【绝密绝招 考前添分指导】2014广东高考——完形填空指导（精讲精析）
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| 名称 | 【绝密绝招 考前添分指导】2014广东高考——完形填空指导（精讲精析） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 48.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2014-05-30 09:52:11 | ||
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完形填空解题奥秘
一、关注短文的语义场
Ⅰ. 同一语义场的话题具有一致性。一般来 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )说，在同一语义场内 (通常是文章的一个小段落) 其中心话题不会改变，可以利用段落的中心话题来确定试题的答案。如：
(1) I used to be a ve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people before I think about myself. I am happy that I am becoming a 37 person. (改编自2013年山东省高考试题)
37. A. famous B. simple C. different D. skilled
解析：C。本段的中心话题是作者自身情况的转 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )变——由一个以自我为中心的人，转变成为一个愿意为他人考虑的人。根据这个语义场可推测，作者开始在考虑自己之前先考虑他人。由于自己在思想方面的变化，作者变成一个 “不同的人”，故37题答案为C。
(2) Leaping o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n a narrow balance beam (平衡木) is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnast, is an expert at it.
To perfect her skil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ls, Lola 36 for four hours a day, five days a week.
(改编自2013年北京高考试题)
36. A. runs B. teaches C. trains D. dances
解析：C。本段的中心话题是练习平衡木。与语义场相关的词汇train (训练) 就从所有的选项当中突显出来了，故本题答案为C。
(3) She was very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )disappointed when she found that all the windows were 51 and rather dirty. (改编自2013年辽宁省高考试题)
51. A. transparent B. bright C. plain D. wide
解析：C。本空后由并列连词and连 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )接，它所连接的两个词应具有相似性，即语义场必须一致。dirty这个形容词是贬义词，其前面的选项也必须是对等语义，故答案为C。plain在这里意为 “普通的”。
Ⅱ. 有些情况下，同一语义场中的一些概念之间 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )具有种属关系或上下级关系。如food这个种概念之下包括rice, noodle, soup, cake, biscuit, porridge等属概念。school这一范围之内可包括teacher, student, dormitory, teaching building, staff, library, lab等属概念，因此可用语义场的这一特点来确定试题答案。如：
(1) It is easy to overlook the role that your body plays in influencing your mood (情绪). When you are 49 , you may find yourself blaming work pressures or an unknown future. However, it could just be that you’ve been sitting behind your desk too long. (改编自2013年重庆高考试题)
49. A. ill B. poor C. unhappy D. unsuccessful
解析：C。本空前名词mood是一个种概念。在所给的四个选项中，从属于“情绪”这个种概念的属概念只有unhappy一项，故答案为C。
(2) When she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was little, her mom noticed that even though she couldn’t see well, she was fearless. So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three. She loved the
41 right away and gymnastics became her favorite. (改编自2013年北京高考试题)
41. A. task B. sport C. event D. show
解析：B。sport是一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个种概念。本空前后都出现了与这个种概念相关的属概念词 gymnastics (体操运动)。根据种属概念的关联性，可确定本题答案为B。
Ⅲ. 关注反义语义场及两极语义场的对立 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )关系。有些情况下相邻的两个或数个句子之间的逻辑是完全相反的或相对的。如：战争(war)与和平(peace)、建设(construction)和destruction (破坏)、贫穷 (poor) 与富裕 (rich)。在对立关系中，表示对立的词汇一般成对出现。如：
(1) A man was tryin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g to take a photo of a crow (乌鸦) that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. (改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
7. A. relax B. recover C. react D. return
解析：D。本空前一句中的关键词left和选项D(return)互为反义词。根据语义场的对立或相对关系可知答案为D。
(2) The crow stay ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was repeated with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 . (改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
11. A. confused B. gone C. tired D. drunk
解析：B。本空前关键词return同选项中的gone互为反义词。根据语义场的对立关系可知答案为B。
Ⅳ. 关注语义场的分析和总合关系。在同一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语义场中，常常会对某个概念或某件事情进行解释或详细的说明，这是一种分析关系；而对前面的内容进行概括和总结，则是一种总合关系。考生可依据后面的解释或概括确定答案。如：
(1) Number sense i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. Surprisingly，experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice. However, if you remove two, the bird generally leaves. This means that the bird knows the difference between two and three. (改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
1. A. rise B. pattern C. change D. trend
解析：C。根据本空后For examp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le所列举的例子可知，这些例子都在说明数量上的变化，即后面的内容解释说明了change in number, 故答案为C。
(2) The man had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an 8 . He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not fool the bird. (改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
8. A. appointment B. excuse C. idea D. explanation
解析：C。根据本空后叙述的内容可知，所有的这些做法是这个人所想到的一个将乌鸦弄糊涂的办法，故答案为C。
(3) Number sense is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a change in number. Human beings are born with this ability. Surprisingly，experiments show that many animals are, too.
...
It seems that number ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human 15 is not much better than a crow’s.
15. A. sight B. nature C. ability D. belief
(改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
解析：C。根据上下文可知，此处是对前面内容的总结，故答案为C。
【即学即练】
A
1. Some people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) insist that stealing is always wrong, but others think that one does not need to feel so guilty when stealing some food to eat, if he/she lives in a really poor area and he/she is .
A. begging B. starving C. growing D. wandering
2. Rules can help t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he public make right choices. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations to avoid crashes. Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent .
A. accidents B. mistakes C. falls D. deaths
3. Some people choo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se not to eat meat because they believe that it is to eat animals, but others argue that they can eat meat and still be kind to animals.
A. awful B. unnecessary C. unhealthy D. cruel
4. I observed a numb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er of intelligent children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying heavily on their teachers’ directions.
A. separate B. new C. regular D. boring
5. While many parts of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Canada have ensured that new drivers must be accompanied with a more driver in the vehicle, it’s important for parents to share safety tips with their inexperienced teenagers.
A. complicated ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. experienced C. pleased D. inspired
B
When I was just 20 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )months old, I suffered serious 1 after a bowl full hot oil fell on my head. I was 2 to hospital and had to stay there for weeks while the doctors 3 to save my life. “Holly’s very 4 to be alive,” they told Mum and Dad. “But she’ll be 5 with scars on her head, and of course her hair won’t grow there.”
1. A. hunger B. cold C. defeats D. burns
2. A. rushed B. led C. invited D. forced
3. A. learned B. fought C. returned D. decided
4. A. happy B. lucky C. lonely D. poor
5. A. pressed B. occupied C. left D. painted
C
Lola doesn’t want to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be 1 differently from the other girls on her team. At the competitions, the judges don’t know about her vision 2 . She doesn’t tell them, because she doesn’t think they need to know. Her mom is amazed by her 3 attitude.
...
Lola never thinks ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) about 4 . She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her 5 is to reach level 9. She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she’s learned to other kids when she grew up.
1. A. greeted B. treated C. served D. paid
2. A. pains B. stresses C. injuries D. problems
3. A. positive B. friendly C. flexible D. cautious
4. A. defending B. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) quitting C. winning D. bargaining
5. A. standard B. range C. goal D. view
Key: A: 1-5 BADCB B: 1-5 DABBC C: 1-5 BDABC
二、相关及相同词语复现
在完形填空试题中，一些空格前后会出现与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )正确答案联系紧密的信息词 (短语)。这种联系通常有以下几种形式：信息词与正确答案属于同根词；信息词与正确答案是同一个词；信息词与正确答案是同义词或近义词。
Ⅰ. 空格前后的同根词
信息词与正确答案是同根词时， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这两个同根词会在短文中先后出现，陈述相同或相反意思的观点或话题。注意同根词复现时所提供的信息，并据此确定试题答案。如：
(1) It has be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The 1 is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by learning situations that are designed for the average children.
1. A. principle B. th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eory C. argument D. classification
(改编自2011年广东省高考试题)
解析：C。本空前一句中出现了一个关键的信息词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )argued。动词argue同本小题选项argument是一对同根词。根据上文语境可知句意：这种观点是建立在一个……观念的基础之上的。
(2) Every country has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )its own culture. Even though each country uses doors, doors may have practical functions and purposes which lead to 22 differences.
22. A. national B. embarrassing C. cultural D. amazing
(改编自2010年广东省高考试题)
解析：C。首句句意：门在不同 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的国家形成了自己的文化特点。据此推断，门文化在不同的国家之间有差异。文章第一句中的culture就是信息词，因此可运用同根词重现的方式找到正确答案。
Ⅱ. 空格前后的同复现词
有时，信息词与正确答案是同一个词。这两个词会在短文中先后出现 (可能相隔较远)，在文章的不同处陈述相同的观点或话题。如：
(1) The little g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irl knew exactly where she was heading! Down the hill and across the valley, she rode to the 47 of the golden house.
As she got off her bi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke and put it against the gate post, she focused on the path leading to the house and then on the house itself.
(改编自2013年辽宁省高考试题)
47. A. windows B. steps C. center D. gate
解析：D。本题可根据下文中的词语复现规则解题。根据she got off her bike and put it against the gate post可知，小姑娘骑车到了金房子门口，故答案为D。
(2) Number sense is not the ability to count…
It seems that numbe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human 15 is not much better than a crow’s.
15. A. sight B. nature C. ability D. belief
(改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
解析：C。这里的ability与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )首段的ability形成同词复现关系。本段为结论段，句义为：数字感似乎是我们与世界上许多动物都具备的能力，而且人类的这种能力并不比乌鸦强。
(3) Some top studen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts do feel bored in class, but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school.
14. A. believe B. think C. say D. feel
(改编自2011年广东省高考试题)
解析：D。本空前面的信息词feel与选项D是同一词。
Ⅲ. 空格前后的同义词或近义词
有时，信息词与选项词是一对同义词或近义词。这两个词会在短文中先后出现(可能相隔较远)，在文章的不同处陈述相同的观点或话题。如：
(1) Number sense ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a change in number. Human beings are born with this ability. Surprisingly，experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 3 . However, if you remove two, the bird generally leaves. This means that the bird knows the difference between two and three. (改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
3. A. survive B. care C. hatch D. notice
解析：D。通读本段可知，本空前后的信 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )息词分别为第二句中的recognize和最后一句中的knows，由此可推测本题答案为notice, 为两个信息词的近义词。
【即学即练】根据斜体单词的暗示，选择正确答案。
1. “Look, it’s Bald ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y!” A boy shouted in my direction across the playground. Even though I was used to regular insults because of the on my head, it was seldom horrible to hear. I sighed as I was headed back to the class.
A. hat B. scars C. scarf D. cuts
2. The achie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your . That is why exercise has been shown to build up your self-respect.
A. ability B. relationship C. confidence D. business
3. When he woke i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the morning, he learned that a band of robbers had robbed the village, killing most of the and burning up most of the houses.
A. thieves ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. animals C. soldiers D. villagers
4. Mother used to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) educate us to be confident about ourselves in any situation. Thanks to my strong , I became successful in my later life.
A. confidence ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. personalities C. qualification D. possessions
Key: 1-4 BCDA
三、逻辑推断
在完形填空的解题过程中，可根据上下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案。逻辑关系包括因果关系、比较关系、并列关系、递进关系、时空顺序关系等。从近几年的广东高考完形填空来看，大多是利用因果关系来推断正确答案的。如：
(1) By the en ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d of my first semester, I was really 41 . It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun. (改编自2013年山东省高考试题)
41. A. careful B. lonely C. curious D. guilty
解析：B。本题可依据对比关系和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )因果关系进行推测。本例通过 “我”与同学们作对比：由于同学们有许多朋友，所以玩得非常愉快；而 “我” 却没有朋友，所以非常 “孤独”；故答案为B。
(2) It was not until f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ive men went into the tower and only four left that they were 12 able to fool the crow. (改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
12. A. gradually ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. luckily C. strangely D. finally
解析：D。本题可依据时空顺序确定答案。根据上文内容可知，在进行前面多次的试验之后，他们终于将乌鸦弄糊涂了。
(3) If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration, it will be easy for them to form what is sometimes called a “black and white” view. For example, they may believe that people should always tell the truth, and that lying is 6 acceptable. Such people always stick to their views, even if it means that they may get into 7 . (改编自2012年广东省高考试题)
6. A. seldo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m B. rarely C. merely D. never
7. A. troub ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le B. power C. prison D. control
解析：DA。这两个题可依据上下文的递 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )进关系和让步关系来确定答案。从上文可知，第6空是对 black and white 观点形成的引申——他们始终认为人们应该讲真话，说谎是决不可以被接受的，故D项正确。even if引导让步状语从句，“即使可能陷入困境，这些人也始终坚持他们的观点。”
(4) In the special ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying heavily on their teachers’ directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.
(改编自2011年广东省高考试题)
9. A. directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly
解析：C。本题可根据因果关系进行解答。“因为不用担心跟不上，所以聪明的学生会自主地考虑许多问题。”
四、背景常识
将文章与我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识、科普常识等结合起来进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。该技巧与 “逻辑推断” 常常交织在一起。例如：
(1) We have been dri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ving in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now. The little seaside villages are 36 , one by one. “There is my grandmother’s house,” I say, pointing across the bay to a shabby old house. (改编自2013年福建省高考试题)
36. A. appearing B. moving C. exposing D. expanding
解析：A。根据生活常识可推测，当浓雾散去的时候，原来浓雾所掩盖的东西就会慢慢地显露出来，故答案为A。
(2) In South Korea, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning, I hurried to the bus, and when the bus doors opened, I 29 tried to get on the school bus through the front door. (改编自2010年广东省高考试题)
29. A. politely B. patiently C. unconsciously D. slowly
解析：C。本题可根据文化背景知识来解答。作者 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是初来美国的韩国人，而根据上文介绍可知，在韩国，人们不必等别人下了车再上车。由此可推测，作者看到校车前门打开后，就无意识地上车了。
(3) …the Nobel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great 29 to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences. (改编自2009年广东省高考试题)
29. A. additions ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributions
解析：D。根据常识可知，诺贝尔奖应当是颁发给那些为世界和平、文学、科学事业作出巨大贡献的人，故答案为D。
【跟踪训练】
A
I am in Nova S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cotia on a pilgrimage (朝圣) with Lise, my granddaughter, seeking roots for her, retracing (追溯) 1 memory for me. Lise was one of the mobile children, 2 from house to house in childhood. She longs for a sense of 3 , and so we have come to Nova Scotia where my husband and I were born and where our ancestors 4 for 200 years.
1. A. shared B. short C. fresh D. treasured
2. A. passed B. raised C. moved D. sent
3. A. home B. duty C. reality D. relief
4. A. built B. lived C. remained D. explored
B
Zigfried, a little mou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se, blew his breath on the frosty (多霜的) window of the farmhouse and rubbed it to see the outside. Still nobody came. Maybe today, he thought 1 . It was only a few days before Christmas and he was watching for a miracle (奇迹).
This farmhouse had been 2 too long. It needed a family. Zigfried’s 3 made a noise. He realized that he hadn’t eaten anything since yesterday. He jumped from the windowsill (窗沿), grabbed a 4 from his home, and went next door to Farmer Mike’s.
Farmer Mike’s house h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad been a great place for the little mouse until the farmer married a wife who had a cat. Zigfried 5 when he thought of it. He looked around cautiously as he
6 into the room where grain was stored and was quite 7 as he filled his bag with wheat.
1. A. carefully B. excitedly C. hopefully D. proudly
2. A. shabby B. noisy C. messy D. empty
3. A. mouth B. nose C. stomach D. throat
4. A. bag B. stick C. bowl D. coat
5. A. leapt B. sniffe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d C. trembled D. withdrew
6. A. broke B. marched C. paced D. stole
7. A. curious B. nervous C. pitiful D. sensible
C
Diane Ray was completely self-centered and very spoilt. Her parents gave her everything she wanted, knowing that she would throw a temper tantrum (乱发脾气) if they did not. She would scream and kick and 1 on the floor drumming her heels. Her parents always gave in.
That was why sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e was alone on the 2 , wearing an expensive swimsuit. It has taken a massive tantrum to 3 her parents to buy it. They were back at the beach-house, 4 from the tantrum she had thrown when they told her that it was too dangerous to go diving 5 . “Dangerous ” she had said, “You just don’t want me to have 6 . I’m going and if you try to stop me, I’ll scream.”
“What are you doing ” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a voice asked. Diane jumped. She did not know that the man was there until he spoke .
“I’m going diving, ” she answered.
“You shouldn’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t swim that day, ” the man 7 . “There is a storm coming up.”
1. A. jump B. lie C. spin D. sleep
2. A. beach B. bed C. floor D. ship
3. A. allow B. warn C. get D. prefer
4. A. changing B. recovering C. appearing D. traveling
5. A. alone B. away C. again D. aside
6. A. time B. money C. food D. fun
7. A. decided B. intended C. advised D. repeated
D
To celebrate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the end of our exams, my friends and I went to a fast-food restaurant. We 1 hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter. When our 2 came, I started walking towards an empty table. By bad luck, my purse strap (带子) got 3 on a chair and the tray (托盘) that I was holding slipped from my hands and went flying in the air. The tray, and its contents, 4 on a man who was just about to take a bite of his sandwich. I stared, greatly 5 , as the drinks soaked (浸湿) his white shirt.
1. A. ordered B. made C. arranged D. demanded
2. A. food B. turn C. bill D. menu
3. A. fixed B. caught C. cut D. tied
4. A. knocked B. fell C. stood D. hung
5. A. discouraged B. disappointed C. shocked D. annoyed
Key: A: 1-4 DCAB B: 1-7 CDCACDB C: 1-7 BACBADC D: 1-5 AABBC
A
1-5 DBBAC 6-10 DAACB 11-15 ABDBD
一位富人请一位数学家帮他找出能获得最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )大利益的办法，而数学家却把他的全部财产分给了别人。正当富人生气时，邻居和朋友都来帮忙从而使他成为更加成功的商人。这使他认识到：朋友及邻居的帮助才是最好的保险箱。
1. D。根据本空后and jewels可推测，富人想在保险箱里装满黄金和珠宝。
2. B。根据后文内容可知，数学家苦思冥想了好几个月后最终找到了解决办法 (solution)。
3. B。根据本空后pay him do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uble his wages if…可知，富人承诺 (promise) 数学家：如果数学家帮他照顾生意 (business) 的话就付给数学家双倍的工资。
4. A。参见上题解析。
5. C。 通读本段可知，富人外出几个月后回来 (returned) 发现自己的财产 (possessions) 都不见了。
6. D。参见上题解析。
7. A。根据下文叙述可知，数学家的做法是正确的，可推测他当时的心里状态是很有底气的，故镇静地 (calmly) 告诉富人他的所为。
8. A。富人听了这位数学家的解释后简直不敢相信 (believe) 自己的耳朵，所以数学家就进一步地做出了解释。
9. C。数学家几个月来一直在分析：怎样才能做到到利益最大化；但他发现他能做的是很有限的 (limited)。
10. B。最终数学家发现关键 (key) 是很多人可以帮助“我们”来实现利益最大化的目标。
11. A。根据下文the rich man stormed off可推测：富人当时又失望 (disappointed) 又生气。
12. B。根据下文可知，富人伤心地闲逛时一些邻居向他跑来，表示很担心 (worried about) 他的状况。
13. D。这些跑来帮忙的邻居都曾受到过馈赠，因此无论富人走到哪儿，大家都很乐意去帮助 (help) 他。
14. B。从此之后富人再也不把钱财存在保险箱 (safe) 里了。首段a huge safe有明确提示。
15. D。相反，富人将自己的财富分享给身边的朋友们，把朋友们的心变成 (changed) 了最安全的保险箱。
B
1-5 BACDD 6-10 BCACA 11-15 DACBD
本文主要介绍了《国家地理》这本杂志对于大家了解外国文化的意义。
1. B。根据上文...excel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lent resource...The high-quality可推测，杂志中的内容是极好的(excellent) 阅读材料。
2. A。根据本文的描述主题——该杂志对文化(culture) 解读的意义可知答案为A。
3. C。根据后文can be s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ubject to different interpretations可推测，文化是一种很难理解的概念，包括不同的 (different) 要素和人们对文化不同的解读。
4. D。根据本空前一句中C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ulture is a difficult concept及后文如何帮助学生了解外国文化的提示可知，有时学生很难理解 (understand) 文化。
5. D。根据文章首段介绍可知《 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )国家地理》这本杂志有很多有价值的阅读材料，故可推测，该杂志上有很多关于外国文化的信息 (information)。另：倒数第三段最后一句中information也给出明确的答题依据。
6. B。根据前文可知，文化知识很难理解，是抽象的概念，而《国家地理》能让抽象的 (abstract) 文化知识变得有趣。
7. C。 根据本空后文explai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the meanings of these words ... the vocabulary...可推测，首先要教学生与某文化相关的词汇 (vocabulary)。
8. A。根据前文解释词汇的含义可推测，用自己文化的事例 (examples) 来解析难懂的外国文化。
9. C。根据后文choose a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )suitable article可推测，认真地 (seriously) 从《国家地理》中挑选介绍外国文化的文章。
10. A。根据第11空后Give ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the fact sheet to students可推测，需要制作 (Create) 一张简报，让学生填写。
11. D。根据上下文fact可推测，包括地址，语言等一些基本事实 (facts)。
12. A。根据后文missing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )information on the sheet可推测，此处是指让学生填写 (fill in) 缺失的信息。
13. C。根据本空后文描述可知， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )接下来需要让学生介绍 (introduce) 自己的文化；让学生分组讨论这一文化，并给学生一张空白的 (blank) 表格让他们填写。
14. B。参见上题解析。
15. D。从前文大家学习了解外国文化可推知，要用开放的 (open-minded) 态度对待外国文化，同时有利于重新审视本国文化。
C
1-5 DCBAC 6-10 BACBD 11-15 CABDC
所罗门曾说：“友人的抨击是忠诚，仇人的拥吻是欺骗。”因此，人生得一诤友，可谓天赐之最贵礼物。
1. D。由语境可知，文章的话题是友谊。此处指直言不讳地告诉 (telling) 好友不乐意听的话是需要勇气 (courage) 的。
2. C。参见上题解析。
3. B。根据第一段中所 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )引用的所罗门的话以及下文中a deepened friendship可推知，这句话说得是，你在乎朋友，甚至胜过友谊 (friendship) 本身。
4. A。根据首段中Fai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thful are the wounds of a friend ...提示可知，如果你想作别人的挚友(faithful friend)。
5. C。由下文There is a very fine line between (两者只有一线之差)…a deepened friendship可推知，此处指如何向好友传递自己的心意，决定友谊会破裂 (broken) 还是会加深。
6. B。根据下文no matt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er what he may decide可推测答案：只要对朋友表示关心就够了，不要对朋友的决定 (decision) 作主观评判，这样才不至于破坏友谊。
7. A。由上文可知，本文说的是如 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )何做忠实的朋友。此处要表达的是：无论朋友的决定是什么，你都要让他感受到，你始终 (always) 在他身旁。
8. C。作者认为，即使不附和朋友的决定，也一样可以做他强有力的后盾 (helpful)。
9. B。根据第4空及第10空后co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ncerns提示可推测，作者建议，和朋友开诚布公地谈你所担心的事 (concerns) 而非不断地评论，才是明智的做法。
10. D。“除非你问 (ask) 起来，否则我不会再劝告你。”
11. C。even if表让步意义，由此推测作者的假设：朋友没有选择 (chooses) 听取你的建议。
12. A。谁也不愿意听到 (hear) 别人说：“我早就告诉你……了。”
13. B。friendships ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )加了引号，说明这不是真正意义上的友情，是来得容易去得容易 (easily)的友情，就如在Facebook上选一个虚拟身份一样简单。
14. D。本句是感叹句，句意：拥有一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )位不怕绝交也要当面说实话的朋友，这确实是天赐之礼。根据上文可知，直言不讳有破坏友谊的危险，所以此处用risk。
15. C。如果有一位可以与你风雨同舟的诤友——哪怕这风雨是因你的愚蠢 (foolishly) 所致，那么你无疑是个有福气的人了。
完形填空解题奥秘（续）
下面我们将学习一种新的解题方法——利用文章大意准确答题。如：
Number sense is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. Surprisingly, experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice. However, if you remove two, the bird generally leaves. This means that the bird knows the difference between two and three.
Another interesting experiment showed a bird’s amazing number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow (乌鸦) that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not return until the man left the tower. The man had an idea. He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not fool the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was repeated with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were gone. It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were finally able to fool the crow.
How good is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a human’s number sense It’s not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a small group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are often fooled.
It seems that number ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human ability is not much better than a crow’s.
1. A. rise B. pattern C. change D. trend
(2013年广东省高考试题)
解析：C。由于上文没有明确提示此处是指数字增长、数字模式、数字变化或者是数字趋势，因此只能带着疑问去读下文。同时，整篇文章中也没有4个选项中的同根词或词语复现的情况，因此要大致了解文章大意才能准确答题。读到If a nest has four eggs and you remove one可知数字减少，因此可排除A项；读到He took another man with him to the tower…with three men and then with four men…It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left可知，数字又在增加，然后接着减少。综上所述，change最吻合这一文章主线。B项pattern意为“模式”，即作为标准的结构或样式，显然这些数字变化是没有标准的；而D项trend意为“趋势”，它用来表示数字要么持续增加，要么持续减少，显然文中数字变化是没有这一特点的，故B、D两项错误。
【即学即练】
Ⅰ
Several years ago a man moved to Toronto, after immigrating to Canada. He often took the 1 from his home to the downtown area in Toronto. Some weeks after he 2 , he had occasion to ride the same bus. When he sat down, he discovered that the driver had 3 given him twenty five cents more change. As he 4 what to do, he thought to himself, “You’d better give the twenty five cents back. It would be 5 to keep it.”
Then he thought, “Oh, 6 it. It is only twenty five cents. Who would worry about this little 7 Anyway, the bus company already gets too much 8 ; they will never notice it. Accept it as a gift and keep 9 .”
When his stop ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me, the man paused at the door. 10 , he brought out the twenty five cents and handed it back to the driver. And then he said, “Here, you gave me too much change.” The driver with a 11 replied, “Are not you the new man in this area of Toronto I just wanted to see what you would do if I gave you too much change.”
When the man ste ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pped off the bus, his knees became 12 . He had to move to the nearest tree and held for support, crying, “I 13 sold my dignity for twenty five cents!”
The moral of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the story: We may never see what impact our 14 will have on people. What we need to provide is an example for others to see. Be 15 every day, because you never know who is watching you.
1. A. bus B. train C. taxi D. plane
2. A. worked B. arrived C. returned D. tried
3. A. kindly B. happily C. secretly D. accidentally
4. A. offered B. answered C. considered D. knew
5. A. difficult B. interesting C. impossible D. wrong
6. A. forget B. spend C. save D. drop
7. A. time B. amount C. price D. problem
8. A. fare B. change C. information D. traffic
9. A. fit B. quiet C. polite D. modest
10. A. Importantly B. Sadly C. Luckily D. Suddenly
11. A. prize B. flower C. smile D. ticket
12. A. broken B. long C. short D. weak
13. A. always B. often C. almost D. seldom
14. A. actions B. suggestions C. habits D. words
15. A. patient B. honest C. content D. proud
本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第 小题。
Ⅱ
One fine day, a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) bus driver started his bus and drove off along the route. No 1 for the first few stops, a few people got on, a few got off and things went 2 well.
At the next stop, however, a big hulk (笨重的人) of a guy got on. Six feet eight, 3 like a wrestler (摔跤运动员), arms hanging down to the ground. He 4 at the driver and said, “Big John doesn’t pay!” and 5 at the back. The driver was five feet three, 6 and basically gentle. 7 , he did not argue with Big John, but he was not happy about it.
The next day th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e 8 thing happened — Big John got on again, said, “Big John doesn’t pay!” and sat down. This made the bus driver angry, who started losing 9 during the night over the way Big John was taking advantage of his size. 10 , he couldn’t stand it any longer. He signed up for 11 building program, Judo (柔道) and all that good stuff.
By the end of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) summer, he had become quite 12 . So on the next Monday, when Big John got on the bus and said, “Big John doesn’t pay!” the driver stood up, glared back and 13 , “And why not ” With a 14 look on his face, Big John replied, “Big John has a Bus pass (公交卡).”
The meaning of the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tory: First be sure and pay more attention to the 15 of problems before working hard to solve one.
1. A. choices B. problems C. passengers D. cars
2. A. strangely B. fortunately C. hardly D. generally
3. A. shouted B. dressed C. built D. performed
4. A. laughed B. shot C. knocked D. glared
5. A. sat B. waited C. watched D. fought
6. A. single B. thin C. sad D. careless
7. A. Naturally B. Confidently C. Luckily D. Probably
8. A. interesting B. same C. happy D. useless
9. A. sleep B. sense C. direction D. confidence
10. A. Curiously B. Suddenly C. Finally D. Quickly
11. A. character B. opportunity C. fame D. body
12. A. patient B. gentle C. strong D. genuine
13. A. explained B. screamed C. replied D. ordered
14. A. worried B. tired C. disappointed D. surprised
15. A. source B. difficulty C. appearance D. change
本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第 小题。
Ⅲ
An elderly coupl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e lived in a small cottage overlooking some rocky land. One early morning the woman saw from their window a young man dressed in working clothes 1 on the rocky land. He was carrying a spade (铁锹) and a small case, and he walked to the bush and was out of 2 .
The woman thought n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o more about it but around the same time the next day she 3 the man again, carrying his spade and the case, and again he disappeared behind the bush. The woman mentioned this to her husband, who said he was 4 a hunter setting traps. He added, “Maybe he is a 5 performing some farm work, it would be perfectly 6 , and there was no need to worry.” However, after several more sightings of the young man over the next two weeks, the woman persuaded her husband to take a walk — 7 , before the man would arrive — to the bush to find out what he was doing.
There they were 8 to find a long and deep trench (地沟), rough at one end, becoming much neater and 9 towards the other end. “How strange,” the old lady said. “Why dig a trench in such difficult 10 ground ” Just then the young man 11 , earlier than his usual time. The old woman asked curiously, “We 12 what you were doing and what was in the case.”
“I’m digging a trenc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h,” said the man. Seeing the curious expressions on the couple’s faces, he realized a furtherer 13 was appropriate, “The job I will apply for requires the necessary 14 . I’m actually learning how to dig a good trench. And the 15 — I have just got my lunch in it.”
Finally, the man got his desired job.
1. A. working B. walking C. hunting D. weeding
2. A. sight B. control C. balance D. touch
3. A. blamed B. served C. saw D. helped
4. A. occasionally B. fortunately C. absolutely D. probably
5. A. traveler B. thief C. farmer D. planter
6. A. normal B. useful C. safe D. easy
7. A. bravely B. early C. calmly D. faithfully
8. A. surprised B. ashamed C. amused D. frightened
9. A. shallower B. wider C. deeper D. tidier
10. A. soft B. muddy C. rocky D. solid
11. A. returned B. jumped C. left D. appeared
12. A. ignored B. believed C. wondered D. witnessed
13. A. explanation B. arrangement C. escape D. project
14. A. curiosity B. experience C. suggestion D. intelligence
15. A. bag B. spade C. basket D. case
本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第 小题。
参考答案及解析：
Ⅰ
人的一言一行都会对别人产生影响，千万不要为了蝇头小利而出卖自己的良心和尊严。
1. A。根据第2空后had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) occasion to ride the same bus可知，有时，这个人需要坐公交车 (bus) 到多伦多市区去。
2. B。根据首句moved to Toronto可知，他到达 (arrived) 多伦多几周后，又碰巧坐了同一辆公交车。
3. D。根据本空后more change可推测，他上车坐到座位后发现司机不小心 (accidentally) 多找了他25分币。
4. C。本空后就是他考虑 (considered) 的事：最好把这多余的钱还回去。
5. D。根据上句give...back可知：最好把钱退回去，留下这25分币是不对的 (wrong)。
6. A。 根据本空后o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nly以及little等词的描述可推测，作者在自我暗示：不必在意 (forget)这事了，毕竟只有25美分，不是大数目 (amount)。
7. B。参见第6题解析。
8. A。毕竟，公交公司已经赚了很多钱 (fare)，他们是不会注意到的。此处fare指票价带来的收入，而非零钱带来的收入，故B项错误。
9. B。根据本空前Accept it可知：就当是幸运之神送给自己的礼物吧! 别再声张了(keep quiet)。
10. D。根据本空前文paused可推测：到站后，他在车门那儿迟疑了。突然 (Suddenly)，他从兜里掏出了那25分币还给了司机。
11. C。根据本空后司机说的话推断：司 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )机早已知道此事，所以他笑了笑 (smile) 说，“你是刚来多伦多吧？我刚才就是想看看多找你零钱后你会有什么反应。”
12. D。根据下文held for support可推测：他下车后，腿一下子发软 (weak) 了。
13. C。下车后这个人觉得自己差点 (almost) 因为25分币把尊严也出卖了。
14. A。根据上文这个人的行为判断：我们也许从来不会理解自己的行为 (actions) 会对别人产生什么影响。
15. B。通读本文可知，文章主旨意在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )说明诚信这一主题：每个人都需要做出表率，都应诚实 (honest) 守信，因为你不会知道有谁正在关注着你。
本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第15小题。
Ⅱ
一位瘦弱的司机经常遇到一个身强力壮的大汉坐车不买票，但司机的解决办法却得不偿失！
1. B。根据第一段的场景描述可推测， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在开始的几站一切像往常 (generally) 一样都很正常，上上下下了几批乘客，没有遇到任何问题 (problems)。
2. D。参见第1题解析。
3. C。根据本空前a big ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hulk以及Six feet eight可推测：在这一站上来了一个大块头，他长得 (built) 非常高大，就像一个摔跤手，双臂很长，几乎可以垂到地上。
4. D。根据本空后文叙述 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可知，这个大汉恶狠狠地盯着 (glared at) 司机说：“我不用买票”。然后，他坐 (sat) 到了后排座位上。
5. A。参见第4题解析。根据常识也可推测出本空答案。
6. B。与上文大汉的形象构成鲜明 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对比：司机身材矮小，很瘦弱 (thin)，脾气很温和。另：本空与basically gentle属并列关系。
7. A。根据本文对两人的形象描述对比可推测：自然而然地 (Naturally)，司机并没有与大汉发生争执。
8. B。根据本空后的叙述可知，第二天，又发生了同样的 (same) 事情。
9. A。根据本空后during the night可推测，司机一想到大汉仰仗自己身体强壮耍无赖就无法入睡 (losing sleep)。
10. C。根据本空前后文叙事可推测，最终 (Finally)，这个司机再也无法忍受了。
11. D。根据本空后Judo可推测，司机想像那个大汉一样强壮，所以报名参加了柔道等能强身健体 (body building) 的项目。
12. C。根据后文故事的发展可推测，经过很长时间的锻炼后，到了夏末，他终于变得非常强壮 (strong)。
13. B。与本空前的gla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red back构成并列：当那个大汉再一次不买票时，司机猛地站起来，怒目而视，然后厉声责问 (screamed) 大汉：“为什么不买票？”
14. D。一向软弱的司机突然强硬起来，让大汉感到很吃惊 (surprised)。
15. A。本空后就是这个故事的寓意：在尽力解决一个问题之前，一定要弄清楚这个问题产生的根源 (source) 是什么，做到“有的放矢”。
本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第15小题。
Ⅲ
做任何工作我们都要有经验，丰富的经验能帮助我们找到合适的工作。
1. B。由第2空前walked to可知：她看到一个年轻人穿着工作服，在远处的石头路上走着（walking）。
2. A。根据下段第一句中的again ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) he disappeared可知：他扛着铁锹，提着一个小盒，走到一片灌木丛那儿就不见了（sight）。
3. C。根据上一段saw及下文the man again可知：第二天那个时间，她又见到了那个男子。
4. D。从下文Maybe可知：大概（probably）是猎人在设置捕猎陷阱或者是农夫（farmer）在干活。
5. C。参考第4题解析。另：本空后farm work有提示。
6. A。与本空后no need to worry构成对应：这些都太正常了（normal），没有必要挂在心上。
7. B。由本空后before…to fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd out可知：他认为没有必要操心这事，所以老太太就劝他去看看，早点去（early），赶到年轻人到来之前（不要让他发现）。
8. A。根据下文中的How strange可知：看到布满石头的地上竟然被挖出了一条长长的深沟，他们非常吃惊（surprised）。
9. D。根据本空前ro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ugh和neater可知：深沟一开始的这头很不规范，而越往另一头就越整齐（tidier）。这也说明年轻人挖地沟，越挖越有经验。
10. C。根据第一段some rocky land可知：这位老人说道：为什么他要在如此坚硬布满石头的地上挖沟呢？
11. D。根据上下文语境可知：这时这个年轻人出现了（appeared），比以往要早。
12. C。从本空前curiously可知：这对夫妇想知道（wondered）这个年轻人在做什么还有他的盒子里装了什么。
13. A。本空后他说的话就是他做出的进一步解释（explanation）。
14. B。通读全文可知，这个年轻人的行为举 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )止都是为了学习如何挖沟，因而可推知他要应聘的那个工作要求必须有相关的经验（experience）。
15. D。上文case有提示：至于那个小盒子（case），是“我”用来装午饭用的。
本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第14小题。
一、关注短文的语义场
Ⅰ. 同一语义场的话题具有一致性。一般来 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )说，在同一语义场内 (通常是文章的一个小段落) 其中心话题不会改变，可以利用段落的中心话题来确定试题的答案。如：
(1) I used to be a ve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people before I think about myself. I am happy that I am becoming a 37 person. (改编自2013年山东省高考试题)
37. A. famous B. simple C. different D. skilled
解析：C。本段的中心话题是作者自身情况的转 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )变——由一个以自我为中心的人，转变成为一个愿意为他人考虑的人。根据这个语义场可推测，作者开始在考虑自己之前先考虑他人。由于自己在思想方面的变化，作者变成一个 “不同的人”，故37题答案为C。
(2) Leaping o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n a narrow balance beam (平衡木) is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnast, is an expert at it.
To perfect her skil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ls, Lola 36 for four hours a day, five days a week.
(改编自2013年北京高考试题)
36. A. runs B. teaches C. trains D. dances
解析：C。本段的中心话题是练习平衡木。与语义场相关的词汇train (训练) 就从所有的选项当中突显出来了，故本题答案为C。
(3) She was very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )disappointed when she found that all the windows were 51 and rather dirty. (改编自2013年辽宁省高考试题)
51. A. transparent B. bright C. plain D. wide
解析：C。本空后由并列连词and连 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )接，它所连接的两个词应具有相似性，即语义场必须一致。dirty这个形容词是贬义词，其前面的选项也必须是对等语义，故答案为C。plain在这里意为 “普通的”。
Ⅱ. 有些情况下，同一语义场中的一些概念之间 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )具有种属关系或上下级关系。如food这个种概念之下包括rice, noodle, soup, cake, biscuit, porridge等属概念。school这一范围之内可包括teacher, student, dormitory, teaching building, staff, library, lab等属概念，因此可用语义场的这一特点来确定试题答案。如：
(1) It is easy to overlook the role that your body plays in influencing your mood (情绪). When you are 49 , you may find yourself blaming work pressures or an unknown future. However, it could just be that you’ve been sitting behind your desk too long. (改编自2013年重庆高考试题)
49. A. ill B. poor C. unhappy D. unsuccessful
解析：C。本空前名词mood是一个种概念。在所给的四个选项中，从属于“情绪”这个种概念的属概念只有unhappy一项，故答案为C。
(2) When she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was little, her mom noticed that even though she couldn’t see well, she was fearless. So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three. She loved the
41 right away and gymnastics became her favorite. (改编自2013年北京高考试题)
41. A. task B. sport C. event D. show
解析：B。sport是一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个种概念。本空前后都出现了与这个种概念相关的属概念词 gymnastics (体操运动)。根据种属概念的关联性，可确定本题答案为B。
Ⅲ. 关注反义语义场及两极语义场的对立 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )关系。有些情况下相邻的两个或数个句子之间的逻辑是完全相反的或相对的。如：战争(war)与和平(peace)、建设(construction)和destruction (破坏)、贫穷 (poor) 与富裕 (rich)。在对立关系中，表示对立的词汇一般成对出现。如：
(1) A man was tryin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g to take a photo of a crow (乌鸦) that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. (改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
7. A. relax B. recover C. react D. return
解析：D。本空前一句中的关键词left和选项D(return)互为反义词。根据语义场的对立或相对关系可知答案为D。
(2) The crow stay ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was repeated with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 . (改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
11. A. confused B. gone C. tired D. drunk
解析：B。本空前关键词return同选项中的gone互为反义词。根据语义场的对立关系可知答案为B。
Ⅳ. 关注语义场的分析和总合关系。在同一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语义场中，常常会对某个概念或某件事情进行解释或详细的说明，这是一种分析关系；而对前面的内容进行概括和总结，则是一种总合关系。考生可依据后面的解释或概括确定答案。如：
(1) Number sense i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. Surprisingly，experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice. However, if you remove two, the bird generally leaves. This means that the bird knows the difference between two and three. (改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
1. A. rise B. pattern C. change D. trend
解析：C。根据本空后For examp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le所列举的例子可知，这些例子都在说明数量上的变化，即后面的内容解释说明了change in number, 故答案为C。
(2) The man had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an 8 . He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not fool the bird. (改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
8. A. appointment B. excuse C. idea D. explanation
解析：C。根据本空后叙述的内容可知，所有的这些做法是这个人所想到的一个将乌鸦弄糊涂的办法，故答案为C。
(3) Number sense is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a change in number. Human beings are born with this ability. Surprisingly，experiments show that many animals are, too.
...
It seems that number ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human 15 is not much better than a crow’s.
15. A. sight B. nature C. ability D. belief
(改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
解析：C。根据上下文可知，此处是对前面内容的总结，故答案为C。
【即学即练】
A
1. Some people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) insist that stealing is always wrong, but others think that one does not need to feel so guilty when stealing some food to eat, if he/she lives in a really poor area and he/she is .
A. begging B. starving C. growing D. wandering
2. Rules can help t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he public make right choices. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations to avoid crashes. Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent .
A. accidents B. mistakes C. falls D. deaths
3. Some people choo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se not to eat meat because they believe that it is to eat animals, but others argue that they can eat meat and still be kind to animals.
A. awful B. unnecessary C. unhealthy D. cruel
4. I observed a numb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er of intelligent children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying heavily on their teachers’ directions.
A. separate B. new C. regular D. boring
5. While many parts of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Canada have ensured that new drivers must be accompanied with a more driver in the vehicle, it’s important for parents to share safety tips with their inexperienced teenagers.
A. complicated ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. experienced C. pleased D. inspired
B
When I was just 20 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )months old, I suffered serious 1 after a bowl full hot oil fell on my head. I was 2 to hospital and had to stay there for weeks while the doctors 3 to save my life. “Holly’s very 4 to be alive,” they told Mum and Dad. “But she’ll be 5 with scars on her head, and of course her hair won’t grow there.”
1. A. hunger B. cold C. defeats D. burns
2. A. rushed B. led C. invited D. forced
3. A. learned B. fought C. returned D. decided
4. A. happy B. lucky C. lonely D. poor
5. A. pressed B. occupied C. left D. painted
C
Lola doesn’t want to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be 1 differently from the other girls on her team. At the competitions, the judges don’t know about her vision 2 . She doesn’t tell them, because she doesn’t think they need to know. Her mom is amazed by her 3 attitude.
...
Lola never thinks ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) about 4 . She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her 5 is to reach level 9. She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she’s learned to other kids when she grew up.
1. A. greeted B. treated C. served D. paid
2. A. pains B. stresses C. injuries D. problems
3. A. positive B. friendly C. flexible D. cautious
4. A. defending B. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) quitting C. winning D. bargaining
5. A. standard B. range C. goal D. view
Key: A: 1-5 BADCB B: 1-5 DABBC C: 1-5 BDABC
二、相关及相同词语复现
在完形填空试题中，一些空格前后会出现与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )正确答案联系紧密的信息词 (短语)。这种联系通常有以下几种形式：信息词与正确答案属于同根词；信息词与正确答案是同一个词；信息词与正确答案是同义词或近义词。
Ⅰ. 空格前后的同根词
信息词与正确答案是同根词时， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这两个同根词会在短文中先后出现，陈述相同或相反意思的观点或话题。注意同根词复现时所提供的信息，并据此确定试题答案。如：
(1) It has be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The 1 is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by learning situations that are designed for the average children.
1. A. principle B. th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eory C. argument D. classification
(改编自2011年广东省高考试题)
解析：C。本空前一句中出现了一个关键的信息词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )argued。动词argue同本小题选项argument是一对同根词。根据上文语境可知句意：这种观点是建立在一个……观念的基础之上的。
(2) Every country has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )its own culture. Even though each country uses doors, doors may have practical functions and purposes which lead to 22 differences.
22. A. national B. embarrassing C. cultural D. amazing
(改编自2010年广东省高考试题)
解析：C。首句句意：门在不同 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的国家形成了自己的文化特点。据此推断，门文化在不同的国家之间有差异。文章第一句中的culture就是信息词，因此可运用同根词重现的方式找到正确答案。
Ⅱ. 空格前后的同复现词
有时，信息词与正确答案是同一个词。这两个词会在短文中先后出现 (可能相隔较远)，在文章的不同处陈述相同的观点或话题。如：
(1) The little g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irl knew exactly where she was heading! Down the hill and across the valley, she rode to the 47 of the golden house.
As she got off her bi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke and put it against the gate post, she focused on the path leading to the house and then on the house itself.
(改编自2013年辽宁省高考试题)
47. A. windows B. steps C. center D. gate
解析：D。本题可根据下文中的词语复现规则解题。根据she got off her bike and put it against the gate post可知，小姑娘骑车到了金房子门口，故答案为D。
(2) Number sense is not the ability to count…
It seems that numbe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human 15 is not much better than a crow’s.
15. A. sight B. nature C. ability D. belief
(改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
解析：C。这里的ability与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )首段的ability形成同词复现关系。本段为结论段，句义为：数字感似乎是我们与世界上许多动物都具备的能力，而且人类的这种能力并不比乌鸦强。
(3) Some top studen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts do feel bored in class, but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school.
14. A. believe B. think C. say D. feel
(改编自2011年广东省高考试题)
解析：D。本空前面的信息词feel与选项D是同一词。
Ⅲ. 空格前后的同义词或近义词
有时，信息词与选项词是一对同义词或近义词。这两个词会在短文中先后出现(可能相隔较远)，在文章的不同处陈述相同的观点或话题。如：
(1) Number sense ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a change in number. Human beings are born with this ability. Surprisingly，experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 3 . However, if you remove two, the bird generally leaves. This means that the bird knows the difference between two and three. (改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
3. A. survive B. care C. hatch D. notice
解析：D。通读本段可知，本空前后的信 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )息词分别为第二句中的recognize和最后一句中的knows，由此可推测本题答案为notice, 为两个信息词的近义词。
【即学即练】根据斜体单词的暗示，选择正确答案。
1. “Look, it’s Bald ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y!” A boy shouted in my direction across the playground. Even though I was used to regular insults because of the on my head, it was seldom horrible to hear. I sighed as I was headed back to the class.
A. hat B. scars C. scarf D. cuts
2. The achie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your . That is why exercise has been shown to build up your self-respect.
A. ability B. relationship C. confidence D. business
3. When he woke i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the morning, he learned that a band of robbers had robbed the village, killing most of the and burning up most of the houses.
A. thieves ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. animals C. soldiers D. villagers
4. Mother used to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) educate us to be confident about ourselves in any situation. Thanks to my strong , I became successful in my later life.
A. confidence ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. personalities C. qualification D. possessions
Key: 1-4 BCDA
三、逻辑推断
在完形填空的解题过程中，可根据上下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案。逻辑关系包括因果关系、比较关系、并列关系、递进关系、时空顺序关系等。从近几年的广东高考完形填空来看，大多是利用因果关系来推断正确答案的。如：
(1) By the en ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d of my first semester, I was really 41 . It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun. (改编自2013年山东省高考试题)
41. A. careful B. lonely C. curious D. guilty
解析：B。本题可依据对比关系和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )因果关系进行推测。本例通过 “我”与同学们作对比：由于同学们有许多朋友，所以玩得非常愉快；而 “我” 却没有朋友，所以非常 “孤独”；故答案为B。
(2) It was not until f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ive men went into the tower and only four left that they were 12 able to fool the crow. (改编自2013年广东省高考试题)
12. A. gradually ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. luckily C. strangely D. finally
解析：D。本题可依据时空顺序确定答案。根据上文内容可知，在进行前面多次的试验之后，他们终于将乌鸦弄糊涂了。
(3) If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration, it will be easy for them to form what is sometimes called a “black and white” view. For example, they may believe that people should always tell the truth, and that lying is 6 acceptable. Such people always stick to their views, even if it means that they may get into 7 . (改编自2012年广东省高考试题)
6. A. seldo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m B. rarely C. merely D. never
7. A. troub ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le B. power C. prison D. control
解析：DA。这两个题可依据上下文的递 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )进关系和让步关系来确定答案。从上文可知，第6空是对 black and white 观点形成的引申——他们始终认为人们应该讲真话，说谎是决不可以被接受的，故D项正确。even if引导让步状语从句，“即使可能陷入困境，这些人也始终坚持他们的观点。”
(4) In the special ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying heavily on their teachers’ directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.
(改编自2011年广东省高考试题)
9. A. directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly
解析：C。本题可根据因果关系进行解答。“因为不用担心跟不上，所以聪明的学生会自主地考虑许多问题。”
四、背景常识
将文章与我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识、科普常识等结合起来进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。该技巧与 “逻辑推断” 常常交织在一起。例如：
(1) We have been dri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ving in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now. The little seaside villages are 36 , one by one. “There is my grandmother’s house,” I say, pointing across the bay to a shabby old house. (改编自2013年福建省高考试题)
36. A. appearing B. moving C. exposing D. expanding
解析：A。根据生活常识可推测，当浓雾散去的时候，原来浓雾所掩盖的东西就会慢慢地显露出来，故答案为A。
(2) In South Korea, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning, I hurried to the bus, and when the bus doors opened, I 29 tried to get on the school bus through the front door. (改编自2010年广东省高考试题)
29. A. politely B. patiently C. unconsciously D. slowly
解析：C。本题可根据文化背景知识来解答。作者 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是初来美国的韩国人，而根据上文介绍可知，在韩国，人们不必等别人下了车再上车。由此可推测，作者看到校车前门打开后，就无意识地上车了。
(3) …the Nobel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great 29 to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences. (改编自2009年广东省高考试题)
29. A. additions ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributions
解析：D。根据常识可知，诺贝尔奖应当是颁发给那些为世界和平、文学、科学事业作出巨大贡献的人，故答案为D。
【跟踪训练】
A
I am in Nova S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cotia on a pilgrimage (朝圣) with Lise, my granddaughter, seeking roots for her, retracing (追溯) 1 memory for me. Lise was one of the mobile children, 2 from house to house in childhood. She longs for a sense of 3 , and so we have come to Nova Scotia where my husband and I were born and where our ancestors 4 for 200 years.
1. A. shared B. short C. fresh D. treasured
2. A. passed B. raised C. moved D. sent
3. A. home B. duty C. reality D. relief
4. A. built B. lived C. remained D. explored
B
Zigfried, a little mou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se, blew his breath on the frosty (多霜的) window of the farmhouse and rubbed it to see the outside. Still nobody came. Maybe today, he thought 1 . It was only a few days before Christmas and he was watching for a miracle (奇迹).
This farmhouse had been 2 too long. It needed a family. Zigfried’s 3 made a noise. He realized that he hadn’t eaten anything since yesterday. He jumped from the windowsill (窗沿), grabbed a 4 from his home, and went next door to Farmer Mike’s.
Farmer Mike’s house h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad been a great place for the little mouse until the farmer married a wife who had a cat. Zigfried 5 when he thought of it. He looked around cautiously as he
6 into the room where grain was stored and was quite 7 as he filled his bag with wheat.
1. A. carefully B. excitedly C. hopefully D. proudly
2. A. shabby B. noisy C. messy D. empty
3. A. mouth B. nose C. stomach D. throat
4. A. bag B. stick C. bowl D. coat
5. A. leapt B. sniffe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d C. trembled D. withdrew
6. A. broke B. marched C. paced D. stole
7. A. curious B. nervous C. pitiful D. sensible
C
Diane Ray was completely self-centered and very spoilt. Her parents gave her everything she wanted, knowing that she would throw a temper tantrum (乱发脾气) if they did not. She would scream and kick and 1 on the floor drumming her heels. Her parents always gave in.
That was why sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e was alone on the 2 , wearing an expensive swimsuit. It has taken a massive tantrum to 3 her parents to buy it. They were back at the beach-house, 4 from the tantrum she had thrown when they told her that it was too dangerous to go diving 5 . “Dangerous ” she had said, “You just don’t want me to have 6 . I’m going and if you try to stop me, I’ll scream.”
“What are you doing ” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a voice asked. Diane jumped. She did not know that the man was there until he spoke .
“I’m going diving, ” she answered.
“You shouldn’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t swim that day, ” the man 7 . “There is a storm coming up.”
1. A. jump B. lie C. spin D. sleep
2. A. beach B. bed C. floor D. ship
3. A. allow B. warn C. get D. prefer
4. A. changing B. recovering C. appearing D. traveling
5. A. alone B. away C. again D. aside
6. A. time B. money C. food D. fun
7. A. decided B. intended C. advised D. repeated
D
To celebrate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the end of our exams, my friends and I went to a fast-food restaurant. We 1 hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter. When our 2 came, I started walking towards an empty table. By bad luck, my purse strap (带子) got 3 on a chair and the tray (托盘) that I was holding slipped from my hands and went flying in the air. The tray, and its contents, 4 on a man who was just about to take a bite of his sandwich. I stared, greatly 5 , as the drinks soaked (浸湿) his white shirt.
1. A. ordered B. made C. arranged D. demanded
2. A. food B. turn C. bill D. menu
3. A. fixed B. caught C. cut D. tied
4. A. knocked B. fell C. stood D. hung
5. A. discouraged B. disappointed C. shocked D. annoyed
Key: A: 1-4 DCAB B: 1-7 CDCACDB C: 1-7 BACBADC D: 1-5 AABBC
A
1-5 DBBAC 6-10 DAACB 11-15 ABDBD
一位富人请一位数学家帮他找出能获得最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )大利益的办法，而数学家却把他的全部财产分给了别人。正当富人生气时，邻居和朋友都来帮忙从而使他成为更加成功的商人。这使他认识到：朋友及邻居的帮助才是最好的保险箱。
1. D。根据本空后and jewels可推测，富人想在保险箱里装满黄金和珠宝。
2. B。根据后文内容可知，数学家苦思冥想了好几个月后最终找到了解决办法 (solution)。
3. B。根据本空后pay him do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uble his wages if…可知，富人承诺 (promise) 数学家：如果数学家帮他照顾生意 (business) 的话就付给数学家双倍的工资。
4. A。参见上题解析。
5. C。 通读本段可知，富人外出几个月后回来 (returned) 发现自己的财产 (possessions) 都不见了。
6. D。参见上题解析。
7. A。根据下文叙述可知，数学家的做法是正确的，可推测他当时的心里状态是很有底气的，故镇静地 (calmly) 告诉富人他的所为。
8. A。富人听了这位数学家的解释后简直不敢相信 (believe) 自己的耳朵，所以数学家就进一步地做出了解释。
9. C。数学家几个月来一直在分析：怎样才能做到到利益最大化；但他发现他能做的是很有限的 (limited)。
10. B。最终数学家发现关键 (key) 是很多人可以帮助“我们”来实现利益最大化的目标。
11. A。根据下文the rich man stormed off可推测：富人当时又失望 (disappointed) 又生气。
12. B。根据下文可知，富人伤心地闲逛时一些邻居向他跑来，表示很担心 (worried about) 他的状况。
13. D。这些跑来帮忙的邻居都曾受到过馈赠，因此无论富人走到哪儿，大家都很乐意去帮助 (help) 他。
14. B。从此之后富人再也不把钱财存在保险箱 (safe) 里了。首段a huge safe有明确提示。
15. D。相反，富人将自己的财富分享给身边的朋友们，把朋友们的心变成 (changed) 了最安全的保险箱。
B
1-5 BACDD 6-10 BCACA 11-15 DACBD
本文主要介绍了《国家地理》这本杂志对于大家了解外国文化的意义。
1. B。根据上文...excel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lent resource...The high-quality可推测，杂志中的内容是极好的(excellent) 阅读材料。
2. A。根据本文的描述主题——该杂志对文化(culture) 解读的意义可知答案为A。
3. C。根据后文can be s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ubject to different interpretations可推测，文化是一种很难理解的概念，包括不同的 (different) 要素和人们对文化不同的解读。
4. D。根据本空前一句中C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ulture is a difficult concept及后文如何帮助学生了解外国文化的提示可知，有时学生很难理解 (understand) 文化。
5. D。根据文章首段介绍可知《 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )国家地理》这本杂志有很多有价值的阅读材料，故可推测，该杂志上有很多关于外国文化的信息 (information)。另：倒数第三段最后一句中information也给出明确的答题依据。
6. B。根据前文可知，文化知识很难理解，是抽象的概念，而《国家地理》能让抽象的 (abstract) 文化知识变得有趣。
7. C。 根据本空后文explai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the meanings of these words ... the vocabulary...可推测，首先要教学生与某文化相关的词汇 (vocabulary)。
8. A。根据前文解释词汇的含义可推测，用自己文化的事例 (examples) 来解析难懂的外国文化。
9. C。根据后文choose a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )suitable article可推测，认真地 (seriously) 从《国家地理》中挑选介绍外国文化的文章。
10. A。根据第11空后Give ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the fact sheet to students可推测，需要制作 (Create) 一张简报，让学生填写。
11. D。根据上下文fact可推测，包括地址，语言等一些基本事实 (facts)。
12. A。根据后文missing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )information on the sheet可推测，此处是指让学生填写 (fill in) 缺失的信息。
13. C。根据本空后文描述可知， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )接下来需要让学生介绍 (introduce) 自己的文化；让学生分组讨论这一文化，并给学生一张空白的 (blank) 表格让他们填写。
14. B。参见上题解析。
15. D。从前文大家学习了解外国文化可推知，要用开放的 (open-minded) 态度对待外国文化，同时有利于重新审视本国文化。
C
1-5 DCBAC 6-10 BACBD 11-15 CABDC
所罗门曾说：“友人的抨击是忠诚，仇人的拥吻是欺骗。”因此，人生得一诤友，可谓天赐之最贵礼物。
1. D。由语境可知，文章的话题是友谊。此处指直言不讳地告诉 (telling) 好友不乐意听的话是需要勇气 (courage) 的。
2. C。参见上题解析。
3. B。根据第一段中所 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )引用的所罗门的话以及下文中a deepened friendship可推知，这句话说得是，你在乎朋友，甚至胜过友谊 (friendship) 本身。
4. A。根据首段中Fai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thful are the wounds of a friend ...提示可知，如果你想作别人的挚友(faithful friend)。
5. C。由下文There is a very fine line between (两者只有一线之差)…a deepened friendship可推知，此处指如何向好友传递自己的心意，决定友谊会破裂 (broken) 还是会加深。
6. B。根据下文no matt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er what he may decide可推测答案：只要对朋友表示关心就够了，不要对朋友的决定 (decision) 作主观评判，这样才不至于破坏友谊。
7. A。由上文可知，本文说的是如 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )何做忠实的朋友。此处要表达的是：无论朋友的决定是什么，你都要让他感受到，你始终 (always) 在他身旁。
8. C。作者认为，即使不附和朋友的决定，也一样可以做他强有力的后盾 (helpful)。
9. B。根据第4空及第10空后co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ncerns提示可推测，作者建议，和朋友开诚布公地谈你所担心的事 (concerns) 而非不断地评论，才是明智的做法。
10. D。“除非你问 (ask) 起来，否则我不会再劝告你。”
11. C。even if表让步意义，由此推测作者的假设：朋友没有选择 (chooses) 听取你的建议。
12. A。谁也不愿意听到 (hear) 别人说：“我早就告诉你……了。”
13. B。friendships ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )加了引号，说明这不是真正意义上的友情，是来得容易去得容易 (easily)的友情，就如在Facebook上选一个虚拟身份一样简单。
14. D。本句是感叹句，句意：拥有一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )位不怕绝交也要当面说实话的朋友，这确实是天赐之礼。根据上文可知，直言不讳有破坏友谊的危险，所以此处用risk。
15. C。如果有一位可以与你风雨同舟的诤友——哪怕这风雨是因你的愚蠢 (foolishly) 所致，那么你无疑是个有福气的人了。
完形填空解题奥秘（续）
下面我们将学习一种新的解题方法——利用文章大意准确答题。如：
Number sense is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. Surprisingly, experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice. However, if you remove two, the bird generally leaves. This means that the bird knows the difference between two and three.
Another interesting experiment showed a bird’s amazing number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow (乌鸦) that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not return until the man left the tower. The man had an idea. He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not fool the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was repeated with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were gone. It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were finally able to fool the crow.
How good is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a human’s number sense It’s not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a small group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are often fooled.
It seems that number ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human ability is not much better than a crow’s.
1. A. rise B. pattern C. change D. trend
(2013年广东省高考试题)
解析：C。由于上文没有明确提示此处是指数字增长、数字模式、数字变化或者是数字趋势，因此只能带着疑问去读下文。同时，整篇文章中也没有4个选项中的同根词或词语复现的情况，因此要大致了解文章大意才能准确答题。读到If a nest has four eggs and you remove one可知数字减少，因此可排除A项；读到He took another man with him to the tower…with three men and then with four men…It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left可知，数字又在增加，然后接着减少。综上所述，change最吻合这一文章主线。B项pattern意为“模式”，即作为标准的结构或样式，显然这些数字变化是没有标准的；而D项trend意为“趋势”，它用来表示数字要么持续增加，要么持续减少，显然文中数字变化是没有这一特点的，故B、D两项错误。
【即学即练】
Ⅰ
Several years ago a man moved to Toronto, after immigrating to Canada. He often took the 1 from his home to the downtown area in Toronto. Some weeks after he 2 , he had occasion to ride the same bus. When he sat down, he discovered that the driver had 3 given him twenty five cents more change. As he 4 what to do, he thought to himself, “You’d better give the twenty five cents back. It would be 5 to keep it.”
Then he thought, “Oh, 6 it. It is only twenty five cents. Who would worry about this little 7 Anyway, the bus company already gets too much 8 ; they will never notice it. Accept it as a gift and keep 9 .”
When his stop ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me, the man paused at the door. 10 , he brought out the twenty five cents and handed it back to the driver. And then he said, “Here, you gave me too much change.” The driver with a 11 replied, “Are not you the new man in this area of Toronto I just wanted to see what you would do if I gave you too much change.”
When the man ste ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pped off the bus, his knees became 12 . He had to move to the nearest tree and held for support, crying, “I 13 sold my dignity for twenty five cents!”
The moral of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the story: We may never see what impact our 14 will have on people. What we need to provide is an example for others to see. Be 15 every day, because you never know who is watching you.
1. A. bus B. train C. taxi D. plane
2. A. worked B. arrived C. returned D. tried
3. A. kindly B. happily C. secretly D. accidentally
4. A. offered B. answered C. considered D. knew
5. A. difficult B. interesting C. impossible D. wrong
6. A. forget B. spend C. save D. drop
7. A. time B. amount C. price D. problem
8. A. fare B. change C. information D. traffic
9. A. fit B. quiet C. polite D. modest
10. A. Importantly B. Sadly C. Luckily D. Suddenly
11. A. prize B. flower C. smile D. ticket
12. A. broken B. long C. short D. weak
13. A. always B. often C. almost D. seldom
14. A. actions B. suggestions C. habits D. words
15. A. patient B. honest C. content D. proud
本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第 小题。
Ⅱ
One fine day, a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) bus driver started his bus and drove off along the route. No 1 for the first few stops, a few people got on, a few got off and things went 2 well.
At the next stop, however, a big hulk (笨重的人) of a guy got on. Six feet eight, 3 like a wrestler (摔跤运动员), arms hanging down to the ground. He 4 at the driver and said, “Big John doesn’t pay!” and 5 at the back. The driver was five feet three, 6 and basically gentle. 7 , he did not argue with Big John, but he was not happy about it.
The next day th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e 8 thing happened — Big John got on again, said, “Big John doesn’t pay!” and sat down. This made the bus driver angry, who started losing 9 during the night over the way Big John was taking advantage of his size. 10 , he couldn’t stand it any longer. He signed up for 11 building program, Judo (柔道) and all that good stuff.
By the end of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) summer, he had become quite 12 . So on the next Monday, when Big John got on the bus and said, “Big John doesn’t pay!” the driver stood up, glared back and 13 , “And why not ” With a 14 look on his face, Big John replied, “Big John has a Bus pass (公交卡).”
The meaning of the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tory: First be sure and pay more attention to the 15 of problems before working hard to solve one.
1. A. choices B. problems C. passengers D. cars
2. A. strangely B. fortunately C. hardly D. generally
3. A. shouted B. dressed C. built D. performed
4. A. laughed B. shot C. knocked D. glared
5. A. sat B. waited C. watched D. fought
6. A. single B. thin C. sad D. careless
7. A. Naturally B. Confidently C. Luckily D. Probably
8. A. interesting B. same C. happy D. useless
9. A. sleep B. sense C. direction D. confidence
10. A. Curiously B. Suddenly C. Finally D. Quickly
11. A. character B. opportunity C. fame D. body
12. A. patient B. gentle C. strong D. genuine
13. A. explained B. screamed C. replied D. ordered
14. A. worried B. tired C. disappointed D. surprised
15. A. source B. difficulty C. appearance D. change
本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第 小题。
Ⅲ
An elderly coupl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e lived in a small cottage overlooking some rocky land. One early morning the woman saw from their window a young man dressed in working clothes 1 on the rocky land. He was carrying a spade (铁锹) and a small case, and he walked to the bush and was out of 2 .
The woman thought n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o more about it but around the same time the next day she 3 the man again, carrying his spade and the case, and again he disappeared behind the bush. The woman mentioned this to her husband, who said he was 4 a hunter setting traps. He added, “Maybe he is a 5 performing some farm work, it would be perfectly 6 , and there was no need to worry.” However, after several more sightings of the young man over the next two weeks, the woman persuaded her husband to take a walk — 7 , before the man would arrive — to the bush to find out what he was doing.
There they were 8 to find a long and deep trench (地沟), rough at one end, becoming much neater and 9 towards the other end. “How strange,” the old lady said. “Why dig a trench in such difficult 10 ground ” Just then the young man 11 , earlier than his usual time. The old woman asked curiously, “We 12 what you were doing and what was in the case.”
“I’m digging a trenc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h,” said the man. Seeing the curious expressions on the couple’s faces, he realized a furtherer 13 was appropriate, “The job I will apply for requires the necessary 14 . I’m actually learning how to dig a good trench. And the 15 — I have just got my lunch in it.”
Finally, the man got his desired job.
1. A. working B. walking C. hunting D. weeding
2. A. sight B. control C. balance D. touch
3. A. blamed B. served C. saw D. helped
4. A. occasionally B. fortunately C. absolutely D. probably
5. A. traveler B. thief C. farmer D. planter
6. A. normal B. useful C. safe D. easy
7. A. bravely B. early C. calmly D. faithfully
8. A. surprised B. ashamed C. amused D. frightened
9. A. shallower B. wider C. deeper D. tidier
10. A. soft B. muddy C. rocky D. solid
11. A. returned B. jumped C. left D. appeared
12. A. ignored B. believed C. wondered D. witnessed
13. A. explanation B. arrangement C. escape D. project
14. A. curiosity B. experience C. suggestion D. intelligence
15. A. bag B. spade C. basket D. case
本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第 小题。
参考答案及解析：
Ⅰ
人的一言一行都会对别人产生影响，千万不要为了蝇头小利而出卖自己的良心和尊严。
1. A。根据第2空后had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) occasion to ride the same bus可知，有时，这个人需要坐公交车 (bus) 到多伦多市区去。
2. B。根据首句moved to Toronto可知，他到达 (arrived) 多伦多几周后，又碰巧坐了同一辆公交车。
3. D。根据本空后more change可推测，他上车坐到座位后发现司机不小心 (accidentally) 多找了他25分币。
4. C。本空后就是他考虑 (considered) 的事：最好把这多余的钱还回去。
5. D。根据上句give...back可知：最好把钱退回去，留下这25分币是不对的 (wrong)。
6. A。 根据本空后o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nly以及little等词的描述可推测，作者在自我暗示：不必在意 (forget)这事了，毕竟只有25美分，不是大数目 (amount)。
7. B。参见第6题解析。
8. A。毕竟，公交公司已经赚了很多钱 (fare)，他们是不会注意到的。此处fare指票价带来的收入，而非零钱带来的收入，故B项错误。
9. B。根据本空前Accept it可知：就当是幸运之神送给自己的礼物吧! 别再声张了(keep quiet)。
10. D。根据本空前文paused可推测：到站后，他在车门那儿迟疑了。突然 (Suddenly)，他从兜里掏出了那25分币还给了司机。
11. C。根据本空后司机说的话推断：司 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )机早已知道此事，所以他笑了笑 (smile) 说，“你是刚来多伦多吧？我刚才就是想看看多找你零钱后你会有什么反应。”
12. D。根据下文held for support可推测：他下车后，腿一下子发软 (weak) 了。
13. C。下车后这个人觉得自己差点 (almost) 因为25分币把尊严也出卖了。
14. A。根据上文这个人的行为判断：我们也许从来不会理解自己的行为 (actions) 会对别人产生什么影响。
15. B。通读本文可知，文章主旨意在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )说明诚信这一主题：每个人都需要做出表率，都应诚实 (honest) 守信，因为你不会知道有谁正在关注着你。
本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第15小题。
Ⅱ
一位瘦弱的司机经常遇到一个身强力壮的大汉坐车不买票，但司机的解决办法却得不偿失！
1. B。根据第一段的场景描述可推测， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在开始的几站一切像往常 (generally) 一样都很正常，上上下下了几批乘客，没有遇到任何问题 (problems)。
2. D。参见第1题解析。
3. C。根据本空前a big ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hulk以及Six feet eight可推测：在这一站上来了一个大块头，他长得 (built) 非常高大，就像一个摔跤手，双臂很长，几乎可以垂到地上。
4. D。根据本空后文叙述 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可知，这个大汉恶狠狠地盯着 (glared at) 司机说：“我不用买票”。然后，他坐 (sat) 到了后排座位上。
5. A。参见第4题解析。根据常识也可推测出本空答案。
6. B。与上文大汉的形象构成鲜明 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对比：司机身材矮小，很瘦弱 (thin)，脾气很温和。另：本空与basically gentle属并列关系。
7. A。根据本文对两人的形象描述对比可推测：自然而然地 (Naturally)，司机并没有与大汉发生争执。
8. B。根据本空后的叙述可知，第二天，又发生了同样的 (same) 事情。
9. A。根据本空后during the night可推测，司机一想到大汉仰仗自己身体强壮耍无赖就无法入睡 (losing sleep)。
10. C。根据本空前后文叙事可推测，最终 (Finally)，这个司机再也无法忍受了。
11. D。根据本空后Judo可推测，司机想像那个大汉一样强壮，所以报名参加了柔道等能强身健体 (body building) 的项目。
12. C。根据后文故事的发展可推测，经过很长时间的锻炼后，到了夏末，他终于变得非常强壮 (strong)。
13. B。与本空前的gla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red back构成并列：当那个大汉再一次不买票时，司机猛地站起来，怒目而视，然后厉声责问 (screamed) 大汉：“为什么不买票？”
14. D。一向软弱的司机突然强硬起来，让大汉感到很吃惊 (surprised)。
15. A。本空后就是这个故事的寓意：在尽力解决一个问题之前，一定要弄清楚这个问题产生的根源 (source) 是什么，做到“有的放矢”。
本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第15小题。
Ⅲ
做任何工作我们都要有经验，丰富的经验能帮助我们找到合适的工作。
1. B。由第2空前walked to可知：她看到一个年轻人穿着工作服，在远处的石头路上走着（walking）。
2. A。根据下段第一句中的again ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) he disappeared可知：他扛着铁锹，提着一个小盒，走到一片灌木丛那儿就不见了（sight）。
3. C。根据上一段saw及下文the man again可知：第二天那个时间，她又见到了那个男子。
4. D。从下文Maybe可知：大概（probably）是猎人在设置捕猎陷阱或者是农夫（farmer）在干活。
5. C。参考第4题解析。另：本空后farm work有提示。
6. A。与本空后no need to worry构成对应：这些都太正常了（normal），没有必要挂在心上。
7. B。由本空后before…to fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd out可知：他认为没有必要操心这事，所以老太太就劝他去看看，早点去（early），赶到年轻人到来之前（不要让他发现）。
8. A。根据下文中的How strange可知：看到布满石头的地上竟然被挖出了一条长长的深沟，他们非常吃惊（surprised）。
9. D。根据本空前ro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ugh和neater可知：深沟一开始的这头很不规范，而越往另一头就越整齐（tidier）。这也说明年轻人挖地沟，越挖越有经验。
10. C。根据第一段some rocky land可知：这位老人说道：为什么他要在如此坚硬布满石头的地上挖沟呢？
11. D。根据上下文语境可知：这时这个年轻人出现了（appeared），比以往要早。
12. C。从本空前curiously可知：这对夫妇想知道（wondered）这个年轻人在做什么还有他的盒子里装了什么。
13. A。本空后他说的话就是他做出的进一步解释（explanation）。
14. B。通读全文可知，这个年轻人的行为举 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )止都是为了学习如何挖沟，因而可推知他要应聘的那个工作要求必须有相关的经验（experience）。
15. D。上文case有提示：至于那个小盒子（case），是“我”用来装午饭用的。
本篇完形填空中涉及到文章主旨大意的为第14小题。
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