高考英语二轮专题复习专题四：语法填 第一节　介词、冠词和代词 ：语法填 空课件(共74张PPT)

(共74张PPT)
第一节　介词、冠词和代词
练重点练难点·创新应用体验
如何判断填冠词
典例印证
【典例】　[2022·全国乙卷]May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61.by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62.________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
the
第一步：确定填冠词　分析句子成分可知，空处有名词festival。
第二步：判断特指还是泛指　此处指上文提到过的“the first International Tea Day”，故用表示特指的定冠词。
解题攻略
*第一步：确定是否填冠词
首先，分析句子结构，看空格后是否有名词。
*第二步：判断特指还是泛指
①若空格后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑不定冠词a/an；
②若发现空格后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑定冠词the；
③看看是否是固定搭配典例。
1.[2022·大同市高三学情调研]The 18 year old, who also goes by her Chinese name, Gu Ailing, is a freestyle skier, model and grade A student with ________ American father and a Chinese mother.
答案与解析：an　考查不定冠词。句意：这位18岁的中国女孩名叫谷爱凌，是一名自由式滑雪运动员、模特和优等生，她的父亲是美国人，母亲是中国人。father为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且American发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。
2．[2022·沈阳市郊联体模拟二]At a time when war and violence often monopolize our news cycles, the International Day of Peace is ________ inspiring reminder of what we can create together PEACE.
答案与解析：an　考查不定冠词。句意：在战争和暴力经常垄断我们的新闻周期的时候，国际和平日是一个鼓舞人心的提醒，提醒我们可以共同创造什么——和平。空格后有可数名词单数reminder，句子是泛指的意思，空格后inspiring的第一个音素是元音音素，故填an。
3．[2022·泰安市高考全真模拟]So enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum also becomes ________ essential activity in this festival.
答案与解析：an　考查冠词。句意：所以赏菊也成为了节日里一个必不可少的活动。activity是可数名词的单数形式，且表泛指， essential是元音音素开头，故填an。
4．[2022·汕头市三模]The 49 year old singer and composer has surprisingly become ________ online hit for livestreaming fitness routines from his home.
答案与解析：an　考查冠词。可数名词单数hit“轰动一时的成功人物”为泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定，所连接的单词online发音以元音音素开头， an online hit意为“网红”，故填an。
5.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]While you're in China，Mount Huangshan is ________ must to visit!
答案与解析：a　句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是辅音音素开头的词，故填a。
6．[2022·黄冈中学高三适应性考试]China has the largest outbound tourists market. Indeed, more than 71 million Chinese tourists travelled abroad in 2018, 15 percent more than ________ previous year.
答案与解析：the　考查冠词。句意：事实上，2018年有7 100多万中国游客出国旅游，比前一年增加了15%。特指前一年，故填the。
7．[2022·江苏省连云港市模拟二]In ________ 1920s and 1930s, he collected around 400，000 seeds from five continents.
答案与解析：the　考查冠词。句意：在20世纪二三十年代，他从五大洲收集了大约40万颗种子。In the 1920s and 1930s在20世纪二三十年代，固定搭配。
8．[2022·山东省百师联盟联考]By protecting and restoring these coastal ecosystems, we can avoid enormous amounts of stored blue carbon going back into ________ atmosphere, and safeguard wildlife living in these ecosystems.
答案与解析：the　考查冠词。句意：通过保护和恢复这些沿海生态系统，我们可以避免大量储存的蓝色碳回到大气中，并保护生活在这些生态系统中的野生动物。由句意可知，此处特指地球的大气层，所以名词前加定冠词the。
9．[2022·湖南师大附中模拟二]They have gained ________ full understanding of the outside world, and after several rounds of comparison, have finally found themselves to be in a strong position.
答案与解析：a　考查冠词。句意：他们对外面的世界有了充分的了解，经过几轮的比较，终于发现自己处于优势地位。a full understanding of“对……有充分的了解”，故填a。
10．[2022·武汉市五月模拟]After 82 days, cycling ________ total of 5，600 km, he finally got to Mount Qomolangma, passing through six provinces and regions.
答案与解析：a　考查冠词。句意：经过82天的骑行，总共5 600公里，他终于到达珠穆朗玛峰，途经六个省和地区。短语a total of 意为“总共”，故填a。
11．[2022·烟台市考前热身]That led to ________ increasing number of Chinese brands joining the trend and creating a wave of China Chic.
答案与解析：an　考查冠词。句意：这导致越来越多的中国品牌加入这一潮流，并掀起了一波“中国风”。根据句意和increasing number of可知，此处应用不定冠词，短语an increasing number of 表示“越来越多……”。
快捷思维
1.不定冠词a、 an
分析句子结构， 发现空格后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑不定冠词a/an。
(1)在文中第一次提到可数名词单数时，表泛指时，用不定冠词a/an；
(2)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”时，用不定冠词a/an；
(3) a一般用于发音以辅音音素开头的名词前，an一般用于发音以元音音素开头的名词前(注意：并不是指辅音字母或者元音字母开头的单词)。
①一些以辅音字母开头，但是发元音的单词如：honour, hour, honest等用an；
②一些以元音字母开头，但是发辅音的单词如：university, useful, useless, united, European, one way等用a。
2.定冠词the
分析句子结构， 发现空格后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑定冠词the。
用定冠词the的常考点：
①特指某人或某事；
②用在序数词或最高级前或有only, very, same 等修饰的名词前；
③用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前；
④用在乐器名词前；
⑤用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
3．固定搭配中的冠词
固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前用冠词
(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：
at the same time, on the contrary, to tell the truth, in the distance, make the most/best of, on the spot等。
(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如：
catch a cold, have a fever, all of a sudden, as a matter of fact, as a result, have a gift for, make a living, give sb. a lift, have a good knowledge of等。
(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位。
如何判断填代词
典例印证
【典例】　[2022·全国乙卷]The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 70.________ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
its
第一步：确定填代词　分析句子成分可知，空格在名词之前，作定语。
第二步：判断代词的形式　it指代前面提到的The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum，由后面的first exhibition可知，此处要填形容词性物主代词。
解题攻略
*第一步：确定是否填代词
首先，分析句子结构，发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时，应考虑用it。
*第二步：判断是否指代上文中提到的人或物
分析句子结构，发现指代上文中所提到的人或物时，应考虑用相应的代词。代词分为有提示词、无提示词两种形式。
典例导引
1.[2022·泰安市三模]While many called this region the Southern Ocean, some scientists called ________ the Antarctic Ocean, others said Austral Ocean.
答案与解析：it　考查代词。句意：虽然很多人称这个地区为南大洋，但一些科学家称其为南冰洋，另一些科学家称其为南极海。空处指代上文的“this region”作宾语，需用代词it。
2．[2022·唐山市一模]It will take some time to popularize the new travel trend and the prices must remain competitive to ensure that regular tourists can afford ________．
答案与解析：them　考查代词。句意：要普及这种新的旅游趋势还需要一段时间，而且价格必须保持竞争力，以确保普通游客能够负担得起。分析句意可知，这里指代的是复数名词prices且动词afford后接宾语，所以用人称代词的宾格形式。
3．[2022·广东省2月联考]To this climate phenomenon, there is a folk saying that ________ will rain when the dragon raises its head.
答案与解析：it　考查代词。句意：对于这种气候现象，有一个民间谚语说龙抬起头就会下雨。根据句意，此处用it指代天气。
4．[2022·广州市综合测试二]In such festivals, people create projects and present ________ to judges. There are two rules: the project must be made of food, and it must be based on a book.
答案与解析：them　考查代词。根据句意：在这些节日中，人们创作出项目并向评委展示他们。此处present为及物动词，后面缺少宾语，故填them，指代前面的projects。
5．[2022·名校联盟高三大联考]“China's successful conservation of giant pandas shows ________ can be achieved with joint efforts，” he continued.
答案与解析：it　考查代词。句意：中国保护大熊猫的成功表明，通过共同努力是可以实现的。根据句意，应填入代词it，指代前文conservation of giant pandas，作宾语从句主语。
6．[2022·沈阳二中二模]If they had had any knowledge of Yuan who worked devotedly for our country, they wouldn't have made such pessimistic evaluations. Why did the Chinese people make ________？
答案与解析：it　考查代词。句意：为什么中国人做成了？根据句意可知， make it表示某人做成某事。
7．[2022·湖北省八市3月联考]Also, the lecture is an eye opener and I actually have developed an appreciation of the devotion and hard work ________ takes to create art.
答案与解析：it　考查代词。句意：此外，这次讲座让我大开眼界，实际上，我已经开始欣赏创作艺术所需要的奉献和辛勤工作。此处为句型it takes/took sth. to do sth.，表示“做某事需要……”。
8．[2022·山东省日照市一模]Well, ________ turns out that there's an answer to this cute spring phenomenon.
答案与解析：it　考查it的用法。句意：事实证明，这个可爱的春天现象是有答案的。分析句子可知，空处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
9.[2022·苏州八校三模]After graduation he began to take part in the PLA Air Force's selection of astronaut candidates and was finally selected with ________ 13 male aviators (飞行员)．
答案与解析：another　考查形容词(不定代词)。句意：毕业后，他开始参加中国人民解放军空军的航天员选拔工作，最终与另外13名男性航天员一起入选。根据句意和后文“13 male aviators”可知，此处应用形容词another修饰名词，表示“另外13名男性航天员”。
10．[2022·鞍山市第二次监测]He said the concept of the 2022 opening ceremony was totally different from ________ of the 2008 Summer Games.
答案与解析：that　考查代词。句意：他说，2022年奥运会开幕式的概念与2008年夏季奥运会完全不同。空白处指the concept，表示2008年的夏季奥运会的理念。所以用代词that，表示同类异物，特指，故填that。
11．[2022·广州市综合测试二]Some people love to read books. They can't get enough of the printed word. ________ have a big appetite for making and eating food.
答案与解析：Others　考查代词 句意：有些人喜欢读书。 他们对印刷的文字爱不释手， 有些人对制作和食用食物有很大的欲望。考查“some...others...”固定用法。
快捷思维
1.句意清，指代明
无提示词类填空， 当句中缺少主语或宾语时， 一般要填代词， 主要包括不定代词和it。
①如果空格前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作主语，可根据代指的情况用he，she或者it。
②如果空格前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作宾语，可根据代指的情况用him，her或者it。
③如果空格前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作主语，填they。
④如果空格前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作宾语，填them。
2．it的用法
①指代天气、时间、距离等
②代替上文提到过的事物
③分析句子结构， 发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时， 应考虑it
④it的常用固定句型
·It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分
·It＋be＋形容词＋of/for sb.to do sth.
·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
·hate/like/enjoy it that... 讨厌/喜欢……
·when it comes to... 当谈到……
·as sb. puts it 正如某人所言
·make it 成功
3.熟记不定代词的区别
①another泛指同类的人或物，指三者或三者以上的另一个，可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数；
②others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，常用结构： some...others...；
③the other指两者中的另一个，表示特指；
④that指代上文出现的单数名词或不可数名词；
⑤those指代上文出现的复数名词。
如何判断填介词
典例印证
【典例】　[2022·全国乙卷]May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61.________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
by
第一步：确定填介词　分析句子成分可知，此处考查动词与介词的搭配。
第二步：确定答案　此处从句中谓语动词的被动语态结构为was named by...“由……命名”。句意：国际茶日是由联合国命名的。
解题攻略
*第一步：确定是否填介词
首先，分析句子结构，发现名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时， 其前面一般是填介词。
*第二步：根据句意及固定搭配确定答案
分析句子结构， 发现空格放在名词前后时， 应考虑名词与介词的搭配；
分析句子结构， 发现空格放在不及物动词后名词前时， 应考虑动词与介词的搭配；
分析句子结构， 发现空格放在形容词后名词前时， 应考虑形容词与介词的搭配。
典例导引
1.[2022·济宁市高考模拟]Hence, Bing Dwen Dwen is a giant panda ________ a high sense of science and technology.
答案与解析：with　考查介词。句意：因此，冰墩墩是一只具有高度科技意识的大熊猫。后跟名词作宾语，表示“具有”应用介词with。
2．[2022·重庆市名校联盟第一次联考]The construction took place at the Nanlong Railway Station in the city of Longyan. It began on January 19 and finished ________ the early morning of January 20.
答案与解析：on　考查介词。句意：从1月19日开始，到1月20日凌晨结束。on＋具体时间， the early morning of January 20是具体时间，用介词on。
3．[2022·山东省烟台市、德州市一模]Traditional Chinese painting enjoys worldwide fame ________ its original style, distinctive features and special techniques.
答案与解析：for　考查介词。句意：中国画以其独特的风格、鲜明的特色和独特的技法而享誉世界。根据句意，表示原因用介词for“为了”，故填for。
4．[2022·武汉模拟]The publishing group announced that award winning videos would be covered by seven media companies ________ ten languages.
答案与解析：in　考查介词。句意：该出版集团宣布，获奖视频将由7家媒体公司用10种语言进行报道。结合语境可知， 此处表示“使用……语言”， 故用in。
5．[2022·厦门市第四次质量检测]________ the convenience of the Internet, people still enjoy visiting libraries.
答案与解析：Despite　考查介词。句意：尽管互联网很方便，人们仍然喜欢去图书馆。根据“the convenience of the Internet”和“people still enjoy visiting libraries”可知，前后构成转折关系，且convenience为名词，所以应用介词despite表示“尽管”。
6．[2022·泰安市全真模拟]In 1989, the Chinese government decided the Double Ninth Festival ________ Seniors' Day.
答案与解析：as　考查介词。句意：1989年，中国政府决定将重阳节定为老年人节。根据语境可知，句子表示“中国政府决定将重阳节定为老年人节”，空格处意为“作为”，故填as。
7．[2022·山东省实验中学模拟]In addition, SLEEP IF YOU CAN will also give you the latest weather conditions so that you can decide whether to take an umbrella ________ you before leaving home.
答案与解析：with　考查介词。句意：此外， SLEEP IF YOU CAN还会为你提供最新的天气情况，以便你在离家前决定是否带伞。分析句意可知，此处表示带伞，应该用with表示“携带”的意思。
8.[2022·辽宁省模拟一]Wild tiger numbers have dropped ________ more than 95% since the beginning of the 20th century.
答案与解析：by　考查介词。句意：自20世纪初以来，野生老虎的数量下降了95%以上。“more than 95%”是数量下降的量，因此空格处用by，表示下降的程度。
9．[2022·襄阳五中适应性考试二]Ancient architecture in China stands out ________ its fine wooden structures, the elegant outside and beautiful decoration.
答案与解析：for　考查介词。句意：中国古代建筑因其精致的木结构、优雅的外观和美丽的装饰而著称。结合句意表示“因为”，故填for。
10.[2022·辽宁县级重点高中协作体一模]It was on that very night that Dashrath Manjhi decided to carve a small path through the mountain in order to give his village easier access ________ medical assistance.
答案与解析：to　考查介词。句意：就在那天晚上， Dashrath Manjhi决定在山上开辟一条小路，以便让他的村庄更容易获得医疗救助。access to...为固定搭配，意为“使用……的机会；去……的通路”，因此空格处是介词to，故填to。
11．[2022·郴州市第一次质量监测]It is the type of socially responsible policy since all of us have the potential to be addicted ________ our screens and digital content.
答案与解析：to　考查介词。句意：这是一种社会责任政策，因为我们所有人都有可能对屏幕和数字内容上瘾。固定短语be addicted to “对……上瘾，沉溺于”。
12．[2022·湖南省百所学校3月联考]Industry experts have estimated that protection and reduction efforts to deal with space junk account ________ about 5－10 percent of satellite mission costs.
答案与解析：for　考查介词。句意：业内专家估计，保护和减少太空垃圾的工作约占卫星任务成本的5%至10%。account for为固定短语，意为“(比例)占……”。
13．[2022·烟台市考前热身]China Chic has changed from a consumption trend ________ a cultural phenomenon and the 2022 Winter Olympic Games are a good example of why young people embrace it.
答案与解析：into　考查介词。句意：“中国风”已经由一种消费趋向转变成一种社会现象。这也是为什么年轻人欣然接受2022年冬奥会的一个好的例证。
14．[2022·济南5月市高考模拟]The parents of the community are hoping that the city will create school friendly bikeways that are separated ________ the main road.
答案与解析：from　考查介词。句意：社区的家长们希望该市能创造出与主干道分隔开的学校友好型自行车道。短语be separated from表示“分离开来”，符合句意。
15．[2022·沈阳市教学质量监测三]By building its own space station, China will expand its scientific reach, and China's space exploration program is also open ________ other developing countries.
答案与解析：to　考查介词。句意：通过建造自己的空间站，中国将扩大其科学范围，中国的空间探索计划也向其他发展中国家开放。固定搭配be open to...(对……开放)。
16．[2022·大连市二模]Olympic and Paralympic medals for the 32nd Tokyo Olympic Games were made ________ recycled mobile phones.
答案与解析：from　考查介词。句意：第32届东京奥运会和残奥会的奖牌是由回收的手机制成的。be made from表示“由……制成”。
17．[2022·辽宁省重点中学协作体模拟]There are a number of things we can do by learning a few life saving skills for conditions ________ our control.
答案与解析：beyond　考查介词。句意：在我们无法控制的情况下，通过学习一些救生技能，我们可以做很多事情。名词control前用介词形式。beyond control无法控制。
18．[2022·苏州八校三模]In the following years, while Deng has dedicated himself to training, struggling ________ an opportunity to fly into space, he has always been inches away from good luck and has yet to make it.
答案与解析：for　考查介词。句意：在接下来的几年里，尽管Deng一直致力于训练，努力争取进入太空的机会，但他总是虽与好运近在咫尺，至今仍未实现。struggle for“为……而奋斗”是固定搭配，符合句意。
快捷思维
辨逻辑，联想恰当介词
1．表示时间的in、 on和at
(1)in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等；
(2)on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等；
(3)at表示某个时间点、时刻等。
2．表示交通方式的by和on/in
(1)by后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词；
(2)on/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。
3．表示“用……”的by、 in和with
(1)by指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词；
(2)in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前；
(3)with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。
4.of表示“……的”
“of＋n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词。
5．as表示“作为”
6．from表示“自， 从”
7．despite/in spite of表示“尽管”
抓核心词，联想固定搭配
1．与动词搭配
remind sb. of sth.　提醒某人某事
compete for sth. with sb. 为……与……竞争
go back to/date from 追溯至
exchange...for... 用……交换……
come about 发生
search for 寻找
account for 占……比例； 说明……的原因
belong to 属于
relate to 与……有关
put sth. into practice 实施
bear sth. in mind 记住
2．介词短语搭配
by accident 偶然
in trouble 陷入困境，陷入麻烦
in honour of 为纪念
in turn 依次，转而
in return 作为报答
on board 乘(飞机、船)
on average 平均
in advance 提前
on the contrary 相反
on earth 在世界上
3．形容词与介词搭配
be curious about... 对……感到好奇
be associated with 与……有关
be rich in... 在……方面丰富
be similar to... 与……相似
be famous for 因……而著名
练重点练难点
创新应用体验
Test 1
[2022·东北三校高三模拟考试]Even as a young boy, Leonardo da Vinci showed promise as an artist. He trained for seven years, and then 1.________ (strike) out on his own. Afterwards, he set out 2.________ (work) for wealthy men throughout Italy. Then Leonardo began his career as a painter, but he most often worked as an engineer. One of the reasons was that Italy was 3.________ war, and people needed engineers.
After Leonardo's death, it 4.____________ (discover) that he had kept many notebooks illustrating his work. Although his notebooks were popular in the royal families, none of 5.________ were published until the late 19th century. Until then, few people had had any idea 6.________ they contained.
struck　
to work　
at　
was discovered　
them　
what　
1．答案与解析：struck　考查动词的时态。根据空前的“He trained for seven years，and then”可知，此处需用一般过去时，strike out是固定短语意为“开辟新路”。句意：他训练了七年，接着自己开辟新路。故填struck。
2．答案与解析：to work　考查固定搭配。set out to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“开始做某事”。句意：后来他开始在意大利为富人工作。故填to work。
3．答案与解析：at　考查介词。be at war是固定短语，意为“处于交战状态”。句意：其中一个原因是意大利当时处于战争中，人们需要工程师。故填at。
4．答案与解析：was discovered　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，应用一般过去时；主语是it，故谓语用单数形式；主语it与discover为被动关系，故用被动语态。句意：在他去世后，人们发现他已经记了很多本笔记来阐述他的工作。故填was discovered。
5．答案与解析：them　考查代词。空处指代his notebooks，且作of的宾语故应用them。句意：虽然他的这些笔记本在王室家族中很受欢迎，但是这些笔记本直到19世纪晚期才被出版。
6．答案与解析：what　考查同位语从句连接词。句意：在那之前，很少有人知道这些笔记本中包含的内容。根据句意可知，后句内容是对idea的补充说明，故应填同位语从句连接词，因从句中缺宾语。故填what。
As it has turned out, his notebooks are 7.________ amazing treasure box of drawings, such as airplanes, tanks, robots, and diving 8.________ (equip). Along with these drawings are notes 9.________ (describe) his work. Many of these notes are 10.________ (science) in nature, involving his research in many different fields. His notebooks show that he was the greatest artist and scientist of his time.
an　
equipment　
describing　
scientific　
7．答案与解析：an　考查冠词。此处box是可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，此处表泛指，且amazing的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
8．答案与解析：equipment　考查名词。根据空前的“airplanes，tanks，robots”可知，空处也应是名词，此处表示潜水设备。故填equipment。
9．答案与解析：describing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为非谓语动词，因describe与notes之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词作后置定语。故填describing。
10．答案与解析：scientific　考查形容词。are是系动词，其后应跟形容词作表语。故填scientific。
Test 2
[2022·甘肃省高考诊断考试] Members of an elephant herd 1.________ (make) a 500 kilometer trip through southwestern China have become international stars. The elephants are traveling from their home, a 2.________ (mountain) area of Yunnan Province, toward the city of Kunming. Sixteen animals 3.________ (start) out in the group last year. But the government says two returned home and a baby was born during the walk.
Officials in China say they are not sure 4.________ (exact) what persuaded 5.________ elephants to make their long trip. Some experts say the elephants might have left because their leader might have gotten lost.
making　
mountainous　
started　
exactly　
the　
1．答案与解析：making　考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，该句谓语为have become，空处作名词短语Members of an elephant herd的后置定语，该名词短语和动词make之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
2．答案与解析：mountainous　考查形容词。空处修饰名词area，此处表示“多山的地区”，故填形容词mountainous。
3．答案与解析：started　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“last year”可知，该句陈述的是发生在过去的事，故用一般过去时。
4．答案与解析：exactly　考查副词。空处修饰谓语，故用副词形式。
5．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。该处的“elephants”特指第一段中提到的那些大象，故用定冠词。
Asian elephants are loyal 6.________ their home areas unless there are major changes to the environment, the loss of resources or development. Elephants 7.________ (give) the top level of protection in China. This permits their numbers to continually increase even as their natural habitat shrinks.
Chinese officials have ordered people 8.________ (stay)inside and not to look at the elephants or try to keep them away with fireworks or other things. Officials in cities have used building 9.________ (equip) to block the animals from entering 10.________ have dropped food to keep them away.
to　
are given　
to stay　
equipment　
and　
6．答案与解析：to　考查介词。be loyal to...“对……忠诚”，为固定搭配。
7．答案与解析：are given　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。该句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时；主语Elephants为复数，和动词give之间为被动关系，故谓语动词用复数，且用被动语态。
8．答案与解析：to stay　考查动词不定式。order sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，为固定用法。
9．答案与解析：equipment　考查名词。空处作动词used的宾语，故用名词形式。
10．答案与解析：and　考查连词。动词短语“have used...from entering”和“have dropped food to keep them away”为并列关系，故用and连接。