2015届(人教版)高考英语一轮复习:语法专项提升——名词性从句

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名称 2015届(人教版)高考英语一轮复习:语法专项提升——名词性从句
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名词性从句
 主语从句
1.(2013·天津卷) ________I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A.That         B.Which
C.Whether D.What
解析: 句意为:我想告诉你的是我对父母深深的爱和尊重。本题考查主语从句。“________I want to tell you”为主语从句,该从句中缺少宾语,故选D项。
答案: D
2.(2013·江西卷)________one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A.Whoever B.Whatever
C.Whichever D.Wherever
解析: 句意为:你们之中不管是谁打破了窗户,都要赔偿。本题考查名词性从句。空格处的引导词引导的是主语从句,引导词修饰限制后面的one,且表示在限定范围(you)中的任何一个,故选C项。
答案: C
3.(2013·陕西卷)It remains to be seen________the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
A.that B.which]
C.what D.whether
解析: 句意为:新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。考查名词性从句。题干中it是形式主语,空格处引导主语从句,whether符合句意。
答案: D
 表语从句
4.(2013·安徽卷)From space,the earth looks blue.This is________about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A.why B.how
C.because D.whether
解析: 句意为:从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球大约71%的表面都被水覆盖着。本题考查表语从句。A.为什么;B.怎么样;C.因为;D.是否。根据句意应选C。
答案: C
5.(2011·山东卷)I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer,which is________he never finishes anything.
A.that B.when
C.where D.why
解析: 考查表语从句。很显然,前文所说的(他是一个空谈家而不是一个实干家)是下文(他一事无成)的原因,由此可知应该选why。
答案: D
 宾语从句
6.(2013·湖南卷)Do not let any failures discourage you,for you can never tell________close you may be to victory.
A.how B.that
C.which D.where
解析: 句意为:不要因失败而泄气,因为你永远也不会知道成功可能离你有多近。本题考查宾语从句。“________close you may be to victory”为宾语从句,设空处后close为形容词,故选how。
答案: A
7.(2013·北京卷)Experts believe________people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
A.why B.where
C.that D.what
解析: 句意为:专家认为人们可以通过只有需要(食物)时才购物这一方法来减少食物的浪费。本题考查宾语从句。空格处引导的宾语从句的结构和意思都很完整,故选C项。
答案: C
8.(2013·新课标卷Ⅰ)Police have found________appears to be the lost ancient statue.
A.which B.where
C.how D.what
解析: 句意为:警方发现了看起来像那件丢失的古代雕像的东西。本题考查宾语从句。“________appears...”为宾语从句,该从句缺少主语且表示“物”,故用what引导。
答案: D
 同位语从句
9.(2013·浙江卷)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A.how B.that
C.which D.whether
解析: 分析句子结构可以看出,主句主语为way,后面的不定式to succeed at the highest level为其定语,系动词是is,后面的不定式结构为表语。________you are better than...为belief的同位语从句,从句为“主+系+表”结构,成分完整,故用起连接作用的that。
答案: B
10.(2012·重庆卷)Evidence has been found through years of study________children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
A.why B.how
C.whether D.that
解析: 考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格后面的部分是解释说明 evidence 的内容,是evidence 的同位语从句,引导词在从句中不作任何成分,故选连词that。
答案: D
11.(2011·辽宁卷)When the news came________the war broke out,he decided to serve in the army.
A.since B.which
C.that D.because
解析: 考查同位语从句。句意为:当战争爆发的消息传来时,他决定去部队服役。此处的“the war broke out”解释说明the news的具体内容,且从句中不缺少成分,故为同位语从句,用that连接。
答案: C
1.名词性从句中引导词的判断与选择是考生的易错点,要掌握每个引导词的基本用法及其在从句中的作用。
2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别要从以下两个方面来备考:
(1)抓住同位语从句的特征:用于同位语从句的名词通常有hope,fact,truth,belief,news,idea等抽象名词。
(2)that在同位语从句中不作任何语法成分;在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
一、主语从句
 主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,引导主语从句的词有that,whether,who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,when,where,why,how等。
(2012·山东高考)It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。
(2012·江西高考)It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.他忽然想起把钥匙忘在办公室了。
(2013·重庆高考)What struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深厚的爱。
That Putin visited China led to the closer relationship between the two countries.(that不作任何成分)
普京访问中国让两国之间的关系更加密切。
二、同位语从句
1.同位语从句常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt等名词的后面,是对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体的含义。
(2012·浙江高考)I made a promise to myself that this year,my first year in high school,would be different.(that引导promise的同位语从句)
我给自己做出承诺:今年,是我上高中的第一年,将会与以往不同。
2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明,引导词that只起引导作用,不在句中作任何成分,一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制,引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(此句为同位语从句,进一步解释“the news”的内容)
The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句,它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)
3.名词性从句的引导词that与what的区别
引导词 句法功能 省略情况
that 不作任何句子成分 引导宾语从句有时可以省略
what 主语、宾语、表语、定语 不能省略
(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.
总统会采取什么措施来结束这次罢工还不清楚。
(2013·山东高考)It’s good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
得知在我们离开期间这些狗会得到很好的照顾,这太好了。
(2013·北京高考)What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
让这本书不同寻常的是作者创造性的想象力。
三、whether与if的区别
 只能用whether,不能用if的情况:
(1)在主语从句、表语从句、介词之后的宾语从句及同位语从句中;
(2)后面直接跟动词不定式;
(3)与or not连用;
(4)引导让步状语从句时。
(2012·湖南高考)Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn’t matter whether you have lived there for a short or a long time.(此句为主语从句,故只能使用whether)
这个村子里的每个人都很友好。不管你在那里住的时间长或短都没关系。
四、“疑问词+ever”引导的名词性从句与“no matter+疑问词”引导的状语从句的区别
1.“疑问词+ever”可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的成分。
2.“疑问词+ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。
3.“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
(2012·陕西高考)As many as five courses are provided,and you are free to choose whichever suits you best.(宾语从句)
提供了多达五门的课程,你可以任意选择最适合你的一门。
However/No matter how interesting the film is,I won’t waste any time on it.无论这部电影多么有趣,我都不会在这方面浪费时间。
1.(2014·日照模拟)—What has made John look like lacking sleep
—________he had to prepare for the coming exam and stayed up last night.
A.For B.Because
C.That D.What
解析: 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,答语是回答上面句子中的主语“What”的,故此句是一个主语从句,缺少引导词,而引导词在从句中不充当成分,故用“That”。
答案: C
2.(2014·日照模拟)The government should consider________ people and the environment will be affected before they make decisions.
A.whether   B.which
C.where    D.what
解析: 考查名词性从句。句意为:政府应该在作决定前考虑是否会对人和环境造成影响。根据句意,此处应该用whether,表示“是否”。[来源:]
答案: A
3.(2014·四川省都江堰市第二次诊断)—Jack failed the driving test again.
—The question is________we can help him avoid making the same mistake.
A.why B.how
C.what D.that
解析: 考查表语从句。句意为:——杰克又没通过驾驶考试。——问题是我们如何能够帮助他避免犯同样的错误。根据语境并分析句子成分可知,空处引导表语从句,并在从句中作方式状语,故应选B。
答案: B
4.(2014·石家庄市高三模拟)After a day’s exhausting climb we arrived at ________we had been told was “Garden in the Air”.
A.what    B.which
C.that D.where
解析: 考查宾语从句。句意为:经过一天筋疲力尽的攀登,我们到达了被告知是“空中花园”的那个地方。此处为what引导宾语从句,作arrived at的宾语。
答案: A
5.(2014·大连双基测试)—When choosing furniture,you only focus on function while I think more about the design.
—That’s________we differ.
A.how B.what
C.which D.where
解析: 考查表语从句。句意为:——选家具的时候,你只关注功能而我却更多地考虑它的设计。——那就是我们不同的地方。根据句意可知应选D,where在表语从句中作地点状语。
答案: D
6.(2014·河南豫北三校高三下学期联合考试)________is well known to everyone,I should say,is that a man becomes learned by asking questions.
A.Who B.It
C.As D.What
解析: 考查名词性从句。句意为:我应该说,众所周知要长学问,就得多问。句中的I should say是插入语,因此空处应填引导主语从句的连词What。
答案: D
7.(2014·江西南昌二模)It hasn’t been made clear________the new underground line is to be open to traffic.
A.when    B.that
C.what    D.where
解析: 考查名词性从句。句意为:新的地铁线路何时开放还不清楚。句中it是形式主语,空处引导的是主语从句。根据句意可知选when。
答案: A
8.(2014·河南豫西五校教学质量检测)The notice came around two o’clock in the afternoon________the meeting would be put off.
A.when B.that
C.whether   D.how
解析: 考查同位语从句。句意为:下午两点左右传来会议将会被推迟的通知。that引导同位语从句,解释说明The notice的具体内容。
答案: B
9.(2013·厦门三校联考)It is not important ________ other people think about you but ________you can stick to your own way.
A.that;whether B.what;what
C.what;whether D.how;that
解析: 考查名词性从句。句意为:他人对你的看法是不重要的,你是否能坚持自己的道路才是重要的。结合句意和句子结构可知,It是形式主语,第一空用what,第二空用whether引导主语从句。
答案: C
10.(2014·福建省普通高中质量检查)—I wonder________so many people are crazy about Gangnam Style.
—It’s good for bodybuilding,and it brings people a lot of fun,you know.
A.how    B.where
C.why    D.that
解析: 考查宾语从句。句意为:——我想知道为什么这么多人热衷于《江南Style》。——你知道,它有利于健身,而且给人们带来了很多乐趣。根据句意可知,应用why引导宾语从句。
答案: C