人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle 综合测试（含解析）
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Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle 综合测试
一、阅读理解
Are you preparing a big test If so, you may want to go play some basketball in between hitting the book. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (血管), including those in the brain stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better. As she says, “while we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain.”
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. Even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a scientist, also believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in primary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. “Babies need movement that encourages and excites their five senses. They need to set up a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to connect physical activity with higher learning,” says Margaret.
Older people can develop their brains as well. Cornell University studied a group of seniors who have a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for babies, exercise for older people should not be simple. Learning some new skills or actions, such as with yoga or tai-chi helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main aim is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.
1．According to the passage, what is the connection between exercise and brain development
A．Exercise helps make our blood vessels.
B．Physical exercise helps us think better.
C．The brain needs special mental exercise.
D．The more exercise, the bigger brain.
2．The underlined word “traced” most probably means _______.
A．to find the result of something
B．to seek the details of something
C．to follow the example of something
D．to find the origin (起源)of something
3．The smallest amount of exercise required to gain any benefit may be ______.
A．two hours per week B．40 hours per week
C．three hours per day D．40 hours per month
4．What is the main idea of this passage
A．How exercise makes people strong.
B．How to get good scores on a test.
C．How exercise helps the brain.
D．How the brain can change.
New research published in the journal BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine indicates that men and younger adults have been less physically active during the COVID-19 lockdown.
The study, led by Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) and Ulster University, includes data from 911 UK adults who took part in an online survey which began on 17 March. The research found that 75% of UK adults had met the World Health Organization’s physical activity recommendations of 150 minutes of middling physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous (剧烈的) physical activity per week, since the introduction of social distancing regulations. This is higher than previous studies carried out before the COVID-19 pandemic, which found that between 58% and 66% of the UK adult population typically meet physical activity guidelines.
The new study found that women, older adults, and those with a higher annual household income were significantly more likely to meet the WHO’s physical activity guidelines. This is the opposite of studies carried out before the pandemic, where men and younger adults were found to have higher levels of physical activity.
Lead author Dr Lee Smith, Reader in Physical Activity and Public Health at ARU, said, “ The overall levels of physical activity are higher than we were expecting. It may be that the UK public have experienced an increase in free time and used this time to be physically active. Additionally, during the early stages of the outbreak, one of the few reasons to leave home was to take part in an hour of exercise. As well as offering a reason to go outside, this may have served as a target for some people. ”
Typically, the proportion (比例) of UK adults meeting physical activity guidelines declines with age. Therefore, there should be additional support offered to older adults to encourage them to sustain this level of physical activity post pandemic.
5．How long does WHO recommend one exercise per week
A．2 hours and a half of medium exercise. B．2 hours of vigorous exercise.
C．150 minutes of vigorous exercise. D．75 minutes of middling exercise.
6．Who performed better in meeting the guidelines during the COVID-19 lockdown
A．Older adults. B．Teenagers.
C．Younger adults. D．Middle aged men.
7．What is behind the overall levels of exercise higher than expected
A．Higher income. B．Added spare time.
C．Concern for health. D．Better education.
8．What can we know from the last paragraph
A．The more one earns, the less he works out.
B．The busier one gets, the more he works out.
C．The older one becomes, the less he works out.
D．The less freedom one has, the more he works out.
As the world’s oldest person, Kane Tanaka died at 119 at a nursing home in Japan in April, 2022. She is also the first citizen of Japan to live so long, but is unlikely to be the last. The country has the world’s longest life expectancy, with 80,000 people aged at 100 years old or older.
Diet helps a lot with the unusual longevity enjoyed in Japan. Japan largely banned meat for 1200 years, and still consumes relatively little meat and dairy. Too much of these can be damaging, since they contain saturated fatty acids(饱和脂肪酸), which correlate to heart disease. Studies have also tied eating lots of processed red meat to a greater risk of stroke. But too little may be unwise as well, because they provide chemical substance that may be needed for our blood-tube walls. In a study of 48,000 Britons, vegetarians were unusually resistant to heart disease, but likely to suffer from strokes.
In theory, a lack of animal-based food could have contributed to Japan’s historical cerebrovascular(脑血管) death rate. In 1960-2013, as the country’s deaths from strokes reduced, its annual meat intake rose from near zero to 52kg per person (45% of America's level). Tsugane Shoichiro of the National Cancer Centre in Tokyo says that his citizens may need meat and dairy to keep their blood tubes strong—though not so much that those tubes get blocked.
Some evidence supports this view. One study from the 1990s found that the parts of Japan where diets had changed most also had the biggest drops in cerebrovascular death rate. Another study, which tracked 80,000 Japanese people in 1995-2009, showed that strokes were most common among those who ate the least chops and cream. Although Japan’s decline in cerebrovascular deaths could stem from other causes, these data suggest that nutritional shifts may have helped.
The true story is that Japan’s health gains, paired with a low birth rate, threaten its economy. By 2060, 40% of Japanese could be 60 or older. That would produce more birthday cakes with over 100 candles—and fewer great-grandchildren to blow them out.
9．Why is Kane Tanaka mentioned
A．To provide evidence. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To promote an idea. D．To make comparison.
10．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．The weakness in Japanese diet. B．The secret to Japanese longevity.
C．The diet changes in the world. D．The effect of different diets.
11．What does the underlined “this view” mean
A．A balanced diet is a better choice for Japanese.
B．Japanese should live on animal-based food.
C．Meat and diary protects people from heart diseases.
D．More research on diet needs to be done.
12．How does the author sound in the last paragraph
A．Happy. B．Relieved. C．Embarrassed. D．Concerned.
二、七选五
Making and breaking habits isn’t just a matter of willpower. ____13____ These three steps can really help, says psychologist Wendy Wood, the author of Good Habits, Bad Habits.
____14____
If you are worried about a task, you’ll be far less likely to take it. ____15____ Wood suggests pairing a not so-enjoyable activity with one you enjoy. Not looking forward to 30 minutes on a treadmill (跑步机) Turn on the show you’re currently watching. “We’re more likely to repeat what’s fun and rewarding in some way.” Wood says.
Drive home by the gym, not the bakery.
Habits go hand in hand with the surroundings, Wood says. When your surroundings stay the same, it’s that much harder to create meaningful changes. ____16____ Switching up the surroundings in minor but creative ways can also help old habits fade and set the stage for new ones. For example, if you usually stop at a fast-food restaurant on your way home from work, reroute it so you drive by the park or gym instead.
Keep your running shoes by the door.
A data analytic company tracked people through their phones, and they found that those who traveled 3.7 miles to the gym went about five times a month, while those with a 5.1-mile trip went only once a month. That represents convenience makes it more likely you’ll do something. ____17____ It can be keeping your sneakers in plain sight, joining the closest fitness center, or stuffing your fridge with healthy easy-prep foods.
A．Maintain the routine you’ve created.
B．Watch hot broadcast while you work out.
C．However, you don’t have to shift your house.
D．So consider what you can do to make your habits feel like child’s play.
E．The harder you work, the easier it becomes for you to sustain your interests.
F．Set yourself up for positive change by making your new behaviors more enjoyable.
G．Indeed, tested strategies can rid you of negative patterns and move you toward the positive.
三、完形填空
America’s eating habits have changed radically over the past 40 years. We consume more and more food of less and less nutritional value. The nation’s adult obesity rate is now 42.4%.
Why have our habits changed Part of the reason is demographic (人口学的). When women moved into the workplace, ____18____, there was less time at home to devote to cooking. The result has been more eating out or store-bought prepared meals. ____19____ has played a role, too: The microwave oven ____20____ an industry of highly processed fools larded with fats and oils.
In Hooked, Michael Moss, a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, raises a question — What if the foods we’re swallowing have been designed and marked to become addictive While presenting his case, Mr. Moss offers an appealing tour of America’s food ____21____, taking side trips into biology and psychology and, not least, into the world of food compounds.
Mr. Moss begins with the science of addition. The definition of addiction he likes best —“a repetitive behavior that some people find difficult to quit”— comes from a one-time chief executive of Philip Morris.
As for the ____22____ that affects our food choices, Mr. Moss notes that, while it takes l0 seconds for the brain to feel the effects of cigarettes, sugar’s effects are felt 20 times faster — and salt and fat don’t take much longer than that. The difference ____23____ nicotine (尼古丁) needing to enter the bloodstream to reach the brain, while sugar and salt take a ____24____ through the taste buds (味蕾). But the tongue is ____25____ by the nose when it comes to driving our eating decisions. While there are 10,000 taste buds, there are 10 million olfactory receptors (嗅觉受体), and they can detect hundreds of scents. “Flavor is the combination of taste and smell,” writes Mr. Moss, “and the lion’s share of the ____26____ in this goes to smell.”
Or all the substances that can get us hooked, Mr. Moss says, “nothing is faster than food when it comes to _____27_____ the brain chemistry. Certain kinds of food, that is.” The consumption of the highly processed and sweetened concoctions (调制品) that dominate the American diet: cereals, sodas, fruit juices, cookies, packaged meats, as well as salad dressing and pasta sauces delivers intense and immediate pleasure and creates a need that fits Mr. Moss’s broad definition of addiction.
Why are we only now seeing the harmful effects of the food-induced brain chemistry Mr. Moss summarizes the thinking of one of the scientists be profiles: “We simply haven’t had the _____28_____ we would need, in relation to evolution, to catch up with the dramatic changes in food production and our eating habits of the past forty years.”
One major theme of “Hooked” is that the food industry exploits this _____29_____— even creates it. Mr. Moss argues that the industry’s growth has been enabled by its “manipulation of our _____30_____ desires,” not least through marketing and sales strategies. He describes companies super-sizing their products (such as the “Double Stuf” Oreo) and creating packaging that can remain _____31_____ (thus easing consumption while, say, driving). One byproduct of these strategies, observes Mr. Moss, is that snacks — often processed products with high convenience but low nutritional value — now account for about 25% of daily calorie consumption. Social norms have adjusted themselves _____32_____: It has become “socially acceptable to eat anything, anywhere, anytime,” Mr. Moss writes.
18．A．for instance B．after all C．vice versa D．in addition
19．A．Marketing B．Service C．Technology D．Efficiency
20．A．made up for B．cast light on C．gave birth to D．went in for
21．A．industry B．landscape C．market D．production
22．A．biology B．psychology C．mindset D．mentality
23．A．hides from B．stems from C．shifts from D．emerges from
24．A．shortcut B．bow C．twist D．chance
25．A．compared B．paralleled C．leveled D．overtaken
26．A．decision B．route C．credit D．benefit
27．A．checking out B．stirring up C．paying off D．responding to
28．A．temper B．limit C．gap D．time
29．A．mismatch B．consumption C．rate D．pride
30．A．intellectual B．rebellious C．instinctual D．conditional
31．A．distinctive B．stylish C．upright D．appetizing
32．A．positively B．progressively C．unexpectedly D．accordingly
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
语法填空
Some people think that they will get ill if they use their brains too much. It is not ____33____(complete) true. Through many studies, scientists show us that the ____34____(much) you use your brain, the better it will be and the____35____(clever) you will become.
Of course, if you want to keep your mind clear and active， you must take a proper rest and study ____36____(proper). To the teenagers, using their brains in the morning is good for their health.
There are many ways to rest. One is a ____37____(peace) rest. Sleep is a peaceful rest. Another is an ____38____(act) rest. For example, take a walk outdoors and do more exercise every day. To change the way of brains’ activities is also an ____39____(effect) way to rest.
In everyday life, ____40____(regular) eating some eggs, meat, fresh vegetables and fruit is also ____41____(benefit) to the brains.
Wish you to live _____42_____(happy) and stay healthy and young for ever.
五、根据首字母填写单词
43．The whole experience was definitely more positive than n______.（根据首字母单词拼写）
44．To r________ themselves, the employees in the company usually have a coffee or tea during their break time. （根据首字母单词拼写）
45．He walked on the opposite side of the street to r______ his memory of the building. (根据首字母单词拼写)
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
46．It’s natural for people to ___________(钦佩) and follow public figures they like, but it’s also unnecessary to get overly curious about these people’s private affairs. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
47．We all know that smoking is bad for our ______________ (身体的) health.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
48．The company plans to _________ (赞助) this television programme for marketing profits. （根据汉语提示填空）
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
49．She tiptoed the room quietly so as not to d________ (打扰，扰乱) the sleeping baby. (根据中英文提示填空)
50．He has authority, but he doesn’t try to d________ (支配；控制) others. (根据中英文提示填空)
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
51．Only then did I realize that it was foolish of me to ________ all of my friends and never contact them. (脱离) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
52．Bill________(受到激励)the challenge. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
53．He dreamed a terrible dream, which was so vivid that it ________ (使他不安) for days. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
九、句型转换
54．It is well known that China is a great country with a long history.(句型转换)
→________, China is a great country with a long history.
55．To find a way to solve the problem is very easy for you. (改为用it作形式主语)
______ ______ very easy ______ ______ to find a way to solve the problem.
十、汉译英（整句）
56．只要读诗之旅能让你领悟到新的东西，你的努力就会得到回报。( perceive, reward ) （汉译英）
57．组织者考虑周到，在活动前说清楚活动规则以及需要带的必需品。（it作形式主语，considerate，clarify，necessity）（汉译英）
58．同样，我们应该依赖对未来客观的设想和现在自身的努力来实现自己的梦想。（likewise，rely on，objective，vision）(汉译英)
十一、汉译英（单词/短语）
汉译英
59．喜剧表演 ________
60．因为……而道歉 ________
61．某人的幽默感 ________
62．走开 ________
63．邀请某人去探索一个新的城镇 ________
64．用一个笑话振奋情绪 ________
65．保持积极 ________
66．找到回去的路 ________
67．因为……而笑 ________
68．觉得受了伤害 ________
69．摔倒 ________
70．以戏剧性的方式 ________
71．使某人感觉好一些 ________
72．避而不提他摔倒的事 ________
十二、读写任务
73．请阅读下面文字及图片，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Mr Duman, 29-year-old, lives at the Humanitas care home in Deventer, in central Holland. His housemates’ average age is over 85. He has been there for three years, along with five other students from nearby universities and around 150 elderly residents. They are part of a project starting in 2012 that provides them with free housing in exchange for 30 hours per month of their time living as a “good neighbour”. Only one activity is compulsory: preparing and serving a meal on weekday evenings.
Such projects could help fight loneliness, an increasing problem across the world. The very old, migrants, the sick or disabled, and singletons are most at risk of feeling lonely. It goes hand in hand with social isolation. Creating a space for the elderly to mix with youngsters can lift spirits—and help youngsters without enough money.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概括上述信息的主要内容； 2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：
（1）简要分析年轻人住进养老院这一现象的原因；
（2）你对这种新型陪伴方式持什么观点？说明你的理由（至少两点）。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
十三、完成句子
74．这个小组是否将由那些科学家组成依然是悬而未解的问题。
________ this team will be ________ ________ those scientists remains an unanswered question.
75．I ____________ to a famous university.
我很想上一所名牌大学。
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。。文章主要介绍科学家们通过研究发现运动可以让人的大脑更好得思考，可以让人更健康，无论是婴儿还是老人都如此。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段话“According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels（血管）, including those in the brain stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better.(根据她的研究，运动似乎可以使血管，包括大脑中的血管更强壮、更充分地发育。卡梅隆博士确信这能让锻炼的人更好地思考)”可知，卡梅隆博士的研究表明运动能帮助我们更好地思考。故选B项。
2．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段话“She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in primary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. Babies need movement that encourages and excites their five senses. They need to set up a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to connect physical activity with higher learning,(她认为，许多孩子在小学或高中时的学习障碍都可以trace到婴儿时期缺乏运动。婴儿需要运动来鼓励和刺激他们的五种感官。他们需要在动作和记忆之间建立联系。这样，随着年龄的增长，孩子们将开始把体育活动与高等学习联系起来)”可知，孩子在小学和高中学习时遇到的问题可以用动作和记忆联系，这跟婴儿时期缺少锻炼有关系。因此空格处trace可理解为“寻找问题的起源”，故选D项。
3．细节理解题。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main aim is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.(对大多数人来说，任何能提高心率的体育活动都是有益的。主要目的是增加大脑的血流量。你的大脑可以从每周两到三个小时的锻炼中受益)”可知，对于大多数人来说，获得运动带来的益处所需的最小运动量是每周2个小时。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的“while we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain.(虽然我们已经知道运动对心脏有好处，但运动实际上会引起大脑的物理变化)”，第二段的“The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies.(运动对大脑发育的影响甚至可以在婴儿身上看到)”和第三段的“Older people can develop their brains as well.(老年人的大脑也能得到发展)”可知，文本从各方面阐述了运动有助于大脑生长。故选C项。
5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于COVID-19封锁期间，英国成年人参加体育活动时间的研究。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The research found that 75% of UK adults had met the World Health Organization’s physical activity recommendations of 150 minutes of middling physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous (研究发现，75%的英国成年人达到了世界卫生组织推荐的每周150分钟中等强度体育活动或75分钟高强度体育活动的标准)”可知，世卫组织建议每周进行一次150分钟中等强度体育活动，即2个半小时中等强度运动。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The new study found that women, older adults, and those with a higher annual household income were significantly more likely to meet the WHO’s physical activity guidelines. This is the opposite of studies carried out before the pandemic, where men and younger adults were found to have higher levels of physical activity.(这项新研究发现，女性、老年人和家庭年收入较高的人更有可能符合世界卫生组织的体育活动指南。这与大流行前进行的研究相反，在研究中发现男性和年轻人的体育活动水平更高)”可知，在COVID-19封锁期间，女性、老年人和家庭年收入较高的人体育活动水平更高，在达标世界卫生组织的体育活动指南方面表现得更好，A项符合题意。故选A项。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The overall levels of physical activity are higher than we were expecting. It may be that the UK public have experienced an increase in free time and used this time to be physically active.(身体活动的总体水平高于我们的预期。这可能是因为英国公众的自由时间增加了，并利用这段时间进行体育锻炼)”可知，额外的空闲时间导致整体运动水平高于预期。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Typically, the proportion (比例) of UK adults meeting physical activity guidelines declines with age. Therefore, there should be additional support offered to older adults to encourage them to sustain this level of physical activity post pandemic.(通常情况下，英国成年人达到身体活动准则的比例会随着年龄的增长而下降。因此，应该向老年人提供额外的支持，鼓励他们在大流行后保持这种水平的体育活动)”可推知，通常情况下，年纪越大，锻炼就越少。故选C项。
9．B 10．D 11．A 12．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了饮食习惯对日本人罕见的长寿有很大帮助。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As the world’s oldest person, Kane Tanaka died at 119 at a nursing home in Japan in April, 2022. She is also the first citizen of Japan to live so long, but is unlikely to be the last.”(世界上最长寿的人田中凯恩于2022年4月在日本一家养老院去世，享年119岁。她也是第一位活得这么久的日本公民，但不太可能是最后一位)以及第二段中“Diet helps a lot with the unusual longevity enjoyed in Japan.”(饮食习惯对日本人罕见的长寿有很大帮助)可知，文章提到Kane Tanaka是为了介绍主题。故选B项。
10．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Japan largely banned meat for 1200 years, and still consumes relatively little meat and dairy. Too much of these can be damaging, since they contain saturated fatty acids, which correlate to heart disease. Studies have also tied eating lots of processed red meat to a greater risk of stroke. But too little may be unwise as well, because they provide chemical substance that may be needed for our blood-tube walls. In a study of 48,000 Britons, vegetarians were unusually resistant to heart disease, but likely to suffer from strokes.”(日本在1200年的时间里基本上禁止吃肉，现在仍然消耗相对较少的肉类和奶制品。过量食用这些食物可能有害，因为它们含有与心脏病有关的饱和脂肪酸。研究还表明，吃大量加工过的红肉会增加中风的风险。但是太少也可能是不明智的，因为它们提供的化学物质可能是我们的血管壁所需要的。在一项针对4.8万名英国人的研究中，素食者对心脏病的抵抗力异常强，但很可能患中风)可知，第二段主要讲的是不同饮食的影响。故选D项。
11．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Tsugane Shoichiro of the National Cancer Centre in Tokyo says that his citizens may need meat and dairy to keep their blood tubes strong—though not so much that those tubes get blocked.”(东京国家癌症中心的Tsugane Shoichiro说，他的公民可能需要肉类和奶制品来保持他们的血液管道强健——尽管还不至于让这些管道堵塞)以及第四段中“One study from the 1990s found that the parts of Japan where diets had changed most also had the biggest drops in cerebrovascular death rate. Another study, which tracked 80,000 Japanese people in 1995-2009, showed that strokes were most common among those who ate the least chops and cream.”(20世纪90年代的一项研究发现，日本饮食变化最大的地区，脑血管死亡率下降幅度也最大。另一项在1995年至2009年间跟踪调查了8万名日本人的研究显示，中风最常见的是那些吃排骨和奶油最少的人)可知，主要讲的是公民可能需要肉类和奶制品来保持他们的血液管道强健，日本饮食变化最大的地区，脑血管死亡率下降幅度也最大。故可推知，下划线的“this view”指的是均衡的饮食对日本人来说是更好的选择。故选A项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The true story is that Japan’s health gains, paired with a low birth rate, threaten its economy. By 2060, 40% of Japanese could be 60 or older. That would produce more birthday cakes with over 100 candles—and fewer great-grandchildren to blow them out.”(真实的情况是，日本健康水平的提高，加上低出生率，正威胁着其经济。到2060年，40%的日本人可能年满60岁。这将产生更多的拥有超过100支蜡烛的生日蛋糕，而更少的曾孙要吹灭它们)故可推知，作者最后一段表示出了担心的观点和态度。故选D项。
13．G 14．B 15．F 16．C 17．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过三个步骤让自己积极地去锻炼。
13．根据前句“Making and breaking habits isn’t just a matter of willpower.(养成和改掉习惯不仅仅是意志力的问题。)”和后句“These three steps can really help, says psychologist Wendy Wood, the author of Good Habits, Bad Habits.(这三个步骤真的很有帮助，《好习惯，坏习惯》的作者、心理学家温迪·伍德说)”可知，此处为承上启下句，养成好的习惯有策略可循。所以选择项G“Indeed, tested strategies can rid you of negative patterns and move you toward the positive.(事实上，经过测试的策略可以让你摆脱消极模式，向积极方向发展)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
14．根据下文“Not looking forward to 30 minutes on a treadmill Turn on the show you're currently watching. (不是期待30分钟在跑步机上跑步吗 打开你正在看的节目)”可知，本段主要介绍在家锻炼时可以看电视节目。所以选择项B“Watch hot broadcast while you work out. (在你锻炼的时候看一些热门节目)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
15．根据前句“If you are worried about a task, you’ll be far less likely to take it.(如果你担心一项任务，你就不太可能接受它)”和后句“Wood suggests pairing a not so-enjoyable activity with one you enjoy. (伍德建议将不太愉快的活动与你喜欢的活动配对)”可知，用新的方式去完成自己不想接受的任务。所以选择项F“Set yourself up for positive change by making your new behaviors more enjoyable. (通过让你的新行为更愉快，让自己积极地改变)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
16．根据前句“When your surroundings stay the same, it’s that much harder to create meaningful changes.(当你周围的环境保持不变时，要想做出有意义的改变就会困难得多)”和“Switching up the surroundings in minor but creative ways can also help old habits fade and set the stage for new ones. (用小而有创意的方式改变周围的环境，也能帮助旧习惯消失，为新习惯做好准备。)”可知，小的改变就会有大的不同。所以选择项C“However, you don’t have to shift your house. (然而，你不需要搬家)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
17．根据前句“That represents convenience makes it more likely you’ll do something. (这代表了方便让你更有可能做一些事情)”和后句“It can be keeping your sneakers in plain sight, joining the closest fitness center, or stuffing your fridge with healthy easy-prep foods. (它可以是把你的运动鞋放在显眼的地方，加入最近的健身中心，或在你的冰箱里塞满健康的容易准备的食物)”可知，通过考虑做事的方式来改变习惯。所以选择项D“So consider what you can do to make your habits feel like child's play. (所以，考虑一下你能做些什么来让你的习惯感觉像孩子的游戏)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
18．A 19．C 20．C 21．B 22．A 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．C 32．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在过去的40年里，美国人的饮食习惯发生了巨大的变化。文章介绍了发生变化的原因及产生的后果。
18．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，当女性进入职场后，她们在家做饭的时间就变少了。A. for instance例如；B. after all毕竟；C. vice versa反之亦然；D. in addition此外。根据下文“ there was less time at home to devote to cooking. ”可知，此处在举例子。故选A。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科技也起到了一定的作用：微波炉产生了一个高度加工的、富含脂肪和油的傻瓜产业。A. Marketing销售；B. Service服务；C. Technology科技；D. Efficiency效率。根据下文“The microwave oven 3 an industry of highly processed fools larded with fats and oils.”可知，科技在饮食习惯发生改变中也起到了一定的作用。故选C。
20．考查动词短语辨析。句意：科技也起到了一定的作用：微波炉产生了一个高度加工的、富含脂肪和油的傻瓜产业。A. made up for弥补；B. cast light on使……的真相大白；C. gave birth to产生；D. went in for参与。根据空后“an industry of highly processed fools larded with fats and oils.”可知，此处指微波炉产生了一个高度加工的、富含脂肪和油的傻瓜产业。故选C。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在阐述自己的观点时，莫斯先生对美国的食品景观进行了一次吸引人的旅行，他还顺便探讨了生物学和心理学，尤其是食品化合物的世界。A. industry工业；B. landscape景观；C. market市场；D. production生产。根据空前“Mr. Moss offers an appealing tour”可知，此处指对美国的食品景观进行了一次吸引人的旅行。故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于影响我们食物选择的生物学因素，莫斯指出，虽然大脑只需要10秒就能感受到香烟的影响，但糖的影响要快20倍——盐和脂肪的时间也不会比这长多少。A. biology生物学；B. psychology心理状态；C. mindset观念模式；D. mentality思维方式。根据下文“while it takes l0 seconds for the brain to feel the effects of cigarettes, sugar’s effects are felt 20 times faster”可知，此处指影响我们食物选择的生物学因素。故选A。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种差异源于尼古丁需要进入血液才能到达大脑，而糖和盐则通过味蕾走捷径。A. hides from隐瞒；B. stems from源于；C. shifts from转变；D. emerges from出现于。根据上文“while it takes l0 seconds for the brain to feel the effects of cigarettes, sugar’s effects are felt 20 times faster — and salt and fat don’t take much longer than that.”及空后“nicotine (尼古丁) needing to enter the bloodstream to reach the brain. while sugar and salt take a 7 through the taste buds (味蕾).”可知，此处指这种差异的来源。故选B。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种差异源于尼古丁需要进入血液才能到达大脑，而糖和盐则通过味蕾走捷径。A. shortcut捷径；B. bow鞠躬；C. twist手腕；D. chance机会。根据上文“while it takes l0 seconds for the brain to feel the effects of cigarettes, sugar’s effects are felt 20 times faster — and salt and fat don’t take much longer than that.”可知，糖和盐通过味蕾走了捷径。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当我们决定吃什么时，舌头比鼻子更重要。A. compared相比；B. paralleled与……并行；C. leveled使平整；D. overtaken超过。根据下文“While there are 10,000 taste buds, there are 10 million olfactory receptors (嗅觉受体), and they can detect hundreds of scents.”可知，当我们决定吃什么时，舌头比鼻子更灵敏、更重要。故选D。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“味道是味觉和嗅觉的结合，”莫斯写道，“这其中最大的功劳要归功于嗅觉。”A. decision决定；B. route路线；C. credit信誉；D. benefit好处。习语表达the lion’s share of the credit“最大的功劳”。故选C。
27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：莫斯说，在所有能让我们上瘾的物质中，“在激起大脑化学反应方面，没有什么比食物更快了。也就是某些种类的食物。”A. checking out检查；B. stirring up激起；C. paying off偿还；D. responding to应对。根据空后“the brain chemistry”可知，此处指激起大脑化学反应。故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就进化而言，我们根本没有足够的时间来跟上过去四十年来食物生产和饮食习惯的巨大变化。A. temper脾气；B. limit限制；C. gap差距；D. time时间。根据下文“to catch up with the dramatic changes in food production and our eating habits of the past forty years”可知，此处指我们根本没有足够的时间来跟上过去四十年来食物生产和饮食习惯的巨大变化。故选D。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Hooked的一个主要主题是食品工业利用了这种不匹配，甚至是制造了这种不匹配。A. mismatch不匹配；B. consumption消费；C. rate率；D. pride骄傲。根据上文“He describes companies super-sizing their products (such as the “Double Stuf” Oreo) and creating packaging that can remain 14 (thus easing consumption while, say, driving).”可知，此处指食品工业利用了这种不匹配，甚至是制造了这种不匹配。故选A。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：莫斯认为，该行业的增长得益于“对我们本能欲望的操纵”，尤其是通过营销和销售策略。A. intellectual理智的；B. rebellious叛逆的；C. instinctual本能的；D. conditional有条件的。根据下文“He describes companies super-sizing their products (such as the “Double Stuf” Oreo) and creating packaging that can remain 14 (thus easing consumption while, say, driving). One byproduct of these strategies, observes Mr. Moss, is that snacks — often processed products with high convenience but low nutritional value — now account for about 25% of daily calorie consumption.”可知，食品工业利用了对人们本能欲望的操纵。故选C。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他描述了一些公司加大产品的尺寸（比如“双层夹心”奥利奥），并创造了可以保持直立的包装（这样就可以在开车时方便食用）。A. distinctive；B. stylish；C. upright；D. appetizing。根据空后“thus casing consumption while, say, driving”及常识可知，直立的包装方便人们食用。故选C。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：社会规范也相应地进行了调整：“任何时间、任何地点吃任何东西都是可以被社会接受的，”莫斯写道。A. positively积极地；B. progressively逐步地；C. unexpectedly出乎意料地；D. accordingly相应地。根据空后“It has become “socially acceptable to eat anything, anywhere, anytime”可知，此处指社会规范也相应地进行了调整。故选D。
33．completely 34．more 35．cleverer 36．properly 37．peaceful 38．active 39．effective 40．regularly 41．beneficial 42．happily
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种方式，帮助读者锻炼大脑，使大脑永远保持活跃和年轻。
33．考查副词。句意：这并不完全属实。分析句子可知，空处需要填副词用于修饰形容词true，表示“完全正确”。提示词complete的副词形式为completely。故填completely。
34．考查固定用法。句意：你用脑越多，你的大脑就会变得越好。固定用法“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……就越……”符合句意且符合后文提示“the better”。故填more。
35．考查形容词的比较级。句意：你用脑越多，你的大脑就会变得越好，你就会变得越聪明。固定用法“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……就越……”。故空处需要填提示词clever的比较级形式。故填cleverer。
36．考查副词。句意：如果你想保持头脑清醒和活跃，你必须适当休息和适度学习。分析句子可知，空处需要填副词用于修饰动词study，提示词proper的副词形式为properly。故填properly。
37．考查形容词。句意：休息有很多方法。一是好好休息。分析句子可知，空处需要填形容词修饰名词rest作定语, 表示“好好的休息”，提示词peace的形容词形式为peaceful。故填peaceful。
38．考查形容词。句意：另一种是积极休息。分析句子可知，空处需要填形容词修饰名词rest作定语，表达“积极的休息”，提示词act的形容词形式为active。故填active。
39．考查形容词。句意：改变大脑的活动方式也是有效的休息方式。分析句子可知，空处需要填形容词修饰名词way作定语，表达“有效的方式”。提示词effect的形容词形式为effective。故填effective。
40．考查副词。句意：在日常生活中，有规律地吃一些鸡蛋、肉、新鲜蔬菜和水果也有益于大脑。分析句子可知，空处需要填副词修饰动词短语“eating some eggs, meat, fresh vegetables and fruit,”，提示词regular的副词形式为regularly。故填regularly。
41．考查形容词。句意：在日常生活中，有规律地吃一些鸡蛋、肉、新鲜蔬菜和水果也有益于大脑。固定短语be beneficial to意为“对……有好处”符合文意且符合空后的“to”。故填beneficial。
42．考查副词。句意：祝你生活愉快，永远保持健康和年轻。分析句子可知，空处需要填副词修饰动词live，提示词happy的副词形式为happily。故填happily。
43．negative##egative
【详解】考查形容词。句意：整个经历肯定是积极的多于消极的。根据首字母提示， 结合句意， negative消极的，作表语，符合题意。故填negative。
44．refresh##efresh
【详解】考查动词。句意：为了提神醒脑，公司的员工通常会在休息时间喝杯咖啡或茶。根据单词首字母以及句意“提神醒脑”可知应填动词refresh，此处作目的状语为不定式。故填refresh。
45．refresh##efresh
【详解】考查动词。句意：他走在街的对面，以唤起对那栋建筑物的记忆。根据单词首字母和句意“使恢复（记忆）；使记起”以及前文to可知，此处应用动词原形refresh构成不定式短语作目的状语。故填refresh。
46．admire
【详解】考查动词。人们崇拜和追随他们喜欢的公众人物是很自然的，但也没有必要对这些人的私生活过于好奇。句子分析可知，此句中“It”作形式主语，不定式“to _____(钦佩) and follow public figures they like”作真正主语，设空处应填动词原形，与follow并列，动词admire“钦佩；赞赏”符合句意。故填admire。
47．physical
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们都知道吸烟对我们的健康有害。形容词修饰后面的名词，作定语。根据汉语提示“身体的”可知是physical，故填physical。
48．sponsor
【详解】考查动词。句意：该公司计划赞助这个电视节目以获得营销利润。根据汉语提示“赞助”，可知应填动词sponsor，且上文为短语plan to do sth.，可知应填动词原形。故填sponsor。
49．disturb##isturb
【详解】考查动词。句意：她蹑手蹑脚悄悄地走进房间，以免惊扰熟睡的婴儿。根据首字母以及汉语提示可知，应填动词disturb，且此处为短语so as not to do sth.。故填disturb。
50．dominate##ominate
【详解】考查动词。句意：他虽然有权威，但不会试图支配别人。根据句意和中英文提示可知应填入动词dominate构成不定式结构，作宾语。故填dominate。
51．break away from
【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：直到那时我才意识到，和所有的朋友断绝关系，从不联系他们，这是很愚蠢的。结合汉语提示和空格前不定式符号to可知，应填入动词短语break away from构成不定式短语作主语，意为“脱离， 放弃”，符合句意。故填break away from。
52．was stimulated by
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：比尔受到了挑战的刺激。空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，表示“受到激励”应用动词stimulate，且Bill与stimulate之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was stimulated by。
53．disturbed him
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他做了一个可怕的梦，这个梦是如此生动，以至于困扰了他好几天。表示“使……不安”应用动词disturb,分析句子结构可知应填谓语动词的形式，依据dreamed可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填disturbed him
54．As is well known
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，中国是一个有着悠久历史的伟大国家。此处改为非限制性定语从句，表示“众所周知”且位于句首应用as。故填As is well known。
55． It is for you
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：找到一个解决这个问题的办法对你来说是很简单的事情。原句中动词不定式短语To find a way to solve the problem 做主语的主系表结构，可以转换成it做形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式短语放在句子的后面。即It is very easy for you to find a way to solve the problem。故答案为It； is ；for； you。
56．As long as the journey of reading poetry can make you perceive something new, your efforts will be rewarded.
【详解】考查句式结构、动词时态及语态、短语、名词。表示“只要”应用句式结构as long as…，引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时或是情态动词+动词原形；表示“读诗之旅”短语为the journey of reading poetry，做从句的主语；表示“让你......”应用make you do sth.；表示“能”用情态动词can，表示“领悟到新的东西”表达为perceive something new，perceive是及物动词；“你的努力”表达为“your efforts”在主句中做主语；表示“回报”应用reward，reward是及物动词；“your efforts”与“reward”之间是被动关系。故翻译为：As long as the journey of reading poetry can make you perceive something new, your efforts will be rewarded.
57．It was considerate for organizers to clarify the rules and the necessary items to bring before the event.
【详解】考查名词，动词，代词，形容词，介词，动词不定式，连词，短语和时态。表示“组织者”应用名词organizer的复数形式，表示泛指；表示“考虑周到”应用形容词considerate；表示“活动”应用名词event；表示“在…前”应用介词before；表示“说清楚”应用动词clarify；表示“活动规则”应用名词rule的复数形式，表示泛指；表示“以及”应用连词and；表示“必需品”应用名词短语necessary items；“需要带的”是用来修饰“必需品”，所以用动词不定式短语做后置定语，表示将来的动作。根据要求，用it作形式主语，句子真正的主语“在活动前说清楚活动规则以及需要带的必需品”要用动词不定式短语的形式，整个句子用It+be+adj.+for sb. to do sth.的结构，表示“做某事是某人的……特点”。根据句子意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的动作，所以谓语用一般过去时。故答案为It was considerate for organizers to clarify the rules and the necessary items to bring before the event.
58．Likewise, we should rely on the objective vision of the future and our own efforts at present to realize our dreams.
【详解】考查副词、动词短语、形容词、名词。表示“同样”可用副词likewise；表示“依赖”可以rely on；表示“对未来客观的设想”可用the objective vision of the future；表示“现在自身的努力”可用our own efforts at present；表示“实现自己的梦想”可用realize our dream。should后接动词原形。故翻译为Likewise, we should rely on the objective vision of the future and our own efforts at present to realize our dreams.。
59．a comedy show 60．apologise (to sb.) for sth. 61．one’s sense of humor 62．walk off/walk away 63．invite sb. on an adventure to explore a new town 64．lift one’s/the mood with a joke 65．stay positive 66．find one’s way back 67．laugh about sth. 68．feel hurt 69．fall over 70．in a dramatic way 71．make sb. feel better 72．avoid mentioning his fall
【解析】59．喜剧表演，英文表达为a comedy show，故答案填a comedy show。
60．因为……而道歉，英文表达为apologise (to sb.) for sth.，故答案填apologise (to sb.) for sth.。
61．某人的幽默感，英文表达为one’s sense of humor，故答案填one’s sense of humor。
62．走开 ，英文表达为walk off/walk away，故答案填walk off/walk away。
63．邀请某人去探索一个新的城镇，“邀请某人去探索”invite sb. on an adventure to explore，“一个新的城镇”a new town，故答案填invite sb. on an adventure to explore a new town。
64．用一个笑话振奋情绪，“振奋情绪”lift one’s/the mood，“用一个笑话”with a joke，故答案填lift one’s/the mood with a joke。
65．保持积极，英文表达为stay positive，故答案填stay positive。
66．找到回去的路，英文表达为find one’s way back，故答案填find one’s way back。
67．因为……而笑，英文表达为laugh about sth.，故答案填laugh about sth.。
68．觉得受了伤害，英文表达为feel hurt，故答案填feel hurt。
69．摔倒 ，英文表达为fall over，故答案填fall over。
70．以戏剧性的方式，英文表达为in a dramatic way，故答案填in a dramatic way。
71．使某人感觉好一些，英文表达为make sb. feel better，故答案填make sb. feel better。
72．避而不提他摔倒的事，英文表达为avoid mentioning his fall，故答案填avoid mentioning his fall。
73．【概要】
The proportion of older people is steadily increasing in recent years in China. Meanwhile, a project in Holland, where young people live together with the elderly, benefits both sides.
【论述】
There are some reasons accounting for the phenomenon. As population ages, elderly people are becoming lonelier, which is harmful physically and mentally, so they applaud the presence of young people. Faced with huge economic pressure, young people are willing to live in nursing homes to ease the burden.
From where I stand, I am supportive of this new way of companionship. For the elderly, they will be less lonely and learn lots of new things from the young. Besides, staying with young people, they feel the vitality of life again. For young people, they become more patient and know how to care for others. Moreover, they can gain valuable life advice from the elderly. Companion is the longest confession, so the project really deserves credit.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于读写任务。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇属于读写任务：1. 用约30个单词概括上述信息的主要内容； 2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：（1）简要分析年轻人住进养老院这一现象的原因；（2）你对这种新型陪伴方式持什么观点？说明你的理由（至少两点）。写作要求：1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3. 不必写标题。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：steadily increasing in recent years（近年来稳步增长）；Faced with huge economic pressure（面临巨大的经济压力）；willing to live in nursing homes to ease the burden（愿意住在养老院来减轻负担）；等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。这篇文章概括了所有内容，要点突出，作者也阐明了自己的观点。同时文中使用了高级句子。As population ages, elderly people are becoming lonelier, which is harmful physically and mentally,句中使用which引导的非限制性定语从句；Faced with huge economic pressure, young people are willing to live in nursing homes to ease the burden.过去分词作时间状语；staying with young people, they feel the vitality of life again.现在分词在句中作时间状语；另外，From where I stand, Besides, Moreover,等的运用为文章增色添彩。
74． Whether comprised/composed of
【详解】考查主语从句和短语。分析句子结构可知，这是一个主语从句，主语是“这个小组是否将由那些科学家组成”，whether意为“是否”，引导主语从句，首字母大写，第一个空填Whether；短语be comprised of或者be composed of意为“组成”，第二个空填comprised/composed；第三个空填of。故填①Whether ②comprised/composed ③of。
75．desire to go
【详解】考查动词时态和非谓语动词。句意：我很想上一所名牌大学。desire to do sth.为固定用法，意为“想要做某事”，go to university意为“上大学”。此处陈述客观事实，需用一般现在时，主语是I，谓语动词使用原形desire，to go为动词不定式作宾语。故填desire to go。
答案第1页，共2页
答案第1页，共2页
一、阅读理解
Are you preparing a big test If so, you may want to go play some basketball in between hitting the book. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (血管), including those in the brain stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better. As she says, “while we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain.”
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. Even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a scientist, also believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in primary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. “Babies need movement that encourages and excites their five senses. They need to set up a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to connect physical activity with higher learning,” says Margaret.
Older people can develop their brains as well. Cornell University studied a group of seniors who have a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for babies, exercise for older people should not be simple. Learning some new skills or actions, such as with yoga or tai-chi helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main aim is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.
1．According to the passage, what is the connection between exercise and brain development
A．Exercise helps make our blood vessels.
B．Physical exercise helps us think better.
C．The brain needs special mental exercise.
D．The more exercise, the bigger brain.
2．The underlined word “traced” most probably means _______.
A．to find the result of something
B．to seek the details of something
C．to follow the example of something
D．to find the origin (起源)of something
3．The smallest amount of exercise required to gain any benefit may be ______.
A．two hours per week B．40 hours per week
C．three hours per day D．40 hours per month
4．What is the main idea of this passage
A．How exercise makes people strong.
B．How to get good scores on a test.
C．How exercise helps the brain.
D．How the brain can change.
New research published in the journal BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine indicates that men and younger adults have been less physically active during the COVID-19 lockdown.
The study, led by Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) and Ulster University, includes data from 911 UK adults who took part in an online survey which began on 17 March. The research found that 75% of UK adults had met the World Health Organization’s physical activity recommendations of 150 minutes of middling physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous (剧烈的) physical activity per week, since the introduction of social distancing regulations. This is higher than previous studies carried out before the COVID-19 pandemic, which found that between 58% and 66% of the UK adult population typically meet physical activity guidelines.
The new study found that women, older adults, and those with a higher annual household income were significantly more likely to meet the WHO’s physical activity guidelines. This is the opposite of studies carried out before the pandemic, where men and younger adults were found to have higher levels of physical activity.
Lead author Dr Lee Smith, Reader in Physical Activity and Public Health at ARU, said, “ The overall levels of physical activity are higher than we were expecting. It may be that the UK public have experienced an increase in free time and used this time to be physically active. Additionally, during the early stages of the outbreak, one of the few reasons to leave home was to take part in an hour of exercise. As well as offering a reason to go outside, this may have served as a target for some people. ”
Typically, the proportion (比例) of UK adults meeting physical activity guidelines declines with age. Therefore, there should be additional support offered to older adults to encourage them to sustain this level of physical activity post pandemic.
5．How long does WHO recommend one exercise per week
A．2 hours and a half of medium exercise. B．2 hours of vigorous exercise.
C．150 minutes of vigorous exercise. D．75 minutes of middling exercise.
6．Who performed better in meeting the guidelines during the COVID-19 lockdown
A．Older adults. B．Teenagers.
C．Younger adults. D．Middle aged men.
7．What is behind the overall levels of exercise higher than expected
A．Higher income. B．Added spare time.
C．Concern for health. D．Better education.
8．What can we know from the last paragraph
A．The more one earns, the less he works out.
B．The busier one gets, the more he works out.
C．The older one becomes, the less he works out.
D．The less freedom one has, the more he works out.
As the world’s oldest person, Kane Tanaka died at 119 at a nursing home in Japan in April, 2022. She is also the first citizen of Japan to live so long, but is unlikely to be the last. The country has the world’s longest life expectancy, with 80,000 people aged at 100 years old or older.
Diet helps a lot with the unusual longevity enjoyed in Japan. Japan largely banned meat for 1200 years, and still consumes relatively little meat and dairy. Too much of these can be damaging, since they contain saturated fatty acids(饱和脂肪酸), which correlate to heart disease. Studies have also tied eating lots of processed red meat to a greater risk of stroke. But too little may be unwise as well, because they provide chemical substance that may be needed for our blood-tube walls. In a study of 48,000 Britons, vegetarians were unusually resistant to heart disease, but likely to suffer from strokes.
In theory, a lack of animal-based food could have contributed to Japan’s historical cerebrovascular(脑血管) death rate. In 1960-2013, as the country’s deaths from strokes reduced, its annual meat intake rose from near zero to 52kg per person (45% of America's level). Tsugane Shoichiro of the National Cancer Centre in Tokyo says that his citizens may need meat and dairy to keep their blood tubes strong—though not so much that those tubes get blocked.
Some evidence supports this view. One study from the 1990s found that the parts of Japan where diets had changed most also had the biggest drops in cerebrovascular death rate. Another study, which tracked 80,000 Japanese people in 1995-2009, showed that strokes were most common among those who ate the least chops and cream. Although Japan’s decline in cerebrovascular deaths could stem from other causes, these data suggest that nutritional shifts may have helped.
The true story is that Japan’s health gains, paired with a low birth rate, threaten its economy. By 2060, 40% of Japanese could be 60 or older. That would produce more birthday cakes with over 100 candles—and fewer great-grandchildren to blow them out.
9．Why is Kane Tanaka mentioned
A．To provide evidence. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To promote an idea. D．To make comparison.
10．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．The weakness in Japanese diet. B．The secret to Japanese longevity.
C．The diet changes in the world. D．The effect of different diets.
11．What does the underlined “this view” mean
A．A balanced diet is a better choice for Japanese.
B．Japanese should live on animal-based food.
C．Meat and diary protects people from heart diseases.
D．More research on diet needs to be done.
12．How does the author sound in the last paragraph
A．Happy. B．Relieved. C．Embarrassed. D．Concerned.
二、七选五
Making and breaking habits isn’t just a matter of willpower. ____13____ These three steps can really help, says psychologist Wendy Wood, the author of Good Habits, Bad Habits.
____14____
If you are worried about a task, you’ll be far less likely to take it. ____15____ Wood suggests pairing a not so-enjoyable activity with one you enjoy. Not looking forward to 30 minutes on a treadmill (跑步机) Turn on the show you’re currently watching. “We’re more likely to repeat what’s fun and rewarding in some way.” Wood says.
Drive home by the gym, not the bakery.
Habits go hand in hand with the surroundings, Wood says. When your surroundings stay the same, it’s that much harder to create meaningful changes. ____16____ Switching up the surroundings in minor but creative ways can also help old habits fade and set the stage for new ones. For example, if you usually stop at a fast-food restaurant on your way home from work, reroute it so you drive by the park or gym instead.
Keep your running shoes by the door.
A data analytic company tracked people through their phones, and they found that those who traveled 3.7 miles to the gym went about five times a month, while those with a 5.1-mile trip went only once a month. That represents convenience makes it more likely you’ll do something. ____17____ It can be keeping your sneakers in plain sight, joining the closest fitness center, or stuffing your fridge with healthy easy-prep foods.
A．Maintain the routine you’ve created.
B．Watch hot broadcast while you work out.
C．However, you don’t have to shift your house.
D．So consider what you can do to make your habits feel like child’s play.
E．The harder you work, the easier it becomes for you to sustain your interests.
F．Set yourself up for positive change by making your new behaviors more enjoyable.
G．Indeed, tested strategies can rid you of negative patterns and move you toward the positive.
三、完形填空
America’s eating habits have changed radically over the past 40 years. We consume more and more food of less and less nutritional value. The nation’s adult obesity rate is now 42.4%.
Why have our habits changed Part of the reason is demographic (人口学的). When women moved into the workplace, ____18____, there was less time at home to devote to cooking. The result has been more eating out or store-bought prepared meals. ____19____ has played a role, too: The microwave oven ____20____ an industry of highly processed fools larded with fats and oils.
In Hooked, Michael Moss, a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, raises a question — What if the foods we’re swallowing have been designed and marked to become addictive While presenting his case, Mr. Moss offers an appealing tour of America’s food ____21____, taking side trips into biology and psychology and, not least, into the world of food compounds.
Mr. Moss begins with the science of addition. The definition of addiction he likes best —“a repetitive behavior that some people find difficult to quit”— comes from a one-time chief executive of Philip Morris.
As for the ____22____ that affects our food choices, Mr. Moss notes that, while it takes l0 seconds for the brain to feel the effects of cigarettes, sugar’s effects are felt 20 times faster — and salt and fat don’t take much longer than that. The difference ____23____ nicotine (尼古丁) needing to enter the bloodstream to reach the brain, while sugar and salt take a ____24____ through the taste buds (味蕾). But the tongue is ____25____ by the nose when it comes to driving our eating decisions. While there are 10,000 taste buds, there are 10 million olfactory receptors (嗅觉受体), and they can detect hundreds of scents. “Flavor is the combination of taste and smell,” writes Mr. Moss, “and the lion’s share of the ____26____ in this goes to smell.”
Or all the substances that can get us hooked, Mr. Moss says, “nothing is faster than food when it comes to _____27_____ the brain chemistry. Certain kinds of food, that is.” The consumption of the highly processed and sweetened concoctions (调制品) that dominate the American diet: cereals, sodas, fruit juices, cookies, packaged meats, as well as salad dressing and pasta sauces delivers intense and immediate pleasure and creates a need that fits Mr. Moss’s broad definition of addiction.
Why are we only now seeing the harmful effects of the food-induced brain chemistry Mr. Moss summarizes the thinking of one of the scientists be profiles: “We simply haven’t had the _____28_____ we would need, in relation to evolution, to catch up with the dramatic changes in food production and our eating habits of the past forty years.”
One major theme of “Hooked” is that the food industry exploits this _____29_____— even creates it. Mr. Moss argues that the industry’s growth has been enabled by its “manipulation of our _____30_____ desires,” not least through marketing and sales strategies. He describes companies super-sizing their products (such as the “Double Stuf” Oreo) and creating packaging that can remain _____31_____ (thus easing consumption while, say, driving). One byproduct of these strategies, observes Mr. Moss, is that snacks — often processed products with high convenience but low nutritional value — now account for about 25% of daily calorie consumption. Social norms have adjusted themselves _____32_____: It has become “socially acceptable to eat anything, anywhere, anytime,” Mr. Moss writes.
18．A．for instance B．after all C．vice versa D．in addition
19．A．Marketing B．Service C．Technology D．Efficiency
20．A．made up for B．cast light on C．gave birth to D．went in for
21．A．industry B．landscape C．market D．production
22．A．biology B．psychology C．mindset D．mentality
23．A．hides from B．stems from C．shifts from D．emerges from
24．A．shortcut B．bow C．twist D．chance
25．A．compared B．paralleled C．leveled D．overtaken
26．A．decision B．route C．credit D．benefit
27．A．checking out B．stirring up C．paying off D．responding to
28．A．temper B．limit C．gap D．time
29．A．mismatch B．consumption C．rate D．pride
30．A．intellectual B．rebellious C．instinctual D．conditional
31．A．distinctive B．stylish C．upright D．appetizing
32．A．positively B．progressively C．unexpectedly D．accordingly
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
语法填空
Some people think that they will get ill if they use their brains too much. It is not ____33____(complete) true. Through many studies, scientists show us that the ____34____(much) you use your brain, the better it will be and the____35____(clever) you will become.
Of course, if you want to keep your mind clear and active， you must take a proper rest and study ____36____(proper). To the teenagers, using their brains in the morning is good for their health.
There are many ways to rest. One is a ____37____(peace) rest. Sleep is a peaceful rest. Another is an ____38____(act) rest. For example, take a walk outdoors and do more exercise every day. To change the way of brains’ activities is also an ____39____(effect) way to rest.
In everyday life, ____40____(regular) eating some eggs, meat, fresh vegetables and fruit is also ____41____(benefit) to the brains.
Wish you to live _____42_____(happy) and stay healthy and young for ever.
五、根据首字母填写单词
43．The whole experience was definitely more positive than n______.（根据首字母单词拼写）
44．To r________ themselves, the employees in the company usually have a coffee or tea during their break time. （根据首字母单词拼写）
45．He walked on the opposite side of the street to r______ his memory of the building. (根据首字母单词拼写)
六、根据汉语意思填写单词
46．It’s natural for people to ___________(钦佩) and follow public figures they like, but it’s also unnecessary to get overly curious about these people’s private affairs. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
47．We all know that smoking is bad for our ______________ (身体的) health.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
48．The company plans to _________ (赞助) this television programme for marketing profits. （根据汉语提示填空）
七、根据中英文提示填写单词
49．She tiptoed the room quietly so as not to d________ (打扰，扰乱) the sleeping baby. (根据中英文提示填空)
50．He has authority, but he doesn’t try to d________ (支配；控制) others. (根据中英文提示填空)
八、根据所给汉语提示填空
51．Only then did I realize that it was foolish of me to ________ all of my friends and never contact them. (脱离) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
52．Bill________(受到激励)the challenge. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
53．He dreamed a terrible dream, which was so vivid that it ________ (使他不安) for days. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
九、句型转换
54．It is well known that China is a great country with a long history.(句型转换)
→________, China is a great country with a long history.
55．To find a way to solve the problem is very easy for you. (改为用it作形式主语)
______ ______ very easy ______ ______ to find a way to solve the problem.
十、汉译英（整句）
56．只要读诗之旅能让你领悟到新的东西，你的努力就会得到回报。( perceive, reward ) （汉译英）
57．组织者考虑周到，在活动前说清楚活动规则以及需要带的必需品。（it作形式主语，considerate，clarify，necessity）（汉译英）
58．同样，我们应该依赖对未来客观的设想和现在自身的努力来实现自己的梦想。（likewise，rely on，objective，vision）(汉译英)
十一、汉译英（单词/短语）
汉译英
59．喜剧表演 ________
60．因为……而道歉 ________
61．某人的幽默感 ________
62．走开 ________
63．邀请某人去探索一个新的城镇 ________
64．用一个笑话振奋情绪 ________
65．保持积极 ________
66．找到回去的路 ________
67．因为……而笑 ________
68．觉得受了伤害 ________
69．摔倒 ________
70．以戏剧性的方式 ________
71．使某人感觉好一些 ________
72．避而不提他摔倒的事 ________
十二、读写任务
73．请阅读下面文字及图片，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Mr Duman, 29-year-old, lives at the Humanitas care home in Deventer, in central Holland. His housemates’ average age is over 85. He has been there for three years, along with five other students from nearby universities and around 150 elderly residents. They are part of a project starting in 2012 that provides them with free housing in exchange for 30 hours per month of their time living as a “good neighbour”. Only one activity is compulsory: preparing and serving a meal on weekday evenings.
Such projects could help fight loneliness, an increasing problem across the world. The very old, migrants, the sick or disabled, and singletons are most at risk of feeling lonely. It goes hand in hand with social isolation. Creating a space for the elderly to mix with youngsters can lift spirits—and help youngsters without enough money.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概括上述信息的主要内容； 2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：
（1）简要分析年轻人住进养老院这一现象的原因；
（2）你对这种新型陪伴方式持什么观点？说明你的理由（至少两点）。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
十三、完成句子
74．这个小组是否将由那些科学家组成依然是悬而未解的问题。
________ this team will be ________ ________ those scientists remains an unanswered question.
75．I ____________ to a famous university.
我很想上一所名牌大学。
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。。文章主要介绍科学家们通过研究发现运动可以让人的大脑更好得思考，可以让人更健康，无论是婴儿还是老人都如此。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段话“According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels（血管）, including those in the brain stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better.(根据她的研究，运动似乎可以使血管，包括大脑中的血管更强壮、更充分地发育。卡梅隆博士确信这能让锻炼的人更好地思考)”可知，卡梅隆博士的研究表明运动能帮助我们更好地思考。故选B项。
2．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段话“She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in primary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. Babies need movement that encourages and excites their five senses. They need to set up a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to connect physical activity with higher learning,(她认为，许多孩子在小学或高中时的学习障碍都可以trace到婴儿时期缺乏运动。婴儿需要运动来鼓励和刺激他们的五种感官。他们需要在动作和记忆之间建立联系。这样，随着年龄的增长，孩子们将开始把体育活动与高等学习联系起来)”可知，孩子在小学和高中学习时遇到的问题可以用动作和记忆联系，这跟婴儿时期缺少锻炼有关系。因此空格处trace可理解为“寻找问题的起源”，故选D项。
3．细节理解题。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main aim is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.(对大多数人来说，任何能提高心率的体育活动都是有益的。主要目的是增加大脑的血流量。你的大脑可以从每周两到三个小时的锻炼中受益)”可知，对于大多数人来说，获得运动带来的益处所需的最小运动量是每周2个小时。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的“while we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain.(虽然我们已经知道运动对心脏有好处，但运动实际上会引起大脑的物理变化)”，第二段的“The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies.(运动对大脑发育的影响甚至可以在婴儿身上看到)”和第三段的“Older people can develop their brains as well.(老年人的大脑也能得到发展)”可知，文本从各方面阐述了运动有助于大脑生长。故选C项。
5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于COVID-19封锁期间，英国成年人参加体育活动时间的研究。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The research found that 75% of UK adults had met the World Health Organization’s physical activity recommendations of 150 minutes of middling physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous (研究发现，75%的英国成年人达到了世界卫生组织推荐的每周150分钟中等强度体育活动或75分钟高强度体育活动的标准)”可知，世卫组织建议每周进行一次150分钟中等强度体育活动，即2个半小时中等强度运动。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The new study found that women, older adults, and those with a higher annual household income were significantly more likely to meet the WHO’s physical activity guidelines. This is the opposite of studies carried out before the pandemic, where men and younger adults were found to have higher levels of physical activity.(这项新研究发现，女性、老年人和家庭年收入较高的人更有可能符合世界卫生组织的体育活动指南。这与大流行前进行的研究相反，在研究中发现男性和年轻人的体育活动水平更高)”可知，在COVID-19封锁期间，女性、老年人和家庭年收入较高的人体育活动水平更高，在达标世界卫生组织的体育活动指南方面表现得更好，A项符合题意。故选A项。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The overall levels of physical activity are higher than we were expecting. It may be that the UK public have experienced an increase in free time and used this time to be physically active.(身体活动的总体水平高于我们的预期。这可能是因为英国公众的自由时间增加了，并利用这段时间进行体育锻炼)”可知，额外的空闲时间导致整体运动水平高于预期。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Typically, the proportion (比例) of UK adults meeting physical activity guidelines declines with age. Therefore, there should be additional support offered to older adults to encourage them to sustain this level of physical activity post pandemic.(通常情况下，英国成年人达到身体活动准则的比例会随着年龄的增长而下降。因此，应该向老年人提供额外的支持，鼓励他们在大流行后保持这种水平的体育活动)”可推知，通常情况下，年纪越大，锻炼就越少。故选C项。
9．B 10．D 11．A 12．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了饮食习惯对日本人罕见的长寿有很大帮助。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As the world’s oldest person, Kane Tanaka died at 119 at a nursing home in Japan in April, 2022. She is also the first citizen of Japan to live so long, but is unlikely to be the last.”(世界上最长寿的人田中凯恩于2022年4月在日本一家养老院去世，享年119岁。她也是第一位活得这么久的日本公民，但不太可能是最后一位)以及第二段中“Diet helps a lot with the unusual longevity enjoyed in Japan.”(饮食习惯对日本人罕见的长寿有很大帮助)可知，文章提到Kane Tanaka是为了介绍主题。故选B项。
10．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Japan largely banned meat for 1200 years, and still consumes relatively little meat and dairy. Too much of these can be damaging, since they contain saturated fatty acids, which correlate to heart disease. Studies have also tied eating lots of processed red meat to a greater risk of stroke. But too little may be unwise as well, because they provide chemical substance that may be needed for our blood-tube walls. In a study of 48,000 Britons, vegetarians were unusually resistant to heart disease, but likely to suffer from strokes.”(日本在1200年的时间里基本上禁止吃肉，现在仍然消耗相对较少的肉类和奶制品。过量食用这些食物可能有害，因为它们含有与心脏病有关的饱和脂肪酸。研究还表明，吃大量加工过的红肉会增加中风的风险。但是太少也可能是不明智的，因为它们提供的化学物质可能是我们的血管壁所需要的。在一项针对4.8万名英国人的研究中，素食者对心脏病的抵抗力异常强，但很可能患中风)可知，第二段主要讲的是不同饮食的影响。故选D项。
11．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Tsugane Shoichiro of the National Cancer Centre in Tokyo says that his citizens may need meat and dairy to keep their blood tubes strong—though not so much that those tubes get blocked.”(东京国家癌症中心的Tsugane Shoichiro说，他的公民可能需要肉类和奶制品来保持他们的血液管道强健——尽管还不至于让这些管道堵塞)以及第四段中“One study from the 1990s found that the parts of Japan where diets had changed most also had the biggest drops in cerebrovascular death rate. Another study, which tracked 80,000 Japanese people in 1995-2009, showed that strokes were most common among those who ate the least chops and cream.”(20世纪90年代的一项研究发现，日本饮食变化最大的地区，脑血管死亡率下降幅度也最大。另一项在1995年至2009年间跟踪调查了8万名日本人的研究显示，中风最常见的是那些吃排骨和奶油最少的人)可知，主要讲的是公民可能需要肉类和奶制品来保持他们的血液管道强健，日本饮食变化最大的地区，脑血管死亡率下降幅度也最大。故可推知，下划线的“this view”指的是均衡的饮食对日本人来说是更好的选择。故选A项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The true story is that Japan’s health gains, paired with a low birth rate, threaten its economy. By 2060, 40% of Japanese could be 60 or older. That would produce more birthday cakes with over 100 candles—and fewer great-grandchildren to blow them out.”(真实的情况是，日本健康水平的提高，加上低出生率，正威胁着其经济。到2060年，40%的日本人可能年满60岁。这将产生更多的拥有超过100支蜡烛的生日蛋糕，而更少的曾孙要吹灭它们)故可推知，作者最后一段表示出了担心的观点和态度。故选D项。
13．G 14．B 15．F 16．C 17．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过三个步骤让自己积极地去锻炼。
13．根据前句“Making and breaking habits isn’t just a matter of willpower.(养成和改掉习惯不仅仅是意志力的问题。)”和后句“These three steps can really help, says psychologist Wendy Wood, the author of Good Habits, Bad Habits.(这三个步骤真的很有帮助，《好习惯，坏习惯》的作者、心理学家温迪·伍德说)”可知，此处为承上启下句，养成好的习惯有策略可循。所以选择项G“Indeed, tested strategies can rid you of negative patterns and move you toward the positive.(事实上，经过测试的策略可以让你摆脱消极模式，向积极方向发展)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
14．根据下文“Not looking forward to 30 minutes on a treadmill Turn on the show you're currently watching. (不是期待30分钟在跑步机上跑步吗 打开你正在看的节目)”可知，本段主要介绍在家锻炼时可以看电视节目。所以选择项B“Watch hot broadcast while you work out. (在你锻炼的时候看一些热门节目)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
15．根据前句“If you are worried about a task, you’ll be far less likely to take it.(如果你担心一项任务，你就不太可能接受它)”和后句“Wood suggests pairing a not so-enjoyable activity with one you enjoy. (伍德建议将不太愉快的活动与你喜欢的活动配对)”可知，用新的方式去完成自己不想接受的任务。所以选择项F“Set yourself up for positive change by making your new behaviors more enjoyable. (通过让你的新行为更愉快，让自己积极地改变)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
16．根据前句“When your surroundings stay the same, it’s that much harder to create meaningful changes.(当你周围的环境保持不变时，要想做出有意义的改变就会困难得多)”和“Switching up the surroundings in minor but creative ways can also help old habits fade and set the stage for new ones. (用小而有创意的方式改变周围的环境，也能帮助旧习惯消失，为新习惯做好准备。)”可知，小的改变就会有大的不同。所以选择项C“However, you don’t have to shift your house. (然而，你不需要搬家)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
17．根据前句“That represents convenience makes it more likely you’ll do something. (这代表了方便让你更有可能做一些事情)”和后句“It can be keeping your sneakers in plain sight, joining the closest fitness center, or stuffing your fridge with healthy easy-prep foods. (它可以是把你的运动鞋放在显眼的地方，加入最近的健身中心，或在你的冰箱里塞满健康的容易准备的食物)”可知，通过考虑做事的方式来改变习惯。所以选择项D“So consider what you can do to make your habits feel like child's play. (所以，考虑一下你能做些什么来让你的习惯感觉像孩子的游戏)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
18．A 19．C 20．C 21．B 22．A 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．C 32．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在过去的40年里，美国人的饮食习惯发生了巨大的变化。文章介绍了发生变化的原因及产生的后果。
18．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，当女性进入职场后，她们在家做饭的时间就变少了。A. for instance例如；B. after all毕竟；C. vice versa反之亦然；D. in addition此外。根据下文“ there was less time at home to devote to cooking. ”可知，此处在举例子。故选A。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科技也起到了一定的作用：微波炉产生了一个高度加工的、富含脂肪和油的傻瓜产业。A. Marketing销售；B. Service服务；C. Technology科技；D. Efficiency效率。根据下文“The microwave oven 3 an industry of highly processed fools larded with fats and oils.”可知，科技在饮食习惯发生改变中也起到了一定的作用。故选C。
20．考查动词短语辨析。句意：科技也起到了一定的作用：微波炉产生了一个高度加工的、富含脂肪和油的傻瓜产业。A. made up for弥补；B. cast light on使……的真相大白；C. gave birth to产生；D. went in for参与。根据空后“an industry of highly processed fools larded with fats and oils.”可知，此处指微波炉产生了一个高度加工的、富含脂肪和油的傻瓜产业。故选C。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在阐述自己的观点时，莫斯先生对美国的食品景观进行了一次吸引人的旅行，他还顺便探讨了生物学和心理学，尤其是食品化合物的世界。A. industry工业；B. landscape景观；C. market市场；D. production生产。根据空前“Mr. Moss offers an appealing tour”可知，此处指对美国的食品景观进行了一次吸引人的旅行。故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于影响我们食物选择的生物学因素，莫斯指出，虽然大脑只需要10秒就能感受到香烟的影响，但糖的影响要快20倍——盐和脂肪的时间也不会比这长多少。A. biology生物学；B. psychology心理状态；C. mindset观念模式；D. mentality思维方式。根据下文“while it takes l0 seconds for the brain to feel the effects of cigarettes, sugar’s effects are felt 20 times faster”可知，此处指影响我们食物选择的生物学因素。故选A。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种差异源于尼古丁需要进入血液才能到达大脑，而糖和盐则通过味蕾走捷径。A. hides from隐瞒；B. stems from源于；C. shifts from转变；D. emerges from出现于。根据上文“while it takes l0 seconds for the brain to feel the effects of cigarettes, sugar’s effects are felt 20 times faster — and salt and fat don’t take much longer than that.”及空后“nicotine (尼古丁) needing to enter the bloodstream to reach the brain. while sugar and salt take a 7 through the taste buds (味蕾).”可知，此处指这种差异的来源。故选B。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种差异源于尼古丁需要进入血液才能到达大脑，而糖和盐则通过味蕾走捷径。A. shortcut捷径；B. bow鞠躬；C. twist手腕；D. chance机会。根据上文“while it takes l0 seconds for the brain to feel the effects of cigarettes, sugar’s effects are felt 20 times faster — and salt and fat don’t take much longer than that.”可知，糖和盐通过味蕾走了捷径。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当我们决定吃什么时，舌头比鼻子更重要。A. compared相比；B. paralleled与……并行；C. leveled使平整；D. overtaken超过。根据下文“While there are 10,000 taste buds, there are 10 million olfactory receptors (嗅觉受体), and they can detect hundreds of scents.”可知，当我们决定吃什么时，舌头比鼻子更灵敏、更重要。故选D。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“味道是味觉和嗅觉的结合，”莫斯写道，“这其中最大的功劳要归功于嗅觉。”A. decision决定；B. route路线；C. credit信誉；D. benefit好处。习语表达the lion’s share of the credit“最大的功劳”。故选C。
27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：莫斯说，在所有能让我们上瘾的物质中，“在激起大脑化学反应方面，没有什么比食物更快了。也就是某些种类的食物。”A. checking out检查；B. stirring up激起；C. paying off偿还；D. responding to应对。根据空后“the brain chemistry”可知，此处指激起大脑化学反应。故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就进化而言，我们根本没有足够的时间来跟上过去四十年来食物生产和饮食习惯的巨大变化。A. temper脾气；B. limit限制；C. gap差距；D. time时间。根据下文“to catch up with the dramatic changes in food production and our eating habits of the past forty years”可知，此处指我们根本没有足够的时间来跟上过去四十年来食物生产和饮食习惯的巨大变化。故选D。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Hooked的一个主要主题是食品工业利用了这种不匹配，甚至是制造了这种不匹配。A. mismatch不匹配；B. consumption消费；C. rate率；D. pride骄傲。根据上文“He describes companies super-sizing their products (such as the “Double Stuf” Oreo) and creating packaging that can remain 14 (thus easing consumption while, say, driving).”可知，此处指食品工业利用了这种不匹配，甚至是制造了这种不匹配。故选A。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：莫斯认为，该行业的增长得益于“对我们本能欲望的操纵”，尤其是通过营销和销售策略。A. intellectual理智的；B. rebellious叛逆的；C. instinctual本能的；D. conditional有条件的。根据下文“He describes companies super-sizing their products (such as the “Double Stuf” Oreo) and creating packaging that can remain 14 (thus easing consumption while, say, driving). One byproduct of these strategies, observes Mr. Moss, is that snacks — often processed products with high convenience but low nutritional value — now account for about 25% of daily calorie consumption.”可知，食品工业利用了对人们本能欲望的操纵。故选C。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他描述了一些公司加大产品的尺寸（比如“双层夹心”奥利奥），并创造了可以保持直立的包装（这样就可以在开车时方便食用）。A. distinctive；B. stylish；C. upright；D. appetizing。根据空后“thus casing consumption while, say, driving”及常识可知，直立的包装方便人们食用。故选C。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：社会规范也相应地进行了调整：“任何时间、任何地点吃任何东西都是可以被社会接受的，”莫斯写道。A. positively积极地；B. progressively逐步地；C. unexpectedly出乎意料地；D. accordingly相应地。根据空后“It has become “socially acceptable to eat anything, anywhere, anytime”可知，此处指社会规范也相应地进行了调整。故选D。
33．completely 34．more 35．cleverer 36．properly 37．peaceful 38．active 39．effective 40．regularly 41．beneficial 42．happily
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种方式，帮助读者锻炼大脑，使大脑永远保持活跃和年轻。
33．考查副词。句意：这并不完全属实。分析句子可知，空处需要填副词用于修饰形容词true，表示“完全正确”。提示词complete的副词形式为completely。故填completely。
34．考查固定用法。句意：你用脑越多，你的大脑就会变得越好。固定用法“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……就越……”符合句意且符合后文提示“the better”。故填more。
35．考查形容词的比较级。句意：你用脑越多，你的大脑就会变得越好，你就会变得越聪明。固定用法“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……就越……”。故空处需要填提示词clever的比较级形式。故填cleverer。
36．考查副词。句意：如果你想保持头脑清醒和活跃，你必须适当休息和适度学习。分析句子可知，空处需要填副词用于修饰动词study，提示词proper的副词形式为properly。故填properly。
37．考查形容词。句意：休息有很多方法。一是好好休息。分析句子可知，空处需要填形容词修饰名词rest作定语, 表示“好好的休息”，提示词peace的形容词形式为peaceful。故填peaceful。
38．考查形容词。句意：另一种是积极休息。分析句子可知，空处需要填形容词修饰名词rest作定语，表达“积极的休息”，提示词act的形容词形式为active。故填active。
39．考查形容词。句意：改变大脑的活动方式也是有效的休息方式。分析句子可知，空处需要填形容词修饰名词way作定语，表达“有效的方式”。提示词effect的形容词形式为effective。故填effective。
40．考查副词。句意：在日常生活中，有规律地吃一些鸡蛋、肉、新鲜蔬菜和水果也有益于大脑。分析句子可知，空处需要填副词修饰动词短语“eating some eggs, meat, fresh vegetables and fruit,”，提示词regular的副词形式为regularly。故填regularly。
41．考查形容词。句意：在日常生活中，有规律地吃一些鸡蛋、肉、新鲜蔬菜和水果也有益于大脑。固定短语be beneficial to意为“对……有好处”符合文意且符合空后的“to”。故填beneficial。
42．考查副词。句意：祝你生活愉快，永远保持健康和年轻。分析句子可知，空处需要填副词修饰动词live，提示词happy的副词形式为happily。故填happily。
43．negative##egative
【详解】考查形容词。句意：整个经历肯定是积极的多于消极的。根据首字母提示， 结合句意， negative消极的，作表语，符合题意。故填negative。
44．refresh##efresh
【详解】考查动词。句意：为了提神醒脑，公司的员工通常会在休息时间喝杯咖啡或茶。根据单词首字母以及句意“提神醒脑”可知应填动词refresh，此处作目的状语为不定式。故填refresh。
45．refresh##efresh
【详解】考查动词。句意：他走在街的对面，以唤起对那栋建筑物的记忆。根据单词首字母和句意“使恢复（记忆）；使记起”以及前文to可知，此处应用动词原形refresh构成不定式短语作目的状语。故填refresh。
46．admire
【详解】考查动词。人们崇拜和追随他们喜欢的公众人物是很自然的，但也没有必要对这些人的私生活过于好奇。句子分析可知，此句中“It”作形式主语，不定式“to _____(钦佩) and follow public figures they like”作真正主语，设空处应填动词原形，与follow并列，动词admire“钦佩；赞赏”符合句意。故填admire。
47．physical
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们都知道吸烟对我们的健康有害。形容词修饰后面的名词，作定语。根据汉语提示“身体的”可知是physical，故填physical。
48．sponsor
【详解】考查动词。句意：该公司计划赞助这个电视节目以获得营销利润。根据汉语提示“赞助”，可知应填动词sponsor，且上文为短语plan to do sth.，可知应填动词原形。故填sponsor。
49．disturb##isturb
【详解】考查动词。句意：她蹑手蹑脚悄悄地走进房间，以免惊扰熟睡的婴儿。根据首字母以及汉语提示可知，应填动词disturb，且此处为短语so as not to do sth.。故填disturb。
50．dominate##ominate
【详解】考查动词。句意：他虽然有权威，但不会试图支配别人。根据句意和中英文提示可知应填入动词dominate构成不定式结构，作宾语。故填dominate。
51．break away from
【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：直到那时我才意识到，和所有的朋友断绝关系，从不联系他们，这是很愚蠢的。结合汉语提示和空格前不定式符号to可知，应填入动词短语break away from构成不定式短语作主语，意为“脱离， 放弃”，符合句意。故填break away from。
52．was stimulated by
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：比尔受到了挑战的刺激。空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，表示“受到激励”应用动词stimulate，且Bill与stimulate之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was stimulated by。
53．disturbed him
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他做了一个可怕的梦，这个梦是如此生动，以至于困扰了他好几天。表示“使……不安”应用动词disturb,分析句子结构可知应填谓语动词的形式，依据dreamed可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填disturbed him
54．As is well known
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，中国是一个有着悠久历史的伟大国家。此处改为非限制性定语从句，表示“众所周知”且位于句首应用as。故填As is well known。
55． It is for you
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：找到一个解决这个问题的办法对你来说是很简单的事情。原句中动词不定式短语To find a way to solve the problem 做主语的主系表结构，可以转换成it做形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式短语放在句子的后面。即It is very easy for you to find a way to solve the problem。故答案为It； is ；for； you。
56．As long as the journey of reading poetry can make you perceive something new, your efforts will be rewarded.
【详解】考查句式结构、动词时态及语态、短语、名词。表示“只要”应用句式结构as long as…，引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时或是情态动词+动词原形；表示“读诗之旅”短语为the journey of reading poetry，做从句的主语；表示“让你......”应用make you do sth.；表示“能”用情态动词can，表示“领悟到新的东西”表达为perceive something new，perceive是及物动词；“你的努力”表达为“your efforts”在主句中做主语；表示“回报”应用reward，reward是及物动词；“your efforts”与“reward”之间是被动关系。故翻译为：As long as the journey of reading poetry can make you perceive something new, your efforts will be rewarded.
57．It was considerate for organizers to clarify the rules and the necessary items to bring before the event.
【详解】考查名词，动词，代词，形容词，介词，动词不定式，连词，短语和时态。表示“组织者”应用名词organizer的复数形式，表示泛指；表示“考虑周到”应用形容词considerate；表示“活动”应用名词event；表示“在…前”应用介词before；表示“说清楚”应用动词clarify；表示“活动规则”应用名词rule的复数形式，表示泛指；表示“以及”应用连词and；表示“必需品”应用名词短语necessary items；“需要带的”是用来修饰“必需品”，所以用动词不定式短语做后置定语，表示将来的动作。根据要求，用it作形式主语，句子真正的主语“在活动前说清楚活动规则以及需要带的必需品”要用动词不定式短语的形式，整个句子用It+be+adj.+for sb. to do sth.的结构，表示“做某事是某人的……特点”。根据句子意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的动作，所以谓语用一般过去时。故答案为It was considerate for organizers to clarify the rules and the necessary items to bring before the event.
58．Likewise, we should rely on the objective vision of the future and our own efforts at present to realize our dreams.
【详解】考查副词、动词短语、形容词、名词。表示“同样”可用副词likewise；表示“依赖”可以rely on；表示“对未来客观的设想”可用the objective vision of the future；表示“现在自身的努力”可用our own efforts at present；表示“实现自己的梦想”可用realize our dream。should后接动词原形。故翻译为Likewise, we should rely on the objective vision of the future and our own efforts at present to realize our dreams.。
59．a comedy show 60．apologise (to sb.) for sth. 61．one’s sense of humor 62．walk off/walk away 63．invite sb. on an adventure to explore a new town 64．lift one’s/the mood with a joke 65．stay positive 66．find one’s way back 67．laugh about sth. 68．feel hurt 69．fall over 70．in a dramatic way 71．make sb. feel better 72．avoid mentioning his fall
【解析】59．喜剧表演，英文表达为a comedy show，故答案填a comedy show。
60．因为……而道歉，英文表达为apologise (to sb.) for sth.，故答案填apologise (to sb.) for sth.。
61．某人的幽默感，英文表达为one’s sense of humor，故答案填one’s sense of humor。
62．走开 ，英文表达为walk off/walk away，故答案填walk off/walk away。
63．邀请某人去探索一个新的城镇，“邀请某人去探索”invite sb. on an adventure to explore，“一个新的城镇”a new town，故答案填invite sb. on an adventure to explore a new town。
64．用一个笑话振奋情绪，“振奋情绪”lift one’s/the mood，“用一个笑话”with a joke，故答案填lift one’s/the mood with a joke。
65．保持积极，英文表达为stay positive，故答案填stay positive。
66．找到回去的路，英文表达为find one’s way back，故答案填find one’s way back。
67．因为……而笑，英文表达为laugh about sth.，故答案填laugh about sth.。
68．觉得受了伤害，英文表达为feel hurt，故答案填feel hurt。
69．摔倒 ，英文表达为fall over，故答案填fall over。
70．以戏剧性的方式，英文表达为in a dramatic way，故答案填in a dramatic way。
71．使某人感觉好一些，英文表达为make sb. feel better，故答案填make sb. feel better。
72．避而不提他摔倒的事，英文表达为avoid mentioning his fall，故答案填avoid mentioning his fall。
73．【概要】
The proportion of older people is steadily increasing in recent years in China. Meanwhile, a project in Holland, where young people live together with the elderly, benefits both sides.
【论述】
There are some reasons accounting for the phenomenon. As population ages, elderly people are becoming lonelier, which is harmful physically and mentally, so they applaud the presence of young people. Faced with huge economic pressure, young people are willing to live in nursing homes to ease the burden.
From where I stand, I am supportive of this new way of companionship. For the elderly, they will be less lonely and learn lots of new things from the young. Besides, staying with young people, they feel the vitality of life again. For young people, they become more patient and know how to care for others. Moreover, they can gain valuable life advice from the elderly. Companion is the longest confession, so the project really deserves credit.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于读写任务。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇属于读写任务：1. 用约30个单词概括上述信息的主要内容； 2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：（1）简要分析年轻人住进养老院这一现象的原因；（2）你对这种新型陪伴方式持什么观点？说明你的理由（至少两点）。写作要求：1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3. 不必写标题。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：steadily increasing in recent years（近年来稳步增长）；Faced with huge economic pressure（面临巨大的经济压力）；willing to live in nursing homes to ease the burden（愿意住在养老院来减轻负担）；等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。这篇文章概括了所有内容，要点突出，作者也阐明了自己的观点。同时文中使用了高级句子。As population ages, elderly people are becoming lonelier, which is harmful physically and mentally,句中使用which引导的非限制性定语从句；Faced with huge economic pressure, young people are willing to live in nursing homes to ease the burden.过去分词作时间状语；staying with young people, they feel the vitality of life again.现在分词在句中作时间状语；另外，From where I stand, Besides, Moreover,等的运用为文章增色添彩。
74． Whether comprised/composed of
【详解】考查主语从句和短语。分析句子结构可知，这是一个主语从句，主语是“这个小组是否将由那些科学家组成”，whether意为“是否”，引导主语从句，首字母大写，第一个空填Whether；短语be comprised of或者be composed of意为“组成”，第二个空填comprised/composed；第三个空填of。故填①Whether ②comprised/composed ③of。
75．desire to go
【详解】考查动词时态和非谓语动词。句意：我很想上一所名牌大学。desire to do sth.为固定用法，意为“想要做某事”，go to university意为“上大学”。此处陈述客观事实，需用一般现在时，主语是I，谓语动词使用原形desire，to go为动词不定式作宾语。故填desire to go。
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