(共38张PPT)
第一讲 细节理解题——据文比对定答案
细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重,而且此类题型相对比较简单,只需要根据题干中的关键词,回到原文中定位信息区间,稍加比对,就能得出答案。因此,对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对,力争不丢分,保住基本分才能得高分。
清迷点扫盲点·提升审题能力
练重点练难点·创新应用体验
清迷点扫盲点
提升审题能力
知答题方略
“两关注”“一防范”巧解细节理解题
1.两关注:关注正确选项的特征:一是同义词替换或释义,即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面,来表达相同的意思;二是对文章信息的综合理解和推断归纳。
2.一防范:防范干扰选项的逼真性,稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。在做间接信息题时,要根据所找信息,分析选项,对比其中所用词汇,避免误选答案。必要时要对原文信息进行归结,然后比对选项,进而选出正确答案。
明命题方式
直接细节题常见设问方式:
◆Which activity will you choose if...?
◆What will you/the students do...?
◆When can you...?
◆Where can you...?
◆Who will...?
间接细节题常见设问方式:
◆Which of the following best describes...?
◆How does the writer recommend...to readers?
◆How many/much...?
技法1直接信息理解题——关键词定位法
在解答直接信息理解题时,考生可采取“关键词定位法”,即“带着问题找答案”。先从题干中提取关键词(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句,快速定位该题与哪一段、哪一句有关,然后仔细推敲,仔细比对所给选项与文中细节的细微区别,在准确理解细节的前提下,最后确定答案。
〖解题流程〗
【典例】 [2022·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读A]
Scholarships
We offer scholarships to low income schools and youth organizations,subject to availability. Participation in a post visit survey is required.
Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices (发票) must be received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship.
21.What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship
A.Prepay the admission fees.
B.Use the Museum's transportation.
C.Take a survey after the visit.
D.Schedule their visit on weekdays.
解析:细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“offered a scholarship”定位到 Scholarships部分中“We offer scholarships to low income schools and youth organizations,subject to availability. Participation in a post visit survey is required.”可知,如果一个团体获得了奖学金,需要参加一个访后的调查问卷。
技法2 间接信息理解题——二次加工慎判定
为了更好地考查考生的语言能力和思维品质,命题人往往会对具体细节信息加以修饰或转换,以间接的方式来考查考生。如果说直接信息理解题是直来直去考,那么间接信息理解题则是拐弯抹角考。直接信息理解题检索出信息就可得出答案,而间接信息理解题需对检索出的信息进行二次加工才能得出答案。
1.同意转换法
使用同根词、同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换关键词,例如使用ask来替换文中的require,使用less different来替换文中的more in common等。
〖解题流程〗
【典例1】 [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A]
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
23.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A.You will receive a zero.
B.You will lose a letter grade.
C.You will be given a test.
D.You will have to rewrite it.
解析:细节理解题。由题干中的关键词“submit”定位到原文关键句为 “If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.” ,比对选项和信息句可知,如果你在截止日期过后一周才上交,你的成绩将会是零分。submit 与turn in为同义转述。
【典例2】 [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B]Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
24.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
解析:细节理解题。由题干中的关键词“the arugula story”定位到信息句“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.”;由此可知,更糟糕的是,作者不假思索地买了太多东西;作者本可以用扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。由此可知,我们有时会无意中浪费食物。 unintentionally与文中的unthinkingly为同义转述。
2.归纳概括考分析综合
为了增加细节信息试题的难度,命题人有时候也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,一个细节信息试题涉及一段或者几段的具体内容,需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。虽然此类试题各个细节信息都能在文章中找到,但需要考生具有一定的概括和归纳能力。
〖解题流程〗
【典例3】 [2021·全国乙卷阅读A]All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D.P.R. Korea.Capacity: 150,000.Opened: May 1, 1989.
·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107,601.Opened: October 1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity: 106,572.Opened: September 17, 1960.
·Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944.Opened: October 7, 1922.
·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U.S. Capacity: 102,512.Opened: September 24, 1927.
22.Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A.Michigan Stadium. B.Beaver Stadium.
C.Ohio Stadium. D.Kyle Field.
解析:分析题干,题干问的是哪个体育场最古老,应定位至文章最后一部分对各个体育场的介绍。然后一一比对信息源:根据该部分的内容可知,四个选项中的体育场分别于1927年、1960年、1922年、1927年开放;综合概括可知,最古老的体育场为Ohio Stadium。
技法3数字计算题——加减乘除巧破解
常涉及时间、年龄、年代、价钱、数量、距离等数字信息的简单加工。计算量较小,比较容易。找出计算背后所隐含的信息并理解文章相应的信息是准确解题的关键。
〖解题流程〗
【典例】 [2022·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读A]
Group Size
We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups of 35 or more,please call to discuss options.
22.How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum
A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.
解析:数字计算题。读题干定位到原文 “We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children.”可知,每10个孩子需要1个监护人,那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人。
练重点练难点
创新应用体验
A
[2022·九江市第三次模拟]Erica James is the author of 23 best selling novels. Now, the romance novelist shares the books that shaped her career.
Three Men in a Boat
Jerome K Jerome
This was the initial book that made me laugh out loud. Anything I'd read previously had been school texts. Reading them was like watching paint dry, but suddenly here was something exciting which clearly shows a great many features of human behaviour. From then on, I fell in love with reading.
A Woman of Substance
Barbara Taylor Bradford
I was a mother when I read this novel and was thoroughly swept up in the rags to riches story of Emma Harte. Barbara created a strong sense of family and it sowed a tiny seed within me that I might create my own work through putting pen to paper.
Saint Maybe
Anne Tyler
Saint Maybe is a sad example of how one small mistake can result in tragedy for a family. As always with Anne Tyler, there's sadness and humor within the pages, but the true strength of this novel lies in the author's ability to write with sympathy.
The Marriage Pact
Michelle Richmond
The Marriage Pact is a psychological thriller, making me be a nicer wife. Jake and Alice are invited to join an exclusive organization called The Pact, which promises to help them have a lasting marriage. I wanted to write a story like it: Great love for life.
1.Which book first made Erica James interested in reading
A.Three Men in a Boat
B.A Woman of Substance
C.Saint Maybe
D.The Marriage Pact
解析:A 细节理解题。根据Three Men in a Boat部分中“From then on, I fell in love with reading. ”可知, Three Men in a Boat让Erica James对阅读产生了兴趣。
2.What is special about A Woman of Substance
A.It is her first book.
B.It makes her more hopeful.
C.It inspires Erica to be a writer.
D.It helps her manage job challenges.
解析:C 细节理解题。根据A Woman of Substance部分中“Barbara created a strong sense of family and it sowed a tiny seed within me that I might create my own work through putting pen to paper.”可知, A Woman of Substance的特别之处是它激励Erica成为一名作家。
3.What do the listed books have in common
A.They share a sad tone.
B.They go against textbooks.
C.They are focused on family problems.
D.They are good influences on Erica's life.
解析:D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Erica James is the author of 23 best selling novels. Now, the romance novelist shares the books that shaped her career. ”可知,这些书的共同点是对Erica James的生活有很好的影响。
B
[2022·连云港市模拟(二)]
Sunshine and Enjoyment in the Caribbean
The perfect balance of sightseeing and relaxation await on your next Caribbean cruise (乘船游览).
Day 1 Miami, USA
It's your first night! You've got a bit of time to have a free walk around the city before heading on your cruise the next morning.
Day 2 Board Sky Princess
Day 3 Princess Cays, Bahamas
Your first stop is at Princess' exclusive (专属的) port of call in the Bahamas. Enjoy a private beach party and get to know other cruisers on your ship or take part in experiences like a stingray encounter or banana boat ride!
Day 4 Relaxing at sea
Day 5 St Thomas, Virgin Islands
Arrive early for a full day of sightseeing and activities. Be wowed by Magens Bay, one of the world's best beaches and definitely photo worthy, or go on the Skyride to Paradise Point to experience broad views, 700ft above sea level.
Day 6 St Maarten
Prepare yourself for the unique split of French and Dutch cultures on this wonderful island. Choose to explore the historic capitals of Philipsburg and Marigot or relax and bathe yourself in the sun on one of the beautiful beaches.
Day 7~8 Relaxing at sea
Day 9~10 Getting off Sky Princess
Transfer to the airport for your overnight flight home.
Your exclusive TRAILFINDERS
holiday includes
※ Direct flights
※ 1 night 4★ Miami hotel
※ 7 night cruise aboard Sky Princess incl full board, Premier Beverage Package, unlimited wi fi & crew appreciation.
※ Private transfers
10 day holiday from BALCONY STATEROOM £1,799 MINI SUITE WITH BALCONY£2,049
4.How many stops are there during the cruise
A.3. B.4. C.7. D.10.
解析:A 细节理解题。根据Day 3 Princess Cays, Bahamas部分“Your first stop is at Princess' exclusive (专属的) port of call in the Bahamas.”, Day 5 St Thomas, Virgin Islands部分“Arrive early for a full day of sightseeing and activities. ”以及Day 6 St Maarten部分“Prepare yourself for the unique split of French and Dutch cultures on this wonderful island.”可知,乘船游览期间一共有三站。
5.Which of the following places offers culture experiences
A.Miami, USA.
B.Princess Cays, Bahamas.
C.St Maarten.
D.St Thomas, Virgin Islands.
解析:C 细节理解题。根据Day 6 St Maarten部分“Prepare yourself for the unique split of French and Dutch cultures on this wonderful island. ”可知, St Maarten这一站会提供文化体验。
6.What information is missing in this advertisement
A.The cost.
B.The contact information.
C.The route.
D.The transportation vehicles.
解析:B 细节理解题。根据表格右下角“BALCONY STATEROOM £1,799 MINI SUITE WITH BALCONY £2,049”, TRAILFINDERS部分“Direct flights”以及表格中每天的行程路线安排可知,广告中提到了费用,路线和运输工具,没有提到联络人信息。