2023届上海市部分区高三英语二模试题分类汇编：选词填空（含答案）

2023届上海市部分区高三英语二模试题分类汇编
选词填空
2023届上海市嘉定区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section B (10分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. conventional B. tolerable C. layer D. stranded E. pile F. insightful G. difference H. placed I. hazards J. anchor K. rays
Inspired by Arctic Life
Polar bears are warm-blooded animals with heavy fat and fur that can survive in freezing Arctic temperatures. A team of students from the Royal Danish Academy, inspired by polar bears, designed a pop-upigloo (弹出式冰屋)—an emergency tent that might make survival in sub-zero areas much more ___11___.
Led by Henry Glogau, the team said that their design can help those lost or ___12___ in extreme conditions. With little visibility and no phone coverage, people may face severe ___13___ while waiting for rescue in cold polar areas. Rather than fight against the extreme conditions, the team looked to use them to its advantage. “Inspired by snow caves and the ___14___ winter-used tents, we treat snow as a building material rather than a burden,” the team told Vigour Times website.
The pop-up igloo adopts a mylar (聚酯薄膜) material, which works similarly to polar bears’ skin. Besides their thick fat and fur, polar bears have black skin underneath, which is ideal for absorbing ___15___ from the Arctic sun. In the same way, the mylar material reflects heat into the area within the tent to keep people feeling comfortable. The pop-up igloo also features an origami-like (像折纸的) design, which helps to trap the snow and ___16___ the tent. The origami pockets create areas where snow can ___17___ up on the outside. It prevents heat from escaping from the tent, while holding the tent to the ground. This adds another protective ___18___to everything inside.
To check its capabilities and limits, the team put the design through intensive testing for one month in Alaska. The analysis indicates that an average 37°C ___19___ in temperature between indoors and outdoors could be maintained. In the future, the pop-up igloos could be ____20____ along hiking routes in cold areas like the Arctic, where they could be set up in seconds when needed.
2023届上海市金山区高考二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. breakthroughs B. core C. driver D. empower E. fully F. increasingly G. mounting H. potential I. promoting J. seeks K. serves
Companies Help Integrate (整合) Digital Real Economies
Chinese platform companies are doubling down on the most advanced digital technologies to seek new drivers in revenue (财政收入) growth, as the country puts greater emphasis on ____31____ the in-depth integration of the digital and real economies, experts and company executives said.
Despite the depressing global outlook and _____32_____ uncertainties, China’s platform economy is playing a(n) ____33____ vital role in boosting technological innovation and high-quality development.
During an earnings conference with investors on Thursday, Zhang Yong, chairman and CEO of Alibaba Group, said that cloud computing is one of the company’s ____34____ strategies for the future, and Alibaba Cloud is also the foundation through which the company ____35____ the real economy and drives the integration of the digital and real economies.
Noting that this is a critical period for technological ____36____ and development in cloud computing and AI, Zhang said he believed in the vast _____37_____ of industrial digitalization and the role of cloud computing as the focus of the digital economy.
Revenue in the cloud business, Alibaba’s main growth _____38_____ besides e-commerce, reached 20.18 billion yuan during the October-December period, an increase of 3% year-on-year, mainly driven by public cloud growth.
The company is making efforts to make use of digital technologies to help small and medium-sized enterprises and speed up industrial transformation (工业转型) in an effort to _____39_____ the real economy.
The tone-setting Central Economic Work Conference in mid-December said that platform companies will be supported to “____40____ display their capabilities” in encouraging economic growth, job creation and international competition. The conference also emphasized the need to energetically develop the digital economy.
2023届上海市松江区高三下学期二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. abusive B. bounds C. descriptions D. dramatic E. emerges F. essentially G. fantastic H. promises I. settings J. trust K. unusually
Are You Scared of AI
A recent Monmouth University survey has found that only 9 percent of Americans believe that computers with artificial intelligence will do more good than harm to society. When the same survey was conducted 35 years ago, about one in five said AI would benefit mankind. In other words, people have less complete ___31___ in AI now than they did dozens of years ago, when the technology was more science fiction than reality.
“It’s ___32___ that there is public doubt about AI. There absolutely should be,” said Meredith Broussard, an artificial intelligence researcher and professor at New York University. Most Americans ___33___ agree with Broussard that AI has a place in our lives, but not for everything.
When asked questions about ___34___ in which AI might be used, most people said it was a bad idea to use AI for military aircraft that try to distinguish between enemies and civilians. Some are worried about the ___35___ use of AI in policing, disturbing people’s privacy. Most respondents said it was a good idea for machines to perform risky jobs such as coal mining.
The term “AI” is a catch-all for everything. It can be the constant use of technology, such as our daily preference to autocomplete in web search queries (关键词). It can also be the software that ___36___ to predict crime before it happens. People afraid of AI may be influenced by ___37___ of evil computers from books and movies — like Skynet, the super-intelligent machines in “The Terminator” movies. Broussard said the ways AI can end up destroying your quality of life won’t be as ___38___ as murderous fictional computers.
Actually, the fear of AI ___39___ due to the fact that we just don’t know where AI is going and how soon it will take us to get there. Technology makes surprising and unusual leaps and ____40____ in ways we never think it will. Anyway, whether we like it or not, artificial intelligence is here to stay.
2023届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need．
A．absence B．double C．extended D．functions E．fund F．outpaced
G．prospects H．record I．shifted J．steady K．upward
Japan births fall to record low as population crisis deepens
Japan saw 799,728 births in 2022, the lowest number on record．That number has nearly halved in the past 40 years; by contrast, Japan recorded more than 1.5 million births in 1982. Japan also reported a (n)__31__high for post-war deaths last year, at more than 1.58 million. Deaths have__32__births in Japan for more than a decade, posing a growing problem for leaders of the world’s third-largest economy. They now face a ballooning elderly population, along with a shrinking workforce to__33__pensions and health care as demand from the aging population increased．
Japan’ population has been in__34__decline since its economic boom of the 1980s and stood at 125.5 million in 2021. Its death rate of 1.3 is far below the rate of 2.1 required to maintain a stable population, in the__35__of immigration.
The country also has one of the highest life expectancies in the world ; in 2020, nearly one in 1,500 people in Japan were aged 100 or older. These concerning trends resulted in a warning from Prime minister that Japan is “on the edge of not being able to maintain social__36__” and Japan “simply cannot wait any longer” in solving the problem of its low birth rate. A new government agency will be set up to focus on the issue, with Prime Minister saying that he wants the government to __37__ its spending on child-related programs.
But money alone might not be able to solve the complex problem, with various social factors contributing to the low birth rate．Japan’s high cost of living, limited space and lack of child care support in cities make it difficult to raise children, meaning fewer couples are having kids. Urban couples are also often far from __38__family in other regions,who could help provide support. In 2022, Japan was ranked one of the world’s most expensive places to raise a child．And yet, the country’s economy has slowed down since the early 1990s, meaning frustratingly low ages and little__39__mobility.
The average real annual household income declined from $50,600 in 1995 to $43, 300 in 2020. Attitude toward marriage and starting families have also __40__ in recent years, with more couples putting off both during the pandemic．
2023届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. heading B. incredibly C. adaptable D. alternative E. pursuit F. dumped
G. recycled H. global I. calculated J. precisely K. generated
Planet Plastic
Here’s a shocking statistic. Scientists have calculated the total amount of plastic ever made: 8. 3 billion tonnes. Looked at another way, that’s as heavy as 25, 000 Empire State Buildings or one billion elephants. And __31__, almost all of it has been made in the last 65 years.
So what’s the problem Much plastic is in the form of packaging which is used just once and then thrown away. According to a major new study from the University of California, 9% of this is __32__, 12% is burned and 79% goes to landfill. And because most plastic doesn’t biodegrade (生物降解), once it’s in the ground, it stays there.
It’s a situation that has led the paper’s lead author, ecologist Dr. Roland Geyer, to say that we are “rapidly __33__ towards ‘Planet Plastic’”. He believes that there’s already enough waste out there to cover the whole of Argentina.
The team behind this report also estimate that eight million tonnes of plastic waste are __34__ into the sea every year. This has __35__ concern that plastic is entering the food chain through fish and other sea life which consume the smaller pieces.
Of course, the reason why there’s so much plastic around is that it’s an amazingly useful material. We can’t get enough of it. It’s durable and __36__, and is used for everything from yoghurt pots to spaceships. But it’s __37__ this quality that makes it a problem. The only way to destroy plastic is to heat or burn it — although this has the side effect of harmful emissions.
So what’s the __38__ other than using less plastic Oceanographer (海洋学家) Dr. Erik van Sebille from Utrecht University says we’re facing a flood of plastic waste, and that the __39__ waste industry needs to “get its act together”.
Professor Richard Thompson, a marine biologist from Plymouth University, says it’s poor design that is at fault. He says that if products are currently designed “with recyclability in mind”, they could be recycled around 20 times over.
Dr. Geyer agrees: “The __40__ of recycling is to keep material in use and in the cycle forever if you can. But it turns out in our study that actually 90% of that material that did get recycled — which I think we calculated was 600 million tonnes — only got recycled once. ”
答案：
2023届上海市嘉定区高三下学期二模英语试卷
【答案】11. B12. D
13. I14. A
15. K16. J
17. E18. C
19. G20. H
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介丹麦皇家学院的一组学生受到北极熊的启发，设计了一个弹出式冰屋，这是一种应急帐篷，可以让人们在零度以下的地区生存得更容易。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：丹麦皇家学院的一组学生受到北极熊的启发，设计了一个弹出式冰屋，这是一种应急帐篷，可以让人们在零度以下的地区生存得更容易。结合句意表示“更容易”可知应填形容词tolerable，作宾补。故填tolerable。故选B。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：由Henry Glogau领导的团队表示，他们的设计可以帮助那些在极端条件下迷路或被困的人。结合句意表示“困住”可知应填动词strand，与those构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填stranded。故选D。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：在寒冷的极地地区，能见度低，没有电话信号，人们在等待救援时可能会面临严重的危险。结合句意表示“危险”可知应填名词hazard，前文没有冠词故用复数形式。故填hazards。故选I。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：该团队在接受《活力时报》网站采访时表示：“受雪洞和传统冬季帐篷的启发，我们把雪当作建筑材料，而不是负担。”结合句意表示“传统”可知应填形容词conventional，作定语。故填conventional。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：除了厚厚的脂肪和皮毛，北极熊的皮下还有黑色的皮肤，这是吸收北极阳光的理想条件。结合句意表示“阳光”可知应填名词ray，前文没有冠词故用复数形式。故填rays。故选K。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：弹出式冰屋还具有折纸般的设计，有助于留住雪并固定帐篷。结合句意表示“固定”可知应填动词anchor，且为短语help to do sth.。故填anchor。故选J。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：折纸袋在外面创造了可以堆积雪的区域。结合句意表示“堆积”可知应填动词pile，can后跟动词原形。故填pile。故选E。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：这给里面的东西又增加了一层保护层。结合句意表示“层”可知应填名词layer，another后跟单数名词。故填layer。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：分析表明，室内与室外的平均温差可维持在37℃。结合句意表示“温差”可知应填名词difference，作主语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填difference。故选G。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：在未来，弹出式冰屋可以被放置在像北极这样寒冷地区的徒步旅行路线上，在需要的时候，它们可以在几秒钟内设置好。结合句意表示“放置”可知应填动词place，与主语构成被动关系。故填placed。故选H。
2023届上海市金山区高考二模英语试题
【答案】31. I32. G
33. F34. B
35. K36. A
37. H38. C
39. D40. E
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的数字实体经济发展情况。
【31题详解】
考查动名词。句意：专家和公司高管表示，随着中国更加重视促进数字经济和实体经济的深度融合，中国平台公司正在加倍投入最先进的数字技术，以寻求收入增长的新动力。设空处应填promoting，意为“促进；提升”，为动名词，作介词on的宾语。故选I项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：尽管全球经济前景黯淡，不确定性增加，但中国的平台经济在推动科技创新和高质量发展方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。设空处应用形容词mounting，意为“增长的，上升的”，作前置定语，修饰名词uncertainties，故选G项。
【33题详解】
考查副词。句意：尽管全球经济前景黯淡，不确定性增加，但中国的平台经济在推动科技创新和高质量发展方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。设空处应用副词increasingly，意为“越来越多地，不断增加地”，修饰形容词vital，作状语。故选F项。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：在周四与投资者举行的财报发布会上，阿里巴巴集团董事长兼首席执行官张勇表示，云计算是公司未来的核心战略之一，阿里云也是公司服务实体经济、推动数字经济和实体经济融合的基础。设空处应用名词core，意为“核心”，修饰名词strategies，作前置定语。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在周四与投资者举行的财报发布会上，阿里巴巴集团董事长兼首席执行官张勇表示，云计算是公司未来的核心战略之一，阿里云也是公司服务实体经济、推动数字经济和实体经济融合的基础。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，从句中foundation为先行词，后接through which引导的限制性定语从句，主语为the company，为第三人称单数，设空处应用serves，意为“服务”，作谓语动词。故选K项。
【36题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：张勇指出，这是云计算和人工智能技术突破和发展的关键时期，他相信工业数字化的巨大潜力，以及云计算作为数字经济焦点的作用。设空处应用名词复数 breakthroughs，意为“突破”，与名词development并列，作for的宾语。故选A项。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：张勇指出，这是云计算和人工智能技术突破和发展的关键时期，他相信工业数字化的巨大潜力，以及云计算作为数字经济焦点的作用。设空处应用名词potential，意为“潜力” ，作believed in的宾语。故选H项。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：云业务是阿里巴巴除电子商务之外的主要增长动力，在10月至12月期间，其收入达到了201.8亿元，同比增长3%，主要是受公共云增长的推动。设空处应用名词driver，意为“推动力”，作主语。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：该公司正在努力利用数字技术帮助中小企业，并加快工业转型，努力为实体经济赋能。设空处应选动词empower，意为“给予（某人）权力，使自主” ，后接宾语the real economy，故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：12月中旬召开的中央经济工作会议表示，将支持平台公司在鼓励经济增长、创造就业和国际竞争方面“充分发挥能力”。设空处应用副词fully，意为“充分地，完全地”，修饰动词短语display their capabilitie，作状语。故选E项。
2023届上海市松江区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】31. J32. G
33. F34. I
35. A36. H
37. C38. D
39. E40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍是人们对人工智能的最新认识以及产生对人工智能恐惧的原因。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：换句话说，现在人们对人工智能的完全信任不如几十年前，当时这种技术更像是科幻小说而不是现实。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“信任”为trust，且空前有less修饰，所以此处为不可数名词。故选J项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“公众对人工智能存在怀疑，这是一件了不起的事情。绝对应该有，”纽约大学人工智能研究员、教授梅雷迪思·布鲁萨德（Meredith Broussard）说。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作表语，结合句意可知，表示“了不起的”应为fantastic。故选G项
【33题详解】
考查副词。句意：大多数美国人基本上同意布鲁萨德的观点，即人工智能在我们的生活中占有一席之地，但并不是所有的事情都要人工智能。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语，修饰动词短语agree with，结合句意可知，此处表示“基本上”应为essentially。故选F项。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：当被问及人工智能可能被使用的场景时，大多数人表示，在试图区分敌人和平民的军用飞机上使用人工智能是一个坏主意。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“场景”应为setting，且为可数名词，结合句意可知，人工是能使用的场景不只是一个，所以此处应用名词复数，所以填settings。故选I项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一些人担心在警务中滥用人工智能，侵犯人们的隐私。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词，结合句意可知，此处表示“滥用的”应为abusive。故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：它也可以是承诺在犯罪发生前预测犯罪的软件。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“承诺”为promise，根据从句中的谓语动词happens可知，此处使用一般现在时态，句子主语“the software”为第三人称单数，且与promise之间为主动关系，所以此处应填promises。故选H项
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：人们对人工智能的恐惧可能是受到书籍和电影中对邪恶计算机的描述的影响，比如“终结者”电影中的超级智能机器“天网”。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“描述”为description，且此处表示的是“受到书籍和电影中对邪恶计算机的”描述，描述的内容不只是一点，所以此处应为复数形式为descriptions。故选C项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：布鲁萨德表示，人工智能最终摧毁你生活质量的方式不会像凶残的虚构电脑那样引人注目。分析句子结构可知，此处为“as+形容词原级+as”结构，其中形容词作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示“引人注目的”为dramatic。故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：事实上，对人工智能的恐惧之所以出现，是因为我们不知道人工智能的发展方向，也不知道我们多久能到达那里。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“出现”为emerge，根据从句的谓语动词don’t know并结合句意可知，此处描述的为客观事实，所以应使用一般现在时态，且句子主语the fear为第三人称单数，emerge为不及物动词，表示主动意义，所以应为emerges。故选E项。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：科技以我们从未想过的方式实现了令人惊讶和不同寻常的飞跃。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，且与leaps并列，结合句意可知，此处表示“跳跃”为bound，为可数名词与leaps并列，所以此处应为复数形式。故选B项。
2023届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题
31-35 HFEJA 36-40 DBCKI
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着人口危机的加深，日本的出生率降至历史最低。文章说明了出生率低，死亡率高对日本社会的影响。
【小题31】考查名词。句意：日本还报告说，去年创下战后死亡人数记录历史新高，超过158万人。结合句意表示“记录”应填名词record，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填record。故选H。
【小题32】考查动词。句意：10多年来，日本的死亡人数一直超过出生人数，给这个世界第三大经济体的领导人带来了一个日益严重的问题。结合句意表示“超过”应填动词outpace，作谓语，结合上文have可知为现在完成时，故填outpaced。故选F。
【小题33】考查动词。句意：他们即在面临着不断隐账的老年人口，随着老龄化人口需求的增加，为善老全和医疗保健提供资金的劳动力也在减少。结合句意表示“提供资金”应填动词fund，此处to为不定式符号，应填原形。故填fund，故选E。
【小题34】考查形容词。句意：自20世纪80年代经济繁荣以来，日本人口一直在稳步下降，2021年为1. 255亿。结合句意表示“稳步"应填形容词steady，作定语修饰decline。故填steady。故选J。
【小题35】考查名词。句意：它的死亡率为1. 3，远远低于在没有移民的情况下维持人口稳定所需的2.1。结合句意表示“没有，缺乏"应填名词absence，作宾语。故填absence。故选A。
【小题26】考查名词。句意：这些令人担忧的趋势导致首相警告说，日本"处于无法维持社会功能的边缘"，日本在解决低出牛率
问题方面“不能再等待了”。结合何意表示“功能”应填名词function，前文没有冠词表示数量大于一应用复数。故道functions，故选D。
【小题27】考查动词。句意：一个新的政府机构将被设立来关注这个问题，首相说他希望政府在儿童相关项目上的支出增加一倍。结合句意表示“翻倍”应填动词double，且为短语want. . . to do sth. 。故填double，故选B。
【小题28】考查形容词。句意：城市夫妇往往远离其他地区的大家庭，他们可以帮助提供支持。结合句意表示“大家庭”应填形容词extended，构成extended family。作定语。故填extended。故选C。
【小题29】考查形容词。句意：然而，自20世纪90年代初以来，这个国家的经济已经放缓，这意味着令人沮丧的低年龄和几乎没有向上流动的机会。结合句意表示“向上”应填形容词upward，作定语，故填upward，故选K，
【小题30】考查时态。句意：近年来，人们对婚姻和组建家庭的态度也发生了变化，越来越多的夫妇在疫情期间推迟了这两项计划。结合句意表示"变化"应填动词shift，结合上文have可知为现在完成时。故填shifted。故选I。
2023届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷
31-40: BGAFK CJDHE
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了在过去的几十年里，我们赖以生存的地球已经成为了一个塑料星球，作者也呼吁大家要保护地球，少用塑料和尽量多回收利用塑料产品。
【小题31】考查副词。句意：令人难以置信的是，几乎所有这些都是在过去65年里制造出来的。分析句子成分，去掉空处并不影响句子，故空处需要填一个副词；结合上下文，83亿吨的塑料垃圾竟然是在65年内制造出来的，这个结果是令人难以置信的，故需要填incredibly。故选B项。
【小题32】考查形容词动词。句意：根据加州大学的一项重要的新研究，其中9%被回收，12%被焚烧，79%被填埋。空前有be 动词is，故空处需要填形容词作表语或动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态。结合句意，可填recycled表示“回收利用的”为形容词，也可以理解为过去分词形式，和is构成一般现在时的被动，表“被回收”，符合题干和句意。故选G项。
【小题33】考查动词。句意：这一情况使得该论文的主要作者、生态学家罗兰：盖即博士说，我们正在‘迅速走向塑料星球”。此次表示“走向”，为动词短语head towards，空前有be动词are，结合句意需要表示“正在”，故动词应用doing的形式表进行，故需要用heading。故选A项。
【小题34】考查动词。句意：撰写这份报告的团队还估计，每年有800万吨塑料垃圾被倒入大海。空前有be动词are，故空处需要填形容词作表语或动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态。结合句意，可填过去分词形式dumped与arc构成一般现在时的被动，表示“被倒入”，符合句意。故选F项。
【小题35】考查动词。句意：这引起了人们的担忧，即塑料正在通过鱼类和其他海洋生物进入食物链，这些生物会消耗塑料碎片。空前有助动词has，结合句意可知，此处需要填过去分词的形式构成现在完成时，表达"已经"的含义。generated意为"引发；引起”，符合句意。故选K项。
【小题36】考查形容词。句意：它耐用，适应性强，从酸奶罐到宇宙飞船都可以使用。根据上下文可知，塑料的适应性非常强，小到酸奶罐，大到宇宙飞船都能用，表示“适应性强的”可用形容词adaptable。故选C项。
【小题37】考查副词。句意：但正是这一特性使它成为一个问题。分析句子成分，去掉空处并不影响句子，故空处需要填一个副词；上文提到塑料的优点，下文提到塑料的优点带来的缺点，故空处应填precisely表示强调"正是"，故选J项。
【小题38】考查名词。句意：那么，除了少用塑料，还有什么别的选择呢？空前有定冠词the，故空处需要填名词。后文给出了除了少用塑料之外的办法，故空处应填alterative表示“另外的选择”，由前面的is可知，应用单数。故选D项。
【小题39】考查形容词。句意：乌得勒支大学的海洋学家Erik van Sebille博士表示，我们正面临着大量的塑料垃圾，全球垃圾处理行业需要“共同行动起来”。分析句子成分，空处需要填形容词作定语修饰waste“垃圾”，global意为“全球的”，符合题干，强调塑料问题是一个全球的垃圾，也是全球的问题。故选H项。
【小题40】考查名词。句意：盖耶博士对此表示赞同：“对回收利用的追求是尽可能让材料永远处于使用和循环之中。由空前的定冠词The和空后的介词of可知，空出需要填一个名词。固定短语the pursuit of表示“追求…”，符合句意。故选E项。