2023届上海市部分区高三下学期4月二模英语试卷汇编：阅读理解专题（含答案）

上海市部分区2023届高三下学期4月二模英语解析版试卷分类汇编
阅读理解专题
2023届上海市金山区高考二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
On the track for the 400-meter dash at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Mikha Singh shot from the start as fast as possible, but then, in a second, sensed Malcolm Spence of South Africa over his shoulder. At the line, with six inches between them, Singh won the gold. The audience broke into applause. To them, however, he was just a village boy who ran with his arms gracefully waving. They did not know that, for him, running was not a sport. It was everything, his religion, his beloved, and his life.
As a child, Singh ran to get an education outside his home village. The school was ten kilometers away. But at the age of 18, Singh ran to save his very life. In 1947, the village was being split between India and Pakistan. Crowds of Muslim outsiders suddenly arrived in his village, ordering his family to convert to Islam or die. His father, dying, shouted, “Run, Milkha, run!” He raced for the forest, crying.
There followed a time when Singh hopped trains as a refugee, shoeless and starving. Eventually the army took him on. There he discovered running of a new kind, with coaching, races over set lengths, and prizes. The first race he won rewarded him with a daily glass of milk.
As a result, Singh began the hard, necessary work, six hours a day. He pushed his body to the limit out of pride—and for India. His iron discipline finally paid off. In 1960, he was invited to compete against Pakistan’s champion runner. At first, Singh refused to go since his childhood home was there and now he was still covered in his mind with the blood of his family. However, the moment Singh crossed the border, to his surprise, he was welcomed with flags and flowers. When he won his race, the then Pakistani prime minister said, “Pakistan bestows on (授予) you the title of The Flying Sikh. ” Despite everything that had happened, Singh had two countries.
56. Milkha Singh _________ at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games.
A. narrowly won the 400-meter dash
B. broke the world record for the 400 meters
C. was already a household name before the 400-meter dash
D. had little confidence in himself before the 400-meter dash
57. Put the following things in the time order of their appearance in Singh’s life.
① milk as a prize ② gold medal ③ school education ④ the title of The Flying Sikh
A. ①②③④ B. ①③②④ C. ③①②④ D. ③①④②
58. Singh’s success as an athlete lies in his _______________.
A. good luck B. rare talent C. constant effort D. patient coaches
59. What is the best title of the passage
A. War and Peace B. Lifelong Running
C. A Fierce Competition D. Running for Education
(B)
If you have an investment portfolio (投资组合) of $500,000 or more, get...
______________________________________________________________________________
About Fisher Investments
Fisher Investments is a money management enterprise serving over 85,000 clients as well as large institutional investors. * We have been managing portfolios through bull and bear markets for over 40 years. Fisher Investments has managed over $169 billion in client investments. *
_______________________________________________________________________________
If Mike is considering developing a tax-efficient retirement strategy, which tip can he turn to for reference
Tip #10. B. Tip #23. C. Tip #40. D. Tip #85.
What is “Fisher Investments”
An app. B. A book. C. A website. D. A company.
What is the main purpose of this passage
To give investment advice to anyone planning to retire.
To provide a free guide on retirement planning to everyone.
To seek potential customers who are interested in retirement planning.
To offer a special bonus report on maximizing Social Security benefits for retirement.
(C)
A baby born today will be thirty-something in 2050. If all goes well, that baby will still be around in 2100, and might even be an active citizen of the 22nd century. What should we teach that baby to help them survive and flourish in the world of 2050 and beyond What kind of skills will they need in order to get a job, understand what is happening around them, and navigate their tough life
At present, too many schools across the world focus on providing pupils with a set of predetermined skills, such as writing computer code in C++ and conversing in Chinese. Yet since we have no idea how the world and the job market will look in 2050, we don’t really know what particular skills people will need. We might invest a lot of effort in teaching kids how to write in C++ or to speak Chinese, only to discover sooner or later that AI will have been able to code software far better than humans, and that a new translation app will have enabled you to conduct a conversation in almost flawless Mandarin, Cantonese or Hakka, even though you only know how to say ni hao.
So what should we be teaching Many experts argue that schools should downplay technical skills and emphasize general-purpose life skills: the ability to deal with change, to learn new things, and to preserve your mental balance in unfamiliar situations. In order to keep up with the world of 2050, you will above all need to reinvent yourself again and again.
To succeed in such a demanding task, you will need to work very hard on getting to know your operating system better—to know what you are and what you want from life. This is, of course, the oldest advice in the book: know thyself. This advice was never more urgent than in the mid-21st century, because unlike in the days of Laozi or Socrates, now you have serious competition. Coca-Cola, Amazon and Facebook are all racing to hack you.
Right now, the algorithms (算法) are watching where you go, what you buy, and who you meet. Soon they will monitor all your steps, breaths and heartbeats. They are relying on big data and machine learning to get to know you better and better. And once these algorithms know you better than you know yourself, they could control and manipulate (操纵) you. In the end, authority will shift to them.
Of course, you might be perfectly happy giving up all authority to the algorithms and trusting them to make decisions for you and for the rest of the world. If, however, you want to maintain some control over your personal existence and over the future of life in general, you have to run faster than the algorithms. To run fast, don’t take much luggage with you. Leave all your illusions (幻想) behind. They are very heavy.
What does the underlined word “downplay” in paragraph 3 most probably mean
Give too much emphasis on something.
Make people think that something is less important.
Offer your reasons why something is right or wrong.
Decide something in advance so that it does not happen.
According to the article, ___________ plays a vital role in children’s bright future.
imagination B. adaptability C. self-discipline D. a good sense of balance
It’s important to know our operating system because ___________.
if we don’t, algorithms will hack all our devices.
it is an essential skill for us to succeed in the world of 2050.
we need to learn how algorithms work and make full use of them.
we need to outrun algorithms to keep some control over our personal life.
The article mainly talks about _________.
the importance of knowing yourself
the threats and dangers of technology
what kind of skills we might need in the future
some potential benefits algorithms would bring to humankind
2023届上海市嘉定区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section B (22分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
What’s wrong with being an amateur While reading a recently published report saying “many people who attend plays are themselves involved in a form of amateur drama”, August Schulenburg of the Flux Theatre Ensemble questioned the divide between amateurs and professional artists.
One reason for the barrier, he suggests, is fear. “When professional arts organizations perceive their value under threat, they must draw rigid lines to protect it. Amateurs are pushed aside out of fear that they will somehow endanger the professional brands.”
But for Schulenburg, it’s an outmoded attitude towards amateurs. “The professional artist must be among them and of them; the amateur must be an equal partner at the table.” It sounds a lot like he is advocating the kind of large-scale community work. If so, he might have a point.
The importance of forming a community rather than a passive audience is something Douglas MacLennan also picked up on recently over a blog. In a post headlined “Pay attention! If selling tickets is your business model, you’ve got a problem”, he argues that theatres and other arts institutions will only survive if they “build community rather than audience”. The idea is that you give the public reasons to engage with your company, you build loyalty so that their support is more than just a consumer transaction (交易). Abigail Katz, a regular theater-goer, wonders whether theatres offer good value for money. She has written recently in a post at the Playgoer blog that much of the theatre “doesn’t do anything … doesn’t make me feel anything”.
Lynn Conner, one author of the report, also mentioned “I believe what today’s potential arts audiences most want out of an arts event is the opportunity to co-author meaning. They don’t want the arts; they want the experience. They want to gain the cultural rights by forming and exchanging opinions that are valued in the community.”
56. What do the two underlined pronouns “they” respectively refer to
A. rigid lines; professional brands B. amateurs; professional arts organizations
C. professional brands; rigid lines D. professional arts organizations; amateurs
57. Which of the following does August Schulenburg agree with
A. Rigid lines must be drawn to protect professional arts.
B. It is unwise for theatres to overlook amateur audience.
C. Theatres must produce serious plays to attract the audience.
D. The artists should dine together with the amateurs at the table.
58. In paragraph 4, the words of Abigail Katz are cited __________.
A. to highlight the necessity of surveying customers’ feelings
B. to emphasize the importance of advertising through blogs
C. to indicate the failure of theatres to engage the audience
D. to complain about the high price of the theatre plays
59. According to this passage, theatres should put ____________ first.
A. the audience’s sense of participation B. the quality of professional plays
C. the actors’ personal experiences D. the control of cultural rights
(B)
The 2022 World Cup has come to an end. Let’s review some facts about the hi-tech turf (草皮) that Qatar had spent much of its energy on.
Qatar, a desert nation, had three main challenges: water, air and light. It got almost every condition going against it. The water used to irrigate (灌溉) the grass is low quality, mainly treated seawater. Because of the desert sun, Qatar’s stadiums were built for maximum shade—great for preventing heatstroke, but less ideal for photosynthesis (光合作用). Inside the nearly-closed stadiums, there’s very little air movement.
Qatar identified pitch (球场) quality as a particular issue and set up the Aspire Sport Turf Research and Development Centre to find the best types of grass for use in the harsh climate, testing 24 different varieties. Eventually, Atlas Turf’s grass was chosen as much for its appearance as its tolerance for the tough conditions Qatar faces.
The following pictures show some tech facts about the turf, which ensures a consistent and durable surface for the players in all weather conditions.
60. What information can we learn from the passage
① the conditions against grass growing in Qatar
② the material the stadiums were built with
③ the supplier of the turf grass
④ the efforts Qatar made to select the most suitable grass
⑤ the technology involved in making the turf
⑥ the tough challenges facing the football players
A. ①③④⑤ B. ①③⑤⑥ C. ②③④⑤ D. ②④⑤⑥
61. Atlas Turf’s grass is chosen probably because _____________.
A. it has very little air movement B. it becomes rough in windy weather
C. it is shade-tolerant D. it appears to have a golden color
62. Which of the following is TRUE about the turf
A. 24 types of grass have been planted on the turf.
B. Damage to the turf can be recovered quickly.
C. Artificial grass covers 70 percent of the turf.
D. Water can be saved at the bottom of the turf.
(C)
Peter and Minke van Wingerden have created something wild: a herd of cows floating on the sea. The Dutch husband-and-wife team’s experiment on sustainable agriculture, called Floating Farm, can be found in the port of Rotterdam. The modernist structure houses 40 cows, who collectively produce some 200 gallons of milk a day. In addition to helping nourish (滋养) the local community, the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the climate crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how—and where—they produce food.
Floods, extreme heating, droughts and even rising night temperatures have sent the food system off balance. The race to outsmart the constant attack of extreme weather has made the world of farming unrecognizable from what it was only decades ago. A team of scientists in Mexico is developing wheat types that can adapt themselves to different climates, while Jack’s Solar Garden in Longmont, Colorado, is a testbed for the emerging method of solar farming.
Rotterdam has already established itself as one of the most climate-adaptive places in the world. Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on water in the city, which is 90% below sea level. The Wingerdens’ Floating Farm was a new but necessary attempt. Should a weather crisis arise, a waterborne farm isn’t necessarily stuck in place. A former property developer with a background in engineering, Peter found his inspiration for the Floating Farm in a climate disaster in New York City, where Hurricane Sandy prevented the delivery of fresh food to millions.
The Wingerdens’ model is ripe for reproduction—which is exactly what the Floating Farm’s team of 14 are working on now. Plans are under way for a floating vegetable farm to move into the space next to the current Floating Farm. Permit applications are also out for similar structures in Dubai, Singapore and the Dutch cities of Haarlem and Arnhem.
The new projects will apply lessons learned from Floating Farm. “You need to build a house in order to know how to build a house,” Peter says. The biggest obstacles he sees ahead, however, are not financial or physical, but rather political and administrative. “One of the biggest challenges we come across worldwide is regulations. Cities need to have disruptive thinking, cities need to have disruptive departments, and cities need to have areas where you can say: OK, this is the experimental zone.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling off is of a different order than the typical sustainability measures. “We are not innovative,” he says. “We are disruptive.”
63. Which of the following is TRUE about the Floating Farm
A. It is the first modern farming attempt to fight climate change.
B. It is a model of new agriculture in the age of climate crisis.
C. It has outsmarted other forms of farming like solar farming.
D. It copies a similar structure in Dubai ready for reproduction.
64. It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.
A. 90% of the population in Rotterdam live below the sea level
B. The New York City is working hard to fight climate change
C. The local community will not be fed without new farming
D. Waterborne facilities are necessary to the future of Rotterdam
65. The phrase “disruptive thinking” in the last paragraph means “thinking __________”.
A. in a daring and unusual way B. in a focused and logical way
C. in a careful and detailed way D. in a rude and unpleasant way
66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. Is Rotterdam Built on Water
B. Can Floating Farming Survive
C. Are Cows at Sea the Future of Farming
D. Is Extreme Weather Affecting Agriculture
2023届上海市宝山区高考二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Digital health refers to the system of interconnected devices that can monitor and report important health information. Doctors can then use that information to ensure that your treatment is tailor-made to your situation.
The most useful aspect of digital health is the ability to constantly and accurately monitor vital information. Wearable devices can record your blood pressure or the rhythm of your heartbeat. The information is then accessible remotely through the internet, so your doctor has a wealth of information about your daily health. Your doctor can then use that information remotely to make changes to your treatment at any time.
A survey conducted by the company Lightico in March 2020, reveals how satisfied consumers are with this type of remote care. Forty-one percent said that the remote treatment they had received by means of digital devices and the internet was either “good” or “excellent.” The same positive attitude toward digital health can be seen among investors. In the first quarter of 2020, US$3.1 billion in new investments poured into the digital health industry, setting a new investment record.
Much of the excitement is connected close with the use of voice technology in digital health care. Today, around 2.5 billion devices have voice interfaces (界面) like Alexa, which enable the devices to produce and understand speech. As a result, users can communicate with these devices about their health needs by speaking instead of typing on a computer. Seniors, for example, can use Alexa to check their daily schedules and receive reminders to take their medicine.
Advances in digital health, however, also bring privacy concerns. Information regarding your health could be used for advertising or marketing, for example. If health records are accessible online, protecting your information from theft and unauthorized use might be difficult. But if managed properly, the benefits of digital health could certainly outweigh the risks.
56．What is this article mainly about
A．The current state of health care training.
B．Health conditions that need urgent attention.
C．A technological trend in health care.
D．Rising pressure on health care workers.
57．According to this article, what happened during the first three months of 2020
A．A growing number of digital devices were recalled.
B．Funding for digital health increased considerably.
C．Some digital health firms nearly went out of business.
D．Many institutions devoted effort to medical research.
58．What does this article explain about Alexa’s features
A．How they make workers efficient.
B．How they can benefit the elderly.
C．How they save instructors time.
D．How they entertain youngsters.
59．According to this article, what is one concern about digital health
A．Worries about the side effects caused by modern drugs.
B．Rising manufacturing costs in the health care industry.
C．Government regulations limiting the use of digital devices.
D．The danger that personal health data could be stolen.
(B)
60．What does Camilla have to say about sales in her region
A．They’ve improved.
B．They’ve gone down.
C．They’ve stayed the same.
D．They’ve exploded.
61．Why does Bob think commercials via social media is a better use of money
A．Because it doesn’t take as much effort to use.
B．Because fewer people are used to social media.
C．Because of how cool the company will appear.
D．Because of their target audience’s preference.
62．According to the passage, what aspect of the ads is especially effective
A．It shows a lot of different emotions.
B．It appeals to people’s emotions.
C．It contains a very simple message.
D．It conveys some subtle ideas.
(C)
Far below every town and city lies an invisible network of pipes crucial to the lives of their residents. Once water disappears down a pipe or toilet, people rarely think about what happens to it. It’s out of sight, out of mind. The water flows into pipes that carry excess rainwater, wastewater and solid waste away, keeping the city clean.
There are three main types of sewers (下水道): sanitary (卫生的) sewers, storm sewers and combined sewers. Taipei has both sanitary and storm sewers where rainwater and sewage are collected using different pipes.
This sewer system functions as a city’s veins (静脉). Water containing human and industrial waste is collected in sanitary sewers and conveyed to sewage treatment plants, the heart of the sewer system, where waste is treated. There, the solid waste is separated from the water, which is then cleaned before being released back into the environment. It will be reused for industrial, agricultural or environmental purposes or to produce energy. Furthermore, the mud and gas from sewage treatment can be used to produce energy. They not only contribute to a healthy environment and good quality of life, but also achieve the goal of sustainable development.
While wastewater collection and treatment are critical to the health of urban residents, storm sewers also play an important role in the city. Green space has given way to concrete during the island’s rapid development and extensive building projects over the past few decades. As a consequence, there has been a loss of the land’s natural water as concrete cannot absorb rainwater. When an extreme weather event like a severe storm or typhoon brings heavy rain, storm sewers must cope with the water, so it does not flood the city. However, storm sewers are only part of the measures for water management and flood prevention.
To reduce flooding, an integrated urban drainage management plan has been adopted, where all the factors-storm sewers, land planning and economic development-are considered together. Engineering innovations, additional flood discharge facilities and increased green space requirements in new development projects have improved water maintaining in cities.
Who knew that sewers help improve urban public health, prevent urban flooding and boost environmental protection Together they protect vital water resources and maintain the safety of people and property.
63．According to the passage, the word “excess” in the first paragraph probably means______.
A．useless B．polluted C．extra D．processed
64．According to the passage, what does the city build two kinds of sewers for
A．To test wastewater timely and to develop rapidly.
B．To treat wastewater and to fight against flooding.
C．To form a circulation and to clean the city.
D．To clean wastewater and to manage water.
65．What can we conclude from the passage
A．What is unseen is as important as what is seen.
B．There are three types of sewers in every city.
C．People build sewer system because of concrete.
D．Sewers are usually repaired every few decades.
66．What would be the proper title for the passage
A．A City’s Underground Construction
B．A City’s Hidden Network
C．How A City Operates Well
D．Two Aspects of A City or Town
2023届上海市松江区高考二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
One school night this month I quietly approached Alexander, my 15-year-old son, and patted him on the cheek in a manner I hoped would seem casual. Alex knew better, sensing by my touch, which remained just a moment too long, that I was sneaking (偷偷地做) a touch of the beard that had begun to grow near his ears. Suddenly he went stormily to his computer screen. That, and an angry look of his eyes, told me more forcefully than words: Mom, you are seen through!
I realized I committed a silly behavior: not showing respect for my teenager’s personal space. “The average teenager has strong feelings about his privacy,” said two young women experts. Ms. Frankel and Ms. Fox, both 17, are the authors of Breaking the Code, a new book that seeks to bridge the generational divide between parents and adolescents. It is being promoted by its publisher as the first self-help guide by teenagers for their parents, a kind of Kids Are From Mars, Parents Are From Venus that de-mystifies the language and actions of teenagers.
Personally, I welcomed insights into teenagers from any qualified experts, and that included the authors. The most common missteps in interacting with teenagers, they instructed me, result from the conflict between parents maintaining their right to know what goes on under their roof and teenagers striving to guard their privacy. When a child is younger, they write, every decision centers around the parents. But now, as Ms. Fox told me, “often your teenager is in this circle that doesn’t include you.”
Ms. Fox and Ms. Frankel acknowledge that teenagers can be quick to interpret their parents’ remarks as negative or authoritative and respond with aggressiveness that masks their defenselessness. “What we want above all is your approval,” they write. “Don’t forget, no matter how much we act as if we don’t care what you say, we believe the things you say about us.”
56．In the second paragraph, Kids Are From Mars, Parents Are From Venus is mentioned because ______.
A．it disapproves of opinions in Breaking the Code
B．it shares the same theme with Breaking the Code
C．it employs the same language style as Breaking the Code
D．it ranks right after Breaking the Code among self-help guides
57．With their book, Ms. Frankel and Ms. Fox ______.
A．declare teenagers’ rights B．remind parents of teenagers’ missteps
C．help parents know teenagers better D．arouse much disagreement from the public
58．What often leads to conflicts between parents and teenagers based on the passage
A．Teenagers’ defense of their privacy.
B．Parents’ striving to instruct teenagers.
C．Teenagers’ refusal to follow experts’ advice.
D．Parents’ dislike in teenagers’ attitudes to life.
59．What can be learned from the last paragraph
A．Teenagers always rush to judgement on others.
B．Parents often seek to create an authoritative image.
C．Parents’ opinions about teenagers matter much to them.
D．Teenagers feature good comprehension and defenselessness.
(B)
Not too hot, not too cold. Spring is the perfect time to visit Europe for ideal weather. The best European countries to visit in the spring include: France, Netherlands, Slovakia, Romania, Czech Republic and so on.
France
One of the most tourist-packed countries in Europe, France offers lesser crowds and more excellent weather during the spring months. Just outside of Paris are the impressive castles and country houses of Sceaux, where the cherry blossom can easily be seen in spring.
Netherlands
The Netherlands is well-known for its vast fields of flowers, making spring a perfect time for a Dutch holiday. The tulip fields in the Noordoostpolder are a must, as well as flower fields in Flevoland and Kop van Noord-Holland. In Veluwe National Park, tourists will be rewarded with the sight of red deer eating grass. A trip to the Netherlands would, of course, be incomplete without a visit to Amsterdam. The lesser crowds and lovely weather of spring make it the perfect time to explore Amsterdam’s canals.
Slovakia
Slovakia is a wonderfully diverse country with rich cultural history and awe-inspiring natural sites. Slovak Paradise is a natural park that offers 19 nature reserves and over 350 caves. Due to its hot summers and cold winters, spring is a perfect time to explore all that Slovakia has to offer.
Romania
Romania hosts a variety of great cultural sites and lively cities, especially attractive during spring months. The Statue of King Decebalus, a 141-foot-high upper part of Decebalus carved into the side of a rock, is a wonderful attraction. Bra ov Old Town is one of Europe’s most charming destinations for those looking to escape the capital city of Bucharest.
Czech Republic
Due to its impossibly preserved Gothic architecture, Prague is widely regarded as the most impressive city in Europe. As such, summertime will be characterized with crowds that can ruin the romance with which you should experience Prague. May in the Czech Republic offers perfect not-too-hot, not-too-cold weather. This makes for ideal conditions to cross Charles Bridge and tour Prague Castle.
60．If one wants to appreciate flowers, he will most probably go to ______.
A．France B．Netherlands C．Romania D．Czech Republic
61．According to the passage, the best destinations for tourists interested in architecture are ______.
A．France and Romania B．Romania and Slovakia
C．Slovakia and Czech Republic D．France and Czech Republic
62．What can be learned about the countries mentioned in the passage
A．They are packed with more crowds in spring than in other seasons.
B．Tourists can travel in ships when visiting Romania and Netherlands.
C．Travellers can catch sight of and feed wild animals in these countries.
D．Slovakia is an amazing place where tourists can enjoy natural beauty.
(C)
It’s 2076 and the skies are looking decidedly milky. On windy plains and in parts of the seas that have been turned over to wind farms, a different kind of tower has been built alongside the turbines (涡轮). They take in CO2 out of the atmosphere. Vast parcels of land have been given over to forest. Trees are grown, harvested and burned for energy in power plants that don’t let CO2 escape to the atmosphere. Instead, emissions are captured and driven underground. Powdered minerals are put into the water to absorb CO2 and reduce ocean acidification.
All these technologies are a desperate action to reverse more than two centuries of greenhouse gas emissions. But they are not entirely up to the task and, anyway, we are still releasing greenhouse gases. “I think it’s very likely that in 60 years we’ll be using both technologies,” says John Shepherd of the University of Southampton, UK. He is referring to the two flavors of geoengineering: absorbing CO2 out of the air and using a sunshade to reflect some of the sun’s rays back out into space.
There is no denying that climate talks are going too slowly and not so smoothly. Even if industrial emissions were to drop rapidly — a big if — some sections pose an intractable problem. We have no real replacement for aeroplane fuel and feeding people demands intensive agriculture, which accounts for a quarter of global emissions.
Computer models suggest there will be winners and losers. While a sunshade could lower global average temperatures to pre-industrial levels, there would be regional differences. Northern Europe, Canada, Siberia and the poles would remain warmer than they were, and temperatures over the oceans would be cooler. Global warming is predicted to make wet regions wetter and dry ones drier. Models suggest a sunshade would correct this, but, again, not in a uniform way.
Shepherd fears all this will feed into international arguments. He imagines some kind of global council where governments seek a climate that meets their needs. Some might prefer a slightly warmer temperature, for tourism or agriculture. But nations whose coral reefs (珊瑚礁) draw in visitors will probably want more CO2 absorbing technologies.
In spite of all these concerns, most scientists hold that revolutionary technology and people’s awakening can shine a light on solutions in ways that are impossible now. There is undoubtedly a long way to go when we address problems facing mankind, but we can always anticipate something.
63．What is described in the first paragraph
A．Future scenery and farming methods.
B．The development of transport technology.
C．The serious pollution problem in the very near future.
D．Future technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
64．The word “intractable” in paragraph 4 most probably means “______”.
A．solvable B．untypical
C．tricky D．existing
65．It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．climate talks haven’t achieved the expected results
B．industrial emissions will decrease greatly in 60 years
C．technologies to reduce CO2 emission aren’t used properly for now
D．sunshades outshine intensive agriculture at capturing CO2 emissions
66．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Effective CO2 absorbing technologies have come into wide use.
B．With greenhouse gas reduced, global warming can be addressed.
C．Future climate will improve with human efforts but threats still remain.
D．Future climate will restore to a normal state with advanced technology.
2023届上海市杨浦区高考二模英语试题
Section B Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B.C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
17．My sister，Lynn，taught me my first word：Kirakira.I pronounced it ka﹣a﹣ahhh，but she knew what I meant.Kira﹣kira means "glittering" in Japanese.Lynn told me that when I was a baby，she used to take me onto our empty road at night，where we would lie on our backs and look at the stars while she said over and over， "Katie，say 'kira﹣kira，kira﹣kira!'" I loved that word!When I grew older，I used Kirakira to describe everything I liked：the beautiful blue sky，puppies，kittens，butterflies，colored tissues.
My mother said we were misusing the word；you could not call colored tissues kira﹣kira.She was dismayed over how un﹣Japanese we were and swore to send us to Japan one day.I didn't care where she sent me，so long as Lynn came along.
When she wasn't in school，she stayed with me constantly.Both our parents worked.Officially，I stayed all day with a lady from down the road，but unofficially，Lynn was the one who took care of me.
My sister used to keep a diary.Today I keep her diary in a drawer next to my bed.I like to see how her memories were the same as mine，but also different.For instance，one of my earliest memories is of the day Lynn saved my life.I was almost five，and she was almost nine.We were playing on the empty road near our house.Fields of tall corn stretched into the distance wherever you looked.A dirty gray dog ran out of the field near us，and then he ran back in.Lynn loved animals.Her long black hair disappeared into the corn as she chased the dog.The summer sky was clear and blue.I felt a brief fear as Lynn disappeared into the cornstalks.After Lynn ran into the field，I couldn't see anything but corn. "Lynnie!" I shouted.We weren't that far from our house，but I felt scared.I burst into tears.
Somehow or other，Lynn got behind me and said， "Boo!" and I cried some more.She just laughed and hugged me and said， "You're the best little sister in the world!" I liked it when she said that，so I stopped crying.
（1）What can be learned about Katie as a little child from the first paragraph？ 　 　
A.She only listened to Lynn's advice.
B.She didn't like to learn the Japanese language.
C.She mispronounced kira﹣kira on purpose.
D.She associated kira﹣kira with nice things.
（2）The underlined word dismayed in the second paragraph probably means 　 　.
A.discouraged
B.amused
C.relieved
D.unconvinced
（3）Which of the following lines is probably in Lynn's diary description of the event？ 　 　
A.I was sure that the dog would hurt Katie....
B.My heart melted at the sight of the lovely dog....
C.I kept chasing the dog until Katie appeared....
D.I regretted taking Katie out when I saw the dog....
（4）The author writes about her childhood to 　 　.
A.sing praise of her Japanese roots
B.share an adventurous experience
C.recall unique style of language learning
D.show the sisterly affection
18．
Scholarships designed to extend the education and training of the applicants and to advance their research careers are available to new or recent doctoral graduates in diverse areas of research.
Applications will be accepted from doctoral recipients with research interests associated with the following Departments：
APPLIED OCEAN PHYSICS & ENGINEERING
MARINE CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMISTRY
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
GEOLOGY&GEOPHYSICS
BIOLOGY
Interdepartmental research，including with the Marine Policy Center，is also encouraged.
Applications will also be accepted from those with research interests on the following：
USGS/WHOI﹣areas of common interest between USGS and WHOI Scientific Staff.The individual will interact with both USGS and WHOI based advisors on their research.
Criteria for awards include demonstrated research independence，productivity and novelty，and community service including contributions to making ocean sciences and engineering more diverse and welcoming.Scholarships are awarded for 18﹣month appointments （﹩68，500 annually，plus a health and welfare allowance；a travel allowance；and a research budget）.Recipients are encouraged to pursue their own research interest supervised by resident munication with potential WHOI advisors prior to submitting an application is PLETED APPLICATIONS MUST BE RECEIVED BY OCTOBER 15，2023，to start any time after January 1，2024 and before December 1，2024.Awards will be announced in December.
Further information about the Scholarships and application forms as well as links to the individual Departments and their research themes may be obtained at：https：//go.whoi.edu/pdscholarship
A goal of the Postdoctoral Scholar Program is the long﹣term broadening of participation in ocean science and engineering：women，minorities，veterans.those with disabilities，and other underrepresented groups are encouraged to apply.
（1）What can be learned about the Postdoctoral Scholar Program？ 　 　
A.Women applicants are more likely to be considered than men applicants.
B.Applicants whose research is independent and original will be given priority.
C.All applicants must agree to work with the Marine Policy Center.
D.Applicants without a degree in engineering will be rejected.
（2）The earliest time for the scholarship recipient to start the research work is 　 　.
A.October 15，2023
B.January 1，2024
C.December 1，2024
D.December 12，2023
（3）The scholarship recipient will be able to 　 　.
A.get a health and welfare allowance of ﹩ 70，000 a year
B.use the database at http：//go.whoi.edu/pdscholarship
C.appoint any WHOI advisor as his/her research partner
D.do research under the guidance of resident staff at WHOI
19．Small batteries are big problems，but nobody really pays attention to where they end up.Researchers at the Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory are working to address this problem.Their new research paper describes a water﹣activated paper battery developed from environmentally friendly materials that could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries common in low﹣power devices.
The paper battery has the same key components as standard batteries but packages them differently.Like a typical chemical battery，it has a positively charged side called a cathode，a negatively charged side called an anode，and a conductive material called an electrolyte（电解质） between the two.A traditional battery's components are encased in plastic and metal；in the new battery，the anode and cathode are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper.That paper is filled with salt，which dissolves（溶解）when the paper is dampened with water.The resulting saltwater solution acts as the electrolyte.
Sustainable materials were a precondition for the researchers，who considered only safe and plentiful ingredients to create their device. "We were fairly confident that we would have something that would work in the end，but developing these materials and ink systems is challenging，" says Gustav Nystr m，senior author of the study.
After trying hundreds of formulations for the battery components，the researchers settled on a graphite ink to make the cathode，a zinc ink for the anode，and salt﹣filled paper to create the electrolyte.
When the paper is dry，the battery is shelf﹣stable.Add just a couple of drops of water，however，and the salt dissolves，allowing electrons to flow.Once the paper is dampened，the battery activates within 20 seconds.The new battery's operating performance declines as the paper dries.When the scientists re﹣wet the paper during testing，the battery regained functionality and lasted an hour before beginning to dry out again.
AI though the researchers demonstrated that their battery could power an alarm clock，the paper batteries are unlikely to replace standard ones on store shelves.Nystr m envisions a future where these paper batteries could make their way into products within the next two to five years. "The performance that you see on this device，I think，is sufficient for a lot of other applications already，" he says.It is mostly a matter of scaling up production and integrating the batteries into systems such as diagnostic tests and environmental sensors."
（1）How is the paper battery similar to the standard battery？ 　 　
A.They both have two charged sides and an electrolyte.
B.They are both packaged in plastic and metal.
C.The key components are environmentally friendly.
D.Both batteries can operate for only an hour.
（2）　 　is the condition for the paper battery to work.
A.Heating the salt
B.Wetting the paper
C.Drying out the battery
D.Charging the electrons
（3）Nystr m will most likely agree with the prediction that 　 　.
A.major technological breakthrough will be made in the near future
B.all home appliances will be powered by paper batteries
C.paper batteries will have longer shelf life than traditional ones
D.the future for a wide application of paper batteries is not far off
（4）Which of the following statements best describes the significance of paper battery？ 　 　
A.It advances the battery manufacturing industry.
B.It is a low﹣cost alternative to traditional battery.
C.It is a creative way to reduce potential e﹣waste.
D.It turns dangerous e﹣waste into useful products.
参考答案
2023届上海市金山区高考二模英语试题
56．A
57．C
58．C
59．B
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是Mikha Singh为了他的一切——他的宗教，他的爱人以及他的生命一直在奔跑。
56．
细节理解题。根据首段中的“On the track for the 400-meter dash at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Mikha Singh shot from the start as fast as possible, but then, in a second, sensed Malcolm Spence of South Africa over his shoulder. At the line, with six inches between them, Singh won the gold.(在1958年大英帝国和英联邦运动会的400米短跑跑道上，米哈·辛格一开始就以最快的速度起跑，但很快，他就感觉到身后的南非选手马尔科姆·斯彭斯。在终点线处，辛格以6英寸的领先优势赢得了金牌)”可知，Mikha Singh领先Malcolm Spence只有6英寸夺冠，说明他是以微弱的优势获得的冠军。故选A项。
57．
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As a child, Singh ran to get an education outside his home village. The school was ten kilometers away. But at the age of 18, Singh ran to save his very life. In 1947, the village was being split between India and Pakistan.(小时候，辛格跑到家乡以外的地方接受教育。学校在十公里外。但在18岁时，辛格为了挽救自己的生命而奔跑。1947年，该村被印度和巴基斯坦分割)”可知，接受学校教育是他在小时候的事情，代号是③；根据第三段中的“There followed a time when Singh hopped trains as a refugee, shoeless and starving.(随后有一段时间，辛格作为难民跳火车，没有鞋子，挨饿)”和“The first race he won rewarded him with a daily glass of milk.(他赢得的第一场比赛奖励他每天喝一杯牛奶。)”可知，他得到牛奶作为奖励是在他是难民的时候，代号是①；根据第一段中的“On the track for the 400-meter dash at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Mikha Singh shot from the start as fast as possible, but then, in a second, sensed Malcolm Spence of South Africa over his shoulder.(在1958年大英帝国和英联邦运动会(British Empire and Commonwealth Games)的400米短跑跑道上，米哈·辛格一开始就以最快的速度起跑，但很快，他就感觉到身后的南非选手马尔科姆·斯彭斯)”可知，他获得金牌是在1958年的大英帝国和英联邦运动会上获得的，代号是②；根据最后一段中的“In 1960, he was invited to compete against Pakistan’s champion runner.(1960年，他受邀与巴基斯坦冠军选手竞争)”以及“When he won his race, the then Pakistani prime minister said, “Pakistan bestows on (授予) you the title of The Flying Sikh. ” (当他赢得比赛时，当时的巴基斯坦总理说：“巴基斯坦授予你‘飞翔的锡克教’称号。”)”可知，他被授予The Flying Sikh头衔是在1960年，代号是④；由此可知，在Singh人生中所发生的事情顺序是③①②④。故选C项。
58．
细节理解题。根据尾段中的“As a result, Singh began the hard, necessary work, six hours a day. He pushed his body to the limit out of pride—and for India. His iron discipline finally paid off.(结果，辛格开始了艰苦而必要的工作，每天工作六个小时。他把自己的身体推向极限是出于骄傲——也是为了印度。他的铁律终于得到了回报。)”可知，Singh是靠自己不断地努力获取的成功。故选C项。
59．
主旨大意题。根据首段中的“They did not know that, for him, running was not a sport. It was everything, his religion, his beloved, and his life.(他们不知道，对他来说，跑步不是一项运动。这是一切，他的宗教，他的爱人，他的生命)”以及全文对Mikha Singh一生中所遭遇的事情可知，他在为自己的一切，自己的宗教，自己的爱人以及自己的生命一直在奔跑，由此可知，“终生奔跑”作为本文的题目为概括全文主题。故选B项。
60．C
61．D
62．C
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是一家投资公司为有投资意向的退休人员提供的投资建议。
60．
细节理解题。根据“99 RETIREMENT TIPS ”图片中的“Tip #40 A way to manage taxes in retirement(提示#40 退休后管理税收的方法)”可知，如果考虑有效避税的退休策略，可以参考第40条建议。故选C项。
61．
细节理解题。根据About Fisher Investments部分中的“Fisher Investments is a money management enterprise serving over 85,000 clients as well as large institutional investors.(Fisher Investments是一家资金管理企业，为超过85,000名客户以及大型机构投资者提供服务。)”可知，Fisher Investments是一家资金管理公司，enterprise意为“企业”。故选D项。
62．
推理判断题。根据首段中的“If you have an investment portfolio (投资组合) of $500,000 or more, get...(如果你有50万美元以上的投资组合，请获得……)”和第一幅图片中的“99 TIPS TO MAKE YOUR RETIREMENT MORE COMFORTABLE(99个小贴士让你的退休生活更舒适)”可知，有投资意向的退休人员可以得到一些投资建议，让他们的退休生活更舒适，由此可知，本文主要是在退休人员中寻找一些潜在的投资客户。故选C项。
63．B
64．B
65．D
66．C
【导语】
本文为一篇说议论文。随着社会发展，未来的教育将淡化技术技能，而强调通用的生活技能，使学生拥有应对变化的能力，学习新事物的能力，以及在陌生环境中保持精神平衡的能力，做出一次又一次地重塑，为了不被算法控制，并学会认识自我，并努力使自己跑得比算法快，这样才能在某种程度上控制你个人的存在和未来的生活。
63．
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Many experts argue that schools should downplay technical skills and emphasize general-purpose life skills: the ability to deal with change, to learn new things, and to preserve your mental balance in unfamiliar situations. In order to keep up with the world of 2050, you will above all need to reinvent yourself again and again. (许多专家认为，学校应该downplay技术技能，强调通用的生活技能：应对变化的能力，学习新事物的能力，以及在不熟悉的情况下保持心理平衡的能力。为了跟上2050年的世界，你首先需要一次又一次地改造自己。)”可知，学校要强调生活技能类的能力传授，而非技术技能，因此划线词意为“不予重视”，与emphasize意思相反，与B项“Make people think that something is less important. (让人们觉得有些事情不那么重要。)”意思相近。故选B项。
64．
细节理解题。根据第三段“Many experts argue that schools should downplay technical skills and emphasize general-purpose life skills: the ability to deal with change, to learn new things, and to preserve your mental balance in unfamiliar situations. In order to keep up with the world of 2050, you will above all need to reinvent yourself again and again. (许多专家认为，学校应该downplay技术技能，强调通用的生活技能：应对变化的能力，学习新事物的能力，以及在不熟悉的情况下保持心理平衡的能力。为了跟上2050年的世界，你首先需要一次又一次地改造自己。)”可知，对孩子们的美好未来起着至关重要作用的是有通用的生活技能，能在不熟悉的情况下保持心理平衡，善于学习新事物，即要有一定的适应力。故选B项。
65．
推理判断题。根据第四段“To succeed in such a demanding task, you will need to work very hard on getting to know your operating system better—to know what you are and what you want from life. This is, of course, the oldest advice in the book: know thyself. This advice was never more urgent than in the mid-21st century, because unlike in the days of Laozi or Socrates, now you have serious competition. Coca-Cola, Amazon and Facebook are all racing to hack you. (要成功完成这样一项要求很高的任务，你需要非常努力地去更好地了解你的操作系统——了解你是什么，你想从生活中得到什么。当然，这是书中最古老的忠告：认识你自己。这一建议在21世纪中期从未如此紧迫，因为与老子或苏格拉底时代不同，现在你面临着激烈的竞争。可口可乐、亚马逊和脸书都在争相黑你。)”，以及倒数第二段“Right now, the algorithms (算法) are watching where you go, what you buy, and who you meet. Soon they will monitor all your steps, breaths and heartbeats. They are relying on big data and machine learning to get to know you better and better. And once these algorithms know you better than you know yourself, they could control and manipulate (操纵) you. In the end, authority will shift to them.(现在，算法正在观察你去哪里，你买什么，你遇见谁。很快他们就会监控你的步伐、呼吸和心跳。他们依靠大数据和机器学习来更好地了解你。一旦这些算法比你自己更了解你，它们就可以控制和操纵你。最终，权力会转移到他们身上)”，最后一段“If, however, you want to maintain some control over your personal existence and over the future of life in general, you have to run faster than the algorithms. (然而，如果你想在某种程度上控制你个人的存在和未来的生活，你就必须跑得比算法快。)”可知，了解我们的操作系统很重要，因为身处大数据时代，只有了解自己，认识自己了，才能使自己跑得比算法跑得快，才能在某种程度上掌控自己的生活，而不被大数据左右。故选D项。
66．
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章描述的是未来的教育方向：随着社会发展，未来的教育将淡化技术技能，而强调通用的生活技能，使学生拥有应对变化的能力，学习新事物的能力，以及在陌生环境中保持精神平衡的能力，做出一次又一次地重塑，为了不被算法控制，并学会认识自我，并努力使自己跑得比算法快，这样才能在某种程度上控制你个人的存在和未来的生活。故本文主要大意为“what kind of skills we might need in the future (我们将来可能需要什么样的技能)”，故选C项。
2023届上海市嘉定区高三下学期二模英语试卷
36．D
37．B
38．C
39．A
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道，Flux剧团的August Schulenburg在阅读最近发表的一份报告时表示，“许多观看戏剧的人自己也参与了某种形式的业余戏剧”，他对业余艺术家和专业艺术家之间的分歧提出了质疑。
36．
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“When professional arts organizations perceive their value under threat(当专业艺术机构意识到自己的价值受到威胁时)”可知，第一个they指代的是professional arts organizations；根据第二段的“Amateurs are pushed aside(业余爱好者被排挤到一边)”可知，第二个they指代的是amateurs。故选D。
37．
推理判断题。根据第三段的“The professional artist must be among them and of them; the amateur must be an equal partner at the table.(专业的艺术家必须在他们中间和他们之中；业余选手在比赛桌上必须是平等的。)”可知，August Schulenburg同意的观点是剧院忽视业余观众是不明智的。故选B。
38．
推理判断题。根据第四段的“Abigail Katz, a regular theater-goer, wonders whether theatres offer good value for money. She has written recently in a post at the Playgoer blog that much of the theatre “doesn’t do anything … doesn’t make me feel anything”.(Abigail Katz经常去剧院，她想知道剧院是否物有所值。她最近在Playgoer博客上的一篇文章中写道，剧院的大部分内容“没有任何作用……没有让我有任何感觉”。)”可知，第4段引用了Abigail Katz的话是为了指出剧院未能吸引观众。故选C。
39．
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“I believe what today’s potential arts audiences most want out of an arts event is the opportunity to co-author meaning. They don’t want the arts; they want the experience. They want to gain the cultural rights by forming and exchanging opinions that are valued in the community.(我相信，今天潜在的艺术观众最希望从艺术活动中得到的是共同表达意义的机会。他们不想要艺术;他们想要体验。他们希望通过形成和交换在社区中有价值的意见来获得文化权利。)”可知，剧院应该把观众的参与感放在第一位。故选A。
40．A
41．C
42．B
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是卡塔尔花费大量精力打造的高科技草皮的一些事实。
40．
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Qatar, a desert nation, had three main challenges: water, air and light. It got almost every condition going against it.(卡塔尔是一个沙漠国家，面临着三大挑战:水、空气和光线。几乎所有的条件都对它不利。)”，倒数第二段的“Qatar identified pitch (球场) quality as a particular issue and set up the Aspire Sport Turf Research and Development Centre to find the best types of grass for use in the harsh climate, testing 24 different varieties. Eventually, Atlas Turf’s grass was chosen as much for its appearance as its tolerance for the tough conditions Qatar faces.(卡塔尔认为球场质量是一个特别的问题，并建立了Aspire运动草坪研发中心，以寻找适合恶劣气候的最佳草种，测试了24种不同的草种。最终，Atlas Turf的草被选中，不仅是因为它的外观，还因为它对卡塔尔面临的艰苦条件的耐受力。)”及图画中的“Technology in the grass(草里的科技)”可知，从文章中我们可以了解到卡塔尔不利于草生长的条件，草坪的供应商，卡塔尔为选择最合适的草坪所做的努力和制作草皮所涉及的技术，即①③④⑤，故选A。
41．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Eventually, Atlas Turf’s grass was chosen as much for its appearance as its tolerance for the tough conditions Qatar faces.(最终，Atlas Turf的草被选中，不仅是因为它的外观，还因为它对卡塔尔面临的艰苦条件的耐受力。)”和第二段的“Because of the desert sun, Qatar’s stadiums were built for maximum shade—great for preventing heatstroke, but less ideal for photosynthesis (光合作用).(由于沙漠的阳光，卡塔尔的体育场都是为了最大程度的遮阳而建造的——这对防止中暑很有帮助，但对光合作用就不太理想了。)”可知，选择Atlas Turf的草可能是因为它是耐阴的，故选C。
42．
细节理解题。根据图中的文字“Artificial threads: They are sewn 18 centimeters deep into the natural turf, which enables faster recovery of the turf.(人工线：在天然草皮上缝18厘米深，可以更快地恢复草皮。)”可知，草皮的损坏可以很快恢复。故选B。
43．B
44．D
45．A
46．C
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是荷兰夫妇创建浮动农场的由来及其发展的必要性，并在其影响下开发新的可持续发展的农业项目。
43．
细节理解题。根据首段中的“In addition to helping nourish (滋养) the local community, the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the climate crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how—and where—they produce food. 除了帮助滋养当地社区，这家水上农场还在全球讨论中发挥着作用，讨论气候危机如何促使农民重新考虑如何以及在哪里生产粮食。)”可知，该项目引发了全球气候危机情况下，如何以及在哪里生产食物的讨论，由此可知，该水上农场是气候危机时代新型农业的典范。故选B项。
44．
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on water in the city, which is 90% below sea level. The Wingerdens’ Floating Farm was a new but necessary attempt. Should a weather crisis arise, a waterborne farm isn’t necessarily stuck in place.(从办公楼到整个社区，这座城市的一切都建在水面上，而这座城市的海平面低于90%。翁格登夫妇的水上农场是一个新的但必要的尝试。如果出现天气危机，水上农场并不一定会被困在原地。)”可知，鹿特丹一切都建在低于海平面90%的水上，浮动农场是一个新的但必要的尝试，由此可知，水上设施对鹿特丹的未来是必要的。故选D项。
45．
词义猜测题。根据尾段中的“cities need to have areas where you can say: OK, this is the experimental zone.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling off is of a different order than the typical sustainability measures. “We are not innovative,” he says.(城市需要有这样的区域，你可以说:好吧，这是试验区。”因为彼得和他的团队所采取的措施与典型的可持续发展措施的顺序不同。“我们缺乏创新，”他说。)”可知，在一块试验区，彼得和他的团队正在实施的与典型的可持续措施不同，他们所创建的已经超出了创新，由此可猜测，这是用一种大胆而又不寻常的方式的思考。故选A项。
46．
主旨大意题。根据首段中的“The modernist structure houses 40 cows, who collectively produce some 200 gallons of milk a day. In addition to helping nourish (滋养) the local community, the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the climate crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how—and where—they produce food.(这座现代主义建筑容纳了40头奶牛，它们每天总共生产大约200加仑的牛奶。除了帮助滋养当地社区，这家水上农场还在全球讨论中发挥着作用，讨论气候危机如何促使农民重新考虑如何以及在哪里生产粮食)”以及全文对浮动农场的讨论可知，浮动农场除了滋养着当地的社区，还引发了全球对气候危机农业何去何从的讨论，所以“海上奶牛是农业的未来吗”以问题的形式表明本文对水上农场的讨论，且概括了文章的主题。故选C项。
2023届上海市宝山区高考二模英语试题
56．C
57．B
58．B
59．D
【导语】
本文是说明文。主要介绍了什么是数字健康以及它的优缺点。
56．
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Digital health refers to the system of interconnected devices that can monitor and report important health information. Doctors can then use that information to ensure that your treatment is tailor-made to your situation.(数字健康是指可以监测和报告重要健康信息的互联设备系统。然后，医生可以使用这些信息来确保你的治疗是为你的情况量身定制的)”结合后文讲了数字健康的优点和缺点可知，本文主要介绍医疗保健的技术趋势——数字健康。故选C项。
57．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the first quarter of 2020, US$3.1 billion in new investments poured into the digital health industry, setting a new investment record.(2020年第一季度，31亿美元的新投资涌入数字健康行业，创造了新的投资纪录)”可知，2020年前三个月用于数字卫生的资金大幅增加。故选B项。
58．
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today, around 2.5 billion devices have voice interfaces like Alexa, which enable the devices to produce and understand speech. As a result, users can communicate with these devices about their health needs by speaking instead of typing on a computer. Seniors, for example, can use Alexa to check their daily schedules and receive reminders to take their medicine.(如今，大约有25亿台设备拥有像Alexa这样的语音接口，使设备能够产生和理解语音。因此，用户可以通过说话而不是在电脑上打字来与这些设备交流他们的健康需求。例如，老年人可以使用Alexa来查看他们的日常日程安排，并收到吃药的提醒)”可知，这篇文章解释了Alexa如何帮助老年人。故选B项。
59．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Advances in digital health, however, also bring privacy concerns. Information regarding your health could be used for advertising or marketing, for example. If health records are accessible online, protecting your information from theft and unauthorized use might be difficult. (然而，数字健康的进步也带来了隐私问题。例如，关于你健康的信息可以用于广告或营销。如果健康记录可以在线访问，保护您的信息不被窃取和未经授权的使用可能会很困难)”可知，根据本文关于数字健康的一个担忧是个人健康数据可能被窃取的危险。故选D项。
60．A
61．D
62．B
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。选自某公司的会议聊天截图，主要是员工们分享发起广告宣传活动后的最新业务进展。
60．
细节理解题。根据“Sure. Our sales saw a slight increase of 5% this last month. (好的。上个月我们的销售额略有增长，增长了5%。)”可知，卡米拉所在地区的销售额有提升。故选A。
61．
细节理解题。根据“We should rethink when and where we play the commercials. The sales increases are coming mainly from younger people. Maybe we should focus more on social media outlets rather than the traditional and more expensive methods like television.( 我们应该重新考虑何时何地播放广告。销售额的增长主要来自年轻人。也许我们应该更多地关注社交媒体，而不是像电视这样传统且更昂贵的方法。)”可知，鲍勃认为，通过社交媒体做广告能更好地利用金钱是因为他们的目标受众的偏好。故选D。
62．
细节理解题。根据“I think the emotional aspect of the ad is working.(我认为广告的情感方面是有效的。)”可知，根据文章，广告特别有效之处在于能在情感上吸引人。故选B。
63．C
64．B
65．A
66．B
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市下方看不见的管道网络：下水道。
63．
词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“wastewater and solid waste away (废水和固体废物)”可知，根据句意为“水流入管道，将多余的雨水、废水和固体废物运走，保持城市清洁”。由此可知，划线词excess意为“多余的”。A. useless无用的；B. polluted被污染过的；C. extra额外的；D. processed处理过的。故选C。
64．
推理判断题。根据第三段“Water containing human and industrial waste is collected in sanitary sewers and conveyed to sewage treatment plants, the heart of the sewer system, where waste is treated.(含有人类和工业废物的水被收集在卫生下水道中，并被输送到污水处理厂，污水处理厂是下水道系统的核心，在那里对废物进行处理)”可推知，台北建造卫生下水道是为了处理废水；根据第四段“When an extreme weather event like a severe storm or typhoon brings heavy rain, storm sewers must cope with the water, so it does not flood the city. (当严重风暴或台风等极端天气事件带来暴雨时，雨水下水道必须能够处理这些水，这样就不会淹没城市)”可推知，建造雨水下水道是为了抵御洪水。故选B。
65．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Far below every town and city lies an invisible network of pipes crucial to the lives of their residents.(在每个城镇的下方，都有一个无形的管道网络，对居民的生活至关重要)”和最后一段“Who knew that sewers help improve urban public health, prevent urban flooding and boost environmental protection Together they protect vital water resources and maintain the safety of people and property.(谁知道下水道有助于改善城市公共卫生、防止城市洪水和促进环境保护？它们共同保护重要的水资源，维护人民和财产的安全)”可知，在城市下方的下水道对居民的生活至关重要。由此推知，看不见的和看到的一样重要。故选A。
66．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Far below every town and city lies an invisible network of pipes crucial to the lives of their residents. (在每个城镇的下方，都有一个无形的管道网络，对居民的生活至关重要)”可知，本文主要介绍了城市下方的看不见的管道网络。由此可知，B项“A City’s Hidden Network (城市的隐藏网络)”适合作本文标题。故选B。
2023届上海市松江区高考二模英语试题
56．B
57．C
58．A
59．C
【导语】
本文是说明文。文章主要讲述要想弥合父母和青少年之间的代沟，父母要多了解孩子。
56．
推理判断题。根据第二段“It is being promoted by its publisher as the first self-help guide by teenagers for their parents, a kind of Kids Are From Mars, Parents Are From Venus that de-mystifies the language and actions of teenagers. (这本书被出版商宣传为第一本青少年写给父母的自助指南，有点像《孩子来自火星，父母来自金星》，揭开了青少年语言和行为的神秘面纱。)”可知，《孩子来自火星，父母来自金星》被提到是因为它和《打破密码》都是以弥合父母和青少年之间的代沟为主题。故选B。
57．
推理判断题。根据第二段“Ms. Frankel and Ms. Fox, both 17, are the authors of Breaking the Code, a new book that seeks to bridge the generational divide between parents and adolescents. (弗兰克尔和福克斯都是17岁，是《打破密码》的作者，这本新书旨在弥合父母和青少年之间的代沟。)”可知，弗兰克尔和福克斯用她们的书让父母们更好的了解他们的孩子们。故选C。
58．
细节理解题。根据第三段“The most common missteps in interacting with teenagers, they instructed me, result from the conflict between parents maintaining their right to know what goes on under their roof and teenagers striving to guard their privacy. (他们告诉我，在与青少年互动时，最常见的错误，源于父母维护自己知道家里发生了什么的权利，而青少年则努力保护自己的隐私的冲突。)”可知，导致孩子和父母之间的冲突的是孩子想要保护自己的隐私。故选A。
59．
推理判断题。根据最后一段““What we want above all is your approval,” they write. “Don’t forget, no matter how much we act as if we don’t care what you say, we believe the things you say about us.”(他们写道：“我们最想要的是你的批准。别忘了，无论我们表现得多么不在乎你说什么，我们都相信你对我们说的话。”)”可知，父母的观点和态度对孩子的很重要。故选C。
60．B
61．D
62．D
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了五个适合春天去的旅游目的地。
60．
细节理解题。根据第三段“The Netherlands is well-known for its vast fields of flowers, making spring a perfect time for a Dutch holiday. The tulip fields in the Noordoostpolder are a must, as well as flower fields in Flevoland and Kop van Noord-Holland.(荷兰以其广阔的花田而闻名，春天是荷兰人度假的最佳时机。Noordoostpolder的郁金香田是必去之地，Flevoland和Kop van Noord-Holland的花田也是必去之地)”可知，如果一个人想要赏花，他很可能会去荷兰。故选B。
61．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Just outside of Paris are the impressive castles and country houses of Sceaux, where the cherry blossom can easily be seen in spring.(巴黎郊外有令人印象深刻的城堡和乡村别墅，春天樱花盛开)”以及最后一段“Due to its impossibly preserved Gothic architecture, Prague is widely regard