【绝密绝招 考前添分指导】2014江西高考——阅读表达指导（精讲精析）

阅读表达专题讲解
命题规律分析
阅读表达具有以下特点：
1. 阅读表达相对于传统阅读理解题更具综合性和主观性，更注重考查考生在语言输入的基础上，进行语言输出的能力，要求考生在对阅读材料理解的基础上分析、概括、整理，并根据需要答题。主要考查学生的综合语言运用能力，较好地体现了新课程标准的要求。
2. 重视“新材料，新情境”的创设与运用，是“用英语做事的体现”之一。文章选材贴近生活，具有时代感，体裁以议论文和说明文为主。文章还增加了段落编号，这不仅方便考生作答，而且方便老师阅卷，体现了试卷设计的人性化原则。
下面是2011至2013年阅读表达文章情况列表：
年份
体裁
题材
文章长度
2011
议论文
电视实况转播体育节目的优点和缺点
274词
2012
说明文
如何集邮
303词
2013
议论文
对钓鱼作为爱好的不同看法
325词
题型探究与解题技巧
江西阅读表达要求考生阅读一篇短文，并根据所给题目要求进行作答。根据江西省英语科《考试说明》可知，其题目类型主要有以下几类：
1. 短文信息列举题
该题型相当于传统阅读理解题里的细节理解题。解题时根据试题提供的信息，在文中寻找关键词，并根据需要，提取信息。常见的命题形式有：① List the items of… ② List three factors of… ③ Find out the advantage of…等。
解题技巧：首先要信息定位，也就是快速准确地在文章中找到题目所涉及的相关内容，然后搜索关键词，通过语境来确定答案。
2. 确认指代关系
该题型要求考生根据上下文，确定具有指代功能的词语所指代的内容。主要考查that、it、this、they、 them、one等代词或文章中其他词语的指代关系。常见的命题形式有：What does the word “it” probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)
解题技巧：首先要返回原文，找出题目中的指代词；然后，向上搜索，找最近的名词或名词性短语(通常在本句或上句中)；最后，将找到的词(短语)代入题句，替换指代词，看意思是否通顺。
3. 归纳或推断性问答
该题型主要根据文中的某个点进行提问，要求考生对文章的某一部分进行归纳或作出合理判断与评价，总结成符合字数要求的句子。问题多为“wh-questions”。常见的命题形式有：① What causes…? ② What does the writer really mean by saying…? ③ Why does the author mention…? ④ Which is the result of…? ⑤ Where in the passage does the author describe…？
解题技巧：找到题干中的关键词，回原文定位，即按照题意进行寻读，找到文中的重要事实或细节，然后进行归纳总结。回答要有针对性，紧扣题目，语言既要完整，又要简洁，不要超过规定字数。
4. 补全短文中空缺的内容
该题型要求考生根据上下文和行文逻辑，用合适的词或短语将短文中的空白处补充完整，使短文通顺。常见的命题形式有：Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases.
解题技巧：首先，弄清空缺部分所在段落上下文之间的逻辑关系，例如递进、并列、对比、转折、因果等；然后用简练的语言将空缺部分补充完整；最后要通读句子，看上下文是否通顺，能否恢复作者原本想表达的内容、思想或意图。
5. 概括主旨大意或指出作者的写作意图
该题型相当于阅读理解题中的主旨大意题，主要考查考生对短文或某一段落的主旨大意进行简要概括，或指出作者的写作意图的能力。常见的命题形式有：① What’ s the best title of the passage? ② What’ s the purpose of the writer in writing this passage? ③ What’ s the main idea of the passage?
解题技巧：寻找主题句是关键。通过文章的首段、尾段或每段的首尾句来搜索主题线索和主题信息。
真题展示
(2013江西高考阅读表达)
[1] Fishing is probably the world’ s most popular sport. People spend many dollars each year on items like boats and four-wheel-drive vehicles. In addition, they spend money on fishing equipment, bait, fuel and boat repairs. And you can see that fishing can be an expensive pastime. Fishing lovers believe that their hobby is worth it. Others say that fishing is spoiling the environment and that it is a cruel hobby.
[2] Supporters of fishing say that it is a nice hobby. Firstly, of the millions of people who fish for fun, most only catch enough fish to feed their families. They catch fish that are found in large numbers, so there is little danger to the species (种类).
[3] Secondly, recreational fishermen contribute to the economy. They spend money on equipment and other items, and they also spend it indirectly by paying taxes on their equipment and fuel. Those who travel to fishing spots pay for accommodation (食宿) and airfares. This money keeps people in work and provides new jobs each year.
[4] Thirdly, fishing is relaxing and fun so it lessens stress. Instead of turning to drugs or alcohol, it is far better to go fishing. People who are relaxed are generally healthier and much nicer to be near— except for the smell of the bait!
[5] Those who _______________ say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken from rivers, lakes, streams and oceans. This could lead to the dying out of some species. Modern cars and boats mean that people can fish in remote areas of the world, so no place is safe from greedy fishermen who take both males and females, leaving few fish to produce young.
[6] Those against fishing also say that it is a blood sport, which means that an animal must die so that a human can have fun. Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable for eating, so they are thrown away. Once hooked, fish have no chance of escape.
76. What’ s the main idea of the passage? (no more than 4 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
77. According to Paragraph 2, why does fishing cause little danger to the species? (no more than 8 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
78. List 4 items on which people spend their money for fishing. (no more than 7 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
79. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (no more than 4 words)
Those who _____________ say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken from rivers, lakes, streams and oceans.
80. What does the word “which” (Line 2, Paragraph 6) probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
【文章大意】本文为议论文。主要就钓鱼是否是一个好的爱好展开议论，并分别给出了支持者和反对者的观点。
76. 【答案与解析】 Different views on fishing.
考查主旨大意。综观全文，以及根据第一段最后两句“Fishing lovers believe that their hobby is worth it. Others say that fishing is spoiling the environment and that it is a cruel hobby.”可知，本文主要谈论了对钓鱼这一爱好不同人的不同看法。
77. 【答案与解析】 Fishing lovers catch fish found in large numbers.
考查短文信息简答。根据第二段最后一句“They catch fish that are found in large numbers, so there is little danger to the species (种类).”可知答案。
78. 【答案与解析】 boats, vehicles, fishing equipment, bait, boat repairs, accommodation and airfares. (列出其中四项即可)
考查信息归纳。根据第一段第二、三句“People spend many dollars each year on items like boats and four-wheel-drive vehicles. In addition, they spend money on fishing equipment, bait, fuel and boat repairs.”以及第三段第三句“Those who travel to fishing spots pay for accommodation (食宿) and airfares.”可知答案。
79. 【答案与解析】 disagree with fishing(are against fishing)
考查补全短文空缺内容。根据设空处后面的内容可知这些是不同意钓鱼的人的观点。
80. 【答案与解析】 A blood sport.
考查代词指代。根据划线词所在句“Those against fishing also say that it is a blood sport, which means that an animal must die so that a human can have fun.”可知，which在此引导定语从句，在从句中代替a blood sport作主语。