人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture 综合测试（含解析）
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Unit 3 Food and Culture 综合测试
一、阅读理解
A Harvard nutritionist shares 4 brain foods that will help your kids stay “sharp and focused”.
Homemade hummus
Legumes (豆类) are healthy, plant-based sources of iron, zinc, protein, omega-3s and fiber, benefitting brain development. Homemade hummus is a good way to include legumes into your child’s diet. It can be served in so many ways, such as a dip paired with apple slices, carrot sticks or sugar snap peas. Adding some color to your hummus can make it more appealing to kids. Think: a bright orange carrot hummus topped with a monster face made out of vegetables.
Salmon
Introducing your child to fish at a young age can increase their likelihood of enjoying it and eating low-fat, vitamin-rich proteins for the rest of their life. Salmon is soft and mild enough for young children, and is also a good source of vitamin B12 and omega-3s, which promote healthy brain development and happier moods.
Eggs
Whole eggs are an excellent source of brain-boosting vitamins A, D and B12, along with choline (胆碱). Choline is especially important for young children, as it has been shown to improve brain development and long-term memory. One study found that pastured eggs can have twice as much vitamin E and almost three times as many omega-3s as caged eggs.
Meatballs
Add some powerful plant-based fiber and nutritious vegetables to your child’s diet through meatballs. Start with a base of beans or ground turkey. Then add grated celery and flax seeds full of omega-3s. Of course, don’t forget your favourite spices. Cook and serve.
1．Which food can enhance brain development and happier moods
A．Homemade hummus. B．Salmon. C．Eggs. D．Meatballs.
2．What do these four foods have in common
A．They all have plant fibers. B．They all have low fat.
C．They all have vitamin B12. D．They all have omega-3s.
3．Who is this passage targeted at
A．Those who want to lose weight.
B．Those who desire to put on weight.
C．Those who intend their kids to be more focused.
D．Those who expect their students to be more hard-working.
Diet containing lots of salt can contribute to increased levels of stress, a new study shows. Scientists found in studies of mice that a high-salt diet increased the levels of a stress hormone by 75 per cent. Experts hope the findings will encourage a review of public health policy around salt consumption, aiming at manufacturers reducing the amount of salt in processed food.
The recommended salt intake for adults is less than six grams a day but most people regularly eat about nine grams. This can contribute to higher blood pressure, which increases the risks of heart attacks, strokes and dementia.
While effects on the heart and circulatory(循环) system have been ascertained, little was known about the impact of a high-salt diet on a person’s behaviour. To study this, experts from the University of Edinburgh used mice, who ordinarily have a low-salt diet, and gave them high-salt food to reflect the typical intake of humans.
They found that not only did resting stress hormone levels increase, but the mice’s hormone response to environmental stress was double that of mice that had a normal diet. Salt intake increased the activity of genes that produce the proteins in the brain which control how the body responds to stress.
Experts say further studies are already underway to understand if a high-salt intake leads to other behavioural changes such as anxiety and aggression. Matthew Bailey, professor of Renal Physiology at the University of Edinburgh’s Centre for Cardiovascular Science, said: “We are what we eat and understanding how high-salt food changes our mental health is an important step to improving wellbeing. We know that eating too much salt damages our heart, blood vessels(血管) and kidneys. This study now tells us that high salt in our food also changes the way our brain handles stress.”
4．What are the findings expected to bring about eventually
A．Manufacturers adding less salt to processed food.
B．People debating the policy on public health.
C．Decreased levels of stress hormones.
D．Reduced amount of processed food.
5．What does the underlined word “ascertained” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Ignored. B．Restored.
C．Reduced. D．Confirmed.
6．Which of the following may be a subject of further research
A．What policy on salt should be.
B．How a high-salt intake affects blood pressure.
C．How much salt intake is appropriate.
D．Whether a high-salt intake causes anxiety.
7．What may be a suitable little for the text
A．Most people regularly take in too much salt.
B．Mental health is important to improving well being.
C．Diet containing much salt increases levels of stress.
D．Less than six grams of salt a day is recommended.
Children in the United States eat too much pizza that some researchers now argue the food should join the ranks of sugary drinks and fast food for the harm they do to health．
In a new study, the researchers found that pizza is a large source of calories, saturated fat(饱和脂肪)and salt in children’s diets．Children should not eat more than two slices of pizza for a meal，and should pair that with salad, rather than with another high-calorie food，the researchers concluded．
“Parents should aim to control pizza consumption(消费), particularly as a snack where it was shown to have a very adverse impact on children, and they should put their pizza dollars toward healthier brands．”Said Lisa Powel, director of the Illinois Prevention Research Center．
Pizza has become a matter of focus in recent years for researchers who look at the meals children eat, rather than the nutrients within them．Studies have found pizza is among the greatest sources of calories for children．
“Since pizza remains a common part of children’s diet, we need to make ‘healthy’ pizza．”Powel said．To make pizza healthier, food producers should reduce its saturated fat and salt, and increase its whole grain content,” she said．
Whether or not pizza is harmful enough to be picked out as an unhealthy food, the study attracts attention to a larger issue with the modern American lifestyle, said Alexis Tindall, who was not involved in the flow research. “Many foods are eaten too frequently and in large sizes,” said Tindall．To solve the problem, people don’t have to give up eating pizza, but instead, they can eat smaller and healthier pizza，”she said．
“Make it at home, instead of ordering it out where you don’t have any control over how it’s made.” Tindall said. “When we make it at home, we can choose healthier ingredients，increase the vegetables, reduce fat, and put in less cheese．Pizza doesn’t have to be just pepperoni(意大利辣香肠)and cheese．”
8．According to the research, children shouldn’t eat ．
A．more than two slices of pizza in a day
B．two slices of pizza for a meal
C．pizza along with salad
D．more pizza with French fries
9．Powel suggests healthier pizza should be made ．
A．with more ingredients B．with less salt
C．in smaller sizes D．at home
10．The last sentence of the passage implies that pepperoni and cheese ．
A．are necessary ingredients of pizza
B．are not the only healthy ingredients of pizza
C．should all be replaced with healthier ingredient．
D．should be reduced by adding healthier ingredients．
11．What is the best title for the passage
A．Pizza—a real junk food!
B．How to prepare better meals for your kids
C．Discover the harm of eating pizza
D．Bring in healthier pizza for Americans
二、七选五
七选五根据短文内容，你的生活从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nowadays a vegetarian (素食的) lifestyle is becoming more and more popular. Keeping a vegetarian diet is one of the best things we can do.
___12___A well planned vegetarian diet provides us with all the nutrients (营养素) we need and avoids fat, cholesterol (胆固醇) found in animal flesh, eggs, and dairy foods. And it can provide protection against various kinds of diseases, including the three biggest killers: heart disease, cancer, and other serious diseases. The American Dietetic Association states that vegetarians have lower rates of death from heart disease, lower blood cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure and lower rates of high blood pressure.___13___Scientists have also found that vegetarians have stronger immune systems than their meat-eating friends.___14___Vegetarians live, on average, 6 to 10 years longer than meat eaters.
___15___Animals raised for food consume the vast majority of their calories simply in order to live, just as we do. We feed more than 70 percent of the grains to farm animals. So it’s really a huge waste, isn’t it Try your best to find tips on the health benefits of a vegetarian diet.___16___
A．Growing all the crops needed to feed animals requires great amounts of water and land.
B．This means that they are less likely to be affected by everyday illnesses like the flu.
C．Vegetarian diets are the only diets that work for long term weight loss.
D．All of these diseases are more likely to happen to meat eaters.
E．Healthy vegetarian diets support a lifetime of good health.
F．It’s never too late to turn over a new page.
G．Living on plants also saves energy.
三、完形填空
A few minutes before six o'clock, Mr. Smith began to leave. He was about to start the car when a gun man ____17____up from the back seat. He ___18___a gun to Mr. Smith’s head, “Drive me to Paris!” he shouted.
“All right,” Mr. Smith answered. He started the engine (发动机), pulled away from the side of the street and ____19____down. Being 81 years old, he knew he could not ____20____the gunman. He knew he needed help. Where were the police As he drove ____21____each crossing, he looked up and down the side streets, hoping to find a police car, but he could see ____22____. “Just my luck,” he thought. “If I was ____23____too fast, there would be a police car on every corner.”
____24____he pushed his foot down on the accelerator, and the car ran ____25____faster. “What are you doing？” shouted the gunman. “Keeping off the police,” Mr. Smith answered. “I thought I saw a police car ______26______there.”
He ran red lights, drove wrong on one-way streets. On the two-way streets, he drove on the wrong ______27______of the road. No one of the policemen saw him. Again, Mr. Smith’s plan was not working. He had to try a ______28______plan.
He ______29______a corner and saw the police station in front. Then he drove his car as fast as he could towards the police gate. The car hit a police motorbike down and stopped. Mr. Smith shouted, “Help! Help!” Then he ______30______back to grab the man’s gun. At the same time the policemen heard the ______31______and quickly caught the gunman.
17．A．woke B．sat C．stood D．jumped
18．A．brought B．pointed C．held D．carried
19．A．drove B．left C．took D．pushed
20．A．fight B．lift C．keep D．hit
21．A．around B．over C．through D．towards
22．A．somebody B．anybody C．everybody D．nobody
23．A．driving B．moving C．getting D．walking
24．A．Slowly B．Suddenly C．Quietly D．Carefully
25．A．more B．much C．very D．quite
26．A．front B．near C．below D．back
27．A．street B．way C．side D．corner
28．A．new B．safe C．hard D．nice
29．A．found B．turned C．stopped at D．arrived at
30．A．got B．looked C．turned D．came
31．A．sound B．laugh C．voice D．noise
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America. America’s most famous popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken, ____32____ (consist) of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce flavoured with hot red peppers. Later, I had the ____33____ (please) of experiencing authentic Chinese cuisine in different places of China. We dined in restaurants which were ____34____ (elegant)decorated and the food really satisfied our appetite. Culture and food go hand in hand and Chinese cuisine is ____35____ case in point.
五、根据首字母填写单词
36．A research team c________ of eight Chinese mountaineers is reported to have successfully reached the top of Mount Qomolangma. （根据首字母填空）
37．This is probably not an a________ Chinese recipe, however, so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. (根据首字母单词拼写)
38．Since I had s________ in teaching Doodle to walk, I began to believe in my own infallibility. (根据首字母单词拼写)
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
39．He hadn’t __________ (预见) that his books were sold in millions.
40．The summer camp group, _________ (由……组成) of 30 students, will start for Beijing and stay there for four weeks. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
41．Every year Americans __________(消耗)a high percentage of the world's energy. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
42．Life c________(组成) of not only sunshine but also hard times. （根据中英文提示填空）
43．People who c______ (咀嚼) too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry. (根据中英文提示填空）
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
44．When my English teacher told me that I _______ _______ _______ _______ (被选为) a competitor, I devoted myself to the preparation. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
45．G8 (the Group of Eight) is an international organization _____________(由.....组成)the richest countries in the world. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
46．He is always closely________（和谦虚联系在一起）in the public mind. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
九、句型转换
47．Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, …
仿写：一回到家，Jane就开始做作业。
(1)____________________________________________
(2)____________________________________________
48．He said, “I have written a novel.” (同义句转换)
→He said that ________ ________ ________ a novel.
十、汉译英（整句）
49．乔治很着急，因为他一直未收到格林的信。（汉译英）
50．虽然当时第一次世界大战的战火已经持续了几个月，但是英国和德国的士兵仍然放下枪支一起踢起了足球——这是战乱年代值得铭记的和平一刻。（汉译英）
51．这位女士坚持说自己没有偷手机，但超市保安没人相信她。（汉译英）
十一、汉译英（单词/短语）
汉译英
52．________ 使（关系密切的人）分离，分开
53．________ 奉送，额外赠送
54．________ 作为额外增添
55．________ 开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事
56．________ 生病
57．________ 依赖，依靠；信任
58．________ 最后是，结果是
59．________ 深受欢迎
60．________ 由……组成（或构成）
61．________ 能够做某事；有能力做某事
十二、完成句子
62．我们到日本前学过一点日语。
We ________________________________ before we came to Japan.
63．He ________ he bought a house and went to live there.
他刚一回来便买了一幢房子住了进去。
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一位哈佛营养学家分享了4种让孩子保持“敏锐和专注”健脑食物。
1．细节理解题。根据Salmon部分中“Salmon is soft and mild enough for young children, and is also a good source of vitamin B12 and omega-3s, which promote healthy brain development and happier moods.(鲑鱼对幼儿来说足够柔软和温和，也是维生素B12和omega-3的良好来源，有助于大脑健康发育和快乐情绪)”可知，鲑鱼可以促进大脑发育和快乐情绪。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据Homemade hummus部分中“Legumes (豆类) are healthy, plant-based sources of iron, zinc, protein, omega-3s and fiber, benefitting brain development. Homemade hummus is a good way to include legumes into your child’s diet.(豆类是铁、锌、蛋白质、omega-3脂肪酸和纤维的健康植物来源，有利于大脑发育。自制鹰嘴豆泥是一种将豆类纳入孩子饮食的好方法)”、Salmon部分中“Salmon is soft and mild enough for young children, and is also a good source of vitamin B12 and omega-3s (鲑鱼对儿童来说足够柔软和温和，也是维生素B12和omega-3的良好来源)”、Eggs部分中“One study found that pastured eggs can have twice as much vitamin E and almost three times as many omega-3s as caged eggs.(一项研究发现，与笼子里的鸡蛋相比，放养的鸡蛋含有两倍的维生素E和近三倍的omega-3脂肪酸)”和Meatballs部分中“Then add grated celery and flax seeds full of omega-3s.(然后加入切碎的芹菜和富含omega-3脂肪酸的亚麻籽)”可知，四种食物中都含有omega-3s脂肪酸。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“A Harvard nutritionist shares 4 brain foods that will help your kids stay ‘sharp and focused’.(一位哈佛营养学家分享了4种健脑食物，可以帮助你的孩子保持“敏锐和专注”)”可推知，这篇文章的目标读者是那些想让孩子更专注的人。故选C项。
4．A 5．D 6．D 7．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍一项新的研究表明，含有大量盐的饮食会增加压力水平。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Experts hope the findings will encourage a review of public health policy around salt consumption, aiming at manufacturers reducing the amount of salt in processed food. (专家们希望这一发现将鼓励对食盐消费的公共卫生政策进行审查，目的是让制造商减少加工食品中的盐含量。)”可知，该研究结果最终目的是想让食品加工制造商减少食品里面盐的含量。故选A。
5．词句猜测题。根据第三段“While effects on the heart and circulatory(循环) system have been ascertained, little was known about the impact of a high-salt diet on a person’s behaviour. (虽然高盐饮食对心脏和循环系统的影响已经ascertained，但人们对高盐饮食会对人的行为产生什么影响知之甚少。)”可知， while前后是对比关系，尽管高盐饮食对心脏和循环系统的影响已经被证实，但是人们对高盐饮食会的不良后果却知道很少。所以ascertained的意思应该是“被证实”，和选项D意思一致。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Experts say further studies are already underway to understand if a high-salt intake leads to other behavioural changes such as anxiety and aggression. (专家表示，进一步的研究已经在进行中，以了解高盐摄入是否会导致焦虑和攻击等其他行为变化。)”可知，高盐摄入是否会引起焦虑将是未来研究的课题之一。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Diet containing lots of salt can contribute to increased levels of stress, a new study shows. (一项新的研究表明，含有大量盐的饮食会增加压力。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍含有大量盐的饮食会增加压力水平。故选C。
8．D 9．B 10．D 11．D
【分析】试题分析：文章从美国孩子吃太多的披萨引出谈论话题：如何让披萨做的更健康。不同的人提出了不同的建议，要从健康配料着手。
8．D细节推理题。根据第二段Children should not eat more than two slices of pizza for a meal，and should pair that with salad, rather than with another high-calorie food，可知研究表明一顿饭不能超过两片披萨，A、B错误；披萨应该拌着沙拉吃，不能和其他高热量食物同吃，故C错误；D正确。故选D.
9．B细节推理题。根据第五段To make pizza healthier, food producers should reduce its saturated fat and salt, and increase its whole grain content,”可知披萨应该少放盐，故选B.
10．D细节推理题。根据When we make it at home, we can choose healthier ingredients，increase the vegetables, reduce fat, and put in less cheese．Pizza doesn’t have to be just pepperoni(意大利辣香肠)and cheese.可知披萨里面应该放更健康的配料，增加蔬菜减少脂肪和奶酪。而不应该像意大利辣香肠和芝士一样。故选D.
11．D主旨大意题。文章主要讨论如何让披萨做的更健康，放健康的配料。D项能概括全文大意，是文章的写作目的。故选D.
考点：考查健康饮食类短文阅读。
【名师点睛】做好细节理解题的几点建议：
细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。
做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：
①略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；本文从美国孩子吃太多的披萨引出谈论话题：如何让披萨做的更健康。不同的人提出了不同的建议，要从健康配料着手。
②按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实；
③将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如第28小题根据第二段Children should not eat more than two slices of pizza for a meal，and should pair that with salad, rather than with another high-calorie food，可知研究表明一顿饭不能超过两片披萨，A、B错误；披萨应该拌着沙拉吃，不能和其他高热量食物同吃，故C错误；D正确。故选D.第30小题根据When we make it at home, we can choose healthier ingredients，increase the vegetables, reduce fat, and put in less cheese．Pizza doesn’t have to be just pepperoni(意大利辣香肠)and cheese.可知披萨里面应该放更健康的配料，增加蔬菜减少脂肪和奶酪。而不应该像意大利辣香肠和芝士一样。故选D.
12．E 13．D 14．B 15．G 16．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。阐述的是当今社会越来越流行素食主义，介绍了素食的好处。
12．根据空后的“A well planned vegetarian diet provides us with all the nutrients (营养素) we need and avoids fat, cholesterol (胆固醇) found in animal flesh, eggs, and dairy foods. ”（精心规划的素食可以提供我们所需的所有营养，并避免动物肉、鸡蛋和奶制品中的脂肪和胆固醇。），可知，精心规划的素食能够提供人类身体所需要的营养，有益于人们的身体健康。承接上文的内容应该是概括素食能够保证人们的健康。故选E项“Healthy vegetarian diets support a lifetime of good health.”（健康的素食饮食保证人们一生健康），与此对应。故选E。
13．根据空前的“The American Dietetic Association states that vegetarians have lower rates of death from heart disease, lower blood cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure and lower rates of high blood pressure.”（美国饮食协会指出，素食者死于心脏病的几率较低，血液中的胆固醇水平较低，血压和高血压的发病率也较低。）可知，素食者可以降低各种疾病患病的几率。D选项“All of these diseases are more likely to happen to meat eaters.”（所有这些疾病都更容易发生在肉食者身上。）中的all of these diseases与前文中的各种疾病呼应。故选D。
14．根据空前的“Scientists have also found that vegetarians have stronger immune systems than their meat-eating friends.”（科学家还发现，素食者的免疫系统比吃肉的朋友更强。）以及空后的“Vegetarians live, on average, 6 to 10 years longer than meat eaters.”（素食者的平均寿命比肉食者长6到10年。）可知，素食者免疫系统更强，更少受到疾病的影响，才能平均寿命更长。B选项“This means that they are less likely to be affected by everyday illnesses like the flu.”（这意味着他们不太可能受到流感等日常疾病的影响。）中的this指代的就是前文的素食者的免疫系统更强这一点。故B承接前文引起下文。故选B。
15．根据后文的“Animals raised for food consume the vast majority of their calories simply in order to live, just as we do. We feed more than 70 percent of the grains to farm animals. So it’s really a huge waste, isn’t it ”（为食用而饲养的动物消耗着大量的卡路里，这仅仅是为了生存，就像我们一样。我们用超过70%的谷物饲养家畜。所以这真的是一种巨大的浪费，不是吗？）可知饲养动物并使其成为人类的食物来源是浪费资源的，而素食是可以节省资源的。故G选项“Living on plants also saves energy.”（靠植物生活也能节省能源。）指出的是素食是可以节省资源的这一优点，与下文呼应。故选G。
16．根据空前的“Try your best to find tips on the health benefits of a vegetarian diet.”（尽你最大的努力去寻找素食对健康有益的好处。）可知，要尽力找到素食的好处。F选项“It’s never too late to turn over a new page.”（翻开新的一页永远不晚。）可知，F项作为结束句起到号召作用，呼吁大家采用素食的方法保持健康。故选F项。
17．D 18．B 19．A 20．A 21．A 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．B 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．C 31．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。这篇短文讲述了一个Smith如何智斗持枪劫匪的故事。Smith先生在车上被人用枪挟持，为了制服劫匪，他故意将车开得很快，或违反交通规则来引起警察的注意，但都没成功。最后他看到了警察局，就将车撞向警车，终于在警察帮助下成功获救。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他正要发动汽车时，一个持枪的人从后座上跳了起来。A. woke醒来；B. sat坐着；C. stood站着；D. jumped跳。根据“from the back seat”可知，这个持枪的人从后座上跳了起来。故选D。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用枪指着史密斯的头说：“开车送我去巴黎吧！”他喊道。A. brought带来；B. pointed指着；C. held握着，抓住；carried携带。根据“to Mr. Smith’s head”可知，此处指用枪指着史密斯的头。故选B。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发动了引擎，从路边开走了。A. drove驾驶；B. left离开；C. took拿走；D. pushed推。根据“He started the engine (发动机)”可知，他把车开走了。故选A。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：81岁高龄的他知道自己无法对抗枪手。A. fight打架，搏斗；B. lift提起，举起；C. keep保持；D. hit撞。根据“Being 81 years old”可知，他无法与枪手对抗。故选A。
21．考查介词词义辨析。句意：当他开车在每个十字路口转悠的时候，他在小巷里上上下下看了看，希望能找到一辆警车，但他看不到一个人。A. around在周围，四处；B. over在……上面；C. through从……中穿过；D. towards向。根据“he looked up and down the side streets”可知，他开车在十字路口周围转悠，希望能看到一辆警车。故选A。
22．考查代词词义辨析。句意同上。A. somebody有人；B. anybody任何人；C. everybody每人；D. nobody没人。根据上文“hoping to find a police car”和“but”可知，此处表示没有看到人。故选D。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我开得太快了，每个路口都会有一辆警车。A. driving开车；B. moving移动；C. getting得到，变得；D. walking步行。根据“too fast”可知，此处表示假设车开得很快。故选A。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，他一脚踩下油门，汽车就跑得快多了。A. Slowly缓慢地；B. Suddenly突然地；C. Quietly安静地；D. Carefully仔细地。根据“he pushed his foot down on the accelerator”可知，此处表示突然踩下油门。故选B。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. more更多；B. much十分，很；C. very非常；D. quite相当。根据“he pushed his foot down on the accelerator”可知，车开得更快了。故选B。
26．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我想我看到附近有一辆警车。A. front在……前面；B. near在……旁边；C. below在……下面；D. back在……后面。根据“Keeping off the police”可知，此处表示在附近看到了警车。故选B。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在双向道路上，他开车逆行。A. street街道；B. way道路；C. side边；D. corner角落。根据“On the two-way streets”可知，他在双向车道上逆行。故选C。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不得不尝试一个新计划。 A. new新的；B. safe安全的；C. hard困难的；D. nice好的，漂亮的。根据“Again, Mr. Smith’s plan was not working.”可知，此处表示前面的计划失败了，不得不尝试一个新计划。故选A。
29．考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：他拐了个弯，看见了前面的警察局。A. found发现；B. turned转弯；C. stopped at停在；D. arrived at到达。根据“a corner”可知，此处表示转弯。故选B。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他转身去拿那人的枪。A. got得到，变得；B. looked看；C. turned转弯；D. came来。根据“back to grab the man’s gun.”可知，此处表示转身，turn back意为“转身”。故选C。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，警察听到了响声，迅速抓住了枪手。A. sound声音；B. laugh大笑，笑声；C. voice嗓音；D. noise噪音。根据“Mr. Smith shouted, “Help! Help!””可知，此处表示听到了噪音。故选D。
32．consisting 33．pleasure 34．elegantly 35．a
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者品尝中国菜的经历。
32．考查非谓语动词。句意：美国最著名、最受欢迎的中国菜是左宗棠鸡，这道菜是在炸鸡上淋上红辣椒调味的甜酱。分析句子结构可知consist与逻辑主语General Tso’s chicken构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填consisting。
33．考查名词。句意：后来，我有幸在中国不同的地方体验了正宗的中国菜。作宾语，应用名词pleasure。故填pleasure。
34．考查副词。句意：我们在装饰优雅的餐厅用餐，食物确实满足了我们的食欲。修饰动词decorate应用副词elegantly。故填elegantly。
35．考查冠词。句意：文化和食物是密切相关的，中国菜就是一个很好的例子。case为可数名词，此处为泛指且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
36．consisting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，一个由8名中国登山者组成的研究小组已经成功地登上了珠穆朗玛峰的顶端。根据句意和首字母提示，consist of“由……组成”符合句意，分析句子可知，consist用非谓语动词形式作定语，修饰team，consist of无被动式，故填consisting。
37．authentic##uthentic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，这可能不是一个正宗的中国食谱，所以它不能告诉我们很多关于中国人的事情。根据单词首字母以及句意以及下文的Chinese recipe，可知应填形容词authentic作定语修饰Chinese recipe。故填authentic。
【点睛】
38．succeeded##ucceeded
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：自从我成功地教了Doodle走路，我开始相信自己是不会犯错的。根据句意及单词首字母提示可知，此处使用动词succeed，由空前had可知，句子使用过去完成时，空格处应用过去分词。故填succeeded。
39．foreseen
【详解】考查动词及时态。句意：他没有料到他的书以数百万册的量出售。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用动词foresee“预见”，句子是过去完成时，空处应用过去分词。故填foreseen。
40．consisting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由30名学生组成的夏令营小组，将前往北京，并在那里停留四周。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，根据汉语提示，表示“由……组成”，应用动词consist，consist of与其逻辑主语the summer camp group为主动关系，所以使用现在分词。故填consisting。
41．consume
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：美国每年消耗的能源占世界能源的很大比例。分析句子结构，设空处需填动词“消耗”作谓语，consume意为“消耗”，根据时间状语Every year可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为Americans，谓语动词使用原形。故填consume。
42．consists##onsists
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：生活不仅包括阳光，也包括艰难的时刻。根据汉语意思“组成”以及首字母提示可知，动词consist符合题意，描述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语为life谓语应用第三人称单数形式，故填consists。
43．chew
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：咀嚼太快的人最终会吃太多的食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。空处作定语从句的谓语，根据汉语和首字母提示可知，动词chew“咀嚼”，符合题意，由从句谓语动词feel 可知，空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，定语从句的先行词是复数people，所以空处需用动词原形chew。故填chew。
44． had been chosen as
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当我的英语老师告诉我我被选为选手时，我全身心地投入到准备工作中。分析句子结构可知，本句是that引导的宾语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，根据所给中文提示词可知，空处应该用被动语态，此处用固定搭配：be chosen as意为“被选为”，根据句意可知，时态应该用完成时，主句用的一般过去时，所以从句用过去完成时。故填①had，②been，③chosen，④as。
45．consisting of
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：G8(八国集团)是一个由世界上最富有的国家组成的国际组织。分析句子，句中is为谓语动词，设空处使用现在分词作后置定语。表示“由……组成”用consist of，该短语无被动。故填consisting of。
46．associated with being modest
【详解】考查固定短语/动名词/形容词。句意：在公众心目中，他总是与谦虚密切相关。短语be associated with 表示“与……联系在一起”，“谦虚”为with的宾语，应用动名词短语“being modest”， 故填associated with being modest。
47． On arriving/her arrival home, Jane settled down to doing her homework. Immediately/Instantly Jane arrived home, she settled down to her homework.
=Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had Jane arrived home when she settled down to her homework.
=No sooner had Jane arrived home than she settled down to doing her homework.
【详解】考查短语、时态或状语从句或倒装结构。on/upon +n./doing sth.一……就……；settle down to +n/doing sth.开始（做）某事。immediately/instantly作连词，表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。或用短语Hardly/Scarcely/Barely...when...或No sooner...than...，表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。否定词位于句首，主句用部分倒装结构。根据句意，故翻译为On arriving/her arrival home, Jane settled down to doing her homework.或Immediately/Instantly Jane arrived home, she settled down to her homework.=Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had Jane arrived home when she settled down to her homework.=No sooner had Jane arrived home than she settled down to doing her homework.
48． he had written
【详解】考查直接引语变间接引语。句意：他说：“我写了一本小说。”分析句子可知，句子要求我们进行同义句转换，即将直接引语变间接引语，句子为“that”引导的宾语从句，原句为陈述句，首先变主语，第一人称“I”变为第三人称“he”，其次变时态，现在完成时变为过去完成时，谓语动词为“had done”，故空格处应填“he had written”。故填①he② had ③written。
49．George was worried because he hadn’t had any letter from Green.
【详解】考查原因状语从句和时态。“乔治很着急”是在描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，George作主语，be动词使用was，后接表语worried，表示“着急的”；连词because表示“因为”，引导时间状语从句，主语he表示“他”，谓语使用have表示“收到”，这一动作发生在“乔治很着急”之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时，即hadn’t had表示“没有收到”，后接宾语any letter，表示“任何信”，from Green表示“从格林那里”，介词短语作状语。故翻译为George was worried because he hadn’t had any letter from Green.
50．World War I had broken out months before, but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together — one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.
【详解】考查时态、动词短语搭配和不定式。分析句子可知，表示“虽然当时第一次世界大战的战火已经持续了几个月”应用World War I had broken out months before，谓语应用过去完成时had broken，表示过去已经发生的事情，表示对过去时间的影响和结果，break out为动词短语搭配，表示“爆发”；表示“但是英国和德国的士兵仍然放下枪支一起踢起了足球”应用转折连词but连接的并列句but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together，其中put down为动词短语搭配，表示“放下”；表示“这是和平一刻”应用one moment of peace；表示定语“值得铭记的”应用不定式结构to remember；表示时间状语“战乱年代”应用during years of conflict。故翻译为World War I had broken out months before, but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together — one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.
51．The woman insisted that she had not stolen the mobile phone, but none of the supermarket guards would believe her.
【详解】考查宾语从句、固定短语和时态。此处主语为the women，且当insist的意思为“坚决认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气，为一般过去时；后跟that引导宾语从句；表示“偷手机”应用steal the mobile phone，为过去完成时的否定陈述句；后跟but连接并列句，表示转折；表示“没有人”应用none of，后跟名词the supermarket guards作宾语，表示“相信”应用believe，would后跟动词原形。故翻译为The woman insisted that she had not stolen the mobile phone, but none of the supermarket guards would believe her.
52．tear apart 53．throw in 54．for good measure 55．get down to (doing) sth. 56．fall sick 57．rely on 58．turn out 59．be well received 60．consist of 61．be capable of doing sth.
【解析】52．使（关系密切的人）分离，分开，英文表达是tear apart，故答案填tear apart。
53．奉送，额外赠送，英文表达是throw in，故答案填throw in。
54．作为额外增添，英文表达是for good measure，故答案填for good measure。
55．开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事，英文表达是get down to (doing) sth.，故答案填get down to (doing) sth.。
56．生病，英文表达是fall sick，故答案填fall sick。
57．依赖，依靠；信任，英文表达是rely on，故答案填rely on。
58．最后是，结果是，英文表达是turn out，故答案填turn out。
59．深受欢迎，英文表达是be well received，故答案填be well received。
60．由……组成（或构成），英文表达是consist of，故答案填consist of。
61．能够做某事；有能力做某事，英文表达是be capable of doing sth，故答案填be capable of doing sth。
62．had studied a little Japanese
【详解】考查动词时态。结合句意表示“学习”应用动词study，作谓语，且study发生在came之前，即“过去的过去”应用过去完成时；表示“一点”短语为a little，修饰名词Japanese。故填had studied a little Japanese。
63．had no sooner returned than
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用固定句型no sooner...than...，意为“一……就……”，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，“回来”用动词return。故填had no sooner returned than。
答案第1页，共2页
答案第1页，共2页
一、阅读理解
A Harvard nutritionist shares 4 brain foods that will help your kids stay “sharp and focused”.
Homemade hummus
Legumes (豆类) are healthy, plant-based sources of iron, zinc, protein, omega-3s and fiber, benefitting brain development. Homemade hummus is a good way to include legumes into your child’s diet. It can be served in so many ways, such as a dip paired with apple slices, carrot sticks or sugar snap peas. Adding some color to your hummus can make it more appealing to kids. Think: a bright orange carrot hummus topped with a monster face made out of vegetables.
Salmon
Introducing your child to fish at a young age can increase their likelihood of enjoying it and eating low-fat, vitamin-rich proteins for the rest of their life. Salmon is soft and mild enough for young children, and is also a good source of vitamin B12 and omega-3s, which promote healthy brain development and happier moods.
Eggs
Whole eggs are an excellent source of brain-boosting vitamins A, D and B12, along with choline (胆碱). Choline is especially important for young children, as it has been shown to improve brain development and long-term memory. One study found that pastured eggs can have twice as much vitamin E and almost three times as many omega-3s as caged eggs.
Meatballs
Add some powerful plant-based fiber and nutritious vegetables to your child’s diet through meatballs. Start with a base of beans or ground turkey. Then add grated celery and flax seeds full of omega-3s. Of course, don’t forget your favourite spices. Cook and serve.
1．Which food can enhance brain development and happier moods
A．Homemade hummus. B．Salmon. C．Eggs. D．Meatballs.
2．What do these four foods have in common
A．They all have plant fibers. B．They all have low fat.
C．They all have vitamin B12. D．They all have omega-3s.
3．Who is this passage targeted at
A．Those who want to lose weight.
B．Those who desire to put on weight.
C．Those who intend their kids to be more focused.
D．Those who expect their students to be more hard-working.
Diet containing lots of salt can contribute to increased levels of stress, a new study shows. Scientists found in studies of mice that a high-salt diet increased the levels of a stress hormone by 75 per cent. Experts hope the findings will encourage a review of public health policy around salt consumption, aiming at manufacturers reducing the amount of salt in processed food.
The recommended salt intake for adults is less than six grams a day but most people regularly eat about nine grams. This can contribute to higher blood pressure, which increases the risks of heart attacks, strokes and dementia.
While effects on the heart and circulatory(循环) system have been ascertained, little was known about the impact of a high-salt diet on a person’s behaviour. To study this, experts from the University of Edinburgh used mice, who ordinarily have a low-salt diet, and gave them high-salt food to reflect the typical intake of humans.
They found that not only did resting stress hormone levels increase, but the mice’s hormone response to environmental stress was double that of mice that had a normal diet. Salt intake increased the activity of genes that produce the proteins in the brain which control how the body responds to stress.
Experts say further studies are already underway to understand if a high-salt intake leads to other behavioural changes such as anxiety and aggression. Matthew Bailey, professor of Renal Physiology at the University of Edinburgh’s Centre for Cardiovascular Science, said: “We are what we eat and understanding how high-salt food changes our mental health is an important step to improving wellbeing. We know that eating too much salt damages our heart, blood vessels(血管) and kidneys. This study now tells us that high salt in our food also changes the way our brain handles stress.”
4．What are the findings expected to bring about eventually
A．Manufacturers adding less salt to processed food.
B．People debating the policy on public health.
C．Decreased levels of stress hormones.
D．Reduced amount of processed food.
5．What does the underlined word “ascertained” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Ignored. B．Restored.
C．Reduced. D．Confirmed.
6．Which of the following may be a subject of further research
A．What policy on salt should be.
B．How a high-salt intake affects blood pressure.
C．How much salt intake is appropriate.
D．Whether a high-salt intake causes anxiety.
7．What may be a suitable little for the text
A．Most people regularly take in too much salt.
B．Mental health is important to improving well being.
C．Diet containing much salt increases levels of stress.
D．Less than six grams of salt a day is recommended.
Children in the United States eat too much pizza that some researchers now argue the food should join the ranks of sugary drinks and fast food for the harm they do to health．
In a new study, the researchers found that pizza is a large source of calories, saturated fat(饱和脂肪)and salt in children’s diets．Children should not eat more than two slices of pizza for a meal，and should pair that with salad, rather than with another high-calorie food，the researchers concluded．
“Parents should aim to control pizza consumption(消费), particularly as a snack where it was shown to have a very adverse impact on children, and they should put their pizza dollars toward healthier brands．”Said Lisa Powel, director of the Illinois Prevention Research Center．
Pizza has become a matter of focus in recent years for researchers who look at the meals children eat, rather than the nutrients within them．Studies have found pizza is among the greatest sources of calories for children．
“Since pizza remains a common part of children’s diet, we need to make ‘healthy’ pizza．”Powel said．To make pizza healthier, food producers should reduce its saturated fat and salt, and increase its whole grain content,” she said．
Whether or not pizza is harmful enough to be picked out as an unhealthy food, the study attracts attention to a larger issue with the modern American lifestyle, said Alexis Tindall, who was not involved in the flow research. “Many foods are eaten too frequently and in large sizes,” said Tindall．To solve the problem, people don’t have to give up eating pizza, but instead, they can eat smaller and healthier pizza，”she said．
“Make it at home, instead of ordering it out where you don’t have any control over how it’s made.” Tindall said. “When we make it at home, we can choose healthier ingredients，increase the vegetables, reduce fat, and put in less cheese．Pizza doesn’t have to be just pepperoni(意大利辣香肠)and cheese．”
8．According to the research, children shouldn’t eat ．
A．more than two slices of pizza in a day
B．two slices of pizza for a meal
C．pizza along with salad
D．more pizza with French fries
9．Powel suggests healthier pizza should be made ．
A．with more ingredients B．with less salt
C．in smaller sizes D．at home
10．The last sentence of the passage implies that pepperoni and cheese ．
A．are necessary ingredients of pizza
B．are not the only healthy ingredients of pizza
C．should all be replaced with healthier ingredient．
D．should be reduced by adding healthier ingredients．
11．What is the best title for the passage
A．Pizza—a real junk food!
B．How to prepare better meals for your kids
C．Discover the harm of eating pizza
D．Bring in healthier pizza for Americans
二、七选五
七选五根据短文内容，你的生活从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nowadays a vegetarian (素食的) lifestyle is becoming more and more popular. Keeping a vegetarian diet is one of the best things we can do.
___12___A well planned vegetarian diet provides us with all the nutrients (营养素) we need and avoids fat, cholesterol (胆固醇) found in animal flesh, eggs, and dairy foods. And it can provide protection against various kinds of diseases, including the three biggest killers: heart disease, cancer, and other serious diseases. The American Dietetic Association states that vegetarians have lower rates of death from heart disease, lower blood cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure and lower rates of high blood pressure.___13___Scientists have also found that vegetarians have stronger immune systems than their meat-eating friends.___14___Vegetarians live, on average, 6 to 10 years longer than meat eaters.
___15___Animals raised for food consume the vast majority of their calories simply in order to live, just as we do. We feed more than 70 percent of the grains to farm animals. So it’s really a huge waste, isn’t it Try your best to find tips on the health benefits of a vegetarian diet.___16___
A．Growing all the crops needed to feed animals requires great amounts of water and land.
B．This means that they are less likely to be affected by everyday illnesses like the flu.
C．Vegetarian diets are the only diets that work for long term weight loss.
D．All of these diseases are more likely to happen to meat eaters.
E．Healthy vegetarian diets support a lifetime of good health.
F．It’s never too late to turn over a new page.
G．Living on plants also saves energy.
三、完形填空
A few minutes before six o'clock, Mr. Smith began to leave. He was about to start the car when a gun man ____17____up from the back seat. He ___18___a gun to Mr. Smith’s head, “Drive me to Paris!” he shouted.
“All right,” Mr. Smith answered. He started the engine (发动机), pulled away from the side of the street and ____19____down. Being 81 years old, he knew he could not ____20____the gunman. He knew he needed help. Where were the police As he drove ____21____each crossing, he looked up and down the side streets, hoping to find a police car, but he could see ____22____. “Just my luck,” he thought. “If I was ____23____too fast, there would be a police car on every corner.”
____24____he pushed his foot down on the accelerator, and the car ran ____25____faster. “What are you doing？” shouted the gunman. “Keeping off the police,” Mr. Smith answered. “I thought I saw a police car ______26______there.”
He ran red lights, drove wrong on one-way streets. On the two-way streets, he drove on the wrong ______27______of the road. No one of the policemen saw him. Again, Mr. Smith’s plan was not working. He had to try a ______28______plan.
He ______29______a corner and saw the police station in front. Then he drove his car as fast as he could towards the police gate. The car hit a police motorbike down and stopped. Mr. Smith shouted, “Help! Help!” Then he ______30______back to grab the man’s gun. At the same time the policemen heard the ______31______and quickly caught the gunman.
17．A．woke B．sat C．stood D．jumped
18．A．brought B．pointed C．held D．carried
19．A．drove B．left C．took D．pushed
20．A．fight B．lift C．keep D．hit
21．A．around B．over C．through D．towards
22．A．somebody B．anybody C．everybody D．nobody
23．A．driving B．moving C．getting D．walking
24．A．Slowly B．Suddenly C．Quietly D．Carefully
25．A．more B．much C．very D．quite
26．A．front B．near C．below D．back
27．A．street B．way C．side D．corner
28．A．new B．safe C．hard D．nice
29．A．found B．turned C．stopped at D．arrived at
30．A．got B．looked C．turned D．came
31．A．sound B．laugh C．voice D．noise
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America. America’s most famous popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken, ____32____ (consist) of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce flavoured with hot red peppers. Later, I had the ____33____ (please) of experiencing authentic Chinese cuisine in different places of China. We dined in restaurants which were ____34____ (elegant)decorated and the food really satisfied our appetite. Culture and food go hand in hand and Chinese cuisine is ____35____ case in point.
五、根据首字母填写单词
36．A research team c________ of eight Chinese mountaineers is reported to have successfully reached the top of Mount Qomolangma. （根据首字母填空）
37．This is probably not an a________ Chinese recipe, however, so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. (根据首字母单词拼写)
38．Since I had s________ in teaching Doodle to walk, I began to believe in my own infallibility. (根据首字母单词拼写)
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
39．He hadn’t __________ (预见) that his books were sold in millions.
40．The summer camp group, _________ (由……组成) of 30 students, will start for Beijing and stay there for four weeks. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
41．Every year Americans __________(消耗)a high percentage of the world's energy. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
42．Life c________(组成) of not only sunshine but also hard times. （根据中英文提示填空）
43．People who c______ (咀嚼) too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry. (根据中英文提示填空）
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
44．When my English teacher told me that I _______ _______ _______ _______ (被选为) a competitor, I devoted myself to the preparation. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
45．G8 (the Group of Eight) is an international organization _____________(由.....组成)the richest countries in the world. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
46．He is always closely________（和谦虚联系在一起）in the public mind. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
九、句型转换
47．Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, …
仿写：一回到家，Jane就开始做作业。
(1)____________________________________________
(2)____________________________________________
48．He said, “I have written a novel.” (同义句转换)
→He said that ________ ________ ________ a novel.
十、汉译英（整句）
49．乔治很着急，因为他一直未收到格林的信。（汉译英）
50．虽然当时第一次世界大战的战火已经持续了几个月，但是英国和德国的士兵仍然放下枪支一起踢起了足球——这是战乱年代值得铭记的和平一刻。（汉译英）
51．这位女士坚持说自己没有偷手机，但超市保安没人相信她。（汉译英）
十一、汉译英（单词/短语）
汉译英
52．________ 使（关系密切的人）分离，分开
53．________ 奉送，额外赠送
54．________ 作为额外增添
55．________ 开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事
56．________ 生病
57．________ 依赖，依靠；信任
58．________ 最后是，结果是
59．________ 深受欢迎
60．________ 由……组成（或构成）
61．________ 能够做某事；有能力做某事
十二、完成句子
62．我们到日本前学过一点日语。
We ________________________________ before we came to Japan.
63．He ________ he bought a house and went to live there.
他刚一回来便买了一幢房子住了进去。
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一位哈佛营养学家分享了4种让孩子保持“敏锐和专注”健脑食物。
1．细节理解题。根据Salmon部分中“Salmon is soft and mild enough for young children, and is also a good source of vitamin B12 and omega-3s, which promote healthy brain development and happier moods.(鲑鱼对幼儿来说足够柔软和温和，也是维生素B12和omega-3的良好来源，有助于大脑健康发育和快乐情绪)”可知，鲑鱼可以促进大脑发育和快乐情绪。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据Homemade hummus部分中“Legumes (豆类) are healthy, plant-based sources of iron, zinc, protein, omega-3s and fiber, benefitting brain development. Homemade hummus is a good way to include legumes into your child’s diet.(豆类是铁、锌、蛋白质、omega-3脂肪酸和纤维的健康植物来源，有利于大脑发育。自制鹰嘴豆泥是一种将豆类纳入孩子饮食的好方法)”、Salmon部分中“Salmon is soft and mild enough for young children, and is also a good source of vitamin B12 and omega-3s (鲑鱼对儿童来说足够柔软和温和，也是维生素B12和omega-3的良好来源)”、Eggs部分中“One study found that pastured eggs can have twice as much vitamin E and almost three times as many omega-3s as caged eggs.(一项研究发现，与笼子里的鸡蛋相比，放养的鸡蛋含有两倍的维生素E和近三倍的omega-3脂肪酸)”和Meatballs部分中“Then add grated celery and flax seeds full of omega-3s.(然后加入切碎的芹菜和富含omega-3脂肪酸的亚麻籽)”可知，四种食物中都含有omega-3s脂肪酸。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“A Harvard nutritionist shares 4 brain foods that will help your kids stay ‘sharp and focused’.(一位哈佛营养学家分享了4种健脑食物，可以帮助你的孩子保持“敏锐和专注”)”可推知，这篇文章的目标读者是那些想让孩子更专注的人。故选C项。
4．A 5．D 6．D 7．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍一项新的研究表明，含有大量盐的饮食会增加压力水平。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Experts hope the findings will encourage a review of public health policy around salt consumption, aiming at manufacturers reducing the amount of salt in processed food. (专家们希望这一发现将鼓励对食盐消费的公共卫生政策进行审查，目的是让制造商减少加工食品中的盐含量。)”可知，该研究结果最终目的是想让食品加工制造商减少食品里面盐的含量。故选A。
5．词句猜测题。根据第三段“While effects on the heart and circulatory(循环) system have been ascertained, little was known about the impact of a high-salt diet on a person’s behaviour. (虽然高盐饮食对心脏和循环系统的影响已经ascertained，但人们对高盐饮食会对人的行为产生什么影响知之甚少。)”可知， while前后是对比关系，尽管高盐饮食对心脏和循环系统的影响已经被证实，但是人们对高盐饮食会的不良后果却知道很少。所以ascertained的意思应该是“被证实”，和选项D意思一致。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Experts say further studies are already underway to understand if a high-salt intake leads to other behavioural changes such as anxiety and aggression. (专家表示，进一步的研究已经在进行中，以了解高盐摄入是否会导致焦虑和攻击等其他行为变化。)”可知，高盐摄入是否会引起焦虑将是未来研究的课题之一。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Diet containing lots of salt can contribute to increased levels of stress, a new study shows. (一项新的研究表明，含有大量盐的饮食会增加压力。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍含有大量盐的饮食会增加压力水平。故选C。
8．D 9．B 10．D 11．D
【分析】试题分析：文章从美国孩子吃太多的披萨引出谈论话题：如何让披萨做的更健康。不同的人提出了不同的建议，要从健康配料着手。
8．D细节推理题。根据第二段Children should not eat more than two slices of pizza for a meal，and should pair that with salad, rather than with another high-calorie food，可知研究表明一顿饭不能超过两片披萨，A、B错误；披萨应该拌着沙拉吃，不能和其他高热量食物同吃，故C错误；D正确。故选D.
9．B细节推理题。根据第五段To make pizza healthier, food producers should reduce its saturated fat and salt, and increase its whole grain content,”可知披萨应该少放盐，故选B.
10．D细节推理题。根据When we make it at home, we can choose healthier ingredients，increase the vegetables, reduce fat, and put in less cheese．Pizza doesn’t have to be just pepperoni(意大利辣香肠)and cheese.可知披萨里面应该放更健康的配料，增加蔬菜减少脂肪和奶酪。而不应该像意大利辣香肠和芝士一样。故选D.
11．D主旨大意题。文章主要讨论如何让披萨做的更健康，放健康的配料。D项能概括全文大意，是文章的写作目的。故选D.
考点：考查健康饮食类短文阅读。
【名师点睛】做好细节理解题的几点建议：
细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。
做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：
①略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；本文从美国孩子吃太多的披萨引出谈论话题：如何让披萨做的更健康。不同的人提出了不同的建议，要从健康配料着手。
②按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实；
③将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如第28小题根据第二段Children should not eat more than two slices of pizza for a meal，and should pair that with salad, rather than with another high-calorie food，可知研究表明一顿饭不能超过两片披萨，A、B错误；披萨应该拌着沙拉吃，不能和其他高热量食物同吃，故C错误；D正确。故选D.第30小题根据When we make it at home, we can choose healthier ingredients，increase the vegetables, reduce fat, and put in less cheese．Pizza doesn’t have to be just pepperoni(意大利辣香肠)and cheese.可知披萨里面应该放更健康的配料，增加蔬菜减少脂肪和奶酪。而不应该像意大利辣香肠和芝士一样。故选D.
12．E 13．D 14．B 15．G 16．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。阐述的是当今社会越来越流行素食主义，介绍了素食的好处。
12．根据空后的“A well planned vegetarian diet provides us with all the nutrients (营养素) we need and avoids fat, cholesterol (胆固醇) found in animal flesh, eggs, and dairy foods. ”（精心规划的素食可以提供我们所需的所有营养，并避免动物肉、鸡蛋和奶制品中的脂肪和胆固醇。），可知，精心规划的素食能够提供人类身体所需要的营养，有益于人们的身体健康。承接上文的内容应该是概括素食能够保证人们的健康。故选E项“Healthy vegetarian diets support a lifetime of good health.”（健康的素食饮食保证人们一生健康），与此对应。故选E。
13．根据空前的“The American Dietetic Association states that vegetarians have lower rates of death from heart disease, lower blood cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure and lower rates of high blood pressure.”（美国饮食协会指出，素食者死于心脏病的几率较低，血液中的胆固醇水平较低，血压和高血压的发病率也较低。）可知，素食者可以降低各种疾病患病的几率。D选项“All of these diseases are more likely to happen to meat eaters.”（所有这些疾病都更容易发生在肉食者身上。）中的all of these diseases与前文中的各种疾病呼应。故选D。
14．根据空前的“Scientists have also found that vegetarians have stronger immune systems than their meat-eating friends.”（科学家还发现，素食者的免疫系统比吃肉的朋友更强。）以及空后的“Vegetarians live, on average, 6 to 10 years longer than meat eaters.”（素食者的平均寿命比肉食者长6到10年。）可知，素食者免疫系统更强，更少受到疾病的影响，才能平均寿命更长。B选项“This means that they are less likely to be affected by everyday illnesses like the flu.”（这意味着他们不太可能受到流感等日常疾病的影响。）中的this指代的就是前文的素食者的免疫系统更强这一点。故B承接前文引起下文。故选B。
15．根据后文的“Animals raised for food consume the vast majority of their calories simply in order to live, just as we do. We feed more than 70 percent of the grains to farm animals. So it’s really a huge waste, isn’t it ”（为食用而饲养的动物消耗着大量的卡路里，这仅仅是为了生存，就像我们一样。我们用超过70%的谷物饲养家畜。所以这真的是一种巨大的浪费，不是吗？）可知饲养动物并使其成为人类的食物来源是浪费资源的，而素食是可以节省资源的。故G选项“Living on plants also saves energy.”（靠植物生活也能节省能源。）指出的是素食是可以节省资源的这一优点，与下文呼应。故选G。
16．根据空前的“Try your best to find tips on the health benefits of a vegetarian diet.”（尽你最大的努力去寻找素食对健康有益的好处。）可知，要尽力找到素食的好处。F选项“It’s never too late to turn over a new page.”（翻开新的一页永远不晚。）可知，F项作为结束句起到号召作用，呼吁大家采用素食的方法保持健康。故选F项。
17．D 18．B 19．A 20．A 21．A 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．B 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．C 31．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。这篇短文讲述了一个Smith如何智斗持枪劫匪的故事。Smith先生在车上被人用枪挟持，为了制服劫匪，他故意将车开得很快，或违反交通规则来引起警察的注意，但都没成功。最后他看到了警察局，就将车撞向警车，终于在警察帮助下成功获救。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他正要发动汽车时，一个持枪的人从后座上跳了起来。A. woke醒来；B. sat坐着；C. stood站着；D. jumped跳。根据“from the back seat”可知，这个持枪的人从后座上跳了起来。故选D。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用枪指着史密斯的头说：“开车送我去巴黎吧！”他喊道。A. brought带来；B. pointed指着；C. held握着，抓住；carried携带。根据“to Mr. Smith’s head”可知，此处指用枪指着史密斯的头。故选B。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发动了引擎，从路边开走了。A. drove驾驶；B. left离开；C. took拿走；D. pushed推。根据“He started the engine (发动机)”可知，他把车开走了。故选A。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：81岁高龄的他知道自己无法对抗枪手。A. fight打架，搏斗；B. lift提起，举起；C. keep保持；D. hit撞。根据“Being 81 years old”可知，他无法与枪手对抗。故选A。
21．考查介词词义辨析。句意：当他开车在每个十字路口转悠的时候，他在小巷里上上下下看了看，希望能找到一辆警车，但他看不到一个人。A. around在周围，四处；B. over在……上面；C. through从……中穿过；D. towards向。根据“he looked up and down the side streets”可知，他开车在十字路口周围转悠，希望能看到一辆警车。故选A。
22．考查代词词义辨析。句意同上。A. somebody有人；B. anybody任何人；C. everybody每人；D. nobody没人。根据上文“hoping to find a police car”和“but”可知，此处表示没有看到人。故选D。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我开得太快了，每个路口都会有一辆警车。A. driving开车；B. moving移动；C. getting得到，变得；D. walking步行。根据“too fast”可知，此处表示假设车开得很快。故选A。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，他一脚踩下油门，汽车就跑得快多了。A. Slowly缓慢地；B. Suddenly突然地；C. Quietly安静地；D. Carefully仔细地。根据“he pushed his foot down on the accelerator”可知，此处表示突然踩下油门。故选B。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. more更多；B. much十分，很；C. very非常；D. quite相当。根据“he pushed his foot down on the accelerator”可知，车开得更快了。故选B。
26．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我想我看到附近有一辆警车。A. front在……前面；B. near在……旁边；C. below在……下面；D. back在……后面。根据“Keeping off the police”可知，此处表示在附近看到了警车。故选B。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在双向道路上，他开车逆行。A. street街道；B. way道路；C. side边；D. corner角落。根据“On the two-way streets”可知，他在双向车道上逆行。故选C。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不得不尝试一个新计划。 A. new新的；B. safe安全的；C. hard困难的；D. nice好的，漂亮的。根据“Again, Mr. Smith’s plan was not working.”可知，此处表示前面的计划失败了，不得不尝试一个新计划。故选A。
29．考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：他拐了个弯，看见了前面的警察局。A. found发现；B. turned转弯；C. stopped at停在；D. arrived at到达。根据“a corner”可知，此处表示转弯。故选B。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他转身去拿那人的枪。A. got得到，变得；B. looked看；C. turned转弯；D. came来。根据“back to grab the man’s gun.”可知，此处表示转身，turn back意为“转身”。故选C。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，警察听到了响声，迅速抓住了枪手。A. sound声音；B. laugh大笑，笑声；C. voice嗓音；D. noise噪音。根据“Mr. Smith shouted, “Help! Help!””可知，此处表示听到了噪音。故选D。
32．consisting 33．pleasure 34．elegantly 35．a
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者品尝中国菜的经历。
32．考查非谓语动词。句意：美国最著名、最受欢迎的中国菜是左宗棠鸡，这道菜是在炸鸡上淋上红辣椒调味的甜酱。分析句子结构可知consist与逻辑主语General Tso’s chicken构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填consisting。
33．考查名词。句意：后来，我有幸在中国不同的地方体验了正宗的中国菜。作宾语，应用名词pleasure。故填pleasure。
34．考查副词。句意：我们在装饰优雅的餐厅用餐，食物确实满足了我们的食欲。修饰动词decorate应用副词elegantly。故填elegantly。
35．考查冠词。句意：文化和食物是密切相关的，中国菜就是一个很好的例子。case为可数名词，此处为泛指且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
36．consisting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，一个由8名中国登山者组成的研究小组已经成功地登上了珠穆朗玛峰的顶端。根据句意和首字母提示，consist of“由……组成”符合句意，分析句子可知，consist用非谓语动词形式作定语，修饰team，consist of无被动式，故填consisting。
37．authentic##uthentic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，这可能不是一个正宗的中国食谱，所以它不能告诉我们很多关于中国人的事情。根据单词首字母以及句意以及下文的Chinese recipe，可知应填形容词authentic作定语修饰Chinese recipe。故填authentic。
【点睛】
38．succeeded##ucceeded
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：自从我成功地教了Doodle走路，我开始相信自己是不会犯错的。根据句意及单词首字母提示可知，此处使用动词succeed，由空前had可知，句子使用过去完成时，空格处应用过去分词。故填succeeded。
39．foreseen
【详解】考查动词及时态。句意：他没有料到他的书以数百万册的量出售。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用动词foresee“预见”，句子是过去完成时，空处应用过去分词。故填foreseen。
40．consisting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由30名学生组成的夏令营小组，将前往北京，并在那里停留四周。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，根据汉语提示，表示“由……组成”，应用动词consist，consist of与其逻辑主语the summer camp group为主动关系，所以使用现在分词。故填consisting。
41．consume
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：美国每年消耗的能源占世界能源的很大比例。分析句子结构，设空处需填动词“消耗”作谓语，consume意为“消耗”，根据时间状语Every year可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为Americans，谓语动词使用原形。故填consume。
42．consists##onsists
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：生活不仅包括阳光，也包括艰难的时刻。根据汉语意思“组成”以及首字母提示可知，动词consist符合题意，描述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语为life谓语应用第三人称单数形式，故填consists。
43．chew
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：咀嚼太快的人最终会吃太多的食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。空处作定语从句的谓语，根据汉语和首字母提示可知，动词chew“咀嚼”，符合题意，由从句谓语动词feel 可知，空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，定语从句的先行词是复数people，所以空处需用动词原形chew。故填chew。
44． had been chosen as
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当我的英语老师告诉我我被选为选手时，我全身心地投入到准备工作中。分析句子结构可知，本句是that引导的宾语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，根据所给中文提示词可知，空处应该用被动语态，此处用固定搭配：be chosen as意为“被选为”，根据句意可知，时态应该用完成时，主句用的一般过去时，所以从句用过去完成时。故填①had，②been，③chosen，④as。
45．consisting of
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：G8(八国集团)是一个由世界上最富有的国家组成的国际组织。分析句子，句中is为谓语动词，设空处使用现在分词作后置定语。表示“由……组成”用consist of，该短语无被动。故填consisting of。
46．associated with being modest
【详解】考查固定短语/动名词/形容词。句意：在公众心目中，他总是与谦虚密切相关。短语be associated with 表示“与……联系在一起”，“谦虚”为with的宾语，应用动名词短语“being modest”， 故填associated with being modest。
47． On arriving/her arrival home, Jane settled down to doing her homework. Immediately/Instantly Jane arrived home, she settled down to her homework.
=Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had Jane arrived home when she settled down to her homework.
=No sooner had Jane arrived home than she settled down to doing her homework.
【详解】考查短语、时态或状语从句或倒装结构。on/upon +n./doing sth.一……就……；settle down to +n/doing sth.开始（做）某事。immediately/instantly作连词，表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。或用短语Hardly/Scarcely/Barely...when...或No sooner...than...，表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。否定词位于句首，主句用部分倒装结构。根据句意，故翻译为On arriving/her arrival home, Jane settled down to doing her homework.或Immediately/Instantly Jane arrived home, she settled down to her homework.=Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had Jane arrived home when she settled down to her homework.=No sooner had Jane arrived home than she settled down to doing her homework.
48． he had written
【详解】考查直接引语变间接引语。句意：他说：“我写了一本小说。”分析句子可知，句子要求我们进行同义句转换，即将直接引语变间接引语，句子为“that”引导的宾语从句，原句为陈述句，首先变主语，第一人称“I”变为第三人称“he”，其次变时态，现在完成时变为过去完成时，谓语动词为“had done”，故空格处应填“he had written”。故填①he② had ③written。
49．George was worried because he hadn’t had any letter from Green.
【详解】考查原因状语从句和时态。“乔治很着急”是在描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，George作主语，be动词使用was，后接表语worried，表示“着急的”；连词because表示“因为”，引导时间状语从句，主语he表示“他”，谓语使用have表示“收到”，这一动作发生在“乔治很着急”之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时，即hadn’t had表示“没有收到”，后接宾语any letter，表示“任何信”，from Green表示“从格林那里”，介词短语作状语。故翻译为George was worried because he hadn’t had any letter from Green.
50．World War I had broken out months before, but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together — one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.
【详解】考查时态、动词短语搭配和不定式。分析句子可知，表示“虽然当时第一次世界大战的战火已经持续了几个月”应用World War I had broken out months before，谓语应用过去完成时had broken，表示过去已经发生的事情，表示对过去时间的影响和结果，break out为动词短语搭配，表示“爆发”；表示“但是英国和德国的士兵仍然放下枪支一起踢起了足球”应用转折连词but连接的并列句but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together，其中put down为动词短语搭配，表示“放下”；表示“这是和平一刻”应用one moment of peace；表示定语“值得铭记的”应用不定式结构to remember；表示时间状语“战乱年代”应用during years of conflict。故翻译为World War I had broken out months before, but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together — one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.
51．The woman insisted that she had not stolen the mobile phone, but none of the supermarket guards would believe her.
【详解】考查宾语从句、固定短语和时态。此处主语为the women，且当insist的意思为“坚决认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气，为一般过去时；后跟that引导宾语从句；表示“偷手机”应用steal the mobile phone，为过去完成时的否定陈述句；后跟but连接并列句，表示转折；表示“没有人”应用none of，后跟名词the supermarket guards作宾语，表示“相信”应用believe，would后跟动词原形。故翻译为The woman insisted that she had not stolen the mobile phone, but none of the supermarket guards would believe her.
52．tear apart 53．throw in 54．for good measure 55．get down to (doing) sth. 56．fall sick 57．rely on 58．turn out 59．be well received 60．consist of 61．be capable of doing sth.
【解析】52．使（关系密切的人）分离，分开，英文表达是tear apart，故答案填tear apart。
53．奉送，额外赠送，英文表达是throw in，故答案填throw in。
54．作为额外增添，英文表达是for good measure，故答案填for good measure。
55．开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事，英文表达是get down to (doing) sth.，故答案填get down to (doing) sth.。
56．生病，英文表达是fall sick，故答案填fall sick。
57．依赖，依靠；信任，英文表达是rely on，故答案填rely on。
58．最后是，结果是，英文表达是turn out，故答案填turn out。
59．深受欢迎，英文表达是be well received，故答案填be well received。
60．由……组成（或构成），英文表达是consist of，故答案填consist of。
61．能够做某事；有能力做某事，英文表达是be capable of doing sth，故答案填be capable of doing sth。
62．had studied a little Japanese
【详解】考查动词时态。结合句意表示“学习”应用动词study，作谓语，且study发生在came之前，即“过去的过去”应用过去完成时；表示“一点”短语为a little，修饰名词Japanese。故填had studied a little Japanese。
63．had no sooner returned than
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用固定句型no sooner...than...，意为“一……就……”，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，“回来”用动词return。故填had no sooner returned than。
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