第三讲 形容词与副词
形容词词义辨析
1.(2013·浙江卷)Mary worked here as a________secretary and ended up getting a full time job with the company.
A.pessimistic B.temporary
C.previous D.cautious
解析: 句意为:玛丽此前在这里做临时性的秘书工作,最后在公司得到了一份全职工作。本题考查形容词辨析。A.悲观的;B.临时的;C.先前的;D.小心的。根据语境B项符合句意。
答案: B
2.(2013·福建卷)The Forbidden City attracts a________stream of visitors every day,especially during national holidays.
A.constant B.main
C.powerful D.shallow
解析: 句意为:紫禁城每天游客络绎不绝,尤其是国家法定假日期间。A.持续的;B.主要的;C.有力的;D.浅的。A项符合句意。
答案: A
3.(2013·安徽卷)David is________animal fur,so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.
A.curious about B.allergic t
C.satisfied with D.fond of
解析: 句意为:David对动物的皮毛过敏,所以他不去拜访任何家里有猫或狗的人。本题考查形容词短语辨析。A.对……好奇;B.对……过敏;C.对……满意;D.喜欢。
答案: B
形容词与副词的比较级
4.(2013·新课标卷Ⅱ)It may not be a great suggestion.But before________is put forward,we’ll make do with it.
A.a good one B.a better one
C.the best one D.a best one
解析: 句意为:这个建议可能不是很好。但是在更好的建议被提出之前,我们会先采纳它。本题考查形容词的比较等级。“a+比较级”表示“一个更……的”,题干中暗含着比较的含义,需使用比较级,故B为正确答案。
答案: B
5.(2013·天津卷)I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are________meaningful things to do.
A.less B.more
C.the least D.the most
解析: 句意为:我觉得每天晚上看电视是浪费时间——有更有意义的事可做。本题考查形容词比较级。根据题干可看出和看电视相比有更有意义的事情,所以此处应用比较级。less表否定意义,故被排除。
答案: B
6.(2013·辽宁卷)This is by far________movie that I have ever seen.
A.an inspiring B.a much inspiring
C.the most inspiring D.the more inspiring
解析: 句意为:这显然是我看过的最激励人的电影。考查形容词的最高级。根据句式“This is+最高级+that I have ever done”,选C项。by far……得多,大大地,与形容词、副词的比较级或最高级连用。
答案: C
倍数表达法
7.(2013·安徽卷)It’s said that the power plant is now________large as what it was.
A.twice as B.as twice
C.twice much D.much twice
解析: 句意为:据说现在这个发电厂是过去的两倍大。本题考查形容词倍数的表达。常见结构有:(1)倍数+as+原级+as;(2)倍数+比较级+than;(3)倍数+the+size/length/weight etc.of...;(4)倍数+what从句。
答案: A
8.(2012·新课标卷Ⅰ)This restaurant wasn’t________that other restaurant we went to.
A.half as good as B.as half good as
C.as good as half D.good as half as
解析: 句意为:这家饭店还不如我们以前去的那家饭店的一半好。在表达倍数时,应把倍数词放在前面,由此可判断A项正确。本句所用到的倍数表达法是“倍数词+as...as...”。
答案: A
形容词作状语
9.(2010·安徽卷)________,she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
A.Shy and cautious B.Sensitive and thoughtful
C.Honest and confident D.Lighthearted and optimistic
解析: 句意为:她无忧无虑、积极乐观,是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。本题考查形容词作伴随状语。shy and cautious 害羞的、小心的;sensitive and thoughtful 敏感的、多思的;honest and confident 诚实的、自信的。
答案: D
副词词义辨析
10.(2013·辽宁卷)Everything seemed to be going________for the first two days after I moved to New York.
A.vividly B.generally
C.frequently D.smoothly
解析: 句意为:在我搬到纽约后的头两天,一切似乎进展顺利。考查副词辨析。smoothly顺利地,流畅地;vividly生动地,鲜明地;generally通常,普遍地;frequently频繁地,经常。
答案: D
11.(2013·浙江卷)If what your friend comes up with surprises you,don’t reject it immediately.________,imagine that it is true.
A.Thus B.Besides
C.Rather D.Otherwise
解析: 句意为:如果你的朋友(提出的东西或表现)让你吃惊,不要立即拒绝(接受),而是假设那是对的。本题考查副词词义辨析。根据句意,此处要使用“相反,而是”,只有C项合适。
答案: C
副词的位置
12.(2010·辽宁卷)We only had $100 and that was________to buy a new computer.
A.nowhere near enough B.near enough nowhere
C.enough near nowhere D.near nowhere enough
解析: 句意为:我们只有100美元,离买台新电脑的钱还差得远呢。本题考查修饰词顺序。not anywhere near 或nowhere near:far from,not at all远非,绝不是,为固定短语。
答案: A
1.在形容词、副词词义辨析类题目中,正确理解语境和熟练掌握词汇同样重要。
2.对于形容词、副词的比较级类题目,结合句意弄清有无比较意义是解题的关键。其题型为:(1)直接型:题目中有than,as等标志性词汇;(2)间接型:题目中没有标志性词汇,考生需要根据题中隐含的信息做出判断。
3.比较级暗含最高级的意义是易错点。如,“I’ve never had a more pleasant one before”表达的意义为:这次旅行是最让我感到愉快的一次。
4.在做倍数表达类题目时,要牢记倍数应该放在比较级的最前面。
一、形容词、副词的比较等级
1.平级比较
(1)as+形容词(副词)原级+as...和……一样;not as/so+形容词(副词)原级+as...不如……。
John plays football as well as,if not better than,David.
约翰踢足球不比大卫强,至少和他踢得一样好。
(2)as+形容词原级+a(n)+n.+as...跟……一样。
I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.我今天把房间彻底打扫完之后感到非常疲惫,从未像今天这样疲惫过。
2.比较级
(1)比较级+than...比……更;less...than不如……
(2013·皖南八校联考)—Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.
—Yes.Some of the goods made in our country are of high quality.
——从国外进口的货物并不一定比中国做得好。
——没错。我们国家生产的一些商品质量很高。
(2)the+比较级,the+比较级,越……,越……
It’s believed that the harder you work,the better result you’ll get.
人们相信,工作越努力,得到的结果将越好。
(3)the+比较级+of the+名词/代词“(两者中)较……的”。
Of the two cameras,I would prefer the smaller one,which is very easy for me to carry.
这两个照像机,我喜欢较小的一个,它容易携带。
(4)the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。
As far as I’m concerned,he is the last man to tell a lie.
就我个人而言,他是最不可能撒谎的人。
(5)“否定+比较级”表示最高级意义。
I’ve never heard a better voice than you.
我从未听到过比你更好的嗓音。
二、倍数表达法
表示倍数的句型:
(1)A is+倍数+比较级+than+B
(2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
(3)A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height 等)+of+B
(4)A is+倍数+that+of+B
(5)A is+倍数+what 引导的名词性从句
①Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s,but it cost twice as much as his.彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样,但是却是他的价钱的两倍。
②Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
美国人现在每个人吃的水果是1910年的两倍多。
③Smoking is harmful to people’s health,killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.吸烟对人的健康有害,每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。
④The output of cars in 2013 is 4 times greater than that of 2011.
2013年小轿车产量是2011年的5倍。
三、形容词或形容词短语作状语
形容词或形容词短语可作原因、时间、结果、伴随状语。
①He lay on the bed,awake.他躺在床上,醒着。
②Having been praised by the teacher,the little girl ran back home,happy and satisfied.
被老师表扬之后,这个小女孩非常满意,高兴地跑回家了。
四、多个形容词作定语时的排序
限定词(these,those...)+数量形容词(three)+观点(描绘)性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large,long,high)+年龄、新旧(old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰的名词(desk)。称之为“限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍原材料,作用类别往后靠”。
a few big round new black French wooden tables
几张新的大而圆的法国黑色木桌子
五、副词的位置
1.副词一般位于被修饰词的前面,但enough较特殊,要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。
Strangely enough,some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.
很奇怪,一些著名的科学家具有粗心和细心双重特点。
2.so/that+adj.+a/an+n.
(2012·四川高考)I make $2,000 a week.60 surely won’t make that big a difference to me.
我一周赚2000美元。60美元对我没多大意义。
六、形容词、副词的几个特殊用法
1.除了副词词义辨析外,yet(但是),besides(此外,而且),still(仍然),though(虽然),however(然而),meanwhile(与此同时)也是高频考点。解答此类题目首先要把握副词词义,然后采用句子翻译法,分析前后两句的逻辑关系,从而得出正确答案。
①(2012·浙江高考)Mike was usually so careful,yet this time he made a small mistake.
Mike通常很仔细,但这次他犯了个小错误。
②(2012·四川高考)The hotel is almost finished,but it still needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.
酒店已基本完成,但仍需要一两周时间为客人的到来做准备。
③(2011·江西高考)The house was too expensive and too big.Besides,I’d grown fond of our little rented house.
这个房子太大、太贵了,此外我已经越来越喜欢我们的小出租屋了。
④(2011·辽宁高考)Jim went to answer the phone.Meanwhile,Harry started to prepare lunch.
Jim去接电话。在这期间,Harry去准备午饭。
2.can not/never 与enough 或too连用表示:无论怎样都不过分;越……越好。
I can’t say a thank you too much.I couldn’t have succeeded without your help.
我再怎么感谢你也不过分,没有你的帮助,我不会成功。
1.(2014·河北普通高中教学质监) Her husband’s birthday is coming.After a long thought,she plans to buy a________wallet for him.
A.black leather small B.small black leather
C.small leather black D.black small leather
解析: 句意:她丈夫的生日快要到了。经过长时间考虑,她打算为他买个黑色的小皮夹。根据多个形容词作定语修饰同一名词的排列规律“限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍原材料,作用类别往后靠”可知,B项正确。
答案: B
2.(2014·石家庄高中毕业班教学质检)—Have you seen the film Lost on Journey
—Yeah,amazing!It’s________ than the films I have ever seen.
A.any less interesting B.much less interesting
C.no more interesting D.far more interesting
解析: 由答语中的“amazing”可知,答话人对电影持肯定的态度,故D项符合句意“它比我曾看过的电影有意思得多”。far修饰形容词的比较级,意为“非常,远远,大大”。
答案: D
3.(2014·河北普通高中教学质监) The man talks as if he knew the truth about the car accident.________he knows nothing about it.
A.Actually B.Really
C.Obviously D.Generally
解析: 句意为:那个人谈起来好像知道这次车祸的真相。事实上,他什么也不知道。根据句意可知,应选actually,意为“事实上”。really确实地,的确;obviously显而易见地;generally通常地。
答案: A
4.(2014·四川省重点中学高三联考)—Which one of these two dictionaries do you advise me to buy,Oxford or Longman
—Well,take Oxford.I think it is the________of the two.
A.best B.better
C.good D.well
解析: 考查形容词的比较级。句意为:——牛津词典和朗文词典,你建议我买哪一本呢?——哦,买牛津词典吧。这两本中我觉得牛津词典更好。两者作比较,用比较级,因此选B。
答案: B
5.(2014·江西九江高三模拟考试) This computer is worse than that one you bought last year,but it costs twice________.
A.as many B.as much
C.so much D.so many
解析: 考查形容词比较级。句意为:这台计算机没你去年买的那台好,但花费却是那台的两倍。本题考查“倍数词+as+adj./adv.+as+比较对象”的比较句型,此句为省略,由于是钱的比较,为不可数名词,故选B项。
答案: B
6.(2014·安徽马鞍山高三第二次统考)I can’t possibly take a holiday at the moment;I’ve got________too much on my plate.
A.quite B.far
C.fairly D.pretty
解析: 考查副词辨析。句意为:我不可能现在休假,我有太多的事要处理。四个选项都有“很,非常”的意思,但只有far可以修饰too (much)。
答案: B
7.(2014·陕西宝鸡高三教学质量检测)There is so much rain on the island that its annual rainfall reaches________.
A.sixty inches as much as B.as sixty inches much as
C.as much as sixty inches D.as much sixty inches as
解析: 考查as的用法。句意为:这个岛上的雨水如此之多以至于它的年降雨量多达60英寸。as much as意为“多达……,……之多”,其后直接跟具体的数量。
答案: C
8.(2014·江西高中毕业班新课程教学质量检测卷)Neville didn’t drive to work this morning.________,he rode his bicycle to his office as a way of exercising.
A.Besides B.Meanwhile
C.Otherwise D.Instead
解析: 考查副词辨析。句意为:Neville今天早上没有开车去上班,而是骑自行车去办公室了,他把骑车作为一种锻炼的方式。besides而且;meanwhile与此同时;otherwise否则;instead反而。根据句意,选D。
答案: D
9.(2014·陕西宝鸡质量检测二)—You don’t seem to be quite yourself today.What’s wrong
—Oh,I’m suffering from a cold.Nothing serious________.
A.yet B.indeed
C.anyway D.though
解析: 考查副词辨析。句意为:——你今天看起来好像不大舒服。怎么了?——嗯,我感冒了。但是不太严重。though可用作副词,意为“可是,不过”,常用于句末。
答案: D
10.(2014·厦门三校高三联考)Brazil has________ land and water resources,and these days is an agricultural exporting superpower.
A.efficient B.abundant
C.shallow D.blank
解析: 考查形容词。句意为:巴西有丰富的土地和水资源,这些年,它还是一个农业出口大国。abundant丰富的,符合句意。efficient有效率的,shallow浅的,blank空白的。
答案: B
11.(2014·陕西西安名校第五次模拟)Is English Literature a(n)________course,or does everyone have to learn it
A.potential B.typical
C.optional D.critical
解析: 考查形容词辨析。句意为:英国文学是一门选修课,还是一门必修课?根据句意可知,应选C项,optional选修的,可选择的。
答案: C
12.(2014·福建六校高三下学期二模)Usually,the organizing committee should have a________meeting every two weeks.
A.common B.regular
C.similar D.normal
解析: 考查形容词辨析。句意为:通常,组委会应是每两个礼拜开一次例会。regular定时的,有规律的,符合句意。common常见的;similar相仿的;normal正常的。
答案: B