人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists 综合测试（含解析）
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Unit 1 Science and Scientists 综合测试
一、阅读理解
Here’s a simple question — answer it honestly, because your response could boost the level of pleasure in your daily life, put off dementia (痴呆), and even help you live longer. How many hours did you spend reading last week
Recently, when researcher Mathew P. White and his workmates at the Yale School of Public Health dug into 12 years of information about the reading habits and health of more than 3,600 men and women, a hopeful pattern became known. Book readers who report more than three hours of weekly reading are 23 percent less likely to die than those who read only newspapers or magazines.
To understand why and what each of us can do to get the most out of our words, start by asking the same question the Yale team did. What is it about reading books that increases our brain power while reading newspapers doesn’t
For one, the researchers suggest that chapter books encourage “deep reading”. Unlike, say, looking through a page of headlines, reading a book forces your brain to think creatively and make connections from one chapter to another, and to the outside world. When you make connections, so does your brain. Over time, these neural networks (神经网络) can promote quicker thinking, which provides greater protection against dementia.
Secondly, reading books, especially novels, has been shown to increase empathy (共鸣) and emotional intelligence. Developing social tools such as empathy and emotional intelligence can lead to more (and more positive) human interaction, which in turn can lower stress levels — both of which are proven to help you live longer and healthier.
That’s not to say that magazines, newspapers, and online articles are of no good. Reading anything that fills your mind seems to bring about mental benefits. When it comes to words, addiction is encouraged. Because it pays to increase your word power — today, tomorrow, and for the rest of your life.
1．What does the underlined word “boost” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Remove. B．Reduce. C．Improve. D．Create.
2．How did White carry out the research
A．By experimentation.
B．By direct observation.
C．By interviewing in person.
D．By referring to former facts.
3．In which way does reading books increase our brain power
A．Promoting brain growth.
B．Preventing us from ageing.
C．Keeping us free from stress.
D．Strengthening neural networks.
4．What’s the author’s attitude to reading online articles
A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Uncertain. D．Unconcerned.
The vivid blue color of a new brand of Dutch soda (苏打水) doesn’t come from food coloring: The startup making the product, called Ful, makes the drink with spirulina, a biomass of blue-green algae (藻类).
The founders, who met as students at the Singapore campus of the business school INSEAD, spent months exploring ways to help reduce the carbon footprint of the food system before settling on blue-green microalgae. “What I think particularly caught our imagination was how efficient it is at transforming CO into nutrients,” says Julia Streuli, one of Ful’s three cofounders.
Per kilogram of protein produced, beef has a carbon footprint of around 500 kilograms. But algae quickly take up CO as they grow; the startup shows that in its own production process its spirulina gives a carbon footprint of negative 1.5 kilograms. Algae also don’t need farming land to grow and don’t require fertilizer (肥料) or huge amounts of fresh water.
Beyond protein, it’s a source of nutrients like iron and vitamin C, which can be found in the soda. Still, it isn’t yet widely used. “At first, its flavor and smell could be unappetizing. It didn’t look great either,”Streuli says. “If you tried to pasteurize (巴氏杀菌法消毒) it, which a lot of foods need for longer shelf life, the green color turned to a very unappetizing brown.”
Just before graduation, the founders moved to the Netherlands to begin working with food scientists to deal with the challenges, and developed a patented new way to process the algae to obtain the best-tasting parts. Their new ingredient (成分)“has a little bit of a saltiness, but it doesn’t have the fishy off-taste of spirulina,” she says.
The first limited runs of the new soda were made in a Dutch beer factory. The team is also working on details like packaging; the first production runs were sold in glass bottles, but the company is switching to cans. And a future product will have even more minimal packaging.
For now, the soda is only available in Europe and the U.K., but the brand hopes to expand to the U.S. later.
5．What is special about algae according to Streuli
A．They can be grown here and there.
B．They can recycle CO into nutrients.
C．They contain as much protein as beef.
D．They can change their colors accordingly.
6．What was a challenging problem with the product for the founders
A．It tasted and smelt sick.
B．It was unlikely to be profitable.
C．It went bad quickly on the shelf.
D．It had an unchangeable appearance.
7．What will Ful do next concerning its soda
A．Sell it in glass bottles. B．Produce it in the U.K.
C．Make it in one factory. D．Improve its packaging.
8．What would be the best title for the text
A．Ful’s Blue Soda Gets Its Color From the Sea
B．Ful’s Blue Soda Is Challenging Food Scientists
C．Ful’s Blue Soda Has Changed the Food System
D．Ful’s Blue Soda Has a Wide Appeal on the Market
While facial recognition technology continues to promote many aspects of human life, it’s now being applied to aid the protection of giant pandas, Xinhua News Agency reported on 6 January 2022.
A nature reserve has built an AI-enabled video monitoring system to better protect giant pandas. Installed with 300 infrared (红外线) cameras, the monitoring system helps ensure the health and safety of 110 wild giant pandas there. It was put into operation two years ago, and has captured numerous photos and videos of pandas engaged in activities such as eating, resting and fighting for mates. It provides scientific data to help us grasp pandas’ living conditions and establish conservation strategies. More importantly, it achieves real-time monitoring of the reserve so that we can discern the threats to the wildlife as early as possible.
A recent study found the facial recognition system can automatically recognize various wild animals caught in infrared cameras, allowing researchers to collect data on giant pandas while staying indoors. It’s shown that by equipping the AI-aided system to retain the filed photos of giant pandas, we obtain a 98% success rate for species recognition. Its success rate of recognizing other wild animals can top 80%. In 2021 alone, this monitoring system captured 2, 896 photos of giant pandas and other rare animals and filmed 3,218 seconds of footage, showcasing the reserve’s sound ecological environment as well as a gradual rise in panda population there.
Head of the reserve’s administration, Liu Xingming, said researchers used the system not only to observe the dynamics and health of the giant panda population but also to learn about changes in the natural surroundings of their habitat. “The monitoring system has enabled systematic, scientific, and intelligent conservation of wildlife,” he added. “However, it is expected to be further improved and optimized in the near future.”
9．What does the underlined word “discern” mean in paragraph 2
A．Solve. B．Affect. C．Detect. D．Attach.
10．What can be inferred about the new technology from the study
A．It contributes to species data collection. B．It makes panda population rise rapidly.
C．It precisely recognizes any species. D．It understands pandas’ facial appearance.
11．What is Liu Xingming’s attitude to the facial recognition monitoring system
A．Critical. B．Ambiguous.
C．Objective. D．Conservative.
12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Panda Facial Recognition Using Database
B．AI Technology for Better Panda Protection
C．Functions of Facial Recognition Technology
D．A Breakthrough in Video Monitoring System
二、七选五
Four Rules for Successful Plant Cloning
Plant growers have two choices when it comes to starting new plants: growing from seed, or plant cloning. And plant clones offer advantages that growing plants from seed can’t offer. Growing from clones, you’re sure to have all females, and as long as you do the cloning yourself, you know who the mother plant is and how your clones will grow, yield, and get you high. ___13___.
Take your plant cuttings from a healthy mother plant
Plant cloning gives you genetic copies of your mother plant. ___14___, your clones get the best start possibly. Avoid using mother plants that are sick, or that are plagued with pests.
___15___
Most plant clones prefer temperatures slightly higher than your ideal grow room temperature, and they don’t like a day and night cycle with a temperature drop at night. That’s why most growers root their cuttings under lighting that stays on 24 hours a day. The lighting itself creates temperature stabilization. Temperatures between 74 — 77 degrees Fahrenheit are the range you want.
Clones like high humidity
Your cuttings need a humid environment in the 75 — 95% humidity range until they’ve created roots and are able to intake water through them. That’s why many plant cloners use humidity covers. You need to wait your clones have functioning roots. ___16___, they’ll die.
Use sterile equipment and materials
You already figured out that your scissors, knife or other tools for cutting clones has to be clean. But you also want to make sure you trays, cloning covers, and root zone media are clean and sterile too. ___17___. Start fresh every time.
When you follow these plant cloning tips, your clone success rate should be nearly 100%.
A．If they’re in dry air
B．Use kind LED lighting
C．Give your plant clones consistent climate
D．But it’s an art and science to plant cloning
E．Don’t reuse cloning cubes or cloning powders and gels
F．If you’re taking 20 clones and seeing only 10 of them survive
G．If your mother plants are strong, healthy, and have potent genetics
三、完形填空
People in the US have been encouraged for decades to eat various kinds of food, as the variety of food helps to___18___that they keep a___19___with enough nutrition. But this week a group of nutrition experts said that longstanding___20___might be out of date.
The advice to___21___different kinds of food has been included in the government's Dietary Guidelines for Americans美国居民膳食指南》) for quite some time. It is___22___based on___23___studies of low-income populations. The studies claimed that consuming various kinds of food could help___24___deficiencies(缺乏) of nutrition.
But things may be different considering today's environment___25___food is plentiful. That same advice could lead to a(n)___26___consequence, argued Dr Otto, one of the experts with the American Heart Association.
Experts____27____the latest evidence of the recommendation, and____28____a scientific report on Thursday. The report stated that in some studies, people who consume a wide range of food usually eat many nutritious food____29____fish, vegetables and fruits.____30____they also eat many____31____food, like sugared snacks and other processed food.
Greater dietary variety is also associated with a(n)____32____calorie intake and weight gain.Some studies show that a____33____variety of food choices in any given meal could delay fullness and____34____the amount of food people eat. Some recent dietary guidelines recommend that people eat"a variety of food", and____35____“ a variety of vegetables from all of the subgroups”.
But Dr Otto said people should worry____36____about variety and more about diet quality,such as filling half your plate with only one or two vegetables you like. Actually, what____37____is the amount of fruits, vegetables, nuts and other nutritious food you eat, not the variety.
18．A．ensure B．make C．provide D．prove
19．A．dish B．meal C．diet D．food
20．A．decision B．research C．recommendation D．study
21．A．cook B．consume C．find D．take
22．A．rarely B．nearly C．hardly D．largely
23．A．recent B．latest C．previous D．scientific
24．A．cure B．stop C．protect D．prevent
25．A．why B．where C．when D．what
26．A．opposite B．positive C．same D．convincing
27．A．carried B．did C．examined D．left
28．A．held B．gave out C．released D．came out
29．A．such as B．for example C．in case D．as long as
30．A．Although B．Even if C．However D．But
31．A．healthy B．junk C．nutritious D．high-fat
32．A．higher B．medium C．lower D．average
33．A．narrow B．limited C．deficient D．wider
34．A．reduce B．digest C．increase D．consume
35．A．in general B．in other words C．in short D．in particular
36．A．more B．less C．higher D．lower
37．A．cares B．helps C．works D．matters
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,答案写在答题卡上。
During the past three decades,China____38____ (witness)the railway industry’s transformation from making slow trains ____39____ making domestically manufactured high-speed trains
In 1997,China started ____40____ (it)first significant railway speed increase. Since then, the country’s high-speed rail technology has continued to achieve breakthroughs250 km/h to 350 km/h and then to 400 km/h.Made-in-China high-speed trains not only operate ____41____ (smooth) in freezing weather and desert____42____ (region),but they also come with driverless technology Millions of railway workers take pride in their roles as the company provides____43____ clear route for their professional advancement.Through____44____ (train), practical operation and assessment, they can move up as a wiring worker to a technician, an operator an expert and even a scientist
As trains become faster and more intelligent, their software and hardware systems will become more complex thus requiring____45____ (high)technical competence for daily maintenance by railway workers. For these diligent railway workers____46____ have skilled craftsmanship, improving their skills tirelessly to ensure safe operation of the trains seems like an ____47____ (end)learning curve throughout life.
五、根据首字母填写单词
48．The movie t__________her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a super star. （根据首字母单词拼写）
49．So far, no p________ for the existence of Nessie has been found by scientists. (根据首字母填空)
50．The airline denied responsibility, b________ bad weather for the flight delay. (根据首字母单词拼写)
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
51．Officials believe that more than one person is to ________ (责怪) for the fire. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
52．She seemed to be placing most of the __________ (责备) on her mother for the serious mistake. （根据汉语意思填空）
53．He is the prime________ (犯罪嫌疑人)in the case. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
54．I got quite f_______ (懊恼的) because my microscope which was very expensive broke down.(根据中英文提示填空)
55．The boy died of m_____________(数量多的) injuries, and everyone here felt sad for him. (根据中英文提示填空)
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
56．The Smiths are praised for ________________（他们抚养孩子的方式）.（根据汉语意思完成句子）
57．Bandage the wound to reduce the ________ (感染的危险). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
58．It is one of the funniest things _________（在网上发现的） so far this year. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
九、句型转换
59．Mary was late for the meeting because she didn’t catch the bus. (同义句转换)
→Mary was late for the meeting. ___________she didn’t catch the bus.
60．Jane was caught in a traffic jam, so she was late for the meeting. (同义句转换)
Jane was caught in a traffic jam. __________________ she was late for the meeting.
Jane was late for the meeting. __________________ she was caught in a traffic jam.
十、汉译英（整句）
61．我必须提醒你每个人对病毒的反应是因人而异的，因此需要对症(symptom)下药。（vary）（汉译英）
62．他今天早上迟到的原因是他生病了。（why引导的定语从句）（汉译英）
63．问题是是否有足够的准备。（汉译英）
十一、汉译英（单词/短语）
汉译英
64．________v. 报道
65．________n. 建议
66．________n. 重要性
67．________n. 措施
68．________n. 利润
69．________adj. 知道的；有……意识的
70．________v. 捕猎
71．________adj. 灭绝的
72．________v. 增加
73．________v. 减少
74．________n. 栖息地
75．________n. 环境
76．________n. 野生动物
77．________n. 保护区
十二、读写任务
78．请认真阅读下面有关“有声读物”（audio books）的图表及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
An audio book is a recording of a text being read. Audio books are considered a valuable tool. Digital innovation isn’t just changing the way audio books are created, packaged and sold. It’s starting to reshape the way readers consume literature.
Like many young people, Tony Chou, a 25-year-old software engineer in Shanghai, never used to read much. He barely cracked a book in college and would read one or two a year on vacation, at most. But in the past year, he’s finished 10 books. He listens to audio in pieces throughout the day on his iPhone during his morning workout, on his 20-minute-trip to work, and while he’s cooking dinner or cleaning up. Before he falls asleep, he switches to an e-book of the same story on his Kindle, and starts reading right where the narrator left off.
【写作内容】
1.用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2.阅读有声读物受欢迎的原因（不少于两点）；
3.联系实际，谈谈你愿意读传统读物还是有声读物，并简述理由。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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十三、完成句子
79．It looks ________ our team ________ win the game.
看起来好像我们队要赢得比赛了。
80．尊重和友谊是婚姻的坚实基础。
Respect and friendship________marriage.
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阅读书籍与只读报纸或杂志相比，可以提高快乐的程度，推迟老年痴呆症，甚至帮助人活得更长，更有益于人的大脑健康和身体健康。
1．词句猜测题。由文章第一段 “How many hours did you spend reading last week (上周你花了多少小时阅读？)”可知，上文所指的simple question指的是“上周你花了多少小时阅读？”再结合“put off dementia, and even help you live longer(推迟痴呆症，甚至帮助你活得更长)”可知，下划线词与二者成并列关系，说明下划线词应该也是含褒义的词，即“提高”你日常生活中快乐的水平。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Recently, when researcher Mathew P. White and his workmates at the Yale School of Public Health dug into 12 years of information about the reading habits and health of more than 3,600 men and women, a hopeful pattern became known. Book readers who report more than three hours of weekly reading are 23 percent less likely to die than those who read only newspapers or magazines.(最近，耶鲁大学公共卫生学院的研究员Mathew P. White和他的同事们对3600多名男性和女性长达12年的阅读习惯和健康信息进行了深入研究，发现了一个有希望的模式。与只读报纸或杂志的人相比，每周阅读超过3小时的书籍读者死亡的可能性要低23%)”可知，Mathew P. White是通过对3600多名男性和女性长达12年的阅读习惯和健康信息进行了深入研究，参考此前这期间的数据（事实）来进行这项研究的。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。由文章第四段“When you make connections, so does your brain. Over time, these neural networks (神经网络) can promote quicker thinking, which provides greater protection against dementia.(当你建立连接时，你的大脑也会。随着时间的推移，这些神经网络可以促进更快的思考，从而为预防痴呆症提供更好的保护)”可知，阅读书籍可以通过增强神经网络，促进大脑更快的思考。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“That’s not to say that magazines, newspapers, and online articles are of no good. Reading anything that fills your mind seems to bring about mental benefits. When it comes to words, addiction is encouraged. Because it pays to increase your word power — today, tomorrow, and for the rest of your life.(这并不是说杂志、报纸和网络文章都不好。阅读任何充满你大脑的东西似乎会带来精神上的好处。谈及文字（语言），上瘾是被鼓励的。因为提高你的文字（语言）能力是有回报的——对于今天，明天，以及你的余生来说)”可知，作者对阅读网络电子文章持支持态度。故选B项。
5．B 6．A 7．D 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了使用海洋藻类生产的一款环保苏打水以及该产品目前面临的困境和未来的发展方向。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Julia Streuli所说的话“What I think particularly caught our imagination was how efficient it is at transforming CO into nutrients.(我认为，特别吸引我们想象力的是，它将CO 转化为营养物质的效率)”可知，algae的特别之处在于它能将CO 有效转换成为营养物质。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“At first its flavor and smell could be unappetizing. It didn’t look great either.(一开始，它的味道和气味可能会让人没胃口，看起来也不太好)”可知，这种饮料的味道和气味不是很好。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“the first production runs were sold in glass bottles, but the company is switching to cans And a future product will have even more minimal package.(第一批产品是玻璃瓶，但该公司正在转向罐装，未来的产品将有更小的包装)”可知，第一批产品的外包装从玻璃瓶到罐装，以及未来转向更小的包装。由此推知，Ful未来关注的是产品的外包装。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The vivid blue color of a new brandof Dutch soda doesn’t come from food coloring: The startup making the product called Ful, makes the drink with spirulina a biomass of blue-green algae.(荷兰一款新品牌苏打水的鲜艳蓝色并非来自食用色素：生产这款产品的初创公司富尔(Ful)用蓝藻(一种蓝绿色藻类的生物质)制成了这种饮料)”可知，本文介绍了了使用海洋藻类生产的一款环保苏打水，而Ful’s blue soda最特别之处就是它的颜色及来源与其他苏打水不同。A项“Ful的蓝色苏打水的颜色来自大海”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选A项。
9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一种新的面部识别监控技术，这种技术可以应用于野生动物数据收集，帮助更好地保护野生动物。
9．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“More importantly, it achieves real-time monitoring of the reserve so that we can discern the threats to the wildlife as early as possible.(更重要的是，它实现了对保护区的实时监控，使我们能够尽早发现对野生动物的威胁。)”可知，前面it achieves real-time monitoring of the reserve提到实现了对保护区的实时监控，后面又说可以尽早discern对野生动物的威胁。由此可推知，实时监控可以帮助尽早“发现”对野生动物的威胁，discern词义与“发现”相近。A. Solve解决；B. Affect影响；C. Detect监测、察觉；D. Attach连接、系上。四个选项中，只有C项与discern(看出、察觉出)含义相近。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“It was put into operation two years ago, and has captured numerous photos and videos of pandas engaged in activities such as eating, resting and fighting for mates. It provides scientific data to help us grasp pandas’ living conditions and establish conservation strategies.(它于两年前投入使用，并拍摄了大量大熊猫进食、休息和争夺配偶等活动的照片和视频。它为帮助我们掌握大熊猫的生存状况、制定保护策略提供了科学依据)”可知，新技术拍摄了大量大熊猫进食、休息和争夺配偶等活动的照片和视频，这种技术为我们掌握大熊猫的生存状况、制定保护策略提供了科学依据。由此可推知，新技术有助于物种数据的收集。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““The monitoring system has enabled systematic, scientific, and intelligent conservation of wildlife,” he added. “However, it is expected to be further improved and optimized in the near future.”(他补充说：“监测系统实现了对野生动物的系统、科学和智能保护。不过，在不久的将来，它有望得到进一步的改进和优化。”)”可知，Liu Xingming认为监测系统实现了对野生动物的系统、科学和智能保护，不过在不久的将来，监测系统有望得到进一步的改进和优化。由此可推知，Liu Xingming对监测系统的态度是比较客观的。故选C项。
12．主旨大意题。阅读文章可知，文章开篇就提出了面部识别技术应用于大熊猫保护，第二、三段介绍了监测系统和面部识别技术的相关工作原理和作用；最后一段提到了使用该技术的目的以及未来发展。由此可知，本文主要介绍了用于保护大熊猫的人工智能技术，这种技术能更好地保护大熊猫。B项“AI Technology for Better Panda Protection(能更好地保护熊猫的人工智能技术)”最能概括本文内容。故选B项。
13．D 14．G 15．C 16．A 17．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了成功克隆植物的四个规则。
13．根据上文“Growing from clones, you’re sure to have all females, and as long as you do the cloning yourself, you know who the mother plant is and how your clones will grow, yield, and get you high. (从克隆植物中生长，你肯定会有所有的雌性植物，只要你自己做克隆，你就知道母株是谁，你的克隆植物将如何生长、长成作物，让你兴奋。)”可知，看着自己亲自进行克隆植物会是件令人兴奋的事，D项“But it’s an art and science to plant cloning. (但克隆植物是一门艺术和科学)”，D项与上文之间为转折关系，且有启下的作用，引出下文的四个成功克隆植物的规则，语意顺畅。故选D项。
14．本段主题句“Take your plant cuttings from a healthy mother plant (从健康的植物母株上取下插枝)”，关键词为mother plant，上文“Plant cloning gives you genetic copies of your mother plant. (植物克隆为您提供母株的基因复制)”可知，植物母株对植物克隆会有遗传影响，联系主题句可知，母株健康，克隆产物才有可能健康；后一句“your clones get the best start possibly (你的克隆可能会有一个最好的开始)”可知，这个好的开始必然是有一个好的先提条件；G项“If your mother plants are strong, healthy, and have potent genetics (如果你的植物母株强壮、健康、有强大的基因)”，故G项与下文为条件关系，对上文信息作出了具体的解释。故选G项。
15．考查主题句。本段第一句“Most plant clones prefer temperatures slightly higher than your ideal grow room temperature, and they don’t like a day and night cycle with a temperature drop at night. (大多数植物克隆体喜欢比理想生长温度略高的温度，它们不喜欢白天和晚上的温度下降周期。)”，根据其中的关键词temperatures可知，本段与克隆植物所需的适宜的稳定的温度有关，最后两句“The lighting itself creates temperature stabilization. Temperatures between 74—77 degrees Fahrenheit are the range you want.(照明本身创造了温度稳定。74-77华氏度是你想要的温度范围。)”可知，克隆植物最理想的温度条件为稳定的74-77华氏度。C项“Give your plant clones consistent climate (给你的克隆植物稳定的气候)”符合题意。故选C项。
16．本段主题句“Clones like high humidity (克隆植物喜欢高湿度)”说明了克隆植物的湿度要求，根据下文“they’ll die (他们就会死)”可知，达不到湿度条件,克隆植物会死；A项“If they’re in dry air (如果它们在干燥的空气中)”，说明了湿度不够，空气干燥，会导致克隆植物死掉，A项与下文为条件关系。故选A项。
17．本段主题句“Use sterile equipment and materials (使用无菌设备和材料)”说明了克隆植物时的容器、相关材料的要求。上文“You already figured out that your scissors, knife or other tools for cutting clones has to be clean. But you also want to make sure you trays, cloning covers, and root zone media are clean and sterile too. (你已经知道你的剪刀、刀或其他用于切割克隆植物体的工具必须是干净的。但是你也要确保你的托盘，克隆覆盖，和根区介质是干净和无菌的。)”，上文列举了对部分材料的要求；E项“Don’t reuse cloning cubes or cloning powders and gels (不要重复使用克隆方块或克隆粉末和凝胶)”，E项承接上文，话题一致，下文“Start fresh every time. (每次都用新的)”，为总结句，呼应主题句。故选E项。
18．A 19．C 20．C 21．B 22．D 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．A 27．C 28．C 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．D 36．B 37．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了专家通过研究发现长期以来美国政府一直鼓励人们吃各种各样的食物以确保饮食中有足够的营养这条建议在当今社会可能会适得其反，同时指出人们应该少担心食物的种类，而应该更多地关注饮食质量，因为真正重要的是你吃的有营养的食物的数量，而不是种类。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几十年来，美国人一直被鼓励吃各种各样的食物，因为食物的多样性有助于确保他们的饮食有足够的营养。A. ensure确保；B. make使、让；C. provide提供；D. prove证明。空前一句说美国人一直被鼓励吃各种各样的食物，此处解释原因——食物的多样性有助于确保他们的饮食有足够的营养，故A项正确。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. dish菜肴；B. meal餐；C. diet饮食；D. food食物。空前一句说美国人一直被鼓励吃各种各样的食物，自然是希望以此确保他们的日常饮食有足够的营养，故C项正确。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但本周，一组营养专家表示，这条长期以来的建议可能已经过时了。A. decision决定；B. research调查；C. recommendation建议；D. study学习。文章第一句说几十年来，美国人一直被鼓励吃各种各样的食物，这是政府给人们的一条饮食建议，下一段第一句话中的“advice”也是提示，故C项正确。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在相当长的一段时间内，政府为美国人制定的饮食指南中包含了食用不同种类食物的建议。A. cook烹饪；B. consume消耗、食用；C. find发现；D. take拿、取。文章第一句说几十年来，美国人一直被鼓励吃各种各样的食物，因此此处指“食用不同种类的食物”，故B项正确。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这主要是基于以前对低收入人群的研究。A. rarely极少地； B. nearly将近；C. hardly几乎不；D. largely很大程度上、主要。空前一句说在相当长的一段时间内，政府为美国人制定的饮食指南中包含了食用不同种类食物的建议，此处解释原因——这主要是基于以前对低收入人群的研究，故D项正确。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. recent近来的；B. latest最新的；C. previous以前的、早先的；D. scientific科学的。空前一句说政府为美国人制定的饮食指南中包含了食用不同种类食物的建议已经有很长一段时间了，这样的建议主要是基于以前对低收入人群的研究，故C项正确。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，食用各种食物有助于防止营养不足。A. cure治愈；B. stop停止；C. protect保护；D. prevent防止。根据空后的“deficiencies of nutrition”可知，食用不同种类的食物有助于防止营养不足，故D项正确。
25．考查定语从句。句意：但考虑到当今环境下食物很充足，情况可能会有所不同。此处为定语从句，关系词指代先行词environment（抽象地点）并在从句中作地点状语，所以用where来引导，故B项正确。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国心脏协会的专家之一奥托博士认为，同样的建议可能导致相反的结果。A. opposite相反的；B. positive积极的；C. same相同的；D. convincing有说服力的。空前一句说考虑到当今环境下食物很充足，情况可能会有所不同，这说明由于环境变了，同样的建议可能导致相反的结果，故A项正确。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：专家们研究了这一建议的最新证据，并于周四发布了一份科学报告。A. carried搬运； B. did做；C. examined检查、研究；D. left离开。根据空后的“the latest evidence of the recommendation”可知，专家们研究了这一建议的最新证据，故C项正确。
28．考查动词（短语）辨析。句意同上。A. held握；B. gave out分发；C. released发布；D. came out出现。空前一句说专家们研究了这一建议的最新证据，然后在周四发布了一份科学报告，故C项正确。
29．考查介词短语辨析。句意：报告指出，在一些研究中，食用不同种类食物的人通常会吃很多有营养的食物，如鱼、蔬菜和水果。不过，他们也吃很多垃圾食品，比如含糖零食和其他加工食品。A. such as例如（常列举同类人或物中的几个，不能穷尽）；B. for example例如（一般列举同类人或物中的一个）；C. in case万一；D. as long as只要。空后列举了鱼、蔬菜和水果等食物，因此此处用such as，故A项正确。
30．考查连词（副词）词义辨析。句意同上。A. Although尽管；B. Even if即使；C. However然而（空后有逗号）；D. But但是。空前说食用不同种类食物的人通常会吃很多有营养的食物，空后又说他们也吃很多垃圾食品，前后是转折关系，空后有逗号，应该用however，故C项正确。
31．考查形容词（名词）词义辨析。句意同上。A. healthy健康的；B. junk垃圾；C. nutritious有营养的；D. high-fat高脂肪的。空后列举的含糖零食和其他加工食品属于垃圾食品，故B项正确。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多样化的饮食也与更高的卡路里摄入和体重增加有关。A. higher含量高的；B. medium中等的；C. lower含量低的；D. average平均的。根据空后的“calorie intake and weight gain”可知此处指“更高的卡路里摄入量”，故A项正确。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些研究表明，在一顿饭中，更多种类的食物选择可以延缓饱腹感，增加人们吃的食物量。A. narrow狭小的；B. limited有限的；C. deficient不足的；D. wider宽泛的。空前一句说多样化的饮食也与更高的卡路里摄入和体重增加有关，因此此处指“更多种类的食物选择”，与“多样化的饮食”相对应，故D项正确。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. reduce减少；B. digest消化；C. increase增加；D. consume消耗。空前一句说更多种类的食物选择可以延缓饱腹感，从而增加人们吃的食物量，故C项正确。
35．考查介词短语辨析。句意：最近的一些饮食指南建议人们吃各种各样的食物，特别是各种各样的蔬菜。A. in general通常；B. in other words换句话说；C. in short总之；D. in particular尤其、特别是。空前一句说最近的一些饮食指南建议人们吃各种各样的食物，再结合空后的“a variety of vegetables from all of the subgroups”可知此处表示强调，指的是“特别是各种各样的蔬菜”，故D项正确。
36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但奥托博士说，人们应该少担心食物的种类，而应该更多地关注饮食质量，比如只在你的盘子里放上一两种你喜欢的蔬菜。A. more更多；B. less更少；C. higher更高；D. lower更低。根据空后的“and more about diet quality”可知，人们应该少担心食物的种类，而应该更多地关注饮食质量，故B项正确。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上，重要的是你吃的水果、蔬菜、坚果和其他有营养的食物的数量，而不是种类。A. cares关心；B. helps帮助；C. works起作用；D. matters重要、根据空后的“is the amount of fruits, vegetables, nuts and other nutritious food you eat, not the variety.”可知，重要的是你吃的水果、蔬菜、坚果和其他有营养的食物的数量，而不是种类，故D项正确。
【点睛】本篇第9空难度较大，抓住上文所说的大环境的变化是关键，根据空前的“But things may be different considering today's environment 8 food is plentiful.”可知，考虑到当今环境下食物很充足，情况可能会有所不同，这说明由于环境变了，同样的建议可能导致相反的结果，即：美国心脏协会的专家之一奥托博士认为，同样的建议可能导致相反的结果，故A项（opposite）正确。
38．has witnessed 39．to 40．its 41．smoothly 42．regions 43．a 44．training 45．higher 46．who##that 47．endless
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国铁路的发展。
38．考查时态。句意：在过去的30年里，中国见证了铁路工业从制造慢速列车到制造国产高速列车的转变。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语during the past three decades(在过去的30年里)，可知句子的时态为现在完成时，主语为China，根据主谓一致。故填has witnessed。
39．考查介词。句意见上题解析。固定短语from…to…从……到……，故填to。
40．考查代词。句意：1997年，中国首次大幅提高铁路速度。空后为名词，设空处应为形容词的形式修饰名词，故设空处应为形容词性的物主代词。故填its。
41．考查副词。句意：中国制造的高铁不仅在寒冷的天气和沙漠地区运行平稳。设空处应用副词的形式修饰动词operate(运行)，故填smoothly。
42．考查名词。句意见上题解析。设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词的形式，前无冠词修饰，应用名词复数的形式。故填regions。
43．考查冠词。句意：数以百万计的铁路工人为他们的角色感到自豪，因为公司为他们的职业发展提供了一条清晰的道路。设空处后为名词route(路线)，表泛指，应用不定冠词，因空后形容词发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过培训、实际操作和考核，他们可以从布线工人晋升为技术人员、操作人员、专家甚至科学家。设空处在句中作非谓语，前为介词through(通过)，设空处应用动名词的形式。故填training。
45．考查形容词的比较级。句意：随着火车变得更快、更智能，其软件和硬件系统将变得更复杂，因此对铁路工人的日常维护要求更高的技术能力。根据空前的“more complex (更复杂的)”，可知设空处应用比较级的形式。故填higher。
46．考查定语从句的引导词。句意：对于这些拥有精湛工艺的勤奋铁路工人来说，不知疲倦地提高他们的技能以确保列车的安全运行似乎是一生中永无止境的学习曲线。设空处引导定语从句且在句中作指人的主语，先行词为workers，故填who或者that。
47．考查形容词。句意见上题解析。设空处后为名词，设空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词，表示“永无止境的”应用endless。故填endless。
48．transformed
【详解】考查动词。句意：这部电影几乎在一夜之间把她从一个默默无闻的女学生变成了超级明星。根据单词首字母以及“变成”，可知应填动词transform，作谓语，且结合语境可知应用一般过去时。故填transformed。
49．proof
【详解】考查名词。句意：到目前为止，科学家们还没有发现尼斯湖水怪存在的证据。no后接名词，此处作为句子主语，根据首字母提示及句意可知proof“证据”符合语境，由谓语动词has been判断主语为单数。故填proof。
50．blaming
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该航空公司否认对此负责，并将航班延误归咎于恶劣天气。分析句子结构可知，空格部分为非谓语动词，作伴随状语，用现在分词。结合句意和首字母确定应填入blaming。故填blaming。
51．blame
【详解】考查动词。句意：官员们认为，不止一个人应该为火灾负责。根据汉语提示“责怪”可知，空格处应用单词blame，动词词性，“be to blame for…”是固定短语，意为“应该为某事负责任”。故填blame。
52．blame
【详解】考查名词。句意：她似乎把这个严重错误的大部分责任都推到她母亲身上。根据汉语提示词以及前文的冠词“the”可知，该空应填名词blame，blame为不可数名词。故填blame。
53．suspect
【详解】考查名词。句意：他是本案的主要嫌疑人。形容词prime后应接名词，根据汉语提示suspect“犯罪嫌疑人”符合题意，根据主语he判断用单数。故填suspect。
54．frustrated##rustrated
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我非常沮丧，因为我的非常昂贵的显微镜坏了。结合句中汉语及首字母提示，可知此处用形容词frustrated，作表语，故填frustrated。
55．multiple##ultiple
【详解】考查形容词。句意：男孩死于多处受伤，在场的每个人都为他感到难过。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作定语修饰名词“injuries”；根据中英文提示，应为multiple。故填multiple/ultiple。
56．the way they bring up their children
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯一家因养育子女的方式而受到赞扬。for 为介词后接名词 the way，the way 又为定语从句先行词，当 the way为先行词词时关系词为 that/in which或者 that/in which可以省略。定语从句为一般现在时。在根据汉语提示，故填the way they bring up their children。
57．risk of infection
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：用绷带包扎伤口以减少感染的危险。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词短语作宾语，表示“危险”应为用risk，表示“感染”应为infection，表示“……的”应使用“of所有格”形式，所以表示“感染的”应为of infection作定语修饰risk。故填risk of infection。
58．found on the Internet
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它是迄今为止今年在网上发现的最有趣的事情之一。分析句子成分可知，空格处作定语，修饰things，表示“发现”用find，与逻辑主语things是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，表示“在网上”用on the Internet。故填found on the Internet。
【点睛】
59．That was because##This was because ##It was because
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：玛丽开会迟到了，因为她没有赶上公共汽车。题干是because引导的原因状语从句，可转换成That is(was) because句型，从属连词 because引导名词性从句作表语；也可转换成This is(was) because型的表语从句；也可转换成It 作主语的It is(was) because 型的表语从句。全句用一般过去时，句首单词首字母用大写。故答案一是That was because；答案二是This was because；答案三是It was because。
60． That was why##This was why That was because##This was because
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：简路上遇到交通堵塞了，所以她开会迟到了。因为原句的so前后句子为因果关系，故可使用that/this was why+从句；也可以用that/this was because+从句来转换句子。故填that/this was why和that/this was because。
61．I must remind you that everyone’s reaction to the virus vary from person to person, so you need to suit the remedy to the symptom.
【详解】考查动词、宾语从句、名词短语、动词短语、名词。根据句意和句子结构可知，表示“提醒”为动词remind；后接从属连词that引导的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中，表示“每个人对病毒的反应”为名词短语everyone’s reaction to the virus；表示“是因人而异的”应为动词短语vary from person to person；表示“需要做某事”应为动词短语need to do；表示“使某事物适合某事物”应为动词短语suit sth. to sth.；表示“治疗，药品”为名词remedy；表示“症状”为名词symptom。故翻译为I must remind you that everyone’s reaction to the virus vary from person to person, so you need to suit the remedy to the symptom.
62．The reason why he was late this morning was that he was ill.
【详解】考查时态、定语从句、表语从句和形容词。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是发生在过去的事，应用一般过去时，“The reason”表示“原因”，作主语，“why he was late this morning”为“why”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“reason”，“The reason why he was late this morning”表示“他今天早上迟到的原因”，“was”为系动词，后接“that”引导的表语从句，“he was ill”表示“他生病了”，“ill”意为“生病的”，形容词词性。故翻译为The reason why he was late this morning was that he was ill.
63．The question is whether to have enough preparation.
【详解】考查固定短语和句型。此处主语为名词question，为主系表结构；表示“是否”应用whether to；表示“有足够的准备”短语为have enough preparation。为一般现在时。故翻译为The question is whether to have enough preparation.
64．report 65．suggestion 66．importance 67．measure 68．profit 69．aware 70．hunt 71．extinct 72．increase 73．decrease/drop 74．habitat 75．environment 76．wildlife 77．reserve
【解析】64．考查动词。“报道”英文表达为report，故填report。
65．考查名词。“建议”英文表达为suggestion，故填suggestion。
66．考查名词。“重要性”英文表达为importance，故填importance。
67．考查名词。“措施”英文表达为measure，故填measure。
68．考查名词。“利润”英文表达为profit，故填profit。
69．考查形容词。“知道的；有……意识的”英文表达为aware，故填aware。
70．考查动词。“捕猎”英文表达为hunt，故填hunt。
71．考查形容词。“灭绝的”英文表达为extinct，故填extinct。
72．考查动词。“增加”英文表达为increase，故填increase。
73．考查动词。“减少”英文表达为decrease/drop，故填decrease/drop。
74．考查名词。“栖息地”英文表达为habitat，故填habitat。
75．考查名词。“环境”英文表达为environment，故填environment。
76．考查名词。“野生动物”英文表达为wildlife，故填wildlife。
77．考查名词。“保护区”英文表达为reserve，故填reserve。
78．In recent years, audio books have been gaining popularity at an amazing speed. Many users have developed a habit of listening to books, which contributes to the rapid expansion of the audio book market.
There are a variety of reasons accounting for this trend. First, the great convenience brought about by audio books makes them appealing to many people, as they can enjoy books regardless of time, location or noise level. Besides, audio books are easily available because people are allowed to download audio books free online. Moreover, for those with special needs, such as the blind, audio books are fantastic innovation.
Personally, I prefer to read print books. Print books can give you unique experiences that audio books cannot offer. I can read at my own pace, stopping wherever I like to reflect on some enlightening sentences.
Furthermore, it’s much easier to quickly find what I want in a print book-especially something like a dictionary.
In short, print books are still my first choice. (167字)
【导语】本篇书面表达属于读写任务，要求考生用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容，阐述阅读有声读物受欢迎的原因（不少于两点）并联系实际，谈谈自己愿意读传统读物还是有声读物，并简述理由。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
吸引人的：appealing→attractive
此外：besides→in addition
富有启发性的：enlightening→illuminating
总之：in short→in a word
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：There are a variety of reasons accounting for this trend.
拓展句：There are a variety of reasons which account for this trend.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides, audio books are easily available because people are allowed to download audio books free online. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] Print books can give you unique experiences that audio books cannot offer. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句)
79． as if is going to
【详解】考查表语从句和时态。根据句意，第一空应用短语as if，表示“好像”，引导表语从句，第二空应用be going to do sth.，表示“将要做某事”，表示动作即将发生，为一般将来时，从句主语our team是单数，be动词应用is。故填①as if，②is going to。
80．provide a solid foundation for
【详解】考查动词和名词。根据所给中文提示词和英文翻译，可知需翻译部分是“是...的坚实基础”，题干已给主语Respect and friendship，所以谓语动词应用“provide”，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，“坚实基础”作宾语，译为“a solid foundation”，所以应译为“provide a solid foundation for”。故填provide a solid foundation for。
答案第1页，共2页
答案第1页，共2页
一、阅读理解
Here’s a simple question — answer it honestly, because your response could boost the level of pleasure in your daily life, put off dementia (痴呆), and even help you live longer. How many hours did you spend reading last week
Recently, when researcher Mathew P. White and his workmates at the Yale School of Public Health dug into 12 years of information about the reading habits and health of more than 3,600 men and women, a hopeful pattern became known. Book readers who report more than three hours of weekly reading are 23 percent less likely to die than those who read only newspapers or magazines.
To understand why and what each of us can do to get the most out of our words, start by asking the same question the Yale team did. What is it about reading books that increases our brain power while reading newspapers doesn’t
For one, the researchers suggest that chapter books encourage “deep reading”. Unlike, say, looking through a page of headlines, reading a book forces your brain to think creatively and make connections from one chapter to another, and to the outside world. When you make connections, so does your brain. Over time, these neural networks (神经网络) can promote quicker thinking, which provides greater protection against dementia.
Secondly, reading books, especially novels, has been shown to increase empathy (共鸣) and emotional intelligence. Developing social tools such as empathy and emotional intelligence can lead to more (and more positive) human interaction, which in turn can lower stress levels — both of which are proven to help you live longer and healthier.
That’s not to say that magazines, newspapers, and online articles are of no good. Reading anything that fills your mind seems to bring about mental benefits. When it comes to words, addiction is encouraged. Because it pays to increase your word power — today, tomorrow, and for the rest of your life.
1．What does the underlined word “boost” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Remove. B．Reduce. C．Improve. D．Create.
2．How did White carry out the research
A．By experimentation.
B．By direct observation.
C．By interviewing in person.
D．By referring to former facts.
3．In which way does reading books increase our brain power
A．Promoting brain growth.
B．Preventing us from ageing.
C．Keeping us free from stress.
D．Strengthening neural networks.
4．What’s the author’s attitude to reading online articles
A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Uncertain. D．Unconcerned.
The vivid blue color of a new brand of Dutch soda (苏打水) doesn’t come from food coloring: The startup making the product, called Ful, makes the drink with spirulina, a biomass of blue-green algae (藻类).
The founders, who met as students at the Singapore campus of the business school INSEAD, spent months exploring ways to help reduce the carbon footprint of the food system before settling on blue-green microalgae. “What I think particularly caught our imagination was how efficient it is at transforming CO into nutrients,” says Julia Streuli, one of Ful’s three cofounders.
Per kilogram of protein produced, beef has a carbon footprint of around 500 kilograms. But algae quickly take up CO as they grow; the startup shows that in its own production process its spirulina gives a carbon footprint of negative 1.5 kilograms. Algae also don’t need farming land to grow and don’t require fertilizer (肥料) or huge amounts of fresh water.
Beyond protein, it’s a source of nutrients like iron and vitamin C, which can be found in the soda. Still, it isn’t yet widely used. “At first, its flavor and smell could be unappetizing. It didn’t look great either,”Streuli says. “If you tried to pasteurize (巴氏杀菌法消毒) it, which a lot of foods need for longer shelf life, the green color turned to a very unappetizing brown.”
Just before graduation, the founders moved to the Netherlands to begin working with food scientists to deal with the challenges, and developed a patented new way to process the algae to obtain the best-tasting parts. Their new ingredient (成分)“has a little bit of a saltiness, but it doesn’t have the fishy off-taste of spirulina,” she says.
The first limited runs of the new soda were made in a Dutch beer factory. The team is also working on details like packaging; the first production runs were sold in glass bottles, but the company is switching to cans. And a future product will have even more minimal packaging.
For now, the soda is only available in Europe and the U.K., but the brand hopes to expand to the U.S. later.
5．What is special about algae according to Streuli
A．They can be grown here and there.
B．They can recycle CO into nutrients.
C．They contain as much protein as beef.
D．They can change their colors accordingly.
6．What was a challenging problem with the product for the founders
A．It tasted and smelt sick.
B．It was unlikely to be profitable.
C．It went bad quickly on the shelf.
D．It had an unchangeable appearance.
7．What will Ful do next concerning its soda
A．Sell it in glass bottles. B．Produce it in the U.K.
C．Make it in one factory. D．Improve its packaging.
8．What would be the best title for the text
A．Ful’s Blue Soda Gets Its Color From the Sea
B．Ful’s Blue Soda Is Challenging Food Scientists
C．Ful’s Blue Soda Has Changed the Food System
D．Ful’s Blue Soda Has a Wide Appeal on the Market
While facial recognition technology continues to promote many aspects of human life, it’s now being applied to aid the protection of giant pandas, Xinhua News Agency reported on 6 January 2022.
A nature reserve has built an AI-enabled video monitoring system to better protect giant pandas. Installed with 300 infrared (红外线) cameras, the monitoring system helps ensure the health and safety of 110 wild giant pandas there. It was put into operation two years ago, and has captured numerous photos and videos of pandas engaged in activities such as eating, resting and fighting for mates. It provides scientific data to help us grasp pandas’ living conditions and establish conservation strategies. More importantly, it achieves real-time monitoring of the reserve so that we can discern the threats to the wildlife as early as possible.
A recent study found the facial recognition system can automatically recognize various wild animals caught in infrared cameras, allowing researchers to collect data on giant pandas while staying indoors. It’s shown that by equipping the AI-aided system to retain the filed photos of giant pandas, we obtain a 98% success rate for species recognition. Its success rate of recognizing other wild animals can top 80%. In 2021 alone, this monitoring system captured 2, 896 photos of giant pandas and other rare animals and filmed 3,218 seconds of footage, showcasing the reserve’s sound ecological environment as well as a gradual rise in panda population there.
Head of the reserve’s administration, Liu Xingming, said researchers used the system not only to observe the dynamics and health of the giant panda population but also to learn about changes in the natural surroundings of their habitat. “The monitoring system has enabled systematic, scientific, and intelligent conservation of wildlife,” he added. “However, it is expected to be further improved and optimized in the near future.”
9．What does the underlined word “discern” mean in paragraph 2
A．Solve. B．Affect. C．Detect. D．Attach.
10．What can be inferred about the new technology from the study
A．It contributes to species data collection. B．It makes panda population rise rapidly.
C．It precisely recognizes any species. D．It understands pandas’ facial appearance.
11．What is Liu Xingming’s attitude to the facial recognition monitoring system
A．Critical. B．Ambiguous.
C．Objective. D．Conservative.
12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Panda Facial Recognition Using Database
B．AI Technology for Better Panda Protection
C．Functions of Facial Recognition Technology
D．A Breakthrough in Video Monitoring System
二、七选五
Four Rules for Successful Plant Cloning
Plant growers have two choices when it comes to starting new plants: growing from seed, or plant cloning. And plant clones offer advantages that growing plants from seed can’t offer. Growing from clones, you’re sure to have all females, and as long as you do the cloning yourself, you know who the mother plant is and how your clones will grow, yield, and get you high. ___13___.
Take your plant cuttings from a healthy mother plant
Plant cloning gives you genetic copies of your mother plant. ___14___, your clones get the best start possibly. Avoid using mother plants that are sick, or that are plagued with pests.
___15___
Most plant clones prefer temperatures slightly higher than your ideal grow room temperature, and they don’t like a day and night cycle with a temperature drop at night. That’s why most growers root their cuttings under lighting that stays on 24 hours a day. The lighting itself creates temperature stabilization. Temperatures between 74 — 77 degrees Fahrenheit are the range you want.
Clones like high humidity
Your cuttings need a humid environment in the 75 — 95% humidity range until they’ve created roots and are able to intake water through them. That’s why many plant cloners use humidity covers. You need to wait your clones have functioning roots. ___16___, they’ll die.
Use sterile equipment and materials
You already figured out that your scissors, knife or other tools for cutting clones has to be clean. But you also want to make sure you trays, cloning covers, and root zone media are clean and sterile too. ___17___. Start fresh every time.
When you follow these plant cloning tips, your clone success rate should be nearly 100%.
A．If they’re in dry air
B．Use kind LED lighting
C．Give your plant clones consistent climate
D．But it’s an art and science to plant cloning
E．Don’t reuse cloning cubes or cloning powders and gels
F．If you’re taking 20 clones and seeing only 10 of them survive
G．If your mother plants are strong, healthy, and have potent genetics
三、完形填空
People in the US have been encouraged for decades to eat various kinds of food, as the variety of food helps to___18___that they keep a___19___with enough nutrition. But this week a group of nutrition experts said that longstanding___20___might be out of date.
The advice to___21___different kinds of food has been included in the government's Dietary Guidelines for Americans美国居民膳食指南》) for quite some time. It is___22___based on___23___studies of low-income populations. The studies claimed that consuming various kinds of food could help___24___deficiencies(缺乏) of nutrition.
But things may be different considering today's environment___25___food is plentiful. That same advice could lead to a(n)___26___consequence, argued Dr Otto, one of the experts with the American Heart Association.
Experts____27____the latest evidence of the recommendation, and____28____a scientific report on Thursday. The report stated that in some studies, people who consume a wide range of food usually eat many nutritious food____29____fish, vegetables and fruits.____30____they also eat many____31____food, like sugared snacks and other processed food.
Greater dietary variety is also associated with a(n)____32____calorie intake and weight gain.Some studies show that a____33____variety of food choices in any given meal could delay fullness and____34____the amount of food people eat. Some recent dietary guidelines recommend that people eat"a variety of food", and____35____“ a variety of vegetables from all of the subgroups”.
But Dr Otto said people should worry____36____about variety and more about diet quality,such as filling half your plate with only one or two vegetables you like. Actually, what____37____is the amount of fruits, vegetables, nuts and other nutritious food you eat, not the variety.
18．A．ensure B．make C．provide D．prove
19．A．dish B．meal C．diet D．food
20．A．decision B．research C．recommendation D．study
21．A．cook B．consume C．find D．take
22．A．rarely B．nearly C．hardly D．largely
23．A．recent B．latest C．previous D．scientific
24．A．cure B．stop C．protect D．prevent
25．A．why B．where C．when D．what
26．A．opposite B．positive C．same D．convincing
27．A．carried B．did C．examined D．left
28．A．held B．gave out C．released D．came out
29．A．such as B．for example C．in case D．as long as
30．A．Although B．Even if C．However D．But
31．A．healthy B．junk C．nutritious D．high-fat
32．A．higher B．medium C．lower D．average
33．A．narrow B．limited C．deficient D．wider
34．A．reduce B．digest C．increase D．consume
35．A．in general B．in other words C．in short D．in particular
36．A．more B．less C．higher D．lower
37．A．cares B．helps C．works D．matters
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,答案写在答题卡上。
During the past three decades,China____38____ (witness)the railway industry’s transformation from making slow trains ____39____ making domestically manufactured high-speed trains
In 1997,China started ____40____ (it)first significant railway speed increase. Since then, the country’s high-speed rail technology has continued to achieve breakthroughs250 km/h to 350 km/h and then to 400 km/h.Made-in-China high-speed trains not only operate ____41____ (smooth) in freezing weather and desert____42____ (region),but they also come with driverless technology Millions of railway workers take pride in their roles as the company provides____43____ clear route for their professional advancement.Through____44____ (train), practical operation and assessment, they can move up as a wiring worker to a technician, an operator an expert and even a scientist
As trains become faster and more intelligent, their software and hardware systems will become more complex thus requiring____45____ (high)technical competence for daily maintenance by railway workers. For these diligent railway workers____46____ have skilled craftsmanship, improving their skills tirelessly to ensure safe operation of the trains seems like an ____47____ (end)learning curve throughout life.
五、根据首字母填写单词
48．The movie t__________her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a super star. （根据首字母单词拼写）
49．So far, no p________ for the existence of Nessie has been found by scientists. (根据首字母填空)
50．The airline denied responsibility, b________ bad weather for the flight delay. (根据首字母单词拼写)
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
51．Officials believe that more than one person is to ________ (责怪) for the fire. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
52．She seemed to be placing most of the __________ (责备) on her mother for the serious mistake. （根据汉语意思填空）
53．He is the prime________ (犯罪嫌疑人)in the case. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
54．I got quite f_______ (懊恼的) because my microscope which was very expensive broke down.(根据中英文提示填空)
55．The boy died of m_____________(数量多的) injuries, and everyone here felt sad for him. (根据中英文提示填空)
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
56．The Smiths are praised for ________________（他们抚养孩子的方式）.（根据汉语意思完成句子）
57．Bandage the wound to reduce the ________ (感染的危险). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
58．It is one of the funniest things _________（在网上发现的） so far this year. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
九、句型转换
59．Mary was late for the meeting because she didn’t catch the bus. (同义句转换)
→Mary was late for the meeting. ___________she didn’t catch the bus.
60．Jane was caught in a traffic jam, so she was late for the meeting. (同义句转换)
Jane was caught in a traffic jam. __________________ she was late for the meeting.
Jane was late for the meeting. __________________ she was caught in a traffic jam.
十、汉译英（整句）
61．我必须提醒你每个人对病毒的反应是因人而异的，因此需要对症(symptom)下药。（vary）（汉译英）
62．他今天早上迟到的原因是他生病了。（why引导的定语从句）（汉译英）
63．问题是是否有足够的准备。（汉译英）
十一、汉译英（单词/短语）
汉译英
64．________v. 报道
65．________n. 建议
66．________n. 重要性
67．________n. 措施
68．________n. 利润
69．________adj. 知道的；有……意识的
70．________v. 捕猎
71．________adj. 灭绝的
72．________v. 增加
73．________v. 减少
74．________n. 栖息地
75．________n. 环境
76．________n. 野生动物
77．________n. 保护区
十二、读写任务
78．请认真阅读下面有关“有声读物”（audio books）的图表及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
An audio book is a recording of a text being read. Audio books are considered a valuable tool. Digital innovation isn’t just changing the way audio books are created, packaged and sold. It’s starting to reshape the way readers consume literature.
Like many young people, Tony Chou, a 25-year-old software engineer in Shanghai, never used to read much. He barely cracked a book in college and would read one or two a year on vacation, at most. But in the past year, he’s finished 10 books. He listens to audio in pieces throughout the day on his iPhone during his morning workout, on his 20-minute-trip to work, and while he’s cooking dinner or cleaning up. Before he falls asleep, he switches to an e-book of the same story on his Kindle, and starts reading right where the narrator left off.
【写作内容】
1.用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2.阅读有声读物受欢迎的原因（不少于两点）；
3.联系实际，谈谈你愿意读传统读物还是有声读物，并简述理由。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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十三、完成句子
79．It looks ________ our team ________ win the game.
看起来好像我们队要赢得比赛了。
80．尊重和友谊是婚姻的坚实基础。
Respect and friendship________marriage.
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阅读书籍与只读报纸或杂志相比，可以提高快乐的程度，推迟老年痴呆症，甚至帮助人活得更长，更有益于人的大脑健康和身体健康。
1．词句猜测题。由文章第一段 “How many hours did you spend reading last week (上周你花了多少小时阅读？)”可知，上文所指的simple question指的是“上周你花了多少小时阅读？”再结合“put off dementia, and even help you live longer(推迟痴呆症，甚至帮助你活得更长)”可知，下划线词与二者成并列关系，说明下划线词应该也是含褒义的词，即“提高”你日常生活中快乐的水平。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Recently, when researcher Mathew P. White and his workmates at the Yale School of Public Health dug into 12 years of information about the reading habits and health of more than 3,600 men and women, a hopeful pattern became known. Book readers who report more than three hours of weekly reading are 23 percent less likely to die than those who read only newspapers or magazines.(最近，耶鲁大学公共卫生学院的研究员Mathew P. White和他的同事们对3600多名男性和女性长达12年的阅读习惯和健康信息进行了深入研究，发现了一个有希望的模式。与只读报纸或杂志的人相比，每周阅读超过3小时的书籍读者死亡的可能性要低23%)”可知，Mathew P. White是通过对3600多名男性和女性长达12年的阅读习惯和健康信息进行了深入研究，参考此前这期间的数据（事实）来进行这项研究的。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。由文章第四段“When you make connections, so does your brain. Over time, these neural networks (神经网络) can promote quicker thinking, which provides greater protection against dementia.(当你建立连接时，你的大脑也会。随着时间的推移，这些神经网络可以促进更快的思考，从而为预防痴呆症提供更好的保护)”可知，阅读书籍可以通过增强神经网络，促进大脑更快的思考。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“That’s not to say that magazines, newspapers, and online articles are of no good. Reading anything that fills your mind seems to bring about mental benefits. When it comes to words, addiction is encouraged. Because it pays to increase your word power — today, tomorrow, and for the rest of your life.(这并不是说杂志、报纸和网络文章都不好。阅读任何充满你大脑的东西似乎会带来精神上的好处。谈及文字（语言），上瘾是被鼓励的。因为提高你的文字（语言）能力是有回报的——对于今天，明天，以及你的余生来说)”可知，作者对阅读网络电子文章持支持态度。故选B项。
5．B 6．A 7．D 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了使用海洋藻类生产的一款环保苏打水以及该产品目前面临的困境和未来的发展方向。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Julia Streuli所说的话“What I think particularly caught our imagination was how efficient it is at transforming CO into nutrients.(我认为，特别吸引我们想象力的是，它将CO 转化为营养物质的效率)”可知，algae的特别之处在于它能将CO 有效转换成为营养物质。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“At first its flavor and smell could be unappetizing. It didn’t look great either.(一开始，它的味道和气味可能会让人没胃口，看起来也不太好)”可知，这种饮料的味道和气味不是很好。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“the first production runs were sold in glass bottles, but the company is switching to cans And a future product will have even more minimal package.(第一批产品是玻璃瓶，但该公司正在转向罐装，未来的产品将有更小的包装)”可知，第一批产品的外包装从玻璃瓶到罐装，以及未来转向更小的包装。由此推知，Ful未来关注的是产品的外包装。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The vivid blue color of a new brandof Dutch soda doesn’t come from food coloring: The startup making the product called Ful, makes the drink with spirulina a biomass of blue-green algae.(荷兰一款新品牌苏打水的鲜艳蓝色并非来自食用色素：生产这款产品的初创公司富尔(Ful)用蓝藻(一种蓝绿色藻类的生物质)制成了这种饮料)”可知，本文介绍了了使用海洋藻类生产的一款环保苏打水，而Ful’s blue soda最特别之处就是它的颜色及来源与其他苏打水不同。A项“Ful的蓝色苏打水的颜色来自大海”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选A项。
9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一种新的面部识别监控技术，这种技术可以应用于野生动物数据收集，帮助更好地保护野生动物。
9．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“More importantly, it achieves real-time monitoring of the reserve so that we can discern the threats to the wildlife as early as possible.(更重要的是，它实现了对保护区的实时监控，使我们能够尽早发现对野生动物的威胁。)”可知，前面it achieves real-time monitoring of the reserve提到实现了对保护区的实时监控，后面又说可以尽早discern对野生动物的威胁。由此可推知，实时监控可以帮助尽早“发现”对野生动物的威胁，discern词义与“发现”相近。A. Solve解决；B. Affect影响；C. Detect监测、察觉；D. Attach连接、系上。四个选项中，只有C项与discern(看出、察觉出)含义相近。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“It was put into operation two years ago, and has captured numerous photos and videos of pandas engaged in activities such as eating, resting and fighting for mates. It provides scientific data to help us grasp pandas’ living conditions and establish conservation strategies.(它于两年前投入使用，并拍摄了大量大熊猫进食、休息和争夺配偶等活动的照片和视频。它为帮助我们掌握大熊猫的生存状况、制定保护策略提供了科学依据)”可知，新技术拍摄了大量大熊猫进食、休息和争夺配偶等活动的照片和视频，这种技术为我们掌握大熊猫的生存状况、制定保护策略提供了科学依据。由此可推知，新技术有助于物种数据的收集。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““The monitoring system has enabled systematic, scientific, and intelligent conservation of wildlife,” he added. “However, it is expected to be further improved and optimized in the near future.”(他补充说：“监测系统实现了对野生动物的系统、科学和智能保护。不过，在不久的将来，它有望得到进一步的改进和优化。”)”可知，Liu Xingming认为监测系统实现了对野生动物的系统、科学和智能保护，不过在不久的将来，监测系统有望得到进一步的改进和优化。由此可推知，Liu Xingming对监测系统的态度是比较客观的。故选C项。
12．主旨大意题。阅读文章可知，文章开篇就提出了面部识别技术应用于大熊猫保护，第二、三段介绍了监测系统和面部识别技术的相关工作原理和作用；最后一段提到了使用该技术的目的以及未来发展。由此可知，本文主要介绍了用于保护大熊猫的人工智能技术，这种技术能更好地保护大熊猫。B项“AI Technology for Better Panda Protection(能更好地保护熊猫的人工智能技术)”最能概括本文内容。故选B项。
13．D 14．G 15．C 16．A 17．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了成功克隆植物的四个规则。
13．根据上文“Growing from clones, you’re sure to have all females, and as long as you do the cloning yourself, you know who the mother plant is and how your clones will grow, yield, and get you high. (从克隆植物中生长，你肯定会有所有的雌性植物，只要你自己做克隆，你就知道母株是谁，你的克隆植物将如何生长、长成作物，让你兴奋。)”可知，看着自己亲自进行克隆植物会是件令人兴奋的事，D项“But it’s an art and science to plant cloning. (但克隆植物是一门艺术和科学)”，D项与上文之间为转折关系，且有启下的作用，引出下文的四个成功克隆植物的规则，语意顺畅。故选D项。
14．本段主题句“Take your plant cuttings from a healthy mother plant (从健康的植物母株上取下插枝)”，关键词为mother plant，上文“Plant cloning gives you genetic copies of your mother plant. (植物克隆为您提供母株的基因复制)”可知，植物母株对植物克隆会有遗传影响，联系主题句可知，母株健康，克隆产物才有可能健康；后一句“your clones get the best start possibly (你的克隆可能会有一个最好的开始)”可知，这个好的开始必然是有一个好的先提条件；G项“If your mother plants are strong, healthy, and have potent genetics (如果你的植物母株强壮、健康、有强大的基因)”，故G项与下文为条件关系，对上文信息作出了具体的解释。故选G项。
15．考查主题句。本段第一句“Most plant clones prefer temperatures slightly higher than your ideal grow room temperature, and they don’t like a day and night cycle with a temperature drop at night. (大多数植物克隆体喜欢比理想生长温度略高的温度，它们不喜欢白天和晚上的温度下降周期。)”，根据其中的关键词temperatures可知，本段与克隆植物所需的适宜的稳定的温度有关，最后两句“The lighting itself creates temperature stabilization. Temperatures between 74—77 degrees Fahrenheit are the range you want.(照明本身创造了温度稳定。74-77华氏度是你想要的温度范围。)”可知，克隆植物最理想的温度条件为稳定的74-77华氏度。C项“Give your plant clones consistent climate (给你的克隆植物稳定的气候)”符合题意。故选C项。
16．本段主题句“Clones like high humidity (克隆植物喜欢高湿度)”说明了克隆植物的湿度要求，根据下文“they’ll die (他们就会死)”可知，达不到湿度条件,克隆植物会死；A项“If they’re in dry air (如果它们在干燥的空气中)”，说明了湿度不够，空气干燥，会导致克隆植物死掉，A项与下文为条件关系。故选A项。
17．本段主题句“Use sterile equipment and materials (使用无菌设备和材料)”说明了克隆植物时的容器、相关材料的要求。上文“You already figured out that your scissors, knife or other tools for cutting clones has to be clean. But you also want to make sure you trays, cloning covers, and root zone media are clean and sterile too. (你已经知道你的剪刀、刀或其他用于切割克隆植物体的工具必须是干净的。但是你也要确保你的托盘，克隆覆盖，和根区介质是干净和无菌的。)”，上文列举了对部分材料的要求；E项“Don’t reuse cloning cubes or cloning powders and gels (不要重复使用克隆方块或克隆粉末和凝胶)”，E项承接上文，话题一致，下文“Start fresh every time. (每次都用新的)”，为总结句，呼应主题句。故选E项。
18．A 19．C 20．C 21．B 22．D 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．A 27．C 28．C 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．D 36．B 37．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了专家通过研究发现长期以来美国政府一直鼓励人们吃各种各样的食物以确保饮食中有足够的营养这条建议在当今社会可能会适得其反，同时指出人们应该少担心食物的种类，而应该更多地关注饮食质量，因为真正重要的是你吃的有营养的食物的数量，而不是种类。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几十年来，美国人一直被鼓励吃各种各样的食物，因为食物的多样性有助于确保他们的饮食有足够的营养。A. ensure确保；B. make使、让；C. provide提供；D. prove证明。空前一句说美国人一直被鼓励吃各种各样的食物，此处解释原因——食物的多样性有助于确保他们的饮食有足够的营养，故A项正确。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. dish菜肴；B. meal餐；C. diet饮食；D. food食物。空前一句说美国人一直被鼓励吃各种各样的食物，自然是希望以此确保他们的日常饮食有足够的营养，故C项正确。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但本周，一组营养专家表示，这条长期以来的建议可能已经过时了。A. decision决定；B. research调查；C. recommendation建议；D. study学习。文章第一句说几十年来，美国人一直被鼓励吃各种各样的食物，这是政府给人们的一条饮食建议，下一段第一句话中的“advice”也是提示，故C项正确。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在相当长的一段时间内，政府为美国人制定的饮食指南中包含了食用不同种类食物的建议。A. cook烹饪；B. consume消耗、食用；C. find发现；D. take拿、取。文章第一句说几十年来，美国人一直被鼓励吃各种各样的食物，因此此处指“食用不同种类的食物”，故B项正确。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这主要是基于以前对低收入人群的研究。A. rarely极少地； B. nearly将近；C. hardly几乎不；D. largely很大程度上、主要。空前一句说在相当长的一段时间内，政府为美国人制定的饮食指南中包含了食用不同种类食物的建议，此处解释原因——这主要是基于以前对低收入人群的研究，故D项正确。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. recent近来的；B. latest最新的；C. previous以前的、早先的；D. scientific科学的。空前一句说政府为美国人制定的饮食指南中包含了食用不同种类食物的建议已经有很长一段时间了，这样的建议主要是基于以前对低收入人群的研究，故C项正确。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，食用各种食物有助于防止营养不足。A. cure治愈；B. stop停止；C. protect保护；D. prevent防止。根据空后的“deficiencies of nutrition”可知，食用不同种类的食物有助于防止营养不足，故D项正确。
25．考查定语从句。句意：但考虑到当今环境下食物很充足，情况可能会有所不同。此处为定语从句，关系词指代先行词environment（抽象地点）并在从句中作地点状语，所以用where来引导，故B项正确。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国心脏协会的专家之一奥托博士认为，同样的建议可能导致相反的结果。A. opposite相反的；B. positive积极的；C. same相同的；D. convincing有说服力的。空前一句说考虑到当今环境下食物很充足，情况可能会有所不同，这说明由于环境变了，同样的建议可能导致相反的结果，故A项正确。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：专家们研究了这一建议的最新证据，并于周四发布了一份科学报告。A. carried搬运； B. did做；C. examined检查、研究；D. left离开。根据空后的“the latest evidence of the recommendation”可知，专家们研究了这一建议的最新证据，故C项正确。
28．考查动词（短语）辨析。句意同上。A. held握；B. gave out分发；C. released发布；D. came out出现。空前一句说专家们研究了这一建议的最新证据，然后在周四发布了一份科学报告，故C项正确。
29．考查介词短语辨析。句意：报告指出，在一些研究中，食用不同种类食物的人通常会吃很多有营养的食物，如鱼、蔬菜和水果。不过，他们也吃很多垃圾食品，比如含糖零食和其他加工食品。A. such as例如（常列举同类人或物中的几个，不能穷尽）；B. for example例如（一般列举同类人或物中的一个）；C. in case万一；D. as long as只要。空后列举了鱼、蔬菜和水果等食物，因此此处用such as，故A项正确。
30．考查连词（副词）词义辨析。句意同上。A. Although尽管；B. Even if即使；C. However然而（空后有逗号）；D. But但是。空前说食用不同种类食物的人通常会吃很多有营养的食物，空后又说他们也吃很多垃圾食品，前后是转折关系，空后有逗号，应该用however，故C项正确。
31．考查形容词（名词）词义辨析。句意同上。A. healthy健康的；B. junk垃圾；C. nutritious有营养的；D. high-fat高脂肪的。空后列举的含糖零食和其他加工食品属于垃圾食品，故B项正确。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多样化的饮食也与更高的卡路里摄入和体重增加有关。A. higher含量高的；B. medium中等的；C. lower含量低的；D. average平均的。根据空后的“calorie intake and weight gain”可知此处指“更高的卡路里摄入量”，故A项正确。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些研究表明，在一顿饭中，更多种类的食物选择可以延缓饱腹感，增加人们吃的食物量。A. narrow狭小的；B. limited有限的；C. deficient不足的；D. wider宽泛的。空前一句说多样化的饮食也与更高的卡路里摄入和体重增加有关，因此此处指“更多种类的食物选择”，与“多样化的饮食”相对应，故D项正确。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. reduce减少；B. digest消化；C. increase增加；D. consume消耗。空前一句说更多种类的食物选择可以延缓饱腹感，从而增加人们吃的食物量，故C项正确。
35．考查介词短语辨析。句意：最近的一些饮食指南建议人们吃各种各样的食物，特别是各种各样的蔬菜。A. in general通常；B. in other words换句话说；C. in short总之；D. in particular尤其、特别是。空前一句说最近的一些饮食指南建议人们吃各种各样的食物，再结合空后的“a variety of vegetables from all of the subgroups”可知此处表示强调，指的是“特别是各种各样的蔬菜”，故D项正确。
36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但奥托博士说，人们应该少担心食物的种类，而应该更多地关注饮食质量，比如只在你的盘子里放上一两种你喜欢的蔬菜。A. more更多；B. less更少；C. higher更高；D. lower更低。根据空后的“and more about diet quality”可知，人们应该少担心食物的种类，而应该更多地关注饮食质量，故B项正确。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上，重要的是你吃的水果、蔬菜、坚果和其他有营养的食物的数量，而不是种类。A. cares关心；B. helps帮助；C. works起作用；D. matters重要、根据空后的“is the amount of fruits, vegetables, nuts and other nutritious food you eat, not the variety.”可知，重要的是你吃的水果、蔬菜、坚果和其他有营养的食物的数量，而不是种类，故D项正确。
【点睛】本篇第9空难度较大，抓住上文所说的大环境的变化是关键，根据空前的“But things may be different considering today's environment 8 food is plentiful.”可知，考虑到当今环境下食物很充足，情况可能会有所不同，这说明由于环境变了，同样的建议可能导致相反的结果，即：美国心脏协会的专家之一奥托博士认为，同样的建议可能导致相反的结果，故A项（opposite）正确。
38．has witnessed 39．to 40．its 41．smoothly 42．regions 43．a 44．training 45．higher 46．who##that 47．endless
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国铁路的发展。
38．考查时态。句意：在过去的30年里，中国见证了铁路工业从制造慢速列车到制造国产高速列车的转变。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语during the past three decades(在过去的30年里)，可知句子的时态为现在完成时，主语为China，根据主谓一致。故填has witnessed。
39．考查介词。句意见上题解析。固定短语from…to…从……到……，故填to。
40．考查代词。句意：1997年，中国首次大幅提高铁路速度。空后为名词，设空处应为形容词的形式修饰名词，故设空处应为形容词性的物主代词。故填its。
41．考查副词。句意：中国制造的高铁不仅在寒冷的天气和沙漠地区运行平稳。设空处应用副词的形式修饰动词operate(运行)，故填smoothly。
42．考查名词。句意见上题解析。设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词的形式，前无冠词修饰，应用名词复数的形式。故填regions。
43．考查冠词。句意：数以百万计的铁路工人为他们的角色感到自豪，因为公司为他们的职业发展提供了一条清晰的道路。设空处后为名词route(路线)，表泛指，应用不定冠词，因空后形容词发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过培训、实际操作和考核，他们可以从布线工人晋升为技术人员、操作人员、专家甚至科学家。设空处在句中作非谓语，前为介词through(通过)，设空处应用动名词的形式。故填training。
45．考查形容词的比较级。句意：随着火车变得更快、更智能，其软件和硬件系统将变得更复杂，因此对铁路工人的日常维护要求更高的技术能力。根据空前的“more complex (更复杂的)”，可知设空处应用比较级的形式。故填higher。
46．考查定语从句的引导词。句意：对于这些拥有精湛工艺的勤奋铁路工人来说，不知疲倦地提高他们的技能以确保列车的安全运行似乎是一生中永无止境的学习曲线。设空处引导定语从句且在句中作指人的主语，先行词为workers，故填who或者that。
47．考查形容词。句意见上题解析。设空处后为名词，设空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词，表示“永无止境的”应用endless。故填endless。
48．transformed
【详解】考查动词。句意：这部电影几乎在一夜之间把她从一个默默无闻的女学生变成了超级明星。根据单词首字母以及“变成”，可知应填动词transform，作谓语，且结合语境可知应用一般过去时。故填transformed。
49．proof
【详解】考查名词。句意：到目前为止，科学家们还没有发现尼斯湖水怪存在的证据。no后接名词，此处作为句子主语，根据首字母提示及句意可知proof“证据”符合语境，由谓语动词has been判断主语为单数。故填proof。
50．blaming
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该航空公司否认对此负责，并将航班延误归咎于恶劣天气。分析句子结构可知，空格部分为非谓语动词，作伴随状语，用现在分词。结合句意和首字母确定应填入blaming。故填blaming。
51．blame
【详解】考查动词。句意：官员们认为，不止一个人应该为火灾负责。根据汉语提示“责怪”可知，空格处应用单词blame，动词词性，“be to blame for…”是固定短语，意为“应该为某事负责任”。故填blame。
52．blame
【详解】考查名词。句意：她似乎把这个严重错误的大部分责任都推到她母亲身上。根据汉语提示词以及前文的冠词“the”可知，该空应填名词blame，blame为不可数名词。故填blame。
53．suspect
【详解】考查名词。句意：他是本案的主要嫌疑人。形容词prime后应接名词，根据汉语提示suspect“犯罪嫌疑人”符合题意，根据主语he判断用单数。故填suspect。
54．frustrated##rustrated
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我非常沮丧，因为我的非常昂贵的显微镜坏了。结合句中汉语及首字母提示，可知此处用形容词frustrated，作表语，故填frustrated。
55．multiple##ultiple
【详解】考查形容词。句意：男孩死于多处受伤，在场的每个人都为他感到难过。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作定语修饰名词“injuries”；根据中英文提示，应为multiple。故填multiple/ultiple。
56．the way they bring up their children
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯一家因养育子女的方式而受到赞扬。for 为介词后接名词 the way，the way 又为定语从句先行词，当 the way为先行词词时关系词为 that/in which或者 that/in which可以省略。定语从句为一般现在时。在根据汉语提示，故填the way they bring up their children。
57．risk of infection
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：用绷带包扎伤口以减少感染的危险。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词短语作宾语，表示“危险”应为用risk，表示“感染”应为infection，表示“……的”应使用“of所有格”形式，所以表示“感染的”应为of infection作定语修饰risk。故填risk of infection。
58．found on the Internet
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它是迄今为止今年在网上发现的最有趣的事情之一。分析句子成分可知，空格处作定语，修饰things，表示“发现”用find，与逻辑主语things是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，表示“在网上”用on the Internet。故填found on the Internet。
【点睛】
59．That was because##This was because ##It was because
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：玛丽开会迟到了，因为她没有赶上公共汽车。题干是because引导的原因状语从句，可转换成That is(was) because句型，从属连词 because引导名词性从句作表语；也可转换成This is(was) because型的表语从句；也可转换成It 作主语的It is(was) because 型的表语从句。全句用一般过去时，句首单词首字母用大写。故答案一是That was because；答案二是This was because；答案三是It was because。
60． That was why##This was why That was because##This was because
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：简路上遇到交通堵塞了，所以她开会迟到了。因为原句的so前后句子为因果关系，故可使用that/this was why+从句；也可以用that/this was because+从句来转换句子。故填that/this was why和that/this was because。
61．I must remind you that everyone’s reaction to the virus vary from person to person, so you need to suit the remedy to the symptom.
【详解】考查动词、宾语从句、名词短语、动词短语、名词。根据句意和句子结构可知，表示“提醒”为动词remind；后接从属连词that引导的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中，表示“每个人对病毒的反应”为名词短语everyone’s reaction to the virus；表示“是因人而异的”应为动词短语vary from person to person；表示“需要做某事”应为动词短语need to do；表示“使某事物适合某事物”应为动词短语suit sth. to sth.；表示“治疗，药品”为名词remedy；表示“症状”为名词symptom。故翻译为I must remind you that everyone’s reaction to the virus vary from person to person, so you need to suit the remedy to the symptom.
62．The reason why he was late this morning was that he was ill.
【详解】考查时态、定语从句、表语从句和形容词。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是发生在过去的事，应用一般过去时，“The reason”表示“原因”，作主语，“why he was late this morning”为“why”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“reason”，“The reason why he was late this morning”表示“他今天早上迟到的原因”，“was”为系动词，后接“that”引导的表语从句，“he was ill”表示“他生病了”，“ill”意为“生病的”，形容词词性。故翻译为The reason why he was late this morning was that he was ill.
63．The question is whether to have enough preparation.
【详解】考查固定短语和句型。此处主语为名词question，为主系表结构；表示“是否”应用whether to；表示“有足够的准备”短语为have enough preparation。为一般现在时。故翻译为The question is whether to have enough preparation.
64．report 65．suggestion 66．importance 67．measure 68．profit 69．aware 70．hunt 71．extinct 72．increase 73．decrease/drop 74．habitat 75．environment 76．wildlife 77．reserve
【解析】64．考查动词。“报道”英文表达为report，故填report。
65．考查名词。“建议”英文表达为suggestion，故填suggestion。
66．考查名词。“重要性”英文表达为importance，故填importance。
67．考查名词。“措施”英文表达为measure，故填measure。
68．考查名词。“利润”英文表达为profit，故填profit。
69．考查形容词。“知道的；有……意识的”英文表达为aware，故填aware。
70．考查动词。“捕猎”英文表达为hunt，故填hunt。
71．考查形容词。“灭绝的”英文表达为extinct，故填extinct。
72．考查动词。“增加”英文表达为increase，故填increase。
73．考查动词。“减少”英文表达为decrease/drop，故填decrease/drop。
74．考查名词。“栖息地”英文表达为habitat，故填habitat。
75．考查名词。“环境”英文表达为environment，故填environment。
76．考查名词。“野生动物”英文表达为wildlife，故填wildlife。
77．考查名词。“保护区”英文表达为reserve，故填reserve。
78．In recent years, audio books have been gaining popularity at an amazing speed. Many users have developed a habit of listening to books, which contributes to the rapid expansion of the audio book market.
There are a variety of reasons accounting for this trend. First, the great convenience brought about by audio books makes them appealing to many people, as they can enjoy books regardless of time, location or noise level. Besides, audio books are easily available because people are allowed to download audio books free online. Moreover, for those with special needs, such as the blind, audio books are fantastic innovation.
Personally, I prefer to read print books. Print books can give you unique experiences that audio books cannot offer. I can read at my own pace, stopping wherever I like to reflect on some enlightening sentences.
Furthermore, it’s much easier to quickly find what I want in a print book-especially something like a dictionary.
In short, print books are still my first choice. (167字)
【导语】本篇书面表达属于读写任务，要求考生用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容，阐述阅读有声读物受欢迎的原因（不少于两点）并联系实际，谈谈自己愿意读传统读物还是有声读物，并简述理由。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
吸引人的：appealing→attractive
此外：besides→in addition
富有启发性的：enlightening→illuminating
总之：in short→in a word
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：There are a variety of reasons accounting for this trend.
拓展句：There are a variety of reasons which account for this trend.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides, audio books are easily available because people are allowed to download audio books free online. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] Print books can give you unique experiences that audio books cannot offer. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句)
79． as if is going to
【详解】考查表语从句和时态。根据句意，第一空应用短语as if，表示“好像”，引导表语从句，第二空应用be going to do sth.，表示“将要做某事”，表示动作即将发生，为一般将来时，从句主语our team是单数，be动词应用is。故填①as if，②is going to。
80．provide a solid foundation for
【详解】考查动词和名词。根据所给中文提示词和英文翻译，可知需翻译部分是“是...的坚实基础”，题干已给主语Respect and friendship，所以谓语动词应用“provide”，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，“坚实基础”作宾语，译为“a solid foundation”，所以应译为“provide a solid foundation for”。故填provide a solid foundation for。
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