英语高考语法复习：冠词讲解及巩固提升练习（含答案）
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| 名称 | 英语高考语法复习：冠词讲解及巩固提升练习（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 41.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-04-19 09:16:45 | ||
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英语高考语法复习：冠词讲解及巩固提升练习
考点一：
1．不定冠词的基本用法
(1)用在可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。
(2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。
—Excuse me，would you please give the iPad to John
——打扰一下，请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗？
—Sorry，but I don't think there's a John in our class.
——对不起，但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。
(3)用在“be＋of＋a/an＋名词”结构中，表示“同一，相同”时，相当于of the same＋名词。
The two plants look different，but they are of a kind (＝of the same kind)．
这两种植物看上去不同，但属于同一类。
2．不定冠词的活用
(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
First impressions are the most lasting.After all，you never get a second chance to make a first impression.
最初的印象最持久。毕竟， 你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。
(2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词：success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，pity，danger，comfort，honour等。
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。
(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of...时， 前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a (good) knowledge of...“精通……”；have a (clear/good) understanding of...“了解……”。
If you don't have a good knowledge of English，it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.
如果你不精通英语，那么何谈灵活而流利地运用它呢！
3．用于固定搭配中
all of a sudden突然地 as a matter of fact事实上
at a loss不知所措；困惑 pay a visit to参观；拜访
be/go on a diet节食 give sb. a lift让某人搭便车
make a fool of 愚弄 in a hurry匆忙地
make a living谋生 a waste of...浪费
once in a while偶尔 keep an eye on 留意；留神
have a gift for在……方面有天赋
have a word with与……谈话
in a way从某种意义上说
as a result/consequence 因此
考点二 定冠词
1．定冠词的基本用法
(1)指双方都知道的人或物，或特指的人或物的名词前。
I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.
我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。
(2)用于某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人。
We're not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.我们并不是说每个人都需要为穷人贡献自己的一切。
(3)用于序数词、形容词、副词的最高级以及形容词only，very，same前，以及对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。
As is known to all，the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
This book is the better one of the two.
这本书是这两者中较好的那一本。
[易错提醒] a与most连用，位于形容词前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最……的”。
(4)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中， 表示“按……计算”。但size，weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。
He was surprised to find that books are sold by weight in this bookstore，that is，by the kilogram.
他惊奇地发现在这家书店书是按重量来卖，也就是说是按公斤来卖的。
(5)用于“动词(hit，strike，pull，take等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中， 其中的the不可用物主代词代替。
hit sb.on the head 打某人的头
pull/take sb. by the hand拉/抓住某人的手
strike sb.in the face打某人的脸
2．用于固定搭配中
at the moment 此刻，目前 by the way顺便说一下
in the way 阻碍；挡路 in the distance在远处
not in the least 一点也不 the other day 几天之前
on the contrary与此相反；恰恰相反
on the other hand另一方面
to the point中肯； 切题 take the place of 代替
go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧
in the habit of有……的习惯
make the most/best of 充分利用
to tell (you) the truth(跟你)说实话
for the time being 暂时
考点三 零冠词
1．零冠词的基本用法
(1)用于不含普通名词的纯专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、不可数名词或复数名词前。
Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一方式就是要与自然和谐相处。
The Smiths don't usually like staying at hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。
(2)名词前已有this，that，my，your，some，each，no，any 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词作定语时不用冠词。
Each student must hand in his(her) exercise book by the end of this week.
每个学生必须在本周末交作业本。
(3) 表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补语时， 其前通常用零冠词。
Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说，“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”
(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词，及球类、棋类和学科名词前。
Of all the subjects，I like history best because it gives us a useful knowledge of things in the past.
在所有科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有益的知识。
2．用于固定搭配中
on/catch fire着火 by mistake错误地
by chance/accident碰巧 in history在历史上
under repair在维修中 hand in hand 手拉手
do harm to对……有害 on purpose故意地
in place在正确位置 in danger在危险中
in return作为回报 at present 目前
ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前
lose heart 灰心 out of control失控
at dawn/dusk/night在黎明/黄昏/夜晚
make room for为……让出空间
3．有无冠词意义不同的搭配
在语法填空中：
1．观察空格后部分的中心词是否是名词或相当于名词的词或短语，因为冠词的作用通常就是用来修饰名词。
2．准确理解语境，确定空格所填词表示泛指还是特指。
3．理解空格所在句子的意义，分析所填词是否是冠词活用或固定用法。
巩固提升：
一、单项选择
1．Beyond stars there is nothing but space.
A．/...the B．the.../ C．/.../ D．the...the
2．As an amateur artist, who visits galleries at home and abroad on ______ regular basis, he knows well to admire oil painting masterpieces from ______ distance.
A．a…the B．the…a C．the…the D．a…a
3．The king of hearts is the only one of the kings in a set of playing cards who ______ mustache.
A．doesn’t have B．don’t have C．doesn’t have a D．don’t have a
4．First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get ______ second chance to make a first impression.
A．a B．the C．/ D．one
5．Life is like an ocean; only _______ strong-willed can reach the other shore.
A．a B．the C．/ D．that
6．Additionally, China’s total expressway coverage reached 136,400 kilometers by the end of 2017, ranking first in the world, covering 97 percent of cities with _____ population of 200,000 or above.
A．the B．a C．her D．its
7．As a matter of fact ______, we raise at home are collected from the wild forest.
A．most the plants B．most of plants C．most of the plants D．most of plant
8．It is a common phenomenon that some students will invite their teachers to nice dinner after they leave school
A．a: a B．the; the
C．\ ; a D．a ;\
9．________ good knowledge of several languages is essential to ________ study of comparative literature because without it one can read books only in translation.
A．A…the B．A…/ C．The…the D．/…/
10．I don’t like talking on_____telephone,I prefer writing____letters.
A．a the B．the / C．the the D．a /
11．We have no extra money. So for the time being, we can’t move to ______ apartment.
A．a nice B．the nicest C．a nicer D．the nice
12．—Did you enjoy the drama last night
—Yes. I’ve never seen one before.
A．the more inspiring B．a more inspiring
C．the most inspiring D．a most inspiring
13．There was _______accident here yesterday．A car hit a tree and _______driver was badly injured．
A．an; an B．an;the C．a; a D．a; the
14．He missed ______ gold in the high jump, but will get _____ second chance in the long jump.
A．the; the B．/; a C．the; a D．a; /
15．India attained ________ independence in 1947, after ________ long struggle.
A．不填； a B．the; a
C．an; 不填 D．an; the
16．Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.
A．a;a B．the; the C．不填；the D．a;不填
17．Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.
A．不填；a B．a; the C．the;不填 D．the;a
18．What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting.
A．a; 不填 B．the; 不填 C．the; an D．a; the
答案：1．B2．D3．C4．A5．B6．B7．C8．D9．A10．B11．C12．B13．B14．C15．A16．A
17．C18．D
考点一：
1．不定冠词的基本用法
(1)用在可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。
(2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。
—Excuse me，would you please give the iPad to John
——打扰一下，请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗？
—Sorry，but I don't think there's a John in our class.
——对不起，但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。
(3)用在“be＋of＋a/an＋名词”结构中，表示“同一，相同”时，相当于of the same＋名词。
The two plants look different，but they are of a kind (＝of the same kind)．
这两种植物看上去不同，但属于同一类。
2．不定冠词的活用
(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
First impressions are the most lasting.After all，you never get a second chance to make a first impression.
最初的印象最持久。毕竟， 你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。
(2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词：success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，pity，danger，comfort，honour等。
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。
(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of...时， 前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a (good) knowledge of...“精通……”；have a (clear/good) understanding of...“了解……”。
If you don't have a good knowledge of English，it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.
如果你不精通英语，那么何谈灵活而流利地运用它呢！
3．用于固定搭配中
all of a sudden突然地 as a matter of fact事实上
at a loss不知所措；困惑 pay a visit to参观；拜访
be/go on a diet节食 give sb. a lift让某人搭便车
make a fool of 愚弄 in a hurry匆忙地
make a living谋生 a waste of...浪费
once in a while偶尔 keep an eye on 留意；留神
have a gift for在……方面有天赋
have a word with与……谈话
in a way从某种意义上说
as a result/consequence 因此
考点二 定冠词
1．定冠词的基本用法
(1)指双方都知道的人或物，或特指的人或物的名词前。
I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.
我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。
(2)用于某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人。
We're not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.我们并不是说每个人都需要为穷人贡献自己的一切。
(3)用于序数词、形容词、副词的最高级以及形容词only，very，same前，以及对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。
As is known to all，the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
This book is the better one of the two.
这本书是这两者中较好的那一本。
[易错提醒] a与most连用，位于形容词前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最……的”。
(4)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中， 表示“按……计算”。但size，weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。
He was surprised to find that books are sold by weight in this bookstore，that is，by the kilogram.
他惊奇地发现在这家书店书是按重量来卖，也就是说是按公斤来卖的。
(5)用于“动词(hit，strike，pull，take等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中， 其中的the不可用物主代词代替。
hit sb.on the head 打某人的头
pull/take sb. by the hand拉/抓住某人的手
strike sb.in the face打某人的脸
2．用于固定搭配中
at the moment 此刻，目前 by the way顺便说一下
in the way 阻碍；挡路 in the distance在远处
not in the least 一点也不 the other day 几天之前
on the contrary与此相反；恰恰相反
on the other hand另一方面
to the point中肯； 切题 take the place of 代替
go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧
in the habit of有……的习惯
make the most/best of 充分利用
to tell (you) the truth(跟你)说实话
for the time being 暂时
考点三 零冠词
1．零冠词的基本用法
(1)用于不含普通名词的纯专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、不可数名词或复数名词前。
Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一方式就是要与自然和谐相处。
The Smiths don't usually like staying at hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。
(2)名词前已有this，that，my，your，some，each，no，any 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词作定语时不用冠词。
Each student must hand in his(her) exercise book by the end of this week.
每个学生必须在本周末交作业本。
(3) 表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补语时， 其前通常用零冠词。
Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说，“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”
(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词，及球类、棋类和学科名词前。
Of all the subjects，I like history best because it gives us a useful knowledge of things in the past.
在所有科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有益的知识。
2．用于固定搭配中
on/catch fire着火 by mistake错误地
by chance/accident碰巧 in history在历史上
under repair在维修中 hand in hand 手拉手
do harm to对……有害 on purpose故意地
in place在正确位置 in danger在危险中
in return作为回报 at present 目前
ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前
lose heart 灰心 out of control失控
at dawn/dusk/night在黎明/黄昏/夜晚
make room for为……让出空间
3．有无冠词意义不同的搭配
在语法填空中：
1．观察空格后部分的中心词是否是名词或相当于名词的词或短语，因为冠词的作用通常就是用来修饰名词。
2．准确理解语境，确定空格所填词表示泛指还是特指。
3．理解空格所在句子的意义，分析所填词是否是冠词活用或固定用法。
巩固提升：
一、单项选择
1．Beyond stars there is nothing but space.
A．/...the B．the.../ C．/.../ D．the...the
2．As an amateur artist, who visits galleries at home and abroad on ______ regular basis, he knows well to admire oil painting masterpieces from ______ distance.
A．a…the B．the…a C．the…the D．a…a
3．The king of hearts is the only one of the kings in a set of playing cards who ______ mustache.
A．doesn’t have B．don’t have C．doesn’t have a D．don’t have a
4．First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get ______ second chance to make a first impression.
A．a B．the C．/ D．one
5．Life is like an ocean; only _______ strong-willed can reach the other shore.
A．a B．the C．/ D．that
6．Additionally, China’s total expressway coverage reached 136,400 kilometers by the end of 2017, ranking first in the world, covering 97 percent of cities with _____ population of 200,000 or above.
A．the B．a C．her D．its
7．As a matter of fact ______, we raise at home are collected from the wild forest.
A．most the plants B．most of plants C．most of the plants D．most of plant
8．It is a common phenomenon that some students will invite their teachers to nice dinner after they leave school
A．a: a B．the; the
C．\ ; a D．a ;\
9．________ good knowledge of several languages is essential to ________ study of comparative literature because without it one can read books only in translation.
A．A…the B．A…/ C．The…the D．/…/
10．I don’t like talking on_____telephone,I prefer writing____letters.
A．a the B．the / C．the the D．a /
11．We have no extra money. So for the time being, we can’t move to ______ apartment.
A．a nice B．the nicest C．a nicer D．the nice
12．—Did you enjoy the drama last night
—Yes. I’ve never seen one before.
A．the more inspiring B．a more inspiring
C．the most inspiring D．a most inspiring
13．There was _______accident here yesterday．A car hit a tree and _______driver was badly injured．
A．an; an B．an;the C．a; a D．a; the
14．He missed ______ gold in the high jump, but will get _____ second chance in the long jump.
A．the; the B．/; a C．the; a D．a; /
15．India attained ________ independence in 1947, after ________ long struggle.
A．不填； a B．the; a
C．an; 不填 D．an; the
16．Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.
A．a;a B．the; the C．不填；the D．a;不填
17．Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.
A．不填；a B．a; the C．the;不填 D．the;a
18．What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting.
A．a; 不填 B．the; 不填 C．the; an D．a; the
答案：1．B2．D3．C4．A5．B6．B7．C8．D9．A10．B11．C12．B13．B14．C15．A16．A
17．C18．D