2023届上海市部分区高三英语二模试题分类汇编：完形填空（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2023届上海市部分区高三英语二模试题分类汇编：完形填空（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-04-18 00:10:12 | ||
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2023届上海市部分区高三英语二模试题分类汇编
完形填空
2023届上海市宝山区高考二模英语试题
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
You have to make a speech. You have done your research and now have plenty of ideas bouncing around in your head that you want to get across. The big 41 you face at this point is how to organize those thoughts. Or perhaps you are planning to write a paper, and all you have is the main topic. You need to brainstorm some supporting ideas and then 42 how those ideas fit together.
These are just two cases that many people deal with 43 . Some use outlining to flesh out and 44 their ideas, but is that the best strategy If everyone thought in a linear(线性的) manner, then the answer would be yes, but most people don't.
Enter mind mapping, a 45 that shows how different ideas and facts relate to one another. This two-dimensional(二维的) 46 is designed to help you remember information because its format is easy for your mind to 47 . Mind maps have proven to increase not only productivity and 48 but also memory. More than 250 million people worldwide use them, so why don't you have a try and see what they are all about
What is a mind map Simply put, it is one's ideas put into the form of a 49 diagram that starts with a central idea. Put this idea in a bubble(气泡) in the middle of a page with lines radiating out to other bubbles that contain related themes or concepts. It should look like a many-legged spider. Use words, short phrases or 50 to express your ideas. These associations often lead to other ideas that can be added at the same level or in smaller branches where 51 . Use color-coded bubbles for a visual representation of each branch's 52 . You are now mapping your thoughts and ideas in the way your brain thinks.
Studies have shown that this technique of using pictures, colors and visual arrangement has improved people's recall and memory of information by 10 to 15 percent. But it doesn't stop there. Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement, 53 people to make more links and associations on topics of any kind. 54 , it increases one's productivity because mind mapping makes it easier to learn faster while communicating more effectively.
So whether you're 55 a project or writing a research paper, make this technique acore part of your planning process!
A. purpose B. change C. question D. project
A. turn out B. take out C. give out D. figure out
A. consequently B. frequently C. entirely D. barely
A. organize B. express C. share D. spread
A. process B. foundation C. technique D. result
A. route B. structure C. objective D. direction
A. remember B. confirm C. draw D. design
A. confidence B. capacity C. efficiency D. creativity
A. vivid B. special C. visual D. normal
A. images B. sentences C. passages D. languages
A. obvious B. appropriate C. meaningful D. empty
A. function B. extension C. connection D. determination
A. encouraging B. enabling C. reminding D. informing
A. Additionally B. Sincerely C. Briefly D. Generally
A. in love with B. in terms of C. in favour of D. in charge of
2023届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Food-delivery firms are coming of age. Among teens and millennials, ordering food online is as 41 a habit as booking a room online. Just how 42 consumers are is clear from financial documents by DoorDash, America’s biggest food-delivery company. From January to September that year, it booked orders worth $16billion, up by 198% year on year.
The majority of America’s 700, 000 or so eateries now 43 by means of a delivery app. Modern life makes people rely more on convenience food, as more women work and everybody is 44 time. In doing so, it has also changed one of Silicon Valley’s most criticizedbusiness models.
Restaurants entered the digital world two decades ago when Takeaway. com in Europe and Grubhub in America put menus 45 . Restaurants delivered the food themselves and the middlemen were reliably profitable. 46 , the new “third-party logistics” firms like DoorDash and Uber Eats have to share the bills, which average around $30, three ways. Once drivers and restaurants take their 47 , not much is left.
Until recently none of these startup firms made 48 , even in emerging markets where labour costs are far lower. Lack of obvious economies of scale or barriers to entry meant several competitors were fighting over market share by offering diners 49 discounts—and bleeding red ink in the process. They also faced the prospect of a sharp 50 in labour costs, as California passed a law that required companies to treat app-based workers as full employees.
51 , the American firm’s numbers contained plenty to chew on. DoorDash is generating cash and is profitable on an adjusted basis. Its in-app ads business offers juicy margins. The company sees itself as the digital hub for the convenience economy, connecting merchants, customers and riders; the word “platform” arose 646 times in its filing. It has even started delivering groceries and convenience-store items and selling last-mile 52 to other companies. Looking ahead, high unemployment amid a continuing economic downturn should mean lots of cheap labour.
Other facts are 53 to swallow. DoorDash warns that growth will slow as more people are going back to work after the virus declined. The share prices of many listed digital firms that benefited from lockdowns and self-isolating consumers 54on the news of an effective vaccine(疫苗). And despite their critics’ defeat in California, gig firms(招临工的公司) will continue to face accusations of 55 their workers. In this respect, DoorDash has already joined the club of listed tech platforms.
41. A. established B. cautious C. curious D. annoying
42. A. aim-oriented B. addicted C. excited D. well-informed
43. A. collect B. relay C. forecast D. distribute
44. A. friendly to B. experienced in C. short of D. responsible for
45. A. outside B. right C. online D. free
46. A. By contrast B. For instance C. To sum up D. In turn
47. A. edge B. role C. cut D. price
48. A. money B. calls C. complaints D. movement
49. A. trade B. generous C. mean D. cash
50. A. break B. division C. blow D. rise
51. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Consequently
52. A. advertising B. delivery C. insurance D. productivity
53. A. harder B. quicker C. easier D. slower
54. A. doubled B. last C. mounted D. fell
55. A. taking advantage of B. going along with C. looking out for D. putting up with
2023届上海市崇明区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
It’s long been known that sugary drinks help people pack on unwanted kilograms. But new research suggests that ___21___ drinks and even 100% fruit juice might raise your risk for some cancers. The study couldn’t prove cause and effect, but it found that drinking as little as 90-120ml of sugary drinks each day was ___22___ to an 18% rise in overall risk for cancer.
The new study was led by Mathilde Touvier, research director at the University of Paris. Her team collected data on more than 100,000 French men and women, average age 42, who took part in a national ___23___.
The participants answered questions about how much of 3,300 different foods and drinks they consumed each day, and were ___24___ for up to nine years.
The study uncovered links between the consumption of sugary drinks and the risk of cancer___25___, and for breast cancer specifically. The investigators found no association between sugary drinks and prostate or colon cancers (前列腺或结肠癌), but the authors stressed that too few people in the study developed these cancers to make this finding ___26___. The research ___27___ no links between diet sodas (无糖汽水) and cancer, although more study is needed to confirm that, the authors noted.
The connection between sugary drinks and cancer remained the same even after the team ___28___for age, sex, educational level, family history of cancer, smoking and physical activity, the researchers said.
So, why the ___29___ According to Touvier’s team, high-calorie drinks may raise cancer risk because sugar helps build body fat, in addition to raising blood sugar levels and inflammation (发炎) — all of which are risk ___30___ for cancer. It’s also possible that chemicals found in these drinks might play a part in ___31___ cancer risk, the researchers theorized.
A group representing the drinks industry said sugary drinks can still be a part of the ___32___ diet, however. In a statement, the American Beverage Association said: “It’s important for people to know that all drinks — either with sugar or without — are ___33___ to consume as part of a balanced diet. America’s leading drinks companies are working together to support consumers’ efforts to ___34___ the sugar they consume from our drinks by providing more choices with less sugar or zero sugar, smaller package sizes and clear calorie information right up front.”
Samantha Heller is a senior clinical nutritionist at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City. She said she wasn’t ___35___ by the findings. She noted that, for decades, these drinks have been linked with diseases such as heart disease. On the other hand, “most of us should be drinking more water than we do,” Heller said.
21. A. iced B. mineral C. bottled D. sweetened
22. A. tied B. devoted C. reduced D. limited
23A. game B. study C. ceremony D. examination
24. A. checked B. caged C. occupied D. followed
25. A. in general B. without exception C. on the contrary D. by accident
26. A. unreliable B. unexpected C. authoritative D. original
27. A. uncovered B. anticipated C. established D. hid
28. A. hunted B. adjusted C. prepared D. mounted
29. A. research B. similarity C. connection D. impact
30. A. behaviors B. assessments C. perceptions D. factors
31A. explaining B. increasing C. preventing D. predicting
32. A. local B. nutritional C. average D. conventional
33. A. safe B. impossible C. exceptional D. effective
34. A. neutralize B. digest C. remove D. reduce
35. A. annoyed B. surprised C. embarrassed D. delighted
2023届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
What will you do when you are hungry Of course, anyone would go and grab something to eat. And then, what determines the 41 of food you take in You may not be right if your answer is the degree of hunger. The conventional concept that 42 is the key factor is open to challenge. In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake (摄入) are influenced by a large number of factors besides our 43 need for energy. Some of the factors include our eating 44 and our perceptionof the food in front of us.
Studies have shown that 45 eating, for instance, eating while watching TV, or a similar distraction, can increase both hunger and food consumption. Even simple 46 clues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect consumption.
A new study suggested that our short-term 47 also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them — 48 , how much they remembered eating.
This difference suggests that the recall of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our49 than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
These findings agree with the earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes 50 our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two 51 occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake’s 52 said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling 53 when they thought they’d consumed a higher-calories shake.
What does this mean to our eating habits Although it hardly seems practical to cheat ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benifit of focusing on our food, avoiding TV and multitasking while eating. The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight against 54 while we are eating. By 55 mindful eating techniques, you have the opportunity to change your current eating habits by becoming more self-aware and in tune to your body’s hunger cues.
41. A. quality B. amount C. nutrient D. variety
42. A. deliciousness B. hunger C. nutrition D. flavor
43. A. occasional B. potential C. external D. biological
44. A. environment B. content C. time D. ability
45. A. habitual B. purposeful C. unfocused D. absorbed
46. A. optional B. visual C. hidden D. flexible
47. A. vacancy B. hunger C. supply D. memory
48. A. in other words B. as a whole C. by all means D. all in all
49. A. motive B. growth C. appetite D. health
50. A. advocate B. trick C. justify D. enhance
51. A. identical B. alternative C. dependent D. separate
52. A. label B. function C. usage D. material
53. A. wiser B. healthier C. happier D. fuller
54. A. distress B. waste C. distraction D. fullness
55. A. employing B. perceiving C. clarifying D. assuming
2023届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
One summer midnight several years ago, standing outside a wooden cabin in Michigan River, I looked up. The sky was filled with thousands of stars, the sight of which was almost enough to make me, a non-believer, offer a word of ____41____ up into the star-filled sky. But to whom Perhaps to Johan Eklof, author of The Darkness Manifesto.
As a bat scientist, Eklof’s work on bats requires a specific kind of darkness—the ____42____ kind, unpolluted by light. But this category of darkness is ____43____. In the 1980s, Eklof tells readers, two-thirds of the churches in Sweden’s southwest housed bat colonies. Not any longer. “Today, forty years later, research I’ve done with my colleagues shows that this number has been reduced by a third, ____44____ light pollution and other factors. Because the churches are all ____45____ like carnivals(嘉年华) in the night,” he writes. “We are surrounding ourselves with light.”
Excess light is incredibly ____46____ to the complex eco-systems nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals inhabit. It ____47____ away the bats that Eklof studies. It frightens light-sensitive moths, leaving them easily ____48____ to predation(捕食) or flying endlessly into lights that will never return their love. Baby turtles crawl away from the shoreline toward the lights of distant coastal cities and reef fish eggs go unhatched. Birds do not migrate ____49____ and even they forget to sing. Modern advancements such as LED lights could significantly reduce some of the worst impacts, but they have not. At least, not yet.
It is worth mentioning that middle-aged writer like Eklof can ____50____ for a darker world — for darkened campuses and unlit parking lots. But darkness is not safe for everyone. We need to address the social issues that make lighted places so ____51____ in the first place.
The bottom line: We can change if we want to. Some of the solutions to light pollution— motion-detecting lights, shielded lights that do not ____52____ light upward, artificial light with wavelengths that is similar to natural light—are already within our grasp, if we just ____53____ them. “We could just turn it all off, but I guess we don’t want to,” said Eklof in a recent interview. “____54____, it’s vital we find a middle way.”
Right now it is hard to know what that middle way might look like. In 50 years, every city could be equipped with an array of programmed and ____55____ low-impact LED lights. Or we might have completely forgotten what darkness is—the sky filled with little moons.
A. honour B. gratitude C. optimism D. determination
A. artificial B. brilliant C. faint D. absolute
A. achieved B. distracted C. enhanced D. threatened
A. resulting from B. bringing about C. judging by D. contributing to
A. decorated B. restored C. lit D. faded
A. effective B. sensitive C. positive D. destructive
A. scares B. blows C. pulls D. turns
A. accustomed B. subject C. available D. restricted
A. on duty B. in turn C. on time D. in public
A. stimulate B. advocate C. negotiate D. account
A. challenging B. appealing C. demanding D. outstanding
A. absorb B. stretch C. transform D. reflect
A. reach for B. apply to C. long for D. adapt to
A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Instead
A. fundamentally B. scientifically C. environmentally D. economically
答案：
2023届上海市宝山区高考二模英语试题
41-55 CDBAC BADCA BCBAD
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了思维导图以及思维导图在发表演讲、写研究论文或负责项目中的使用
【小题41】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这时，你面临的最大问题是如何组织这些想法。A. purpose目的；B. change改变；C. question问题；D. project项目。根据下文“how to organize those thoughts"可知，如何组织这些想法是你面临的最大问题。故选C。
【小题42】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你需要集思广益，想出一些支持性的想法，然后弄清楚这些想法是如何结合在一起的。A. turn out结果是；B. take out取出；C. give out释放；发出；D. figure out弄清楚。根据上文“You need to brainstorm some supporting ideas and then"可知，你需要想出一些支持性的想法，然后弄清楚这些想法是如何结合在一起的。故选D。
【小题43】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这只是许多人经常处理的两个案例。A. consequently结果；B. frequently频繁地；经常；C. entirely完全地；D. barely仅仅；勉强；几乎不。根据上文“just two cases"以及常识可知，这只是许多人经常处理的两个案例。故选B。
【小题44】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人用大纲来充实和组织他们的想法，但这是最好的策略吗？ A. organize组织；B. express表达；C. share分享；D. spread传播。根据上文“how those ideas fit together"可知，此处指用大纲来组织想法。故选A。
【小题45】考查名词词义辨析。句意：进入思维导图，这是一种显示不同想法和事实如何相互关联的技术。A. process过程；B. foundation基础；C. technique技术；技巧；D. result结果。根据下文"that shows how different ideas and facts relate to one another"可知，此处指在给思维导图下定义，思维导图是一个技巧。故选C。
【小题46】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种二维结构旨在帮助你记住信息，因为它的格式很容易让你的大脑记住，A. route路线；B. structure结构；C. objective目的；D. direction方向。根据空前的"two-dimensional"可知，思维导图是一个二维结构。故选B。
【小题47】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. remember记住；B. confirm证实；C. draw画画；D. design设计。根据下文“help you remember information"可知，思维导图的格式很容易让你的大脑记住，remember是原词复现。故选A。
【小题48】考查名词词义辨析。句意：思维导图不仅能提高生产力和创造力，还能提高记忆力。A. confidence自信心；B. capacity能力；C. efficiency效率；D. creativity创造力。根据下文"Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement"以及常识可知，思维导图能提高生产力和创造力，还能提高记忆力。故选D。
【小题49】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：简单地说，就是将一个人的想法以一个中心思想开始的视觉图表的形式表达出来。A. vivid生动的；B. special特殊的；C. visual视觉的；D. normal正常的。根据下文“Put this idea in a bubble（气泡）in the middle of a page with lines radiating out to other bubbles that contain related themes or concepts. （将这个想法放在页面中间的气泡中，线条向包含相关主题或概念的其他气泡辐射。）"可知，思维导图是以视觉图表的形式表达出来的。故选C。
【小题50】考查名词词义辨析。句意：用单词、短语或图片来表达你的想法。A. images图像；形象；B. sentences句子；C. passages通道；章节；D. languages语言。根据下文“Studies have shown that this technique of using pictures，colors and visual arrangement has improved people's recall and memory of information by 10 to 15 percent. （研究表明，这种使用图片、颜色和视觉排列的技术使人们对信息的回忆和记忆提高了10%至15%。））"以及常识可知，思维导图是用单词、短语或图片来表达你的想法。故选A。
【小题41】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些关联通常会导致其他想法，这些想法可以在同一级别或适当的较小分支中添加。A. obvious明显的；B. appropriate合适的；C. meaningful有意义的； D. empty空的。根据空前“in smaller branches”可知，这些想法可以在同一级别或适当的较小分支中添加。故选B。
【小题42】考查名词词义辨析。句意：使用颜色编码的气泡可以直观地表示每个分支的联系。A. function功能；B. extension拓展；延申；C. connection联系；D. determination决心。根据下文"Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement，__ 13 people to make more links and associations on topics of any kind. ”可知，使用颜色编码的气泡可以直观地表示每个分支的联系。connection与是links and associations同义词复现。故选C。
【小题43】考查动词词义辨析。句意：空间的安排激发了创造力，使人们能够在任何类型的主题上建立更多的联系和联想。A. encouraging鼓励；B. enabling使能够；C. reminding提醒；D. informing告知。根据上文“Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement可知，空间的安排激发了创造力，从而使人们能够在任何类型的主题上建立更多的联系和联想，此处是现在分词作结果状语。故选B。
【小题44】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，它还提高了一个人的生产力，因为思维导图可以更容易地更快地学习，同时更有效地交流。A. Additionally此外；B. Sincerely真诚地；C. Briefly简要地；D. Generally通常。根据上文“Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement"以及下文"it increases one's productivity”可知，此处应用additionally表示递进关系。故选A。
【小题45】考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以，无论你是负责一个项目还是写一篇研究论文，都要把这项技术作为你计划过程的核心部分！A. in love with爱上；B. in terms of就. . . . . . . 而言；C. in favour of赞成；D. in charge of负责。根据上文“You have to make a speech. You have done your research. ”可知，无论你是负责一个项目还是写一篇研究论文，都要把这项技术作为你计划过程的核心部分！故选D。
2023届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】41. A42. B43. D44. C45. C46. A47. C48. A49. B50. D51. C52. B53. A54. D55. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网上订餐的兴起和外卖公司面临的机遇和挑战。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在青少年和千禧一代中，在网上订餐已经成为一种已确立的习惯，就像在网上预订房间一样。A. established已确立的，确定的；B. cautious小心的，谨慎的；C. curious好奇的；D. annoying令人恼火的。根据句中“as...a habit as booking a room online”可知，网上订餐与网上预订房间一样，已经是一种确定的习惯。故选A项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从美国最大的外卖公司DoorDash的财务文件中，我们可以清楚地看到消费者对食物的着迷程度。A. aim-oriented目标导向的；B. addicted上瘾的，着迷的；C. excited激动的；D. well-informed消息灵通的；见多识广的。根据下文“From January to September that year, it booked orders worth $16 billion, up by 198% year on year.”可知，外卖公司的订单同比增长198%，说明消费者对食物非常着迷。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国大约70万家餐馆中的大多数现在都通过配送应用程序进行配送。A. collect收集；B. relay传递；C. forecast预测；D. distribute分发。根据句中“by means of a delivery app”可知，通过应用程序进行配送。故选D项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：现代生活使人们更加依赖于方便食品，因为越来越多的女性工作，每个人都缺乏时间。A. friendly to对……友好；B. experienced in在……方面有经验；C. short of缺乏；D. responsible for为……负责。根据句中“more women work”可推知，越来越多传统上负责准备食物的女性走向职场，所以大家时间都变得忙起来，都缺时间。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：20年前，当欧洲的Takeaway. com和美国的Grubhub将菜单放在网上时，餐馆进入了数字世界。A. outside外边的；B. right正确的；C. online在线的，网上的；D. free免费的。根据句中“Restaurants entered the digital world”可推知，Takeaway. com和Grubhub将菜单放到网上。故选C项。
【46题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，新的“第三方物流”公司，如DoorDash和Uber Eats，必须分担平均约30美元的账单，分三份。A. By contrast相比之下；B. For instance例如；C. To sum up总之；D. In turn反过来。上文讲传统的餐馆自己配送食物，与下文中新的第三方配送公司相比较，上下文有对比关系。故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦司机和餐馆拿走了他们的份额，就所剩无几了。A. edge边，边缘；B. role角色，作用；C. cut份额；D. price价格。根据上文“to share the bills, which average around $30, three ways”可知，收益要分成三份，司机、餐馆和第三方配送公司用各自的份额。故选C项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到最近，这些初创公司都没有赚钱，即使是在劳动力成本低得多的新兴市场。A. money钱；B. calls电话；C. complaints抱怨；D. movement移动。根据上文“Once drivers and restaurants take their 7 , not much is left.”可知，司机和餐馆拿走自己的份额后，剩下的就不多了，所以这些初创公司没有赚钱。故选A项。
【49题详解】
考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：由于缺乏明显的规模经济效益或进入壁垒，几家竞争对手通过向食客提供慷慨的折扣来争夺市场份额，并在此过程中造成亏损。A. trade贸易；B. generous慷慨的，大方的；C. mean吝啬的，小气的；D. cash现款。根据句中“fighting over market share”可推知，为了争夺市场份额，这些公司会给食客提供慷慨的折扣。故选B项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们还面临劳动力成本大幅增加的前景，因为加州通过了一项法律，要求公司将使用应用程序的员工视为正式员工。A. break打破；B. division分开；C. blow刮，吹；D. rise增加。根据句中“California passed a law that required companies to treat app-based workers as full employees”可推知，加州通过法律要求公司将使用应用程序的员工视为正式员工，所以公司成本会增加。故选D项。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这家美国公司的数据中有很多值得考虑的地方。A. Moreover 此外，而且；B. Therefore因此，所以；C. However然而，可是；D. Consequently因此，结果。上文提到这些初创公司都没有赚钱，而且公司成本将面临增加的可能，下文“the American firm’s numbers contained plenty to chew on. DoorDash is generating cash and is profitable on an adjusted basis.”却说美国公司DoorDash在调整后实现盈利，上下文有转折关系。故选C项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它甚至开始向其他公司运送食品杂货和便利店商品，并向其他公司提供“最后一英里送货服务”。A. advertising广告活动；B. delivery递送，投递；C. insurance保险；D. productivity生产率，生产力。根据句中“It has even started delivering groceries and convenience-store items”可推知，公司提供的是送货服务。故选B项。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他事实则难以接受。A. harder更难的；B. quicker更快；C. easier更简单；D. slower较慢的。根据下文“DoorDash warns that growth will slow as more people are going back to work after the virus declined.”描述了公司可能面临的困难，所以难以接受。故选A项。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多受益于封锁和消费者自我隔离的上市数字公司的股价在有效疫苗的消息发布后下跌。A. doubled加倍；B. last持续，持久；C. mounted爬上；D. fell降落，落下。根据句中“digital firms that benefited from lockdowns and self-isolating consumers”可知，这些公司受益于与疫情相关的封锁和消费者自我隔离，所以“有效疫苗的消息”发布后，这些公司股票会下跌。故选D项。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管批评人士在加州失败了，招临工的公司将继续面临利用员工的指控。A. taking advantage of利用；B. going along with陪……一起去；C. looking out for留心，提防；D. putting up with忍受，容忍。根据句中“critics”和“accusations”可知，招临工的公司遭到批评和指控，是因为它们利用员工。故选A项。
2023届上海市崇明区高三下学期二模英语试卷
【答案】21. D22. A23. B24. D25. A26. C27. A28. B29. C30. D31. B32. C33. A34. D35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，含糖饮料甚至纯果汁可能会增加你患某些癌症的风险。这项研究无法证明因果关系，但它发现，每天喝90-120毫升含糖饮料与患癌症的整体风险增加18%有关。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但新的研究表明，含糖饮料甚至纯果汁可能会增加你患某些癌症的风险。A. iced加冰的；B. mineral矿物的；C. bottled瓶装的；D. sweetened有甜味的。呼应后文“90-120ml of sugary drinks”指含糖的甜饮料。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究无法证明因果关系，但它发现，每天喝90-120毫升含糖饮料与患癌症的整体风险增加18%有关。A. tied系；B. devoted奉献；C. reduced减少；D. limited限制。根据后文“to an 18% rise in overall risk for cancer”指每天喝90-120毫升含糖饮料与患癌症的整体风险增加18%有关，为短语be tied to表示“有关系”。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的团队收集了超过10万名平均年龄为42岁的法国男性和女性的数据，他们参加了一项全国性的研究。A. game游戏；B. study研究；C. ceremony仪式；D. examination考试。此处呼应上文“The new study”指全国性研究。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：参与者回答了关于他们每天食用3300种不同食物和饮料数量的问题，并被跟踪调查了长达9年。A. checked检查；B. caged关入笼里；C. occupied占据；D. followed跟随。根据后文“for up to nine years”可知，参与者被进行了跟踪调查。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：该研究揭示了含糖饮料的摄入与一般癌症风险，特别是乳腺癌风险之间的联系。A. in general通常；B. without exception没有例外；C. on the contrary相反；D. by accident偶然。后文“and for breast cancer specifically”提到了特别是乳腺癌，可知本句是在说明一般癌症风险。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员没有发现含糖饮料与前列腺癌或结肠癌之间的联系，但作者强调，研究中患这些癌症的人太少，这使得这一发现具有权威性。A. unreliable不可靠的；B. unexpected意外的；C. authoritative权威的；D. original起初的。根据上文“but the authors stressed that too few people in the study developed these cancers to make this finding”可知，作者强调，研究中患这些癌症的人太少，这使得这一发现具有权威性。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该研究没有发现无糖汽水和癌症之间的联系，尽管需要更多的研究来证实这一点，作者指出。A. uncovered揭开，发现；B. anticipated预期；C. established建立；D. hid隐藏。根据后文“ although more study is needed to confirm that, the authors noted”可知，该研究没有发现无糖汽水和癌症之间的联系。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员说，即使研究小组调整了年龄、性别、教育水平、癌症家族史、吸烟和体育活动等因素，含糖饮料和癌症之间的联系仍然保持不变。A. hunted打猎；B. adjusted调整；C. prepared准备；D. mounted安装。根据后文“for age, sex, educational level, family history of cancer, smoking and physical activity”可知，即使研究小组调整了年龄、性别、教育水平、癌症家族史、吸烟和体育活动等因素，含糖饮料和癌症之间的联系仍然保持不变。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，为什么会有这种联系呢？A. research研究；B. similarity相似性；C. connection联系；D. impact影响。呼应上文“The connection between sugary drinks and cancer”指含糖饮料和癌症之间的联系。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：据图维耶的研究小组称，高热量饮料可能会增加患癌症的风险，因为糖有助于身体脂肪的生成，此外还会提高血糖水平和炎症，这些都是患癌症的风险因素。A. behaviors行为；B. assessments评估；C. perceptions认知；D. factors因素。根据上文“high-calorie drinks may raise cancer risk because sugar helps build body fat, in addition to raising blood sugar levels and inflammation”可知，高热量饮料可能会增加患癌症的风险，因为糖有助于身体脂肪的生成，此外还会提高血糖水平和炎症，这些都是患癌症的风险因素。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员推断，这些饮料中发现的化学物质可能会增加患癌症的风险。A. explaining解释；B. increasing增加；C. preventing阻止；D. predicting预测。根据上文“chemicals found in these drinks”可知，这些饮料指的是上文提到的含糖高的饮料，所以其中发现的化学物质可能会增加患癌症的风险。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，一个代表饮料行业的组织表示，含糖饮料仍然可以成为普通饮食的一部分。A. local当地的；B. nutritional营养的；C. average平均的，普通的；D. conventional传统的。后文提到所有的饮料——无论是含糖的还是不含糖的——都是安全的，可以作为均衡饮食的一部分饮用，说明含糖饮料仍然可以成为普通饮食的一部分。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：重要的是，人们要知道，所有的饮料——无论是含糖的还是不含糖的——都是安全的，可以作为均衡饮食的一部分饮用。A. safe安全的；B. impossible不可能的；C. exceptional卓越的；D. effective有效的。根据后文“as part of a balanced diet”可知，可以作为均衡饮食的一部分饮用说明是安全的。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国领先的饮料公司正在共同努力，通过提供更多的低糖或零糖选择，更小的包装尺寸和明确的卡路里信息，支持消费者减少从我们的饮料中摄入的糖的努力。A. neutralize抵消；B. digest消化；C. remove去除；D. reduce减少。根据后文“by providing more choices with less sugar or zero sugar, smaller package sizes and clear calorie information right up front”可知，提供更多的低糖或零糖选择，更小的包装尺寸和明确的卡路里信息，是为了支持消费者减少从饮料中摄入的糖的努力。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说，她对这些发现并不感到惊讶。A. annoyed生气的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. delighted高兴的。根据后文“She noted that, for decades, these drinks have been linked with diseases such as heart disease. On the other hand, “most of us should be drinking more water than we do, ” Heller said. (她指出，几十年来，这些饮料一直与心脏病等疾病有关。另一方面，“我们大多数人应该比现在喝更多的水，”海勒说)”可知，她对这些发现并不感到惊讶。故选B。
2023届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试卷
41. B 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. B 47. D
48. A 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了影响食物摄入量的因素以及饮食策略。
【小题41】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，是什么决定了你摄入的食物量？A. quality质量；B. amount数量；C. nutrient营养物质；D. variety类别。根据第3空所在的“In recent years，a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake （摄入）are influenced by a large number of factors besides our___3______need for energy. "可知，此处讨论的是事物的摄入量，故选B项。
【小题42】考查名词词义辨析。句意：饥饿是关键因素的传统观念是可以挑战的。A. deliciousness美味；B. hunger饥饿；C. nutrition营养；D. flavor味道。根据前文的“You may not be right if your answer is the degree of hunger. ”（如果你的答案是饥饿的程度，那么你可能是不对的）可知，传统的观念认为饥饿是影响食物摄入量的关键因素，故选B项。
【小题43】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：近年来，越来越多的研究表明，我们的食欲和食物摄入量除了我们对能量的生理需求
外，还受到许多因素的影响。A. occasional偶然的；B. potential潜在的；C. external外部的；D. biological生理的。此处的需求指的是饥饿，这是人的一种生理需求，故选D项。
【小题44】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一些因素包括我们的饮食环境和我们对面前食物的感知。A. environment环境；B. content内容；C. time时间；D. ability能力。根据第5空的"Studies have shown that 5eating，for instance，eating while watching TV，or a similar distraction， can increase both hunger and food consumption. ”（研究表明，饮食，例如，边看电视边吃，或类似的分心行为，会增加饥饿感和食物消耗。）可知，此处指的是饮食环境会影响食物摄入量，故选A项。
【小题45】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，不集中注意力的饮食，例如，边看电视边吃，或类似的分心行为，会增加饥饿感和食物消耗。A. habitual习惯的；B. purposeful故意的；C. unfocused心不在焉的；D. absorbed全神贯注的。根据“eating while watching TV"可知，此处指的是不集中注意力地吃饭，故选C项.
【小题46】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是简单的视觉线索，如盘子大小和照明，也被证明会影响消费。A. optional选择的；B. visual视觉的；C. hidden隐藏的；D. flexible灵活的。根据“like plate size and lighting”可知，这些指的是视觉影响，故选B 项。
【小题47】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项新的研究表明，我们的短期记忆也可能在食欲中发挥作用。A. vacancy空缺；B. hunger饥饿；C. supply供给；D. memory记忆。根据第8空的“how much they remembered eating"可知，此处指的是短期记忆的影响，故选D项。
【小题48】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：饭后几个小时，人们的饥饿程度不是通过他们吃了多少来预测的，而是通过他们已经看到面前有多少食物来预测的——换句话说，就是他们记得吃了多少。A. in other words换句话说；B. as a whole作为整体；C. by all means千方百计；D. all in all总而言之。根据句意可知，后半句是对前句的解释说明，“换句话说”，故选A项
【小题49】考查名词词义辨析。句意：布里斯托尔大学实验心理学教授杰弗里M布伦斯特罗姆说，这种差异表明，记起上一顿饭对我们的食欲的影响可能比实际饭量更大。A. motive动机；B. growth成长；C. appetite胃口；D. health健康。本文主要谈论对饭量，即胃口的影响因素，故选C项。
【小题50】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些发现与早期的研究一致，早期的研究表明，我们对食物的感知有时会欺骗我们身体对食物本身的反应。A. advocate倡议；B. trick欺骗；C. justify为. . . . . 辩解、说明；D. enhance巩固。根据后文的"people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones "可知，此处指的是我们对事物的感知带来的欺骗性，故选B项。
【小题51】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，在2011年的一项研究中，在两个不同的场合喝同一杯380卡路里的奶昔的人产生了不同水平的饥饿相关激素，这取决于奶昔的标签上说它含有620卡路里还是140卡路里。A. identical同样的；B. alternative可供选择的；C. dependent依赖的；D. separate分隔的。根据语境可知，这是一个对比实验，在不同的场合喝同样的食物，符合实验逻辑，故选D项。
【小题52】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. label标签；B. function功能；C. usage用途；D. material材料。根据常识可知，食物的卡路里数量一般标记在标签上，故选A项。
【小题53】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，参与者报告说，当他们认为自己摄入了更高热量的奶昔时，会感到更饱。A wiser更明智的；B. healthier更健康的；C. happier更开心的；D. fuller更饱的。根据前文提到欺骗性可知，当参与者认为自己吃了更高热量的食物时，会觉得更饱，这正是欺骗性的一种体现，故选D项.
【小题54】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所谓的正念饮食策略可以在我们吃饭时对抗分心。A. distress忧虑、悲伤；B. waste废物；C. distraction分散注意力；D. fullness饱。根据前文提到的不集中注意力的饮食会增加饮食消耗可知，我们需要对抗这种饮食中的分心来控制食物摄入量，故选C项。
【小题55】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过使用注意饮食的技巧，你有机会通过变得更加自我意识和适应身体的饥饿提示来改变你目前的饮食习惯。A. employing雇佣，运用；B. perceiving感知；C. clarifying澄清；D. assuming假定。根据“mindful eating techniques"可知，此处指的是采用正念饮食策略，故选A项。
2023届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试卷
41-55 CBDAC BDBCA DBADC
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了光污染对鸟类以及夜间习性动物的影响，以及作者提出了可能的解决方法。
【小题41】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一景象几乎足以让我这个不信教的人在布满星星的天空中说出一个感恩词。A. honour 荣誉；B. gratitude感恩；C. optimism乐观主义；D. determination决心。根据后文“Birds do not migrate____9____and even they forget to sing. Modern advancements such as LED lights could significantly reduce some of the worst impacts, but they have not. At least, not yet"以及"It is worth mentioning that middle-aged writer like Eklof can____10____for a darker world——for darkened campuses and unlit parking lots. "可知作者的感恩是出于对Johan Eklof，也就是《黑暗宣言》的作者。故选B项。
【小题42】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名蝙蝠科学家，埃克洛夫对蝙蝠的研究需要一种特殊的黑暗一纯粹的那种不受光污染的黑暗。A. artificial人工的；B. brilliant灿烂的；C. faint微弱的；D. absolute完全的。根据后文“unpolluted by light”可知埃克洛夫的研究需要的是完全没有光污染的黑暗。故选D项。
【小题43】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这类黑暗受到了威胁。A. achieved获得；B. distracted分心；C. enhanced增强；D. threatened威胁。根据后文"Because the churches are all5like carnivals（嘉年华）in the night. "可知这种类型的光减少了很多，收到了威胁。故选D项。
【小题44】考查动词短语辨析。句意：四十年后的今天，我和同事们所做的研究表明，由于光污染和其他因素导致了这个数字已经减少了三分之一。A. resulting from由……引起；B. bringing about导致；C. judging by从……判断；D. contributing to为……作出贡献。根据后文的“Because the churches are all 5 like camivals（嘉年华）in the night"可知光污染和其他因素导致他的研究减少了。故选A项。
【小题45】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为在晚上教堂都装饰地像嘉年华一样。A. decorated装饰；B. restored恢复；C. lit点亮；D. faded褪色。根据后文的“We are surrounding ourselves with light. ”可知教堂用灯光装饰了。故选C项。
【小题46】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过量的光线对夜间活动的动物所居住的复杂生态系统具有难以置信的破坏性。A. effective有效的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. positive积极的；D. destructive破坏性的。根据后文的“It_____7_____away the bats that Eklof studies. It frightens light-sensitive moths”可知过量的光线是有破坏性的。故选D项。
【小题47】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它把埃克洛夫研究的编幅吓跑了。A. scares吓到，使……害怕；B. blows打击；C. pulls 拉；D. turns转动。根据前文的“Excess light is destructive to the complex eco-systems nocturnal （夜间活动的T） animals inhabit. ”可知蝙蝠吓跑了。故选A项。
【小题48】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它吓坏了对光敏感的蛾类，使它们很容易被捕食或者无休止地飞向永远不会回报他们爱的光芒。A. accustomed习惯的；B. subject可能受. . . . . . 影响的；C. available可用的；D. restricted受限制的。根据后文“or flying endlessly into lights that will never return their love"可知灯光影响了蛾类。故选B项。
【小题49】考查介词短语辨析。句意：乌类不准时迁徙，甚至它们也忘了唱歌。A. on duty值班；B. in turn依次；C. on time准时；D. in public当众。根据常识可知鸟儿迁徙每年几乎是同一个时间。故选C项。
【小题50】考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得一提的是，像埃克洛夫这样的中年作家支持一个更黑暗的世界—黑暗的校园和没有灯光的停车场。A. stimulate刺激；B. advocate辩护，支持；C. negotiate协商；D. account认为是，视为。根据后文“We need to address the social issues that make lighted places so 11 in the first place. ”可知克洛夫支持“黑暗世界”。故选B项。
【小题51】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们需要首先解决那些使照明场所如此吸引人的社会问题。A. challenging挑战性的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. demanding要求高的；D. outstanding优秀的。根据前文“Baby turtles crawl away from the shoreline toward the lights of instant coastalcitis and reef fishegs go unhatched. Birds do not migrate and even they forget to sing. "可知这些灯光对动物和昆虫们太有吸引力。故选B项。
【小题52】考查动词词义辨析。句意：光污染的一些解决方案一运动检测灯、不向上反光的屏蔽灯、波长与自然光相似的人造光都已经在我们的掌握范围内了。A. absorb吸收；B. stretch拉伸；C. transform变换；D. reflect反映，反射。根据后文“light upward"可知此处指的是灯光向上反射。故选D项。
【小题53】考查动词短语辨析。句意：光污染的一些解决方案一运动检测灯、不向上反射光的屏蔽灯、波长与自然光相似的人造光—如果我们能找到的话，它们已经在我们的掌握范围内了。A. reach for伸手去够；B. apply to适用于；C. long for渴望；D. adapt to适应。根据前文“are already within our grasp”可知此处表示在我们可掌控范围内。故选A项。
【小题54】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此找到一条中间道路至关重要。A. Therefore因此；B. Furthermore此外；C. However然而；D. Instead相反。根据前文“We could just turn it all off， but I guess we don't want to"可知此处表示一种结果。故选A项。
【小题55】考查副词词义辨析。句意：50年后，每个城市都可以配备一系列程序化、环保的低冲击LED灯。A fundamentally基本上地；B. scientifically科学地；C. environmentally环境地，环保地；D. economically经济地，实惠地。根据后文“low-impact LED lights”,可知是环保的LED灯。故选C项。
完形填空
2023届上海市宝山区高考二模英语试题
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
You have to make a speech. You have done your research and now have plenty of ideas bouncing around in your head that you want to get across. The big 41 you face at this point is how to organize those thoughts. Or perhaps you are planning to write a paper, and all you have is the main topic. You need to brainstorm some supporting ideas and then 42 how those ideas fit together.
These are just two cases that many people deal with 43 . Some use outlining to flesh out and 44 their ideas, but is that the best strategy If everyone thought in a linear(线性的) manner, then the answer would be yes, but most people don't.
Enter mind mapping, a 45 that shows how different ideas and facts relate to one another. This two-dimensional(二维的) 46 is designed to help you remember information because its format is easy for your mind to 47 . Mind maps have proven to increase not only productivity and 48 but also memory. More than 250 million people worldwide use them, so why don't you have a try and see what they are all about
What is a mind map Simply put, it is one's ideas put into the form of a 49 diagram that starts with a central idea. Put this idea in a bubble(气泡) in the middle of a page with lines radiating out to other bubbles that contain related themes or concepts. It should look like a many-legged spider. Use words, short phrases or 50 to express your ideas. These associations often lead to other ideas that can be added at the same level or in smaller branches where 51 . Use color-coded bubbles for a visual representation of each branch's 52 . You are now mapping your thoughts and ideas in the way your brain thinks.
Studies have shown that this technique of using pictures, colors and visual arrangement has improved people's recall and memory of information by 10 to 15 percent. But it doesn't stop there. Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement, 53 people to make more links and associations on topics of any kind. 54 , it increases one's productivity because mind mapping makes it easier to learn faster while communicating more effectively.
So whether you're 55 a project or writing a research paper, make this technique acore part of your planning process!
A. purpose B. change C. question D. project
A. turn out B. take out C. give out D. figure out
A. consequently B. frequently C. entirely D. barely
A. organize B. express C. share D. spread
A. process B. foundation C. technique D. result
A. route B. structure C. objective D. direction
A. remember B. confirm C. draw D. design
A. confidence B. capacity C. efficiency D. creativity
A. vivid B. special C. visual D. normal
A. images B. sentences C. passages D. languages
A. obvious B. appropriate C. meaningful D. empty
A. function B. extension C. connection D. determination
A. encouraging B. enabling C. reminding D. informing
A. Additionally B. Sincerely C. Briefly D. Generally
A. in love with B. in terms of C. in favour of D. in charge of
2023届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Food-delivery firms are coming of age. Among teens and millennials, ordering food online is as 41 a habit as booking a room online. Just how 42 consumers are is clear from financial documents by DoorDash, America’s biggest food-delivery company. From January to September that year, it booked orders worth $16billion, up by 198% year on year.
The majority of America’s 700, 000 or so eateries now 43 by means of a delivery app. Modern life makes people rely more on convenience food, as more women work and everybody is 44 time. In doing so, it has also changed one of Silicon Valley’s most criticizedbusiness models.
Restaurants entered the digital world two decades ago when Takeaway. com in Europe and Grubhub in America put menus 45 . Restaurants delivered the food themselves and the middlemen were reliably profitable. 46 , the new “third-party logistics” firms like DoorDash and Uber Eats have to share the bills, which average around $30, three ways. Once drivers and restaurants take their 47 , not much is left.
Until recently none of these startup firms made 48 , even in emerging markets where labour costs are far lower. Lack of obvious economies of scale or barriers to entry meant several competitors were fighting over market share by offering diners 49 discounts—and bleeding red ink in the process. They also faced the prospect of a sharp 50 in labour costs, as California passed a law that required companies to treat app-based workers as full employees.
51 , the American firm’s numbers contained plenty to chew on. DoorDash is generating cash and is profitable on an adjusted basis. Its in-app ads business offers juicy margins. The company sees itself as the digital hub for the convenience economy, connecting merchants, customers and riders; the word “platform” arose 646 times in its filing. It has even started delivering groceries and convenience-store items and selling last-mile 52 to other companies. Looking ahead, high unemployment amid a continuing economic downturn should mean lots of cheap labour.
Other facts are 53 to swallow. DoorDash warns that growth will slow as more people are going back to work after the virus declined. The share prices of many listed digital firms that benefited from lockdowns and self-isolating consumers 54on the news of an effective vaccine(疫苗). And despite their critics’ defeat in California, gig firms(招临工的公司) will continue to face accusations of 55 their workers. In this respect, DoorDash has already joined the club of listed tech platforms.
41. A. established B. cautious C. curious D. annoying
42. A. aim-oriented B. addicted C. excited D. well-informed
43. A. collect B. relay C. forecast D. distribute
44. A. friendly to B. experienced in C. short of D. responsible for
45. A. outside B. right C. online D. free
46. A. By contrast B. For instance C. To sum up D. In turn
47. A. edge B. role C. cut D. price
48. A. money B. calls C. complaints D. movement
49. A. trade B. generous C. mean D. cash
50. A. break B. division C. blow D. rise
51. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Consequently
52. A. advertising B. delivery C. insurance D. productivity
53. A. harder B. quicker C. easier D. slower
54. A. doubled B. last C. mounted D. fell
55. A. taking advantage of B. going along with C. looking out for D. putting up with
2023届上海市崇明区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
It’s long been known that sugary drinks help people pack on unwanted kilograms. But new research suggests that ___21___ drinks and even 100% fruit juice might raise your risk for some cancers. The study couldn’t prove cause and effect, but it found that drinking as little as 90-120ml of sugary drinks each day was ___22___ to an 18% rise in overall risk for cancer.
The new study was led by Mathilde Touvier, research director at the University of Paris. Her team collected data on more than 100,000 French men and women, average age 42, who took part in a national ___23___.
The participants answered questions about how much of 3,300 different foods and drinks they consumed each day, and were ___24___ for up to nine years.
The study uncovered links between the consumption of sugary drinks and the risk of cancer___25___, and for breast cancer specifically. The investigators found no association between sugary drinks and prostate or colon cancers (前列腺或结肠癌), but the authors stressed that too few people in the study developed these cancers to make this finding ___26___. The research ___27___ no links between diet sodas (无糖汽水) and cancer, although more study is needed to confirm that, the authors noted.
The connection between sugary drinks and cancer remained the same even after the team ___28___for age, sex, educational level, family history of cancer, smoking and physical activity, the researchers said.
So, why the ___29___ According to Touvier’s team, high-calorie drinks may raise cancer risk because sugar helps build body fat, in addition to raising blood sugar levels and inflammation (发炎) — all of which are risk ___30___ for cancer. It’s also possible that chemicals found in these drinks might play a part in ___31___ cancer risk, the researchers theorized.
A group representing the drinks industry said sugary drinks can still be a part of the ___32___ diet, however. In a statement, the American Beverage Association said: “It’s important for people to know that all drinks — either with sugar or without — are ___33___ to consume as part of a balanced diet. America’s leading drinks companies are working together to support consumers’ efforts to ___34___ the sugar they consume from our drinks by providing more choices with less sugar or zero sugar, smaller package sizes and clear calorie information right up front.”
Samantha Heller is a senior clinical nutritionist at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City. She said she wasn’t ___35___ by the findings. She noted that, for decades, these drinks have been linked with diseases such as heart disease. On the other hand, “most of us should be drinking more water than we do,” Heller said.
21. A. iced B. mineral C. bottled D. sweetened
22. A. tied B. devoted C. reduced D. limited
23A. game B. study C. ceremony D. examination
24. A. checked B. caged C. occupied D. followed
25. A. in general B. without exception C. on the contrary D. by accident
26. A. unreliable B. unexpected C. authoritative D. original
27. A. uncovered B. anticipated C. established D. hid
28. A. hunted B. adjusted C. prepared D. mounted
29. A. research B. similarity C. connection D. impact
30. A. behaviors B. assessments C. perceptions D. factors
31A. explaining B. increasing C. preventing D. predicting
32. A. local B. nutritional C. average D. conventional
33. A. safe B. impossible C. exceptional D. effective
34. A. neutralize B. digest C. remove D. reduce
35. A. annoyed B. surprised C. embarrassed D. delighted
2023届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
What will you do when you are hungry Of course, anyone would go and grab something to eat. And then, what determines the 41 of food you take in You may not be right if your answer is the degree of hunger. The conventional concept that 42 is the key factor is open to challenge. In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake (摄入) are influenced by a large number of factors besides our 43 need for energy. Some of the factors include our eating 44 and our perceptionof the food in front of us.
Studies have shown that 45 eating, for instance, eating while watching TV, or a similar distraction, can increase both hunger and food consumption. Even simple 46 clues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect consumption.
A new study suggested that our short-term 47 also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them — 48 , how much they remembered eating.
This difference suggests that the recall of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our49 than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
These findings agree with the earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes 50 our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two 51 occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake’s 52 said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling 53 when they thought they’d consumed a higher-calories shake.
What does this mean to our eating habits Although it hardly seems practical to cheat ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benifit of focusing on our food, avoiding TV and multitasking while eating. The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight against 54 while we are eating. By 55 mindful eating techniques, you have the opportunity to change your current eating habits by becoming more self-aware and in tune to your body’s hunger cues.
41. A. quality B. amount C. nutrient D. variety
42. A. deliciousness B. hunger C. nutrition D. flavor
43. A. occasional B. potential C. external D. biological
44. A. environment B. content C. time D. ability
45. A. habitual B. purposeful C. unfocused D. absorbed
46. A. optional B. visual C. hidden D. flexible
47. A. vacancy B. hunger C. supply D. memory
48. A. in other words B. as a whole C. by all means D. all in all
49. A. motive B. growth C. appetite D. health
50. A. advocate B. trick C. justify D. enhance
51. A. identical B. alternative C. dependent D. separate
52. A. label B. function C. usage D. material
53. A. wiser B. healthier C. happier D. fuller
54. A. distress B. waste C. distraction D. fullness
55. A. employing B. perceiving C. clarifying D. assuming
2023届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
One summer midnight several years ago, standing outside a wooden cabin in Michigan River, I looked up. The sky was filled with thousands of stars, the sight of which was almost enough to make me, a non-believer, offer a word of ____41____ up into the star-filled sky. But to whom Perhaps to Johan Eklof, author of The Darkness Manifesto.
As a bat scientist, Eklof’s work on bats requires a specific kind of darkness—the ____42____ kind, unpolluted by light. But this category of darkness is ____43____. In the 1980s, Eklof tells readers, two-thirds of the churches in Sweden’s southwest housed bat colonies. Not any longer. “Today, forty years later, research I’ve done with my colleagues shows that this number has been reduced by a third, ____44____ light pollution and other factors. Because the churches are all ____45____ like carnivals(嘉年华) in the night,” he writes. “We are surrounding ourselves with light.”
Excess light is incredibly ____46____ to the complex eco-systems nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals inhabit. It ____47____ away the bats that Eklof studies. It frightens light-sensitive moths, leaving them easily ____48____ to predation(捕食) or flying endlessly into lights that will never return their love. Baby turtles crawl away from the shoreline toward the lights of distant coastal cities and reef fish eggs go unhatched. Birds do not migrate ____49____ and even they forget to sing. Modern advancements such as LED lights could significantly reduce some of the worst impacts, but they have not. At least, not yet.
It is worth mentioning that middle-aged writer like Eklof can ____50____ for a darker world — for darkened campuses and unlit parking lots. But darkness is not safe for everyone. We need to address the social issues that make lighted places so ____51____ in the first place.
The bottom line: We can change if we want to. Some of the solutions to light pollution— motion-detecting lights, shielded lights that do not ____52____ light upward, artificial light with wavelengths that is similar to natural light—are already within our grasp, if we just ____53____ them. “We could just turn it all off, but I guess we don’t want to,” said Eklof in a recent interview. “____54____, it’s vital we find a middle way.”
Right now it is hard to know what that middle way might look like. In 50 years, every city could be equipped with an array of programmed and ____55____ low-impact LED lights. Or we might have completely forgotten what darkness is—the sky filled with little moons.
A. honour B. gratitude C. optimism D. determination
A. artificial B. brilliant C. faint D. absolute
A. achieved B. distracted C. enhanced D. threatened
A. resulting from B. bringing about C. judging by D. contributing to
A. decorated B. restored C. lit D. faded
A. effective B. sensitive C. positive D. destructive
A. scares B. blows C. pulls D. turns
A. accustomed B. subject C. available D. restricted
A. on duty B. in turn C. on time D. in public
A. stimulate B. advocate C. negotiate D. account
A. challenging B. appealing C. demanding D. outstanding
A. absorb B. stretch C. transform D. reflect
A. reach for B. apply to C. long for D. adapt to
A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Instead
A. fundamentally B. scientifically C. environmentally D. economically
答案：
2023届上海市宝山区高考二模英语试题
41-55 CDBAC BADCA BCBAD
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了思维导图以及思维导图在发表演讲、写研究论文或负责项目中的使用
【小题41】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这时，你面临的最大问题是如何组织这些想法。A. purpose目的；B. change改变；C. question问题；D. project项目。根据下文“how to organize those thoughts"可知，如何组织这些想法是你面临的最大问题。故选C。
【小题42】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你需要集思广益，想出一些支持性的想法，然后弄清楚这些想法是如何结合在一起的。A. turn out结果是；B. take out取出；C. give out释放；发出；D. figure out弄清楚。根据上文“You need to brainstorm some supporting ideas and then"可知，你需要想出一些支持性的想法，然后弄清楚这些想法是如何结合在一起的。故选D。
【小题43】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这只是许多人经常处理的两个案例。A. consequently结果；B. frequently频繁地；经常；C. entirely完全地；D. barely仅仅；勉强；几乎不。根据上文“just two cases"以及常识可知，这只是许多人经常处理的两个案例。故选B。
【小题44】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人用大纲来充实和组织他们的想法，但这是最好的策略吗？ A. organize组织；B. express表达；C. share分享；D. spread传播。根据上文“how those ideas fit together"可知，此处指用大纲来组织想法。故选A。
【小题45】考查名词词义辨析。句意：进入思维导图，这是一种显示不同想法和事实如何相互关联的技术。A. process过程；B. foundation基础；C. technique技术；技巧；D. result结果。根据下文"that shows how different ideas and facts relate to one another"可知，此处指在给思维导图下定义，思维导图是一个技巧。故选C。
【小题46】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种二维结构旨在帮助你记住信息，因为它的格式很容易让你的大脑记住，A. route路线；B. structure结构；C. objective目的；D. direction方向。根据空前的"two-dimensional"可知，思维导图是一个二维结构。故选B。
【小题47】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. remember记住；B. confirm证实；C. draw画画；D. design设计。根据下文“help you remember information"可知，思维导图的格式很容易让你的大脑记住，remember是原词复现。故选A。
【小题48】考查名词词义辨析。句意：思维导图不仅能提高生产力和创造力，还能提高记忆力。A. confidence自信心；B. capacity能力；C. efficiency效率；D. creativity创造力。根据下文"Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement"以及常识可知，思维导图能提高生产力和创造力，还能提高记忆力。故选D。
【小题49】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：简单地说，就是将一个人的想法以一个中心思想开始的视觉图表的形式表达出来。A. vivid生动的；B. special特殊的；C. visual视觉的；D. normal正常的。根据下文“Put this idea in a bubble（气泡）in the middle of a page with lines radiating out to other bubbles that contain related themes or concepts. （将这个想法放在页面中间的气泡中，线条向包含相关主题或概念的其他气泡辐射。）"可知，思维导图是以视觉图表的形式表达出来的。故选C。
【小题50】考查名词词义辨析。句意：用单词、短语或图片来表达你的想法。A. images图像；形象；B. sentences句子；C. passages通道；章节；D. languages语言。根据下文“Studies have shown that this technique of using pictures，colors and visual arrangement has improved people's recall and memory of information by 10 to 15 percent. （研究表明，这种使用图片、颜色和视觉排列的技术使人们对信息的回忆和记忆提高了10%至15%。））"以及常识可知，思维导图是用单词、短语或图片来表达你的想法。故选A。
【小题41】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些关联通常会导致其他想法，这些想法可以在同一级别或适当的较小分支中添加。A. obvious明显的；B. appropriate合适的；C. meaningful有意义的； D. empty空的。根据空前“in smaller branches”可知，这些想法可以在同一级别或适当的较小分支中添加。故选B。
【小题42】考查名词词义辨析。句意：使用颜色编码的气泡可以直观地表示每个分支的联系。A. function功能；B. extension拓展；延申；C. connection联系；D. determination决心。根据下文"Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement，__ 13 people to make more links and associations on topics of any kind. ”可知，使用颜色编码的气泡可以直观地表示每个分支的联系。connection与是links and associations同义词复现。故选C。
【小题43】考查动词词义辨析。句意：空间的安排激发了创造力，使人们能够在任何类型的主题上建立更多的联系和联想。A. encouraging鼓励；B. enabling使能够；C. reminding提醒；D. informing告知。根据上文“Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement可知，空间的安排激发了创造力，从而使人们能够在任何类型的主题上建立更多的联系和联想，此处是现在分词作结果状语。故选B。
【小题44】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，它还提高了一个人的生产力，因为思维导图可以更容易地更快地学习，同时更有效地交流。A. Additionally此外；B. Sincerely真诚地；C. Briefly简要地；D. Generally通常。根据上文“Creativity is aroused because of the spatial arrangement"以及下文"it increases one's productivity”可知，此处应用additionally表示递进关系。故选A。
【小题45】考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以，无论你是负责一个项目还是写一篇研究论文，都要把这项技术作为你计划过程的核心部分！A. in love with爱上；B. in terms of就. . . . . . . 而言；C. in favour of赞成；D. in charge of负责。根据上文“You have to make a speech. You have done your research. ”可知，无论你是负责一个项目还是写一篇研究论文，都要把这项技术作为你计划过程的核心部分！故选D。
2023届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】41. A42. B43. D44. C45. C46. A47. C48. A49. B50. D51. C52. B53. A54. D55. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网上订餐的兴起和外卖公司面临的机遇和挑战。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在青少年和千禧一代中，在网上订餐已经成为一种已确立的习惯，就像在网上预订房间一样。A. established已确立的，确定的；B. cautious小心的，谨慎的；C. curious好奇的；D. annoying令人恼火的。根据句中“as...a habit as booking a room online”可知，网上订餐与网上预订房间一样，已经是一种确定的习惯。故选A项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从美国最大的外卖公司DoorDash的财务文件中，我们可以清楚地看到消费者对食物的着迷程度。A. aim-oriented目标导向的；B. addicted上瘾的，着迷的；C. excited激动的；D. well-informed消息灵通的；见多识广的。根据下文“From January to September that year, it booked orders worth $16 billion, up by 198% year on year.”可知，外卖公司的订单同比增长198%，说明消费者对食物非常着迷。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国大约70万家餐馆中的大多数现在都通过配送应用程序进行配送。A. collect收集；B. relay传递；C. forecast预测；D. distribute分发。根据句中“by means of a delivery app”可知，通过应用程序进行配送。故选D项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：现代生活使人们更加依赖于方便食品，因为越来越多的女性工作，每个人都缺乏时间。A. friendly to对……友好；B. experienced in在……方面有经验；C. short of缺乏；D. responsible for为……负责。根据句中“more women work”可推知，越来越多传统上负责准备食物的女性走向职场，所以大家时间都变得忙起来，都缺时间。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：20年前，当欧洲的Takeaway. com和美国的Grubhub将菜单放在网上时，餐馆进入了数字世界。A. outside外边的；B. right正确的；C. online在线的，网上的；D. free免费的。根据句中“Restaurants entered the digital world”可推知，Takeaway. com和Grubhub将菜单放到网上。故选C项。
【46题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，新的“第三方物流”公司，如DoorDash和Uber Eats，必须分担平均约30美元的账单，分三份。A. By contrast相比之下；B. For instance例如；C. To sum up总之；D. In turn反过来。上文讲传统的餐馆自己配送食物，与下文中新的第三方配送公司相比较，上下文有对比关系。故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦司机和餐馆拿走了他们的份额，就所剩无几了。A. edge边，边缘；B. role角色，作用；C. cut份额；D. price价格。根据上文“to share the bills, which average around $30, three ways”可知，收益要分成三份，司机、餐馆和第三方配送公司用各自的份额。故选C项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到最近，这些初创公司都没有赚钱，即使是在劳动力成本低得多的新兴市场。A. money钱；B. calls电话；C. complaints抱怨；D. movement移动。根据上文“Once drivers and restaurants take their 7 , not much is left.”可知，司机和餐馆拿走自己的份额后，剩下的就不多了，所以这些初创公司没有赚钱。故选A项。
【49题详解】
考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：由于缺乏明显的规模经济效益或进入壁垒，几家竞争对手通过向食客提供慷慨的折扣来争夺市场份额，并在此过程中造成亏损。A. trade贸易；B. generous慷慨的，大方的；C. mean吝啬的，小气的；D. cash现款。根据句中“fighting over market share”可推知，为了争夺市场份额，这些公司会给食客提供慷慨的折扣。故选B项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们还面临劳动力成本大幅增加的前景，因为加州通过了一项法律，要求公司将使用应用程序的员工视为正式员工。A. break打破；B. division分开；C. blow刮，吹；D. rise增加。根据句中“California passed a law that required companies to treat app-based workers as full employees”可推知，加州通过法律要求公司将使用应用程序的员工视为正式员工，所以公司成本会增加。故选D项。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这家美国公司的数据中有很多值得考虑的地方。A. Moreover 此外，而且；B. Therefore因此，所以；C. However然而，可是；D. Consequently因此，结果。上文提到这些初创公司都没有赚钱，而且公司成本将面临增加的可能，下文“the American firm’s numbers contained plenty to chew on. DoorDash is generating cash and is profitable on an adjusted basis.”却说美国公司DoorDash在调整后实现盈利，上下文有转折关系。故选C项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它甚至开始向其他公司运送食品杂货和便利店商品，并向其他公司提供“最后一英里送货服务”。A. advertising广告活动；B. delivery递送，投递；C. insurance保险；D. productivity生产率，生产力。根据句中“It has even started delivering groceries and convenience-store items”可推知，公司提供的是送货服务。故选B项。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他事实则难以接受。A. harder更难的；B. quicker更快；C. easier更简单；D. slower较慢的。根据下文“DoorDash warns that growth will slow as more people are going back to work after the virus declined.”描述了公司可能面临的困难，所以难以接受。故选A项。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多受益于封锁和消费者自我隔离的上市数字公司的股价在有效疫苗的消息发布后下跌。A. doubled加倍；B. last持续，持久；C. mounted爬上；D. fell降落，落下。根据句中“digital firms that benefited from lockdowns and self-isolating consumers”可知，这些公司受益于与疫情相关的封锁和消费者自我隔离，所以“有效疫苗的消息”发布后，这些公司股票会下跌。故选D项。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管批评人士在加州失败了，招临工的公司将继续面临利用员工的指控。A. taking advantage of利用；B. going along with陪……一起去；C. looking out for留心，提防；D. putting up with忍受，容忍。根据句中“critics”和“accusations”可知，招临工的公司遭到批评和指控，是因为它们利用员工。故选A项。
2023届上海市崇明区高三下学期二模英语试卷
【答案】21. D22. A23. B24. D25. A26. C27. A28. B29. C30. D31. B32. C33. A34. D35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，含糖饮料甚至纯果汁可能会增加你患某些癌症的风险。这项研究无法证明因果关系，但它发现，每天喝90-120毫升含糖饮料与患癌症的整体风险增加18%有关。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但新的研究表明，含糖饮料甚至纯果汁可能会增加你患某些癌症的风险。A. iced加冰的；B. mineral矿物的；C. bottled瓶装的；D. sweetened有甜味的。呼应后文“90-120ml of sugary drinks”指含糖的甜饮料。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究无法证明因果关系，但它发现，每天喝90-120毫升含糖饮料与患癌症的整体风险增加18%有关。A. tied系；B. devoted奉献；C. reduced减少；D. limited限制。根据后文“to an 18% rise in overall risk for cancer”指每天喝90-120毫升含糖饮料与患癌症的整体风险增加18%有关，为短语be tied to表示“有关系”。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的团队收集了超过10万名平均年龄为42岁的法国男性和女性的数据，他们参加了一项全国性的研究。A. game游戏；B. study研究；C. ceremony仪式；D. examination考试。此处呼应上文“The new study”指全国性研究。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：参与者回答了关于他们每天食用3300种不同食物和饮料数量的问题，并被跟踪调查了长达9年。A. checked检查；B. caged关入笼里；C. occupied占据；D. followed跟随。根据后文“for up to nine years”可知，参与者被进行了跟踪调查。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：该研究揭示了含糖饮料的摄入与一般癌症风险，特别是乳腺癌风险之间的联系。A. in general通常；B. without exception没有例外；C. on the contrary相反；D. by accident偶然。后文“and for breast cancer specifically”提到了特别是乳腺癌，可知本句是在说明一般癌症风险。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员没有发现含糖饮料与前列腺癌或结肠癌之间的联系，但作者强调，研究中患这些癌症的人太少，这使得这一发现具有权威性。A. unreliable不可靠的；B. unexpected意外的；C. authoritative权威的；D. original起初的。根据上文“but the authors stressed that too few people in the study developed these cancers to make this finding”可知，作者强调，研究中患这些癌症的人太少，这使得这一发现具有权威性。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该研究没有发现无糖汽水和癌症之间的联系，尽管需要更多的研究来证实这一点，作者指出。A. uncovered揭开，发现；B. anticipated预期；C. established建立；D. hid隐藏。根据后文“ although more study is needed to confirm that, the authors noted”可知，该研究没有发现无糖汽水和癌症之间的联系。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员说，即使研究小组调整了年龄、性别、教育水平、癌症家族史、吸烟和体育活动等因素，含糖饮料和癌症之间的联系仍然保持不变。A. hunted打猎；B. adjusted调整；C. prepared准备；D. mounted安装。根据后文“for age, sex, educational level, family history of cancer, smoking and physical activity”可知，即使研究小组调整了年龄、性别、教育水平、癌症家族史、吸烟和体育活动等因素，含糖饮料和癌症之间的联系仍然保持不变。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，为什么会有这种联系呢？A. research研究；B. similarity相似性；C. connection联系；D. impact影响。呼应上文“The connection between sugary drinks and cancer”指含糖饮料和癌症之间的联系。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：据图维耶的研究小组称，高热量饮料可能会增加患癌症的风险，因为糖有助于身体脂肪的生成，此外还会提高血糖水平和炎症，这些都是患癌症的风险因素。A. behaviors行为；B. assessments评估；C. perceptions认知；D. factors因素。根据上文“high-calorie drinks may raise cancer risk because sugar helps build body fat, in addition to raising blood sugar levels and inflammation”可知，高热量饮料可能会增加患癌症的风险，因为糖有助于身体脂肪的生成，此外还会提高血糖水平和炎症，这些都是患癌症的风险因素。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员推断，这些饮料中发现的化学物质可能会增加患癌症的风险。A. explaining解释；B. increasing增加；C. preventing阻止；D. predicting预测。根据上文“chemicals found in these drinks”可知，这些饮料指的是上文提到的含糖高的饮料，所以其中发现的化学物质可能会增加患癌症的风险。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，一个代表饮料行业的组织表示，含糖饮料仍然可以成为普通饮食的一部分。A. local当地的；B. nutritional营养的；C. average平均的，普通的；D. conventional传统的。后文提到所有的饮料——无论是含糖的还是不含糖的——都是安全的，可以作为均衡饮食的一部分饮用，说明含糖饮料仍然可以成为普通饮食的一部分。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：重要的是，人们要知道，所有的饮料——无论是含糖的还是不含糖的——都是安全的，可以作为均衡饮食的一部分饮用。A. safe安全的；B. impossible不可能的；C. exceptional卓越的；D. effective有效的。根据后文“as part of a balanced diet”可知，可以作为均衡饮食的一部分饮用说明是安全的。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国领先的饮料公司正在共同努力，通过提供更多的低糖或零糖选择，更小的包装尺寸和明确的卡路里信息，支持消费者减少从我们的饮料中摄入的糖的努力。A. neutralize抵消；B. digest消化；C. remove去除；D. reduce减少。根据后文“by providing more choices with less sugar or zero sugar, smaller package sizes and clear calorie information right up front”可知，提供更多的低糖或零糖选择，更小的包装尺寸和明确的卡路里信息，是为了支持消费者减少从饮料中摄入的糖的努力。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说，她对这些发现并不感到惊讶。A. annoyed生气的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. delighted高兴的。根据后文“She noted that, for decades, these drinks have been linked with diseases such as heart disease. On the other hand, “most of us should be drinking more water than we do, ” Heller said. (她指出，几十年来，这些饮料一直与心脏病等疾病有关。另一方面，“我们大多数人应该比现在喝更多的水，”海勒说)”可知，她对这些发现并不感到惊讶。故选B。
2023届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试卷
41. B 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. B 47. D
48. A 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了影响食物摄入量的因素以及饮食策略。
【小题41】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，是什么决定了你摄入的食物量？A. quality质量；B. amount数量；C. nutrient营养物质；D. variety类别。根据第3空所在的“In recent years，a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake （摄入）are influenced by a large number of factors besides our___3______need for energy. "可知，此处讨论的是事物的摄入量，故选B项。
【小题42】考查名词词义辨析。句意：饥饿是关键因素的传统观念是可以挑战的。A. deliciousness美味；B. hunger饥饿；C. nutrition营养；D. flavor味道。根据前文的“You may not be right if your answer is the degree of hunger. ”（如果你的答案是饥饿的程度，那么你可能是不对的）可知，传统的观念认为饥饿是影响食物摄入量的关键因素，故选B项。
【小题43】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：近年来，越来越多的研究表明，我们的食欲和食物摄入量除了我们对能量的生理需求
外，还受到许多因素的影响。A. occasional偶然的；B. potential潜在的；C. external外部的；D. biological生理的。此处的需求指的是饥饿，这是人的一种生理需求，故选D项。
【小题44】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一些因素包括我们的饮食环境和我们对面前食物的感知。A. environment环境；B. content内容；C. time时间；D. ability能力。根据第5空的"Studies have shown that 5eating，for instance，eating while watching TV，or a similar distraction， can increase both hunger and food consumption. ”（研究表明，饮食，例如，边看电视边吃，或类似的分心行为，会增加饥饿感和食物消耗。）可知，此处指的是饮食环境会影响食物摄入量，故选A项。
【小题45】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，不集中注意力的饮食，例如，边看电视边吃，或类似的分心行为，会增加饥饿感和食物消耗。A. habitual习惯的；B. purposeful故意的；C. unfocused心不在焉的；D. absorbed全神贯注的。根据“eating while watching TV"可知，此处指的是不集中注意力地吃饭，故选C项.
【小题46】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是简单的视觉线索，如盘子大小和照明，也被证明会影响消费。A. optional选择的；B. visual视觉的；C. hidden隐藏的；D. flexible灵活的。根据“like plate size and lighting”可知，这些指的是视觉影响，故选B 项。
【小题47】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项新的研究表明，我们的短期记忆也可能在食欲中发挥作用。A. vacancy空缺；B. hunger饥饿；C. supply供给；D. memory记忆。根据第8空的“how much they remembered eating"可知，此处指的是短期记忆的影响，故选D项。
【小题48】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：饭后几个小时，人们的饥饿程度不是通过他们吃了多少来预测的，而是通过他们已经看到面前有多少食物来预测的——换句话说，就是他们记得吃了多少。A. in other words换句话说；B. as a whole作为整体；C. by all means千方百计；D. all in all总而言之。根据句意可知，后半句是对前句的解释说明，“换句话说”，故选A项
【小题49】考查名词词义辨析。句意：布里斯托尔大学实验心理学教授杰弗里M布伦斯特罗姆说，这种差异表明，记起上一顿饭对我们的食欲的影响可能比实际饭量更大。A. motive动机；B. growth成长；C. appetite胃口；D. health健康。本文主要谈论对饭量，即胃口的影响因素，故选C项。
【小题50】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些发现与早期的研究一致，早期的研究表明，我们对食物的感知有时会欺骗我们身体对食物本身的反应。A. advocate倡议；B. trick欺骗；C. justify为. . . . . 辩解、说明；D. enhance巩固。根据后文的"people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones "可知，此处指的是我们对事物的感知带来的欺骗性，故选B项。
【小题51】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，在2011年的一项研究中，在两个不同的场合喝同一杯380卡路里的奶昔的人产生了不同水平的饥饿相关激素，这取决于奶昔的标签上说它含有620卡路里还是140卡路里。A. identical同样的；B. alternative可供选择的；C. dependent依赖的；D. separate分隔的。根据语境可知，这是一个对比实验，在不同的场合喝同样的食物，符合实验逻辑，故选D项。
【小题52】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. label标签；B. function功能；C. usage用途；D. material材料。根据常识可知，食物的卡路里数量一般标记在标签上，故选A项。
【小题53】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，参与者报告说，当他们认为自己摄入了更高热量的奶昔时，会感到更饱。A wiser更明智的；B. healthier更健康的；C. happier更开心的；D. fuller更饱的。根据前文提到欺骗性可知，当参与者认为自己吃了更高热量的食物时，会觉得更饱，这正是欺骗性的一种体现，故选D项.
【小题54】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所谓的正念饮食策略可以在我们吃饭时对抗分心。A. distress忧虑、悲伤；B. waste废物；C. distraction分散注意力；D. fullness饱。根据前文提到的不集中注意力的饮食会增加饮食消耗可知，我们需要对抗这种饮食中的分心来控制食物摄入量，故选C项。
【小题55】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过使用注意饮食的技巧，你有机会通过变得更加自我意识和适应身体的饥饿提示来改变你目前的饮食习惯。A. employing雇佣，运用；B. perceiving感知；C. clarifying澄清；D. assuming假定。根据“mindful eating techniques"可知，此处指的是采用正念饮食策略，故选A项。
2023届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试卷
41-55 CBDAC BDBCA DBADC
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了光污染对鸟类以及夜间习性动物的影响，以及作者提出了可能的解决方法。
【小题41】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一景象几乎足以让我这个不信教的人在布满星星的天空中说出一个感恩词。A. honour 荣誉；B. gratitude感恩；C. optimism乐观主义；D. determination决心。根据后文“Birds do not migrate____9____and even they forget to sing. Modern advancements such as LED lights could significantly reduce some of the worst impacts, but they have not. At least, not yet"以及"It is worth mentioning that middle-aged writer like Eklof can____10____for a darker world——for darkened campuses and unlit parking lots. "可知作者的感恩是出于对Johan Eklof，也就是《黑暗宣言》的作者。故选B项。
【小题42】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名蝙蝠科学家，埃克洛夫对蝙蝠的研究需要一种特殊的黑暗一纯粹的那种不受光污染的黑暗。A. artificial人工的；B. brilliant灿烂的；C. faint微弱的；D. absolute完全的。根据后文“unpolluted by light”可知埃克洛夫的研究需要的是完全没有光污染的黑暗。故选D项。
【小题43】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这类黑暗受到了威胁。A. achieved获得；B. distracted分心；C. enhanced增强；D. threatened威胁。根据后文"Because the churches are all5like carnivals（嘉年华）in the night. "可知这种类型的光减少了很多，收到了威胁。故选D项。
【小题44】考查动词短语辨析。句意：四十年后的今天，我和同事们所做的研究表明，由于光污染和其他因素导致了这个数字已经减少了三分之一。A. resulting from由……引起；B. bringing about导致；C. judging by从……判断；D. contributing to为……作出贡献。根据后文的“Because the churches are all 5 like camivals（嘉年华）in the night"可知光污染和其他因素导致他的研究减少了。故选A项。
【小题45】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为在晚上教堂都装饰地像嘉年华一样。A. decorated装饰；B. restored恢复；C. lit点亮；D. faded褪色。根据后文的“We are surrounding ourselves with light. ”可知教堂用灯光装饰了。故选C项。
【小题46】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过量的光线对夜间活动的动物所居住的复杂生态系统具有难以置信的破坏性。A. effective有效的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. positive积极的；D. destructive破坏性的。根据后文的“It_____7_____away the bats that Eklof studies. It frightens light-sensitive moths”可知过量的光线是有破坏性的。故选D项。
【小题47】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它把埃克洛夫研究的编幅吓跑了。A. scares吓到，使……害怕；B. blows打击；C. pulls 拉；D. turns转动。根据前文的“Excess light is destructive to the complex eco-systems nocturnal （夜间活动的T） animals inhabit. ”可知蝙蝠吓跑了。故选A项。
【小题48】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它吓坏了对光敏感的蛾类，使它们很容易被捕食或者无休止地飞向永远不会回报他们爱的光芒。A. accustomed习惯的；B. subject可能受. . . . . . 影响的；C. available可用的；D. restricted受限制的。根据后文“or flying endlessly into lights that will never return their love"可知灯光影响了蛾类。故选B项。
【小题49】考查介词短语辨析。句意：乌类不准时迁徙，甚至它们也忘了唱歌。A. on duty值班；B. in turn依次；C. on time准时；D. in public当众。根据常识可知鸟儿迁徙每年几乎是同一个时间。故选C项。
【小题50】考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得一提的是，像埃克洛夫这样的中年作家支持一个更黑暗的世界—黑暗的校园和没有灯光的停车场。A. stimulate刺激；B. advocate辩护，支持；C. negotiate协商；D. account认为是，视为。根据后文“We need to address the social issues that make lighted places so 11 in the first place. ”可知克洛夫支持“黑暗世界”。故选B项。
【小题51】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们需要首先解决那些使照明场所如此吸引人的社会问题。A. challenging挑战性的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. demanding要求高的；D. outstanding优秀的。根据前文“Baby turtles crawl away from the shoreline toward the lights of instant coastalcitis and reef fishegs go unhatched. Birds do not migrate and even they forget to sing. "可知这些灯光对动物和昆虫们太有吸引力。故选B项。
【小题52】考查动词词义辨析。句意：光污染的一些解决方案一运动检测灯、不向上反光的屏蔽灯、波长与自然光相似的人造光都已经在我们的掌握范围内了。A. absorb吸收；B. stretch拉伸；C. transform变换；D. reflect反映，反射。根据后文“light upward"可知此处指的是灯光向上反射。故选D项。
【小题53】考查动词短语辨析。句意：光污染的一些解决方案一运动检测灯、不向上反射光的屏蔽灯、波长与自然光相似的人造光—如果我们能找到的话，它们已经在我们的掌握范围内了。A. reach for伸手去够；B. apply to适用于；C. long for渴望；D. adapt to适应。根据前文“are already within our grasp”可知此处表示在我们可掌控范围内。故选A项。
【小题54】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此找到一条中间道路至关重要。A. Therefore因此；B. Furthermore此外；C. However然而；D. Instead相反。根据前文“We could just turn it all off， but I guess we don't want to"可知此处表示一种结果。故选A项。
【小题55】考查副词词义辨析。句意：50年后，每个城市都可以配备一系列程序化、环保的低冲击LED灯。A fundamentally基本上地；B. scientifically科学地；C. environmentally环境地，环保地；D. economically经济地，实惠地。根据后文“low-impact LED lights”,可知是环保的LED灯。故选C项。