八下 Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks. 语法复习课件(共27张PPT)

(共27张PPT)
















语法复习
Unit 2
I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
动词不定式
短语动词
Grammars to focus on
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
I’d like to do
ask sb. to do
volunteer…to do
learn to do
decide to do
help sb. to do
make…to do
let sb. do
help sb. do
Grammar Focus
动词不定式
I’d like to (do)… ask sb. to (do)…
let sb. do… volunteer…to help sb.(do)…
decide to do… help sb. to do…
动词短语
cheer…up try out put up
动词不定式
1.定义
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。
2.构成
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，常写作to do(有时to可以省略)，否定形式为not to do 。
He wants to sit. Tell him not to live alone.
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
3.用法
一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。
例：学外语很有用。
To learn foreign languages is very useful.
为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，而将不定式放在后面作真正的主语。
=It’s very useful to learn foreign languages.
No.1 作主语
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有want/plan/agree/learn/
hope/refuse/decide to do 等。
另一种是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作动词或介词的宾语。
例：他教我如何使用手机。
He taught me how to use mobile phone.
No.2 作宾语
主语+谓语+ to do
常用it作形式宾语，而将动词不定式放在后面作真正的宾语。
我认为锻炼很有帮助。
I think it helpful to do exercise.
No.2 作宾语
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
想要 拒绝 忘记 (want, refuse, forget)
需要 努力 学习 (need, try, learn)
选择 同意 帮助 (choose, agree, help)
希望 决定 开始 (hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start)
Lily wants to find a job as an English teacher in Beijing.
He decided to help the homeless.
动词不定式作宾语
No.2 作宾语
常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词（短语）有tell,
ask, want, teach, promise, expect, wish, invite,
would like等。
例：他们请他在宴会上唱一首流行歌曲。
They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.
No.3 作宾语补足语
一感(feel)二听(listen to, hear)
三让(let, make, have )四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help) (即在动词 help 后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无)”。
help后的不定式可省略to，也可以带上to。
例：我哥哥经常帮助我做家务。
My brother often helps me (to) do the housework.
No.3 作宾语补足语
在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice, listen to, look at 之后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
例：半小时前我看见她离开了。
I saw her leave half an hour ago.
No.3 作宾语补足语
一、主语是不定式(表条件)；表语也是不定式(表结果)
例：工作意味着谋生。
To work means to earn a living．
二、动词不定式做表语常用于以下结构：My job/
dream/goal/aim is…
例：他的梦想是在不久的将来出国学习。
His dream is to study abroad in the near future．
No.4 作表语
动词不定式作定语时，应放于被修饰的名词或代词之后。例：我想吃点东西。
I want to have something to eat.
她得到一份照顾一位老人的工作。
She got a job to take care of an old man.
No.5 作定语
动词不定式可用来作目的状语（放在句首或句尾），原因状语（跟在作表语的形容词后面）和结果状语（用在too…to结构中）。
She raised her voice to be heard better．
I’m sorry to trouble you.
She is too young to go to school.
No.6 作状语
目的状语
原因状语
结果状语
动词短语
动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的短语称为动词短语，其作用和动词差不多，有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词。
1
定义
动词+介词
相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后。
look after 照顾 look at 看 care for 非常喜欢；照顾
think about 考虑 agree with 同意 wait for 等待
I agree with what you said.
He cared for her more than she realized.
2
类别
动词+副词
①可看作及物动词，名词作宾语时，可位于动词与副词之间或副词之后；代词作宾语时；只能位于动词与副词之间。
②有的也可看作不及物动词。
cheer up 振奋起来
clean up 打扫干净
give up 放弃
put off 推迟
take away 拿走
fix up 修理
turn down 调低；拒绝
turn up 出现；调高
This is a new word. You’d better look it up in the dictionary.
It’s too noisy. Please turn down the TV. =It’s too noisy. Please turn the TV down.
动词+副词
动词+副词+介词
相当于及物动词， 宾语位于介词之后。
catch up with 赶上 come up with 想出
look forward to 期望 run out of 用完；耗尽
He worked hard to catch up with his classmates.
I’m looking forward to the weekend.
动词+名词+介词
相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语位于介词之后。
make fun of 取笑 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意
take care of 照顾 make friends with 与······交朋友
It’s impolite to make fun of your classmate.
We could make better use of our resources.
be+形容词+介词
相当于及物动词， 宾语位于介词之后。
be different from 与······不同 be famous for 因为······而出名
be busy with 忙于······ be similar to 与······相似
The girl is afraid of dogs.
China is famous for its long history.
语法精练
1. —Bob, you have to finish your school project today.
—Don’t worry, Mum. I won’t _____ today’s work till
tomorrow.
A. put off B. take off
C. give up D. set up
单项选择。
2. All children are _____ the day when they can go back
to school.
A. looking up B. taking care of
C. taking out D. looking forward to
3. Reading is a good way _____ the world.
A. for know B. for knows C. to know D. to knows
4. We’d better follow the seven-step hand-washing
method _____ healthy.
A. to keep B. keep
C. keeping D. keeps
5. Look at the sign “ No swimming”; it warns us
_____ in the lake.
A. to swim B. not to swim C. swimming
1. I want _________ (become) a teacher one day.
2. It’s very useful _______ (learn) foreign language.
3. He showed me how ______ (use) a computer.
4. She got a job ______ (take) care of an old man.
5. You should run quickly _______ (catch) the bus.
根据提示完成下列句子。
to become
to learn
to use
to take
to catch
动词不定式
短语动词
Summary