【绝密绝招 考前添分指导】2014湖北高考——多项选择指导（精讲精析）

多项选择题解题方法指导
(一)语言特点和命题特点
湖北高考英语多项选择题旨在“测试考生理解 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )运用英语词汇知识的能力”。基于这种考试理念，加上若干年的考试实践，湖北的“多项选择题”具有以下鲜明的语言特点和命题特点：
1. 内容新颖 贴近现实社会、生活等相关 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )方面。如：Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to sponsor our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.(2012, 21)
2. 语言地道 原味浓，呈现出较明显的英 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语书面文句表达形式。如：The old engineer’s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was steady, though slow.(2011, 23)
3. 结构复杂 很多句子 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结构较复杂，与汉语思维及其表达方式相距较远。如：As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of alternative energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel. (2009, 27)
4. 语境明显 词义通过语境来呈现， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )体现“词”不离“境”、“词”为“境”用的语言规则。如：“Tommy, run！Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with panic clearly in her voice. (2011, 21)
5. 词类稳定 基本固定在名词、动词、短语动词、形容词、副词、介词(短语)等范围之内。近三年词类考查分布情况如下：
短语动词 动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词(短语)
2011年 29题 26、27、28题 21、22题 23、24、25题 30题
2012年 23、24题 21、22题 29、30题 27、28题 26题 25题
2013年 25、26题 23、24题 21、22题 27、28题 29题 30题
6. 能力考查 不少题句有思辨、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )论说倾向，考生需调用哲理思考的空间进行分析，从而能有效地考查学生的词汇理解能力、运用能力以及逻辑推理能力。如：Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also limit our thinking. (2011, 26)
(二)解题方法
湖北高考英语多项选择题考查考生对词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(短语)的理解，把它们放在具体的语言环境中去实际使用。它并不是如有人理解的那样只是简单的词义辨析，它更多的是考查考生结合题干所给的语境，抓住关键信息词去选用一个合适的词(短语)来表达一个完整的语句意义。从这个意义上讲，每个句子都是一个微型的语境，因而从考生解题的层面上讲，理解词义是根本，读懂语境是前提，找准“题眼”是技巧。
下面我们结合2013年湖北卷多项选择题具体来谈谈我们在复习备考过程中要学会的几种解题方法。
1. 语境分析法 语境分析是指拿到题目后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，要分析和把握题干所提供的基本句意。其方法是根据句子结构、句中的连接词等，找到关键信息，锁定与这个关键信息相匹配的一个选项。如：
例1：【2013湖北】
22. Carbon di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oxide, which makes a ______ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
A. difference B. comparison
C. connection D. barrier
【分析】 本题关键信息词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )us and the sun, heat, atmosphere；解题思维指向：“二氧化碳隔热”的话题；解题关键词prevent。四个选项从结构上讲都可与make构成固定短语，但把prevent与相关的几个关键信息一起考虑的时候，我们就可以排除前三个的可能性。根据后边的prevents heat from…可知二氧化碳是太阳和我们之间的一个屏障。答案为D。
例2： 【2013湖北】
27. People complain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often ______ rather than based on fixed criteria.
A. appropriate B. conscious
C. arbitrary D. controversial
【分析】本题关键信息词complain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), approve, deny, rather than based on；解题思维指向：“人们处事的方式”的话题；解题关键词fixed criteria。appropriate合适的，恰当的；conscious自觉的，有意识的；arbitrary随意的，武断的；controversial有争议的，引起争议的。根据后文“rather than based on fixed criteria而不是基于一些固定的标准”可知，C项是符合句意的。答案为C。
例3：【2013湖北】
29. Don’t defend ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )him any more. It’s obvious that he ______ destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.
A. accidentally B. carelessly
C. deliberately D. clumsily
【分析】 本题关键信息词don’t defend, any more, apology； 解题思维指向：“不肯原谅(过错)”的话题；解题关键词even without。在四个选项中，A、B、D都表示的是无恶意的、非人为因素所致的意义，只有deliberately才与整个语境相符——不仅故意破坏，甚至连道歉也没有。答案为C。
2. 信息照应法 信息照应指的是在题干 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )里前后有几个词在意义上互相映射，或为同(近)义，或为反义，或为关联，正是几个词之间的这种关系，使得承载的信息引导我们去进行四选一的选择。如：
例1：【2013湖北】
23. While intellig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent people can often ______ the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
A. sacrifice B. substitute
C. simplify D. survive
【分析】本题信息关键词是intelligent people, complex, fool, simple；解题思维指向：“智者与愚者处理事情”的话题；解题关键词complicate。根据“a fool is more likely to complicate the simple”，不难看出其相反的话语，从而找到与complicate意义相反的词语simplify。complicate正好对应simplify。而sacrifice牺牲；substitute代替；survive幸存，皆不具有与complicate相反的意义。答案为C。
例2：【2013湖北】 28. He ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )didn’t selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a ______ contribution to help the community.
A. commercial B. generous
C. comparable D. profitable
【分析】 本题关键信息词是didn’t keep, instead, contribution；解题思维指向：“对人的品质评价”的话题。本句先讲到“他不是自私地贪图钱财” 后面进一步语气一转，说出与之对应的行为，自然是“慷慨”的赠送。本题解题关键词是selfishly，前面的selfish与后面的generous意义上正好相对，信息照应。答案为B。
3. 情理推论法 所谓情理推 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )论是指答题时根据题干中的信息，在四个选项中选出一个合乎句子所描述情景的答案。往往是句子或是某些关键词表示了明显的事实情况，答题时需要进行合乎逻辑的推理和判断，才能答对。如：
例1：【2013湖北】24. Acco ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rding to the law, all foreigners have to ______ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.
A. associate B. dispute
C. negotiate D. register
【分析】 本题关键信息词是law, for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eigners, have to；解题思维指向：“外国人入境手续”的话题；解题关键词local police。根据相关信息词和常规情理可知，外国人在到达异地时，与当地警察不可能是“谈判(negotiate)”或是 “争论(dispute)”。再把“联系(associate)”与 “登记(register)”比较一下，“登记(register)”更符合情理。答案为D。
例2： 【2013湖北】 3 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )0. An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ______ a long lost antique Greek vase.
A. at random B. by chance
C. in turn D. on occasion
【分析】 本题的关键信息词是trave ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ling, ferry；解题思维指向：“发现古玩”的话题；解题关键词discover。按照正常的逻辑，发现应为“偶然的、无意的”，不可能有“随意、随便”之说。另外，既然是发现一个花瓶，就不可能存在“依次” “偶尔”发现的可能性。答案为B。
4. 词义辨析法 词义辨析是指把意义相近或在相似语境中可能出现的词语放在一起进行比较。
例 1： 【2013湖北】21. Po ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etry written from the ______ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
A. perspective B. priority
C. participation D. privilege
【分析】 本题的关键信息词是poetry ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), reveal, anxiety, a lack of；解题思维指向：“诗文”的话题；解题关键词tend to。四个选项中，perspective观点，视角；priority优先权，最重要的事情；participation参与，参加；privilege特权，优惠待遇。根据它们不同的意义并结合语境可知，只有perspective才能把句子的意义表达清楚。即：以都市青年为视角的诗往往会展示他们缺乏归宿感的这种焦虑。答案为A。
例 2： 【2013湖北】 25. Butt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erflies ______ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.
A. carry on B. feed on
C. put on D. focus on
【分析】本题的关键信息词是liquid, flowers, bees, insects；解题思维指向：“动物生活”的话题。解题关键词collect； 这四个选项中， carry on 继续； feed on 以……为食； put on 穿上；focus on集中注意力于……。根据话题内容，feed on才是与之有关的词语。句意：蝴蝶会以蜜蜂和其它昆虫收集来的花朵中产生的甜味的液体为食。答案为B。
例 3：【2013湖北】 26. I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n much of the animal world, night is the time ______ for sleep—pure and simple.
A. set aside B. set down
C. set off D. set up
【分析】本题关键信息词是night, time；解题思维指向：“动物生活”的话题；解题关键词sleep。四个选项中，set aside 留出来，抽出时间；set down写下，记下；set off 出发，动身；set up建立。本句较短，不难迅速看出其句意为：在动物的大部分世界中，夜晚是留出来用于睡觉的时间——纯净而简单。答案为A。
多项选择专练
（一）
1. Even though you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have only basic knowledge of first aid, you can make a great ______ to others’ life before the doctors are sent to help when an accident occurs.
A. impression B. permission C. function D. difference
2. Earthquakes are very common in Japan. As a result, the Japanese people’s ______ of safety is extremely strong. They start training in how to act in earthquakes when they’re in kindergarten.
A. awareness B. privilege C. perspective D. performance
3. From cars to mobile phones, from glasses to furniture, from clothes to buildings, the designs are based on simplicity, ______ the simple way of life in this small but rich country.
A. conveying B. reflecting C. transforming D. encouraging
4. Alice Munro, an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 82-year-old Canadian author, known as “master of the modern short story”, was ______ the Nobel Prize for Literature for her works in 2013, making her the 13th woman to receive the literature prize in the world.
A. appreciate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d B. admired C. awarded D. rewarded
5. Having st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )udied at Beijing Normal University for four years, Nancy made up her mind to ______ her job as a teacher in Tibet because of the eyes of those poor children that were eager for knowledge.
A. make up B. take up
C. set up D. put up
6. Something as simp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le as clean-up, is not only to get the cabin clean in the campsite, but also to promote the spirit of team-work which in turn ______ friendship among children.
A. adapts to B. takes to C. keeps to D. leads to
7. Nowadays, when you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) want to read news around the world, you are more ______ to open up your laptop than pick up a newspaper.
A. likely B. potential C. possible D. probable
8. While China’s recent economic data have cheered up the country’s markets, many economists remain _______ about whether the economic recovery will carry on throughout the rest of the year.
A. curious ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. conscious C. precious D. cautious
9. The programs aimed at youngsters’ growing waistline are continuously appearing all over the country, which shows that the threat to children’s health is being taken ______.
A. slightly B. seriously C. naturally D. normally
10. According to the 2013 World Happiness Report, people in Northern Europe are more generous to each other and always have someone to depend on in times of trouble. ______, their countries are less affected by corruption.
A. In turn B. In place C. In addition D. In return
（二）
1. We are now presse ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d for time and haven’t the ______ to hear such an empty talk, so everyone attending the discussion should come to the point.
A. privilege B. attention C. patience D. measure
2. The city of D ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )alian has developed really fast in the last five years; it has changed so greatly that it’s beyond ______.
A. recognition ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. immigration C. contribution D. consideration
3. The project was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a great success though we met with lots of difficulties, so I, on behalf of our manager, will take advantage of the party to express our sincere thanks to all those ______.
A. determined ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. occupied C. gifted D. involved
4. A large number ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of scientists, such as Einstein and Marie Curie, didn’t ______ great importance to fame and money in history. Instead, they devoted all their lives to their work.
A. adapt B. attach C. acknowledge D. apply
5. According to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e plan, which is called China’s toughest-ever anti-pollution measures, 338 cities will be required to ______ the emissions of carbon dioxide to make sure of a blue sky.
A. cut down ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. set down C. put down D. break down
6. When Neymar j ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oined Barcelona this summer, people naturally doubted whether he could ______ Messi peacefully, whom he is always compared to, and also whether he’d be willing to accept the minor role.
A. come up with B. get away with C. get along with D. end up with
7. The rece ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt study has shown that most people’s attitudes towards protecting the environment are not ______ with their daily behavior. In other words, what they do isn’t in agreement with what they say.
A. familiar B. sensitive C. consistent D. enthusiastic
8. As a simple ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and convenient way to get the latest fashions, online shopping also has a ______ problem—we can’t see whether they fit or not.
A. frequent B. major C. steady D. valuable
9. Both exports and imports recorded ______ high growth rates after sharp declines in June. Customs data showed that China’s foreign trade grew by 7.8% in July from a year earlier, compared with a decline of 2% in June.
A. consequen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tly B. tentatively C. deliberately D. unexpectedly
10. Even though ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the government has taken a series of strict measures to control house prices, the houses in big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai are still largely ______ for ordinary families, not to mention those low-income families.
A. out of reach B. out of control C. out of order D. out of place
参考答案：
（一）1-5 DABCB 6-10 DADBC
（二）1-5 CADBA 6-10 CCBDA