外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature Starting out&Understanding ideas同步课时作业（含答案）

Unit 5 Starting out&Understanding ideas
一、单词拼写
1.In the course of e____________(进化），some birds have lost the power of flight.
2.Our daily lives today are so different from those of our a____________(祖先).
3.We're giving away 2, 000 free s____________(样本），so you can get one if you are interested.
4.We've got more s____________(种子）than we need. We can spare you some.
5.The telescope reveals many d____________(遥远的）stars to our sight.
6.Some _____(种子) fell along the footpath, and the birds came and ate them up.
二、用方框内短语的适当形式填空
distant, disgrace, ancestor, seed, evolve, process, profit, fascinate
1. Many a girl likes eating sunflower _________.
2. I looked into the _________ ,finding _________ mountains covered with white snow.
3.Our daily lives are so different from those of our _________, who lived hundreds of years ago.
4. The woman was caught stealing in a supermarket, which brought _________ on herself and her family.
5. Fish _________ from pre-historic sea creatures, but the _________ was very slow.
6. As you know, the _________ is more important than the result.
7. He has _________ much by selling the fruits he himself grows online.
8. The beautiful film star _________ her fans with her _________ performances.
三、七选五
Do you suppose Darwin, one of the greatest scientists of all time, really did foolish experiments ①__________
Sometimes, people think that they already know the answer to a question or the solution to a problem. Sometimes, they really do know an answer or a solution. ②__________
Charles Darwin wasn't content with just thinking that he knew something. And, he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be.
Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape. If you drop them at the same time in the same place, they will fall in the same way. Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight little ball and let it drop along with the other sheets. What happens ③__________ But this simple experiment is important. It explains part of our present-day understandings of physics, ideas that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton. ④__________
⑤__________ Even the simplest idea, which we might think is foolish, can shake the foundations(根基) of science.
A. And these understandings set aside some of ancient Greek physics.
B. You have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldn't be worth anything.
C. Charles Darwin always liked doing the experiments that others thought difficult.
D. However, they never think that it is important.
E. Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish
F. It is believed by all the people that things could be important though they seemed to be simple.
G. Scientists sometimes stop to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them.
四、语法填空
The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted to find someone who would benefit from the chance of visiting distant countries. A young man ①_________ had left medical school without completing his degree answered the call. ②_________ He (receive) a letter predicting that he would be "a disgrace to himself and all his family". The captain was not satisfied with him much. In spite of all this, the journey was full of important scientific ③_________ (discovery). The journey gave the young man the chance ④_________ (study) various living things in their natural environments. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar, and guessed that maybe animals evolved as they adapted ⑤_________ their changing environments. During the journey, he found more evidence to prove his guess. He suspected that some animals ⑥_________ (evolve) from a common ancestor. The guess was beyond traditional thoughts at that time, when people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since. The young man brought up a ⑦_________ (complete) new idea—a theory of ⑧_________ (evolve). He wrote a book named On the Origin of Species to explain his new theory, which immediately caused a storm. But the young man's scientific studies were ⑨_________ convincing that more and more people began to believe the theory. The young man was the famous geologist and naturalist, Charles Darwin. His book ⑩_________ (change) ideas about life on Earth forever.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：evolution
解析：句意:在进化的过程中,一些鸟丧失了飞行能力。在介词of后面用名词形式。
2.答案：ancestors
解析：句意:我们现在的日常生活与我们祖先的日常生活有着天壤之别。根据语境可知,此处是复数概念,故用可数名词的复数形式。
3.答案：samples
解析：句意:我们正免费发放2000份样本,如果你感兴趣,可以拿一份。根据前面的数字2000可知,此处是复数概念,故用可数名词的复数形式。
4.答案：seeds
解析：句意;我们种子比较多,可以匀给你们一些。根据语境可知,此处是复数概念,故用可数名词的复数形式。
5.答案：distant
解析：句意:望远镜把许多遥远的星球显现在我们的眼前。用形容词作定语,修饰名词stars。
6.答案：seeds
二、答案：1. seeds
2. distance, distant
3. ancestors
4. disgrace
5. evolved, evolution
6. process
7. profited
8. fascinates, fascinating
三、答案：EDBAG
解析：语篇解读:本文通过描述达尔文的所作所为让人们明白一个道理:不管某件事多么简单,其中必然包含某种重要的东西。
①解析:根据上文设问中的信息"...really did foolish experiments"可知,下文应该与此相关,故E项合理。
②解析:上文的举例是为了说明某个道理,他们只知道答案,但是没有想一想,这个答案有什么用处,而达尔文就能悟出其中的道理,故本题选D项。
③解析:上文的实验其实揭示的是一个重要的定律——自由落体。也许你也做过这样的实验,但是你对其结果不以为然,可伽利略、牛顿却从中得出了重要的东西,故本题选B项正确。
④解析:伽利略、牛顿得出的理论反驳了古希腊的物理学。本题应该选A项。
⑤解析:本段是结论段。对应下文的信息可知,科学家不会仅仅满足于结果,而是对一些简单的现象进行思考,从而揭示重要的规律或结论。这就是科学家与普通人之间的巨大差别,故本题应选G项。
四、答案：who ; received; discoveries; to study; to; had evolved; completely; evolution; so; has changed
解析：①考查定语从句。名词a young man后面带了一个定语从句,从句中缺少主语,故用引导词who。
②考查动词的时态。文章发生在过去,一般过去时。
③考查可数名词的复数。旅程中充满了重要的科学发现,在此处名词discovery应是复数概念,故用可数名词的复数形式。
④考查非谓语动词。名词chance后面用不定式短语作后置定语,意为“……的机会”。
⑤考查短语搭配。adapt to...是常用搭配,意为“适应……”。
⑥考查动词的时态。该处动词evolve 发生在谓语动词suspected之前,即“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。
⑦考查副词的用法。修饰形容词new用副词形式。
⑧考查名词的用法。在介词of后面,用名词形式。
⑨考查常用句式。“so+形容词/副词+that从句”,意为“如此……以至于……”。
⑩考查动词的时态。表示从过去开始,对现在有影响的动作,用现在完成时。
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