【重难点精讲】2014届中考英语人教考点解密:第一部分 教材知识梳理 八年级上册(4份)

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名称 【重难点精讲】2014届中考英语人教考点解密:第一部分 教材知识梳理 八年级上册(4份)
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更新时间 2014-06-03 21:05:55

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八年级(上)Units 10-12
重难点精讲
考点1 Teenagers borrow some money...青少年借一些钱……(page sixty-eight)
【用法归纳】辨析borrow, lend与keep
◆borrow意为“借入”,常用于borrow something. from somebody. 结构,表示主语向别人借东西。如:
I borrowed a pen from her. 我向她借了一支钢笔。
◆lend意为“借出”,常用于lend somebody. something.或lend something. to somebody.结构,表示主语把东西借给别人。如:
Could you lend me some money 等于Could you lend some money to me 你能借我些钱吗?
◆keep是延续性动词,意为“保存;借”,表示“借多长时间”时要用keep,而不是borrow和lend。如:
—How long can I keep the book 这本书我能借多久?
—You can keep it for a week. 你可以借一个星期。
考点2 Could I invite my friends to a party 我可以邀请我的朋友们来这个聚会吗?(page sixty-eight)
【用法归纳】invite的用法 (2011年31题)
◆invite somebody. to+场合。如party, concert等。如:
I will invite her to my birthday party.我将邀请她参加我的生日聚会。
◆invite somebody. to+地点。如house, park等。如:
We invited Uncle Wang to Xiaoyaojin Park yesterday.昨天我们邀请王叔叔去了逍遥津公园。
◆invite somebody. to do something.“邀请某人做某事”。如:
Jim invited me to play football with him two days ago.两天前Jim邀请我和他一起踢足球。
考点3 Thanks for taking care of my dog. 谢谢你照看我的狗。(page sixty-nine)
【用法归纳】take care of的用法
take care of 意为“照顾,照看”,其后的宾语可以是表示人的名词或代词,也可以是表示某些事物的名词或代词。如:
He can take good care of your baby. 他能很好地照顾你的宝宝。
【知识拓展】辨析take care与look after
◆take care 意为“注意;当心”,可以单独使用,其后也可以跟从句。如:
Take care! The ice is thin. 当心!冰很薄。
Take care that you do not make yourself ill. 当心不要生病。
◆look after 一般情况下与take care of 含义相同,可互换使用。如:
I have to look after my sick sister at home now. 我现在不得不在家照顾生病的妹妹。八年级(上)Units 1到3
重难点精讲
考点1—How often do you watch TV 你多久看一次电视?
—I watch TV every day.我每天都看电视。(Page two)
【用法归纳】辨析how often, how soon, how long与how far
how often多久一次,提问频度(sometimes; once a week)
how long①多长②多久,提问①物体长度(twenty meters long)
②时间段(since ninteen seventy-eight; for thirty years)
how soon多久之后,提问in加时间段(in one hundred years)
how far多远,提问距离(five minutes' walk)如:—How often do you go to the movies 你每隔多久看一次电影呢
—Once a week. 每周一次。
注意:how many times 意为“几次”,仅仅用于询问次数,其答语常用twice, three times等。如:
—How many times did you go to Shanghai  你去过上海几次?
—Only twice. 就两次。
—How soon will Kungfu Panda two be on show 《功夫熊猫2》多久之后会上映?
—In a few days.几天以后吧。
—How long will the cruise take 海上航游要花多长时间?
—Three hours.三个小时。
How long is the desk 这个桌子有多长?
考点2 I try to eat a lot of vegetables.我尽量多吃蔬菜。(Page five)
【用法归纳】try的用法
try 作动词,意为 “试图,努力,试用”; 作名词,意为“尝试”。如:
I try to forget those terrible things. 我努力忘记那些可怕的事。
【知识拓展】
◆try to do something. 与 try doing something.
try to do something.意为“努力做某事”或“企图做某事”;try doing something. 意为“试着做某事”。如:
You should try to work hard, if you want to get good grades.如果你想取得好成绩,你就应该努力学习。
You can do it. Just try doing it.你可以的,只要你勇于尝试。
◆try 构成的常用短语
try one's best (to do)竭尽全力做某事;try out 试验,试用;try on 试穿,试戴。如:
What you should do is trying或to try your idea out.你应该做的就是把你的想法变为实际行动。
考点3 I hardly ever exercise. 我几乎不锻炼。(Page five)
【用法归纳】常见频度副词的辨析
常见的频度副词有always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never。
◆always意为“总是”,表示动作或状态中间没有间断。如:
The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳总是东升西落。
◆usually意为“通常”,即很少有例外。如:
He usually goes to bed at ten o'clock.他通常10点钟睡觉。
◆often意为“常常”,不如usually那么频繁。如:
He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。
◆sometimes意为“有时”,表示动作偶尔发生,可以位于句首,表示强调。如:
Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way. 他有时这样做,有时那样做。
◆hardly意为“几乎不,简直不”,常和ever连用,表示强调。如:
I hardly ever go out these days.这些天我几乎不出门。
◆never意为“从来不,永不”。如:
My parents are never late for work.我父母上班从来不迟到。
考点4 A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health. 多吃蔬菜能使你保持身体健康。(page six)
【用法归纳】 keep的用法
◆keep作动词,意为“保存,保留,阻止,避开”;keep...from (doing) something意为“阻止什么做某事”。如:
Could you keep the key for me 你能帮我保存钥匙吗?
I hope I am not keeping you from your work.希望我没有妨碍你工作。
◆keep作系动词,“保持(某种状态)”,其后跟形容词作表语。如:
You had better give up smoking and keep healthy.你最好戒烟并保持健康。
◆keep的其他常用语:
keep away 避开;不接近keep quiet保持安静
keep up with...赶上;跟上;不落在什么的后面
keep(on)doing something继续/持续做某事
考点 5 It's easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it?is important to eat a balanced diet.拥有健康的生活方式很简单,平衡饮食很重要。(page eleven)
【用法归纳】It加 is或was 加 形容词加(for或of somebody.)加 to do (something.)句型
此句型意为“对某人来说做某事……”,该句型中的it为形式主语,而真正的主语——动词不定式短语常后置。用of somebody.还是for somebody.则取决于前面的表语形容词。
◆若前面形容词是描述行为者的性格、品质的,则用of。如:
It is very kind of you to come and see me.你能来看我,真好。
◆若形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是对行为者的品格进行评价,则用for。如:
It is important for us to learn English. 对我们来说学英语很重要。
考点7 I hope I can forget all my problems. 我希望我能忘记所有的烦恼。(page seventeen)
【用法归纳】辨析forget to do something.与forget doing something.
◆forget to do something.“忘记要去做某事(未做)”。如:
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还亮着,他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
◆forget doing something. “忘记做过某事(已做)”。如:
He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。 (已做过关灯的动作)
【知识拓展】
类似的用法还有:remember to do something.“记住要去做某事(未做)”;remember doing something.“记住
做过某事(已做)”。如:
Please remember to come tomorrow. 请记住明天来。 (未做)
I remember closing the window.我记得关了窗户。(做过)八年级(上)Units 4-6
重难点精讲
考点1—How does Bob get to school Bob是怎么到学校的?
—He takes the train. 他乘坐火车。(page nineteen)
【用法归纳】 常见的交通表达方式:
take a或the加交通工具
in/on a/the加交通工具
by加交通工具
walk/ride/drive/fly to加地点名词
如: take a或the bus 坐公共汽车;on foot步行;on a或the bike 骑自行车;in a或the train 乘火车;by plane等于by air乘飞机;drive home 开车回家;fly to Japan乘飞机去日本。
注意下列转换:
He takes the train to school.等于He goes to school by train.等于He goes to school in the train.他坐火车去学校。
She rides her bike to school.等于She goes to school by bike.等于She goes to school on her bike.她骑自行车去上学。
【知识拓展】
take的其他用法
◆ 动词. 乘;坐;搭(车或船)。如:
Shall we take a boat to Taiwan? 我们乘船去台湾好吗?
◆ 动词. 拿走。如:
Do not take it away. 不要把它拿走。
◆ 动词. 吃;喝;服用(药)。如:
Take this medicine on time. 请按时吃药。
◆ 动词 拿;握住;抓住。如:
He took the paper and walked away. 他拿了张纸就走开了。
◆ 动词.带去;引领。如:
Can you take me to the library 你能带我去图书馆吗?
考点2 Maybe another time. 或许下次吧。(page twenty-six)
【用法归纳】 辨析 another, other, the other, others与 the others
◆ another表示“总数为三个或三个以上中任意的另一个”,表示泛指。其后一般跟单数名词或代词,若有few或大于1的数词修饰时,也可接复数名词。如:
This shirt is too large for me. Please show me another(one). 这件衬衫我穿太大,请另外拿一件给我看看。(一般商店不会只有两件衬衫)
◆ other意为“别的;另外的”,与复数名词连用,表泛指。如:
There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。
◆ the other与单数名词连用,表特指,即两者中的另一个,常与one搭配。one...the other...意为“一个……另一个……”。 如:
He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人。
◆ others指没有明确范围的“另外的人或事物”,相当于other加复数名词。如:
We must think more of other comrades. 我们必须多想想其他的同志。
◆ the others指的是一定范围内“所有其余的人或事物”,相当于“the other加复数名词”。 如:
John did better than all the other players in the sport. 在那项运动中约翰比所有别的运动员都出色。
考点3 Call English Study Center at four four three-five six six seven for more information. 拨打443- 5667来英语俱乐部咨询更多的信息。(page thirty-five)
【用法归纳】 辨析information, message与news
◆information不可数名词,一般指信息;消息;情报;资料;资讯。如:
Please send me the information about your company.请把你公司的信息发送给我。
相关短语:take a message for somebody.为某人捎口信;leave a message留口信;collect/receive information搜集/接收信息。
◆message可数名词,一般指(书面或口头的)信息、消息、音信。如:
There were no messages for me.没有消息给我。
◆news不可数名词,一般指新闻、消息。如:
Is there any good news today 今天有什么好消息吗?八年级(上)Units 7-9
重难点精讲
考点1 Turn on the blender.打开搅拌器。(page forty-one)
【用法归纳】辨析turn on, turn down, turn off与turn up(2013年30题)
turn on表示“打开”;turn down表示“关小、调低(音量)”; turn off表示“关掉”;turn up表示“开大、调高(音量)”; turn on与turn off, turn up与turn down均互为反义词组。如:
Miss Wang walked into the room and turned on the light.王小姐走进房间,打开了灯。
He turned on the computer and got online.他打开电脑上网。
注意:on, off, up, down这四个词都是副词,在使用过程中,当宾语为代词时,只能置于动词和副词之间;当宾语为名词时,既可置于动词和副词之间,也可置于副词之后。
考点2 Tina won a hat.Tina赢得了一顶帽子。(page forty-eight)
【用法归纳】辨析win与beat
win和beat都可表示“赢”,但用法不同。
◆win(won, won)一般后接比赛、奖品或奖项作宾语,也可作不及物动词表示“赢”的结果。
◆beat(beat/beaten)“击败,战胜”,一般接对手作宾语,还可译为“心脏跳动”或“击打”。
如:Do you think they will win the football match 你认为他们会赢得这场足球赛吗?
My brother beat me by score three to two at chess.我哥哥在下棋时以3比2赢了我。
考点 3 You are never too young to start doing things. 任何年龄开始做事情都不晚。(page fifty-five)
【用法归纳】too...to...的用法(2010年28题)
◆too...to...意为“太……而不能……”,表示否定意义,too为副词,后接形容词或副词的原级,to后接动词原形。如:
The child is too young to go to school. 这个孩子太小而不能上学。
◆在too...to...结构中不定式可带逻辑主语for somebody. 以说明动作的执行者是谁。若不定式的宾语与句中主语是同一人或物时,不定式的宾语应省去(反身代词除外)。如:
The tea is too hot for me to drink. (此处省略了drink的宾语it)这茶太烫,我没法喝。
◆too...to结构中的不定式的动词为不及物动词时,应在动词后加上适当的介词。如:
That house is too dirty to live in. 那房子太脏了,我们没法住。
◆在too...to...结构中,当too与not或never连用时,或too后是easy, glad, pleased, ready等形容词时,too相当于very,表示肯定意义。如:
She is too easy to get angry. 她很容易生气。
【知识拓展】
too...to可以转化为so...that和not...enough to句式,但要注意not...enough to中的形容词和too...to中的形容词意义相反。如:
He is so young that he can not take care of himself.
等于He is not old enough to take care of himself.
等于He is too young to take care of himself. 他太小了不会照顾自己。