主谓一致
1.(2013·福建卷)The famous musician,as well as his students,________to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A.were invited B.was invited
C.have been invited D.has been invited
解析: 句意为:那位著名音乐家和他的学生应邀在2012年台北花博会开幕式上演出。本题既考查主谓一致又考查动词的时态。题干中的主语是The famous musician,是单数形式,排除A和C项。根据the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知谓语动词需用过去时态,排除D项。
答案: B
2.(2013·江苏卷)Generally,students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others________essential to their development.
A.is B.are
C.was D.were
解析: 句意为:一般来说,学生们的内在动机及来自他人的高期望对他们的发展是必要的。本题考查主谓一致。本题中由with连接两个成分,即A with B,谓语动词的单复数应该和A保持一致,所以本句谓语动词应该和students’ inner motivation保持一致,用单数。本句说的是一般情况,所以用一般现在时态。
答案: A
3.(2013·湖南卷)The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________around $8,450 a year,which________a burden for some of them.
A.are;is B.are;are
C.is;are D.is;is
解析: 句意为:这所大学估计留学生一年的生活费用大约是8 450美元,这一点对于他们中的一些人来说是个负担。本题考查主谓一致。第一空:因为主语是living expenses,是复数,所以谓语动词要用复数形式are;第二空:主语是which,用来替代前面的句子,所以谓语动词要用单数形式is。
答案: A
4.(2012 ·湖南卷)All the scientific evidence________that increasing use of chemicals in farming________damaging our health.
A.show;are B.shows;are
C.show;is D.shows;is
解析: 考查主谓一致。evidence作“证据,证明”讲时是不可数名词,故第一空用shows;increasing use of chemicals in farming是动名词短语作主语,谓语用单数,故第二空用is。
答案: D
主谓一致的难点在于它常与动词时态、语态结合起来进行考查;在做这类题目时,我们往往顾此失彼。解决方法是:先由主语的形式确定单复数;然后由语境或时间状语确定时态;最后由主语和谓语的逻辑关系确定语态。
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致,一般遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。做题时还要注意时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。
一、语法一致原则
主语后跟有with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等引起的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
(2009·陕西高考)Mr Smith,together with his wife and daughters,is going to visit Beijing this summer.
史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。
I think Tom,rather than you is to blame for the accident.
我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。[来源:]
二、就近一致原则
1.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
(2009·湖南高考)Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
2.由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil box.
文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。
三、意义一致原则
1.由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体),谓语动词用单数。
A needle and thread was given to her,but she could not sew the button on.
针线给了她,但她不会把纽扣缝起来。
2.“no/each/every/many a+单数名词+and+no/each/every/many a+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.
每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。
3.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。
To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.
早睡早起是一个好习惯。
1.(2014·陕西西安名校第五次模拟)Either the judge or the lawyers________wrong on the case at that moment.
A.is B.are
C.were D.was
解析: 考查时态和主谓一致。句意为:那时,在这件案子上,不是法官错就是律师们错了。并列主语由either...or...,neither...nor...等连接时,谓语应与最邻近的主语的数保持一致,据题干中or后的the lawyers和at that moment可知本题选C。
答案: C
2.(2014·陕西宝鸡质量检测二)We each________strong points,but each of us on the other hand ________weak points.
A.have;have B.has;have
C.have;has D.has;has
解析: 考查主谓一致。句意为:我们每个人都有优点,但是另外一方面我们每个人也有缺点。第一空前的each作We的同位语,所以谓语动词应和We保持一致,用复数形式;第二空谓语动词的形式应和each of us保持一致,用单数形式。
答案: C
3.(2014·陕西西安高三第三次教学质量检测)—Ted,will you go shopping with me this afternoon
—I would like to,but my neighbor,a lovely girl,along with her friends,________me to join them in building a snowman.
A.has invited B.have invited
C.are inviting D.is inviting
解析: 考查主谓一致和时态。句意为:——Ted,今天下午和我去购物,好吗?——我想去,但我的邻居,一个可爱的女孩,以及她的朋友已邀请我与她们一起堆雪人了。答语中的主语是my neighbor,a lovely girl是my neighbor的同位语,当主语后跟along with引导的词组时,谓语动词的单复数视主语情况而定,故谓语动词用单数形式。因为此处强调的是动作对现在的影响,故用现在完成时。
答案: A
4.(2014·安徽芜湖三校一模)A recent study has found that the number of smokers________sharply over the past five years.
A.is increasing B.are increasing
C.has been increasing D.have been increasing
解析: 考查时态和主谓一致。句意为:最近一项研究表明,在过去五年里,吸烟者人数急剧上升。a number of接复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数,而the number of后接复数名词作主语,谓语动词则用第三人称单数;时间状语over the past five years表明用现在完成进行时态。
答案: C