most of ____ are family members.
10. Happiness and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )success often come to those ____ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
11. Do not let any f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ailures discourage you, for you can never tell ____ close you may be to victory.
12. The president ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ____ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
13. The book tell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected.
14. Police have found ____ appears to be the lost ancient statue.
15. Experts be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lieve ____ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
Key:
1. who 2. and 3. or 4. but 5. unless 6. What 7. where 8. which
9. whom 10. who 11. how 12. which 13. whose 14. what 15. that
(四) 牢记固定短语、搭配或句型。
1. These types o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f games are so interesting ____ they can improve one’s intelligence.
2. You should have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a good rest. ____ the other hand, eat more fruit and vegetables!
3. Not only are nu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts the perfect snack for a summer road trip, they ____ keep your mind sharp.
4. In this season ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), there is plenty ____ daylight but it isn’t too hot.
5. Around 55 per c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent of teachers reported that girls were more sensitive ____ comments about their looks.
6. Many young people are on a ____ to make themselves attractive.
7. T____ to physi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cal scientist, Quoc Truong, you may not have to worry about your dry cleaning bill ever again!
8. I think i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t makes no difference whether the teachers are using red ____ blue pens to grade papers.
9. If we had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )booked a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here ____ a queue.
10. An artist wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered by c____ a long lost antique Greek vase.
Key: 1. that 2. O ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n 3. also4. of 5. to 6. diet 7. Thanks 8. or 9. in 10. chance
(五) 语篇、语境、逻辑及一致关系。
1. A serious study ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of physics is impossible ____ some knowledge of mathematics.
2. The boy waited ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ____ he was sure the dog was gone, and then he picked up the bread and ate it!
3. It is said that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )people have been eating eggs ____ about six million years ago.
4. If one o____ loses self-confidence, he can never expect to be successful.
5. B____ you pay ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library for a book about it.
6. Even if y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou’ve lost something, let ____ go and move on. That’s better than continuing to lose.
7. Smog (雾霾) hurts p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eople’s eyes, nose, and throat, which can make it more difficult for the body to f____ against an infection.
8. As millions o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f students return to school this year, a lot of students need effective methods to a____ to the change.
Key: 1. without ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 2. until/till 3. since 4. once 5. Before 6. it 7. fight 8. adapt