外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册同步课时训练Unit5 A delicate world SectionC Developing & Reflection
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册同步课时训练Unit5 A delicate world SectionC Developing & Reflection |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-04-17 20:12:39 | ||
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Unit 5 A delicate world SectionC Developing & Reflection——2022-2023学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册同步课时训练
一、单词填空
1.The survey found a wide _________(差别)in the prices charged for canteen food.
2.These regions are home to many species of birds, some of which are ________(濒临灭绝的).
3.The industrial civilization, while creating ________(巨大的) material wealth, has caused ecological crises.
4.Red, orange and yellow create a________(视觉的) feast and make the area a popular destination during autumn.
5.The black-necked crane (鹤) is one of the ________(最稀有的) species in the world.
6.By ________(比较), Bill Clinton's My Life sold around 400,000 copies on the first day.
7.In winter, scientists ________(勇敢面对) heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the animals.
8.The most important ________(标准) for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work.
9.We want China to succeed and _____(兴旺).
10.Before trying _____(用药草制成的)or natural supplements, it is important to discuss them with your doctor.
二、翻译
11.绿水青山就是金山银山。
Clear waters and lush mountains are_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
12.他代表全体教职员工发言。
He spoke _____ _____ _____ all the members of the faculty and staff.
13.他的发音很好, 他把这一点归功于他的第一位英语老师。
He _____ _____ _____ his first teacher of English that he had a good pronunciation.
14.有太多的问题需要解决,这个新上任的经理如坐针毡。
With_____ _____ _____ _____ _____, the new manager is on pins and needles.
15.我没有想到你会反对这个决定。
It didn't _____ _____ _____ _____ you would object to the decision.
三、阅读理解
People have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer even though they have lifespans that are similar to humans, living for around 50 to 70 years.
Now scientists believe they know why. A team at the University of Chicago has found that elephants carry a substantial number of genes that stop tumors developing. To be precise, they found 20 copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP53 in elephants. Most other species, including humans, only carry one copy.
According to the research, the extra copies of the gene improve the animal's sensitivity to DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors.
"An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution (进化) of large body sizes in many animals," the study author Dr. Vincent Lynch told The Guardian. If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous, large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and rats. But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.
This phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s and later named "Peto's paradox". Biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller animals do not use. In the elephant's case, the making of TP53 is nature's way of keeping this species alive.
The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in rats, they had the same cancer resistance as elephants. This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancer spreading or even developing in the first place.
"Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer," said Joshua Schiffman, a biologist at the School of Medicine, the University of Utah. "It's up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people."
1.Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer
A.They have a rather large body size.
B.Their genes suffer no DNA damage.
C.Certain genes in their body kill existing tumors.
D.They carry many genes to prevent tumors developing.
2.According to the passage, what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals
A.Deadly tumors. B.The huge body mass.
C.Cells killing themselves. D.Sensitivity to DNA damage.
3.What does the underlined part "This phenomenon" in Paragraph 5 probably refer to
A.Larger animals have protection from TP53.
B.The risk of cancer is not related to body sizes.
C.Larger animals suffer the same risk of cancer as smaller ones.
D.The huger animals are, the bigger risk of cancer they will have.
4.What can be concluded from the passage
A.Depending on nature is surely enough to fight against cancer.
B.The TP53 genes have proved useful in stopping cancer in people.
C.Humans are expected to prevent cancer with the making of TP53.
D.The extra copies of elephants' genes are used to cure cancer patients.
四、语法填空
There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ①__________(have) to worry about fashion (时尚). Everybody wears ②__________ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ③__________ gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ④__________ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ⑤__________ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ⑥__________ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ⑦__________ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ⑧__________ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ⑨__________ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ⑩__________ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：variation
2.答案：endangered
3.答案：vast
4.答案：visual
5.答案：rarest
6.答案：comparison
7.答案：brave
8.答案：criterion
9.答案：prosper
10.答案：herbal
二、11.答案：as valuable as gold and silver
12.答案：on behalf of
13.答案：owed it to
14.答案：too many problems to solve
15.答案：occur to me that
三、答案：1-4.DABC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句A team at the University of Chicago has found that elephants carry a substantial number of genes that stop tumors developing.可知,美国芝加哥大学的一个团队发现大象携带大量阻止肿瘤发展的基因。根据第四段可知,动物形成癌症和动物的体型大小无关,故A项不正确;根据第三段中the extra copies of the gene improve the animal's sensitivity to DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors可知,大象的基因提高了对DNA损伤的敏感度,使细胞受损后,在形成致命肿瘤之前迅速自杀,并不是B项“大象的基因不会受到DNA损伤”;也不是C项“它们体内的某些基因会杀死现有的肿瘤”。所以D选项是正确的。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句"An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution(进化) of large body sizes in many animals," the study...可知,患癌症风险的增加阻碍了许多大体型的动物的进化。B项意为“巨大的体重”,在文中只提到其与增加患癌症的风险没有联系,而A项“致命的肿瘤”才是真正的风险;C项“细胞自杀”和D项“对DNA损坏的敏感度”都是动物保护自己不受癌症威胁的方式,不是风险。所以A选项是正确的。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.可知This phenomenon指的是物种患癌症的概率和它们的体重没有关系。A项“大型动物受到TP53的保护”和C项“大型动物患癌症的风险与小型动物相同”是画线部分以下内容,但不是画线部分的内容。D项“越大的动物,患癌症的风险就越大”不符合文章原意,且也不是本段开头所指的“这种现象”。所以B选项是正确的。
4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句It's up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.可知,我们可以使用那些策略来预防人类得癌症。而根据倒数第三段最后一句In the elephant's case, the making of TP53 is nature's way of keeping this species alive.可知,TP53的形成是让大象存活的自然方法。由此推知,人们有望通过合成TP53来预防癌症。人类需要制出TP53来对抗癌症,故A项“依靠大自然对抗癌症肯定足够了”不准确;文章倒数第二段只提到当同样的基因在老鼠身上起作用时,它们和大象具有相同的抗癌能力,但并未像B项所说“TP53基因已被证明在阻止人类得癌症方面很有用”或D项所说“大象基因的额外复制品被用于治疗癌症患者”。所以C选项是正确的。
四、答案：①has/will have; ②the ; ③that/which; ④cycling ;⑤easily ; ⑥to; ⑦improved ; ⑧to wear; ⑨connection/connections; ⑩traditional
解析：①考查时态。从句谓语wears用的一般现在时,所以主句也用现在时,故填has;也可以将来的行为,需用一般将来时,也可填will have。
②考查冠词。the same相同的,是固定短语,故填the。
③考查定语从句。先行词是cloth,在定语从句中做主语,并且指代物,故填that/which。
④考查动词。设空处与 walking并列,与are 连用构成现在进行时,故填cycling。
⑤考查副词。设空处修饰动词see,所以用副词,故填easily。
⑥考查介词。the answer to…,…的答案,固定短语,故填to。
⑦考查时态。根据句中 found和 introduced可知,指的是过去的事情,故填improved。
⑧考查非谓语动词。want后要跟不定式作宾语,故填to wear。
⑨考查名词。no后可以跟名词单数形式也可以跟名词复数形式,故填connection/connections。
⑩考查形容词。设空处作表语,又表示事物的特征,所以用形容词,故填traditional。
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一、单词填空
1.The survey found a wide _________(差别)in the prices charged for canteen food.
2.These regions are home to many species of birds, some of which are ________(濒临灭绝的).
3.The industrial civilization, while creating ________(巨大的) material wealth, has caused ecological crises.
4.Red, orange and yellow create a________(视觉的) feast and make the area a popular destination during autumn.
5.The black-necked crane (鹤) is one of the ________(最稀有的) species in the world.
6.By ________(比较), Bill Clinton's My Life sold around 400,000 copies on the first day.
7.In winter, scientists ________(勇敢面对) heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the animals.
8.The most important ________(标准) for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work.
9.We want China to succeed and _____(兴旺).
10.Before trying _____(用药草制成的)or natural supplements, it is important to discuss them with your doctor.
二、翻译
11.绿水青山就是金山银山。
Clear waters and lush mountains are_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
12.他代表全体教职员工发言。
He spoke _____ _____ _____ all the members of the faculty and staff.
13.他的发音很好, 他把这一点归功于他的第一位英语老师。
He _____ _____ _____ his first teacher of English that he had a good pronunciation.
14.有太多的问题需要解决,这个新上任的经理如坐针毡。
With_____ _____ _____ _____ _____, the new manager is on pins and needles.
15.我没有想到你会反对这个决定。
It didn't _____ _____ _____ _____ you would object to the decision.
三、阅读理解
People have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer even though they have lifespans that are similar to humans, living for around 50 to 70 years.
Now scientists believe they know why. A team at the University of Chicago has found that elephants carry a substantial number of genes that stop tumors developing. To be precise, they found 20 copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP53 in elephants. Most other species, including humans, only carry one copy.
According to the research, the extra copies of the gene improve the animal's sensitivity to DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors.
"An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution (进化) of large body sizes in many animals," the study author Dr. Vincent Lynch told The Guardian. If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous, large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and rats. But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.
This phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s and later named "Peto's paradox". Biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller animals do not use. In the elephant's case, the making of TP53 is nature's way of keeping this species alive.
The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in rats, they had the same cancer resistance as elephants. This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancer spreading or even developing in the first place.
"Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer," said Joshua Schiffman, a biologist at the School of Medicine, the University of Utah. "It's up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people."
1.Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer
A.They have a rather large body size.
B.Their genes suffer no DNA damage.
C.Certain genes in their body kill existing tumors.
D.They carry many genes to prevent tumors developing.
2.According to the passage, what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals
A.Deadly tumors. B.The huge body mass.
C.Cells killing themselves. D.Sensitivity to DNA damage.
3.What does the underlined part "This phenomenon" in Paragraph 5 probably refer to
A.Larger animals have protection from TP53.
B.The risk of cancer is not related to body sizes.
C.Larger animals suffer the same risk of cancer as smaller ones.
D.The huger animals are, the bigger risk of cancer they will have.
4.What can be concluded from the passage
A.Depending on nature is surely enough to fight against cancer.
B.The TP53 genes have proved useful in stopping cancer in people.
C.Humans are expected to prevent cancer with the making of TP53.
D.The extra copies of elephants' genes are used to cure cancer patients.
四、语法填空
There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ①__________(have) to worry about fashion (时尚). Everybody wears ②__________ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ③__________ gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ④__________ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ⑤__________ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ⑥__________ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ⑦__________ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ⑧__________ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ⑨__________ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ⑩__________ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：variation
2.答案：endangered
3.答案：vast
4.答案：visual
5.答案：rarest
6.答案：comparison
7.答案：brave
8.答案：criterion
9.答案：prosper
10.答案：herbal
二、11.答案：as valuable as gold and silver
12.答案：on behalf of
13.答案：owed it to
14.答案：too many problems to solve
15.答案：occur to me that
三、答案：1-4.DABC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句A team at the University of Chicago has found that elephants carry a substantial number of genes that stop tumors developing.可知,美国芝加哥大学的一个团队发现大象携带大量阻止肿瘤发展的基因。根据第四段可知,动物形成癌症和动物的体型大小无关,故A项不正确;根据第三段中the extra copies of the gene improve the animal's sensitivity to DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors可知,大象的基因提高了对DNA损伤的敏感度,使细胞受损后,在形成致命肿瘤之前迅速自杀,并不是B项“大象的基因不会受到DNA损伤”;也不是C项“它们体内的某些基因会杀死现有的肿瘤”。所以D选项是正确的。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句"An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution(进化) of large body sizes in many animals," the study...可知,患癌症风险的增加阻碍了许多大体型的动物的进化。B项意为“巨大的体重”,在文中只提到其与增加患癌症的风险没有联系,而A项“致命的肿瘤”才是真正的风险;C项“细胞自杀”和D项“对DNA损坏的敏感度”都是动物保护自己不受癌症威胁的方式,不是风险。所以A选项是正确的。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.可知This phenomenon指的是物种患癌症的概率和它们的体重没有关系。A项“大型动物受到TP53的保护”和C项“大型动物患癌症的风险与小型动物相同”是画线部分以下内容,但不是画线部分的内容。D项“越大的动物,患癌症的风险就越大”不符合文章原意,且也不是本段开头所指的“这种现象”。所以B选项是正确的。
4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句It's up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.可知,我们可以使用那些策略来预防人类得癌症。而根据倒数第三段最后一句In the elephant's case, the making of TP53 is nature's way of keeping this species alive.可知,TP53的形成是让大象存活的自然方法。由此推知,人们有望通过合成TP53来预防癌症。人类需要制出TP53来对抗癌症,故A项“依靠大自然对抗癌症肯定足够了”不准确;文章倒数第二段只提到当同样的基因在老鼠身上起作用时,它们和大象具有相同的抗癌能力,但并未像B项所说“TP53基因已被证明在阻止人类得癌症方面很有用”或D项所说“大象基因的额外复制品被用于治疗癌症患者”。所以C选项是正确的。
四、答案：①has/will have; ②the ; ③that/which; ④cycling ;⑤easily ; ⑥to; ⑦improved ; ⑧to wear; ⑨connection/connections; ⑩traditional
解析：①考查时态。从句谓语wears用的一般现在时,所以主句也用现在时,故填has;也可以将来的行为,需用一般将来时,也可填will have。
②考查冠词。the same相同的,是固定短语,故填the。
③考查定语从句。先行词是cloth,在定语从句中做主语,并且指代物,故填that/which。
④考查动词。设空处与 walking并列,与are 连用构成现在进行时,故填cycling。
⑤考查副词。设空处修饰动词see,所以用副词,故填easily。
⑥考查介词。the answer to…,…的答案,固定短语,故填to。
⑦考查时态。根据句中 found和 introduced可知,指的是过去的事情,故填improved。
⑧考查非谓语动词。want后要跟不定式作宾语,故填to wear。
⑨考查名词。no后可以跟名词单数形式也可以跟名词复数形式,故填connection/connections。
⑩考查形容词。设空处作表语,又表示事物的特征,所以用形容词,故填traditional。
2