外研版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 6 Disaster and hope A卷 基础夯实（含答案）

Unit 6 A卷 基础夯实
一、阅读理解
1. Seeing a volcano erupt is a wonderful experience, and you can really feel the heat by climbing to the summit of Pacaya for a close-up view. There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano from Antigua, giving travellers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful.
Pacaya is an easy drive from Antigua, a beautiful city with many colourful houses along its old streets that are turned into artworks during its Holy Week festival. No matter when you come to Antigua, you won't miss the Pacaya-tour companies.
But climbing Pacaya is no easy job. It is 2, 560 metres high, and reaching the summit takes two to three hours of seemingly one-step-forward and two-step-back movements. As you climb, you hear the dull sounds of eruptions high above. Steaming, hot remains from recent eruptions begin to line the path as you near the active summit: the McKenney Cone(火山堆). Just as though you were going to walk over to the edge of the cone, the road turns to the left and up to the relative safety of the old, inactive summit.
Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty of time for sunset and the full contrast between the erupting red lava and the darkening sky. On a good day the view from the summit is extremely exciting. The active mouth boils, sending red lava over its sides, and once in a while shoots hot streams up to 100 metres into the air. There is a strong bad smell in the air even if you take care to be upwind of the cone. As evening turns deeper into the night, the burning lava quietly falls down the side of the volcano. For you, too, it is time to get down.
1.What is the main purpose of this passage
A.To attract tourists to Pacaya. B.To describe the beauty of Pacaya.
C.To introduce guided tours to Pacaya. D.To explain the power of nature at Pacaya.
2.Antigua is a city _________.
A.where people can enjoy cultural festivals B.where the daring Pacaya tour starts
C.that gives a close-up view of Pacaya D.that is famous for its tour companies
3.Many tours are timed for people to ________.
A.get down the mountain in time when night falls
B.avoid the smell from the upwind direction of the cone
C.enjoy the fantastic eruption against the darkening sky
D.appreciate the scenery of the mountain
4.Which of the following statements is TRUE
A.On the top of Pacaya people can see nothing but remains of the eruption.
B.On the way to Pacaya, people can hear the sound of eruption, steaming, hot remains and rare wildlife.
C.During its Holy Week festival Antigua becomes very beautiful.
D.Hot streams together with rocks can be erupted into the air.
2. Wildfire is one of the most powerful forces in nature. While North America's wildfire season typically peaks in late summer and early fall, climate change is already being blamed for a longer fire season.
When experts explain fire, they often talk about something called the "fire triangle": heat, fuel and oxygen. All three must interact for a fire to get started and to keep going. Take away any one of these and the fire is suppressed.
Heat is constantly coining out from a fire, warming the surrounding air and preheating fuel in its path. According to experts at the National Interagency Fire Centre heat allows fire to travel more easily by evapourating the moisture(水分) from nearby fuel. The temperature of these fuels can sometimes grow so high that they begin to burn even before they come into contact with flames.
Fuel is really just anything that can burn. That could mean both living and dead plants, coal and buildings. What's important to know here is that it's the moisture inside a fuel that determines how easily it will burn. Living trees have a lot of moisture. Dead trees have very little. But if a fire is really hot, the moisture content of a fuel means very little. In areas where the plants are dry, the temperature needed for burning is much lower.
For a fuel to burn, it needs to react with oxygen from the surrounding air so that it can release heat, which in turn helps the fire to spread. The air we breathe contains roughly 21 percent oxygen. Most fires require only 16 percent oxygen. Wildfire can change its supply if the oxygen level drops below 16 percent. Hot flames cause the air to heat up, and hot air will rise. Fresh air from a higher part of the sky then rushes in, providing the fire with new oxygen.
1.In North America, wildfire happens the most frequently in ________.
A.late spring B.early summer
C.late summer and early fall D.late winter
2.The underlined word "suppressed" in the second paragraph probably means "_______".
A.ended B.improved C.lit D.allowed
3.We can learn from the fourth paragraph that ________.
A.living plants can also catch fire easily in wildfire
B.coal is the most important fuel in wildfire
C.the moisture inside a fuel is hard to be driven out
D.in areas where the plants are dry the temperature is often low
4.What is the passage mainly about
A.The harm of wildfire. B.The science of wildfire.
C.How to prevent wildfire. D.Wildfire caused by climate change.
3. Global warming is one of the most serious dangers to our mother earth. Due to global warming, the ice of the glaciers will melt down one day, the sea level will increase from the present level, and a lot of diseases will occur. To stop all these bad happenings, global warming must be stopped as soon as possible. All necessary steps should be taken so as to save life on earth.
There are a lot of causes of global warming. Some of these causes are natural. But some causes are produced by humans. People should use the following methods to reduce them.
One should reduce the use of electrical appliances which give off harmful gases and are a big reason for this problem. These gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide, etc. Become a vegetarian. It will reduce the raising of animals for the purpose of food, and so reduce the production of methane.
Use the rule of RRR in your daily life. RRR means Reduce, Reuse & Recycle. By following RRR people can reduce the waste of energy. Therefore, less fuel will be used to produce energy, thus reducing the greenhouse effect. For example, recycle paper for further use.
Among all the methods to stop the greenhouse effect, the most effective one is to plant more trees because plants or trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the environment.
The use of fluorescent bulbs(荧光灯) should be increased because these bulbs produce few greenhouse gases.
Use renewable energy resources like solar energy, which can help in reducing the production of harmful gases.
Tell your friends and neighbours the above methods. And remember: if you stop the causes of global warming, the earth will stop warming.
1.According to the passage, what can global warming lead to
①The decrease in glaciers.
②The rise of the sea level.
③The increase in diseases.
④The reduction in the number of wild animals.
A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①③④ D.①②④
2.According to the passage, the best method to stop the greenhouse effect is to ________ .
A.reduce the use of electrical appliances B.use fluorescent bulbs
C.plant as many trees as possible .try to use solar energy
3.Why does the author advise people to become vegetarians
A.Because it can resolve the conflicts between humans and animals.
B.Because people can live a healthier life in this way.
C.Because it can help protect animals.
D.Because it can reduce the giving off of methane.
4.What is the author's purpose in writing this passage
A.To show his concern about global warming.
B.To show the importance of protecting the environment.
C.To tell us how to reduce global warming.
D.To tell us what leads to global warming.
4.A Powerisers
The ability to jump two meters in the air may not be something you have thought too much about. And most people have never considered running at 30 kilometers an hour. But just stop for a moment and think about how our new product could change your life.
Your daily journey to your place of work is probably a mad dash for the bus. There is no point in taking your car because there are traffic jams, and anyway the car parks are probably very expensive or, worse still, full. Here is where Powerisers can help. It takes just a couple of minutes to put them on and then you are away, going past others or even jumping over the object which blocks your way.
That is the practical use for our product, but then there is sport and exercise. Powerisers are set to be the next extreme sport and the deep-fit tools. You can imagine the 100 meters, the high jump or basketball performed by athletes wearing Powerisers. And what better way to build your muscles and keep fit
Our product is very simple. It is powered by a superlight spring, which uses the gravitational(重力的) pull from your body weight and pushes you with superhuman strength. There have been no records of serious injury related to the use of Powerisers, but extreme caution is recommended. We strongly advise the wearing of protective clothing, including at least a helmet(头盔).
Powerisers make you feel as if you were walking on the moon. Now we make two different models: Basic and Professional. The Basic model is designed for the occasional users and costs around $ 500. The Professional model, which is designed for the competitive use, has a strongly-made structure and different springs, though that comes at the increased price of $800. Our Powerisers are guaranteed for two years and will be replaced without question if they fail during that period. That is how confident we are.
1. According to the passage, Powerisers can help you _____.
A. get on the bus B. jump over blocks
C. relax hard muscles D. lift heavy weights
2. A helmet is recommended to users to _____.
A. prevent them from being injured
B. provide them with superhuman strength
C. offer them the feeling of walking on the moon
D. bring them good results in competitive situations
3. What is the author's purpose of writing the passage
A. To advertise a sports product.
B. To show advantages of taking exercise.
C. To explain basic principles of Powerisers.
D. To introduce the development of Powerisers.
二、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Now that spring is here, the days are longer, the sun is shining and you're longing to get out of the house. But beaches are not open yet, ①_________ They have always been the perfect cheap getaway for families and adventurers.
While people still camp, hike, and enjoy the fantastic beauty of nature and the wilderness, they have to be more careful. A total of 1,025 people died in national parks from 2012 to 2018; 145 people in 2019, up from 129 in 2018. ②_________ Whether you are hiking, camping or simply taking a walk in the park, you must carry necessary items — which includes a flashlight, matches, candles, extra batteries, and food — ③_________
④_________ Check the weather forecast before heading out; it may be burning hot in some places, like the Grand Canyon, with temperatures easily climbing over 110 degrees Fahrenheit.
⑤_________ You can never be over-prepared, especially if you plan a visit to one of the national parks on the following list: Precipice Trail, Acadia National Pa, Bright Angel Trail, Grand Canyon, Arizona, Vernal Fall, Yosemite National Park, Huckleberry Mountain, Glacier National Park, The narrows, Zion National Park.
A. Pack your backpacks accordingly, depending on the nature of your trip.
B. You may be a lucky person, but some places are really dangerous.
C. it attracts people to visit America's National Parks.
D. Poor weather judgement is usually what gets people in trouble.
E. Sometimes it's very sunny in the morning, but it starts raining in the afternoon.
F. so why not visit one of America's 58 national parks
G. and be ready for the unexpected.
三、完形填空
What would you do if you were left 1 in the wild You may have read 2 heard about people who survived under seemingly 3 conditions. These people have been able to survive 4 concentrating on three basic needs: water, food and shelter.
Water is one of the few things necessary to make life 5 , but fresh water may be difficult to find. Water can be made 6 by boiling it for three to five minutes. If there is a 7 of water, do not tire yourself too much.
Food is 8 necessity if you are lost for a longer period of time. Some people have got over their 9 by eating animals that are easy to catch. Plants, 10 , should not be eaten unless you are sure they are eatable. Nuts are easy to 11 and offer you energy.
12 from extreme temperatures is another concern. In heavy snow, you can stay under plants 13 shelter, using leaves or grass to keep yourself warm. When it is extremely hot, you can 14 a small cave at the base of a thick evergreen tree.
Remaining calm is extremely important in any dangerous situation. 15 with a plan and don't waste time or energy by getting worried.
By focusing on these things, you can turn yourself into a survivor.
1. A. lonely B. unique C. alone D. special
2. A. or B. and C. otherwise D. but
3. A. unnecessary B. impossible C. unimportant D. uncertain
4. A. across B. in C. about D. by
5. A. stay B. keep C. continue D. remain
6. A. clean B. dirty C. clear D. warm
7. A. storage B. supply C. donation D. shortage
8. A. another B. other C. some D. one
9. A. thirst B. tiredness C. hunger D. scare
10. A. moreover B. therefore C. besides D. however
11. A. recognize B. take C. eat D. find
12. A. Prevention B. Observation C. Protection D. Safety
13. A. for B. in C. with D. through
14. A. form B. live C. survive D. create
15. A. Come into B. Come out C. Come across D. Come up
四、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
More than 10,000 people were made ①__________(home) in Ternang when the Sungai Mas overflowed its banks yesterday six days after it kept on raining ②__________ (heavy).
The wooden bridge across the river has been washed away. The town is cut off by flood waters. At the fifth mile, Jalan Tengkn, the water is two metres deep. It is ③__________ (close) to all traffic. Flooding first happened at mid-afternoon yesterday along the river banks. People ④__________ (try) to get to higher ground were just in time to escape ⑤__________ (destroy) by the flood. Most of the flood victims had to leave all their property ⑥__________.
The National Flood Relief(救济) Centre was reported to give ⑦__________ help and by early evening all the people in town ⑧__________ (move) out, helped by the army, police, Red Cross Society and volunteers.
The flood victims are now sheltered in different simple relief centres in the nearby town of Ternang. "Everything ⑨__________ (possibly) is being done to help the unlucky people," a government spokesman said. "In fact, money, food and clothing have begun to come in from public organisations and helpful people."
According to the ⑩__________ (late) report, it is still raining at Ternang. The whole town is expected to be wholly covered by water. So far no deaths have been reported.
五
（1）.根据以下句子,用英语把它们连成一篇80词左右的短文
1. 一场严重的地震突袭,引发了很严重的海啸,这对那儿的人们造成了很大的伤害;
2. 根据最近的报道,10,000多人丧生,还有20,000多人失踪;
3. 更糟糕的是,出现了核电站爆炸,增加了人们的恐慌;
4. 尽管好多国家派救援队去帮助他们,但他们还是陷于麻烦之中;
5. 这场突如其来的灾难引发了很多问题,如电力供应短缺;
6. 而且,核电站爆炸污染了淡水,使得那里的水不适宜饮用;
7. 庆幸的是,随着时间一天天过去,情况会有希望好转;
8. 估计这场灾害造成的损失已超过2,000亿美元。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（2）.根据课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要(P68—69)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：1-4.ABCC
解析：语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章对火山Pacaya进行了细致的介绍,讲述了火山喷发时的情景,并对其周围地区的风光进行了介绍,旨在吸引人们到此处游览观光。
1.解析:主旨大意题。本文比较详细地介绍了Pacaya的风景,并在文中反复提到了tour, traveller,可见其写作目的在于吸引游客前往。
2.解析:推理判断题。由第二段第一句"Pacaya is an easy drive from Antigua."及最后一句"No matter when you come to Antigua, you won't miss the Pacaya-tour companies."可知,游客若要到Pacaya,可以到邻近的Antigua参加那里的旅行社,也就是说这里是去Pacaya旅行的起点。其他选项与原文不符。
3.解析:细节理解题。由最后一段第一句"...so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty of time for sunset and the full contrast between the erupting red lava and the darkening sky."可知答案。
4.解析:细节理解题。由第二段中的"...Antigua, a beautiful city... are turned into artworks during its Holy Week festival."可知C项正确。A项说法有误,人们在山顶可以欣赏到红色岩浆和黑色天空的强烈对比。B项中提到的能听到野生动物的声音这一说法文章未提及;D项中together with rocks说法有误。
2.答案：1-4.CAAB
解析：语篇解读:野火经常会演变成旷日持久的大火灾,是什么让它难以被扑灭
1.解析:细节理解题。由第一段的North America's wildfire season typically peaks in late summer and early fall可知答案为C项。
2.解析:词义猜测题。前一句指出如果大火要开始和持续,那么有三个要素“必须”都具备,如果其中一个不存在了,那么大火就会熄灭。故A项正确。
3.解析:推理判断题。由第四段的信息"...it's the moisture inside a fuel that determines how easily it will burn. Living trees have a lot of moisture... But if a fire is really hot, the moisture content of a fuel means very little."可知A项正确。
4.解析:主旨大意题。文章主要介绍的是“火三角”中的三个要素是如何互相作用致使野火长久不灭的,研究的正是野火背后的科学知识,故选B项。
3.答案：1-4.ACDC
解析：语篇解读:全球气候变暖已经成为不争的事实,但人们还是可以做一些事情来减缓这个过程。
1.解析:细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知前三点正确。第四点文中并未提到。故选A项。
2.解析:细节理解题。由第六段的"Among all the methods to stop the greenhouse effect, the most effective one is to plant more trees..."可知,最好的方法是多种树。故C项正确。
3.解析:细节理解题。由第四段的It will reduce the raising of animals for the purpose of food, and so reduce the production of methane.可知,本题选D项。
4.解析:作者意图题。由第二段的But some causes are produced by humans. People should use the following methods to reduce them.和最后一段的And remember: if you stop the causes of global warming, the earth will stop warming.可知,作者写本文的目的是告诉人们如何减缓气候变暖,故选C项。
4.答案：1-3 BAA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Powerisers可以帮助你跳过障碍物。故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知建议使用者戴上安全帽，是为了防止受伤。因此A项正确。
3.推理判断题。文章主要介绍了Powerisers的功能、用途，使用注意事项以及价格等。由此可知，作者的意图是为了给产品打广告。因此A项正确。
二、答案：FBGDA
解析：语篇解读:这是一篇说明文,春天来了,大家可能要去国家公园游玩,作者提醒大家在享受美景的同时一定注意安全,并给出了出游前做好相应的准备的建议。
①解析:上文“海滩还没有开放”表明出游只有换去别的地方,故选F项,去美国的58个国家公园。
②解析:上文"A total of 1,025 people died in national parks from 20012 to 2018; 145 people in 2019, up from 129 in 2018."表明出游的危险,故本题选B项。
③解析: a flashlight, matches, candles, extra batteries, and food这些装备都是出游前需要准备的东西,这么做是以备不测,故选G项。
④解析:本段涉及天气,故主题句应该和天气相关,选D项。
⑤解析:根据下句You can never be over-prepared.可知,此空应该表示准备要恰当,故选A项。
三、答案：1-5 CABDC 6-10 ADACD 11-15 ACADD
解析：1.当你一个人（alone)身处野外的时候你该怎么办呢？本文介绍的是如何在野外生存的建议，前提是独自身处野外，故选C。lonely孤独的； unique独一无二的； alone独自； special特殊的。
2.或许你已经读过或者（or)听说过那些在看似不可能的情况下幸存下来的人的故事。这里的read与heard about是两种途径，文章指其中的一个，故选A。or或者； and与； otherwise 否则； but但是。
3.这些人在看似不可能（impossible)的情况下幸存下来。根据下文的介绍可知，这些人生存的条件非常苛刻，近乎不可能，故选B。unnecessary不必要的； impossible不可能的； unimportant不重要的； uncertain不确定的。
4.这些人通过（by)依靠三个基本的需求——水、食物和藏身之地得以幸存下来。across跨过；in在……里面； about关于； by通过。
5.水是使生命延续（continue)的为数不多的必需品之一，但淡水可能难以找到。根据常识可知，有了水，生命就可以延续，故选C。stay留下； keep保持； continue延续； remain继续存在。
6.可以用煮沸三到四分钟的方式对水进行净化(clean)。故选A。clean干净的； dirty脏的； clear清楚的； warm温暖的。
7.如果出现了水缺乏(shortage)的情况，不要让自己太疲惫。storage储存； supply提供；donation捐赠； shortage缺乏。
8.在你迷路较长一段时间的情况下，食物是另一种（another)必需的东西。根据前文可知，生存的三个条件是水、食物和藏身之地，食物是其中的一个，故选A。another另一个； other 其他的； some一些； one一个。
9.有的人吃掉他们容易捕捉的动物来充饥（hunger)。get over hunger克服饥饿感。thirst口渴；tiredness疲意； hunger饥饿； scare恐惧。
10.但是（however)，对于植物，除非你肯定它们能食用的时候才能吃。有的植物有毒，因此不能随便吃草和树叶，故选D。moreover此外； therefore所以； besides此外； however但是。
11.坚果容易辨识（recognize),能够给你补充能量。人们对于坚果的常识比对植物的常识要多，因此容易分辨出哪些是坚果，能不能吃。故选A。recognize辨识； take拿； eat吃； find发现。
12.另一个需要关注的问题是保护（protection)自己不受极端温度伤害。根据下文的stay under plants等都是对自己的保护，故选C。prevention阻止； observation观察； protection保护； safety安全。
13.下大雪的时候，你可以在植物下面躲避以（for)遮挡风雪，利用树叶或草保暖。下雪的时候植物可以被用来遮挡风雪，故选A。for用来； in在……里面； with与……一起； through通过。
14.如果天气特别炎热,你可以在树叶茂密的常青树下面挖(create)一个洞穴。这个洞穴不是天然的，是需要动手挖的，故选D。form组成； live生存； survive幸存； create创造。
15.要动脑筋想出（come up)计划，不要担心、忧虑，因为这样会浪费时间或精力。come up with想出。故选D。come into进入； come out出来，出版； come across偶遇。
四、
答案：homeless ; heavily ; closed ; trying ; being destroyed; behind ; its ; had moved; possible ; latest
解析：①解析:理解文意可知,连续下雨导致洪灾,许多人流离失所,故本空填形容词homeless“无家可归的”作主语补足语。
②解析:修饰动词rain,本空应该用副词。
③解析:本句意为“桥梁对所有车辆关闭”,这里close为动词,故本空用被动语态。
④解析:分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是were,故本空用现在分词短语作后置定语。
⑤解析:动词escape后跟动名词作宾语,另外句子主语people是destroy动作的承受者,故本空用动名词的被动形式作宾语。
⑥解析:固定短语leave...behind“遗留;留下”。
⑦解析:本空用形容词性物主代词作定语,修饰help,句子的主语是第三人称单数,故用its。
⑧解析:时间状语by early morning和完成时态连用,上一句的谓语动词为was reported,故本空用过去完成时。
⑨解析:形容词修饰不定代词everything, somebody等时后置。
⑩解析:理解句意可知,本空指最新报道,故用latest。
五、
1.答案： A severe earthquake occurred all of a sudden, sending a high tsunami, which caused great damage to people there. According to the recent report, more than 10, 000 people were killed, with more than 20, 000 people missing. What's worse, there was a nuclear power station explosion, which added to people's panic.
Though lots of countries sent many rescue teams to go to their aid, they were still in trouble. The unexpected disaster resulted in plenty of problems, such as the shortage of electricity supply. Moreover, the nuclear power station explosion polluted the fresh water in some areas, which was unfit to drink. But fortunately, as days passed by, it was hoped that the situation would get better.
As is estimated, this disaster has caused a loss of more than 200 billion dollars.
9.答案： A hurricane suddenly hit the writer's hometown, strong wind blowing off the roof, and heavy rain flooding the streets. When living in the open air, the writer's mother reminded them to stay positive. The sky with bright stars made them feel hope for the future. Even after they were back home, the writer still remembered the beauty inspiring them and giving them confidence.
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