外研版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science B卷 能力提升（含答案）

Unit 3 B卷 能力提升
一、阅读理解
1. How fit are your teeth Are you lazy about brushing them Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone.
The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week. It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.
The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right (don't forget the insides of the teeth!)and make sure you're brushing long enough. "It's kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis," says Thomas Serval, the French inventor.
The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone, so developers could, for instance, create a game controlled by your toothbrush. You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. "We try to make it smart but also fun," Serval says.
Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said "yes", but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.
The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer, for $ 99 to $ 199, depending on features. The US is the first target market.
Serval says that one day, it'll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera. The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.
1.Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush
A.It can sense how users brush their teeth. B.It can track users,' school performance.
C.It can detect users' fear of seeing a dentist. D.It can help users find their phones.
2.What can we learn from Serval's words in Paragraph 3
A.You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.
B.You should see your dentist on a day-to-day basis.
C.You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.
D.You'd like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.
3.Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun
A.It can be used to update mobile phones. B.It can be used to play mobile phone games.
C.It can send messages to other users. D.It can talk to its developers.
4.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A.How Serval found out his kids lied to him.
B.Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.
C.How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.
D.What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush.
2. A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that "night milk" contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers from Seoul, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cows' milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
1.According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk _________.
A.started sleep more easily B.were more anxious
C.were less active D.woke up later
2.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text
A.It's been tested on mice for ten times. B.It can make people more energetic.
C.It exists in milk in great amount. D.It's used in sleeping drugs.
3.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Night Milk and Sleep B.Fat, Sugar and Health
C.An Experiment on Mice D.Milk Drinking and Health
4.How does the author support the theme of the text
A.By giving examples. B.By stating arguments.
C.By explaining statistical data. D.By providing research results.
3. Do you have imagination Do you like to solve problems Can you If so, you could be the next great inventor. "But I'm just a kid", you might be! Don't worry about a little thing like age. For example, one famous inventor — Benjamin Franklin — got his start when he was only 12. At that young age, he created paddles for his hands to help him swim faster. Finally his creation led to what we know is called flippers!
So you don't have to be adult to be an inventor. One thing you do need, though, is something that kids have plenty of: curiosity and imagination. Kids are known for looking at things in new and unique ways.
So what should you do if you have what is a great idea for an invention Talk to a friend or family member about it. Get input from others about your idea. Then ask them to help you create a working model — called a prototype(原型) of your idea.
Once you have a prototype, you can test it. Sometimes your idea turns out to be not as great as you thought. At other times, though, you realise it is a good idea and your prototype can help you figure out how to make it even better.
If your idea is really a good one, an adult can help you contact companies that might be interested in it. You will also want an adults help to get a patent for your idea, so that it is protected and can't be stolen by someone else. If you need some inspiration, consider these kids and their inventions:
Jeanie Low invented the Kiddie Stool when she was just 11. It's a folding stool that fits under the kitchen sink. Kids can unfold it and use it to reach the sink all by themselves.
At the age of 15, Louis Braille invented the system named after him that allows the blind to read.
Chelsea Lannon received a patent when she was just 8 for the "pocket diaper", a new type of diaper that includes a pocket for holding baby wipes and powder.
1.By saying "But I'm just a kid", you probably mean you _______.
A.are too young to achieve anything B.can do anything though you are young
C.are old enough to become an inventor D.have to learn knowledge from other people
2.Kids are most likely to be inventors probably because they ________.
A.would like to make friends with others B.usually work hard at their lessons at school
C.like playing all kinds of toys at home D.think about things in quite different ways
3.Who invented something that helps the blind to read
A.Jeanie Low. B.Louis Braille. C.Chelsea Lannon. D.Benjamin Franklin.
4.Which of the following can be the main idea of this passage
A.Kids have curiosity and imagination. B.There are some world famous inventors.
C.It is possible for kids to be inventors. D.Kids are exactly like adults in a way.
4. Jane Goodall is best known for her 26-year study of the chimps in the wild. There, she made several revolutionary discoveries that made her one of the greatest field scientists of the 20th century.
Born in London in 1934, the expectations for Jane were standard for the time: a marriage to a nice man, followed by a few children. Fortunately, her mother never discouraged her interests: animals and the natural world. Once her mother discovered that little Jane had brought a handful of worms(幼虫) to bed; rather than screaming, she explained that her new little friends needed the soil to live, and together, they took them back to the garden.
Jane was a bookworm who admired Doctor Dolittle and loved the Tarzan novels. Reading did its usual quiet but life-changing thing: Jane developed a dream to go to Africa and live among the wild animals.
Jane realized her dream on July 14, 1960 when she arrived at Gombe Stream Game Reserve to study the chimps. However, for two months, the chimps escaped when they heard her coming. The only thing she saw was the back of a chimp, running away from her.
"The more I thought of the task I had set myself, the more discouraged I became, Jane wrote in her first book, In the Shadow of Man.
Eventually, she became familiar with a male chimp and his big family. She observed them kiss, hug, pat each other on the back, shake their fingers at each other.
One day, moving quietly through the jungle, Jane saw the male chimp sit beside a large termite mound(白蚁土堆). He kept taking small branches from trees and putting them in the holes to fish the ants.
In any case, Jane's discovery became the talk of the scientific world. Harvard's Stephen Jay Gould observed, "We must now rethink what the words 'tool' and 'man' mean or accept chimps as humans."
1.What did Jane's mother do when she found the worms on the bed
A.She studied them carefully. B.She shouted at her daughter.
C.She threw them into the garden. D.She explained they liked the soil.
2.Which is the major reason that made Jane dream of working in the wild
A.Doctor Dolittle's invitation. B.Her interest in chimps.
C.The reading in her childhood. D.Her mother's encouragement.
3.How did Jane feel during the first two months in Africa
A.Lonely. B.Frightened. C.Hopeless. D.Content.
4.What did Stephen Jay Gould's words imply
A.Chimps should be accepted as humans.
B.Jane's discovery is of great importance.
C.Only human beings know how to make use of tools.
D.The scientists should confirm the meaning of the words.
二、七选五
Do you have a LED (发光二极管) in your pocket Chances are you might say no — not realising that your cellphone has a screen lit by LEDs!
LEDs(or light-emitting diodes) are brightening up our televisions, computer screens, cell-phones and nearly every electronic product we use today. ①_________
Not just that. LEDs produce bright white light, use energy efficiently, last much longer and are environmentally friendly. ②_________ It is no wonder that the Nobel Committee has awarded the 2014 Physics Prize to three scientists who developed the blue LED — Professors Shuji Nakamura, Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano.
Electric bulbs have come a long way from the first incandescent bulb(白炽灯) developed by Thomas Edison in 1879. Then came the CFL bulb(紧凑型荧光灯).The mercury molecules(水银分子) inside a CFL tube can be excited by passing electricity, and send light. CFL bulbs are more efficient than the incandescent ones. ③_________ For one, the bulbs are expensive, and the mercury inside them can be poisonous if the bulbs break.
In 1962, Nick Holonyak came up with the idea of the LED. ④_________ Some special materials(called semiconductors) can be made to emit light when electricity is sent through them. You may know that atoms consist of electrons moving around a nucleus(原子核)—just as the planets orbit around our Sun. ⑤_________ Electrons can also jump between orbits!
A. The science is simple.
B. But there is a difference.
C. How efficient are LED lights
D. However, they did not become very popular.
E. They are efficient enough to run on solar power.
F. They are lighting up our homes and offices as well.
G. But all this would not have been possible without the invention of the blue-coloured LED.
三、完形填空
Mr. Jones had always wanted to make a trip into the middle of Africa to photograph wild animals. 1 his wife had not wanted him to 2 her. At last his wife agreed to the trip if he allowed her to go, too.
Mr. Jones 3 her, "It will be very hot and we shall live in a tent and it 4 be dangerous."
"I don't care," said his wife. So they bought a big tent, camp beds and many other things, and went off to the 5 of Africa.
The first morning, 6 Mr. Jones took his camera and left the tent, he 7 his wife a bell and explained to her, "If you feel in 8 , ring this bell."
After a while, he heard the bell and came back quickly. "What's the matter " he asked. " 9 ," said his wife, "I was only trying the bell."
Mr. Jones went off, but after a while, the bell rang 10 . Mr. Jones hurried back to the tent, but his wife said, "I'm 11 but I was cleaning our tent, and I knocked the bell over 12 ."
Mr. Jones returned to his photographing(拍摄) but soon he heard the bell. When he got back to his 13 , the tent was burning and Mrs. Jones was lying on the ground, 14 blood running from a big cut on her shoulder, "That's better!" said Mr. Jones. "This time the bell has been used 15 !"
1.A.And B.But C.Or D.So
2.A.leave B.miss C.marry D.care
3.A.informed B.advised C.reported D.warned
4.A.may B.ought C.can't D.shall
5.A.south B.centre C.east D.west
6.A.while B.until C.before D.after
7.A.gave B.sent C.lent D.bought
8.A.hurry B.surprise C.safety D.danger
9.A.Something B.Nothing C.No D.None
10.A.again B.once C.across D.away
11.A.happy B.sorry C.tired D.right
12.A.on purpose B.by design C.at last D.by mistake
13.A.garden B.house C.camp D.office
14.A.in B.on C.with D.for
15.A.correctly B.quickly C.crazily D.anxiously
四、语法填空
Dr Richard Fairhurst, ①_____ new book The New Age of Invention has just been published, is being interviewed. The following is what he tells us.
There ②_____ (be) golden ages of invention throughout history. In Ancient China, there were the four great ③_____ (invention ): gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass. They ④_____ (change) the world forever. There were the great Western inventions; the steam engine, the telephone and ⑤_____ radio. And now, we are in the great new age of technology, when most of the new great inventions are tech-based. For example, advances in virtual ⑥_____ (real), wearable tech and the flexible battery, mean we should soon be seeing further developments. ⑦_____ addition, new inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. What's more, it's possible ⑧_____ (create) an intelligent walking house.
Most inventions start with ⑨_____ (recognise) a problem that needs a solution. But what remains ⑩_____ (importance) is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that's the real spirit of invention.
五、写作
1.假定你是李华,暑期在新西兰旅游期间看到某动物救助中心的招聘广告,你很想参与其中。请结合以下要点给该中心写一封申请信。
1.询问可否短期兼职;
2.介绍自身优势;
3.希望得到回复。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Many people believe that classical music is not related to young people today. However, this issue (问题) frequently causes heated debate.
Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people. For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority is over the age of fifty.
Others say it is more popular than we first imagine. Many young people listen to classical music without realising. It is often used in films and advertisements. For example, a famous piece of classical music was used as the theme music for the 1990 World Cup. Not many people could have given its name, but millions enjoyed it.
However, young people point to the fact that classical music has been outstripped (超越) by technology. To play a classical instrument, such as a violin, you need to study hard and practise for hours. Nowadays, you don't need to get aching arms from practising. A teenager can write and make music using a computer programme in the comfort of their own bedroom.
A final point to bear in mind is that the term "classical music" is used to refer to a great variety of music, from jazz to pieces for large orchestras (管弦乐队). This makes it even more difficult to say whether classical music is relevant to young people.
So, it may be only a minority of young people who play classical instruments, but when it comes to enjoying classical music, it depends on the piece of music. It may be more relevant to young people in the modern world than they realise!
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：1-4.ACBD
解析：语篇解读:本文介绍了一款新型牙刷Kolibree的功能以及发明者Serval发明这款产品的原因和目的。
1.解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中"An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone."可知这种电子牙刷能够感知到你刷牙用了多长时间,刷的有多么好。故A项正确。
2.解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中"It's kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis," says Thomas Serval, the French inventor.可知使用这款牙刷就像是有一名牙医在观察你刷牙。故C项说法正确。
3.解析:细节理解题。根据文章第四段中"You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. "We try to make it smart but also fun,' Serval says."可知这款牙刷还能用来玩游戏,这就更增加了它的趣味性。故B项正确。
4.解析:段落大意题。本段主要是叙述Serval发明这一物品的原因。根据第一句"Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father."可知他是为了监督孩子更好地刷牙才发明了这一产品。故D项正确。
2.答案：1-4.BDAD
解析：语篇解读:本文是一篇研究报告。在夜间取自奶牛的牛奶含有大量的褪黑激素,能帮助人们入睡,减少焦虑。
1.解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知饮用夜间取的牛奶的老鼠比饮用白天取的牛奶的老鼠不那么活跃、不那么焦虑。故选B项。
2.解析:细节理解题。根据第六段中的"taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night"可知褪黑激素被用在安眠药中。故选D项。
3.解析:主旨大意题。根据第二段可知,饮用在夜间取自奶牛的牛奶能帮助人们入睡,减少焦虑。故选A项。
4.解析:篇章结构题。本文是通过提供研究结果来支持第一段所提出的中心论点。故选D项。
3.答案：1-4.ADBC
解析：1.语篇解读:孩子,只要你有想象力,喜欢解决问题,你就可能成为下一位发明家!
解析:细节理解题。由第一段中的"Don't worry about a little thing like age."可知,你这么说是想表明你太小,还不能取得任何成就。
2.解析:细节理解题。由第二段最后一句"Kids are known for looking at things in new and unique ways."可知,他们看待问题和思考问题的方式不同。
3.解析:细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段"At the age of 15, Louis Braille invented the system named after him that allows the blind to read."可知答案。
4.解析:主旨大意题。本文通过举例说明了孩子成为发明家的可能性。
4.答案：1-4.DCCB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,有一次,她妈妈发现简抱着一把虫子上床睡觉;她没有尖叫,而是解释说,她的新的小朋友需要土壤来存活,于是她们一起带着它们回到了花园。由此可知,简的妈妈发现床上有虫子时,她解释说它们喜欢土壤,故选D项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Reading did its usual quiet but life-changing thing..."可知,简梦想在野外工作的主要原因是她童年时代的阅读经历,故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知,简在她的第一本书《在人类的阴影下》中写道:“我越想我给自己设定的任务,我就越泄气。”由此可推断出,简在非洲的头两个月感觉很绝望,故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,哈佛大学的Stephen Jay Gould说:“我们现在必须重新思考‘工具’和‘人’这两个词的含义,或者接受黑猩猩是人类。”由此推断出,Stephen Jay Gould的话暗示着简的发现很重要,故选B项。
二、
答案：FGDAB
解析：
语篇解读:发光二极管的使用在我们的日常生活中极为普遍,难怪三位发展了蓝光LED的科学家获得了2014年诺贝尔物理学奖。
①解析:发光二极管照亮我们的电视屏、电脑屏、手机屏等几乎每一件电子产品,故F项(它们也照亮我们的家和办公室)符合上下文语境。
②解析:上文提到LED灯的性能以及优点,下文提到几个科学家因蓝光LED的研究而获奖,故此处选择G项(然而如果没有蓝光LED的发明,所有这些也将不会成为可能),说明蓝光LED的重要性。
③解析:上文提到紧凑型荧光灯比白炽灯更高效,下文提到紧凑型荧光灯不受欢迎的原因,故选D项(然而它们并不是很受人欢迎)承上启下。
④解析:此处与上文中的came up with the idea相呼应。A项紧承上文,提示下文要介绍上文所提出的该想法的原理。
⑤解析:上文提到电子轨道和行星轨道有相似之处,下文提到了不同点,故B项(但二者有区别)承上启下。
三、
答案：1-5.BADAB; 6-10.CADBA; 11-15.BDCCA
解析：1.但是(but)他的妻子不愿意他离开她。前后句之间为转折关系,故选B。and和;but但是;or或者;so因此。
2.妻子不愿意他离开(leave)她。根据下句allowed her to go, too可知,选A。leave 离开;miss思念;marry结婚;care关心。
3.琼斯先生警告(warn)她:“天气非常炎热,我们将住在帐篷里,可能会非常危险。”丈夫警告妻子,非洲的生活非常简陋、不舒适,这是一种警告,故选D。inform 通知;advise建议;report报道;warn警告。
4.天气非常炎热,我们将住在帐篷里,可能(may)会非常危险。存在危险是一种可能,故选A。may或许;ought理应;can't不可能;shall应该。
5.所以他们买了一个大号的帐篷,野营床垫,还有很多其他东西,然后出发来到了非洲中部(centre)。根据文章首句中的make a trip into the middle of Africa可知,选B。south 南部;centre中部;east东部;west西部。
6.第一天早餐,在琼斯先生拿着相机离开帐篷之前(before),他给了妻子一个铃铛。铃铛是琼斯先生在离开之前交给妻子的。故选C。while在……的同时;until直到……; before在……之前;after在……之后。
7.他交给(give)妻子一个铃铛,还解释了理由。give 给;send寄送;lend借给;buy买。
8.如果你感到有危险(danger),就摇响铃铛。根据前文it may be dangerous可知,选D。hurry 匆忙;surprise惊讶;safety安全;danger危险。
9.“没什么(nothing),”他的妻子说,“我不过是试试这个铃铛。”根据only trying the bell 可知,没有发生什么,故选B。something某事;nothing没事;no不;none一个也没有。
10.琼斯先生离开了,但是过了一会儿,铃声又(again)响了。这是铃声第二次响起,因此选A。again又,再;once一次;across跨过;away离开。
11.对不起(sorry),“我”在帐篷里打扫卫生,不小心打翻了铃铛。妻子不小心弄响铃铛,感到愧疚,故选B。happy高兴的;sorry抱歉的;tired劳累的;right正确的。
12.妻子不小心(by mistake)打翻了铃铛。根据cleaning our tent可知,妻子在打扫帐篷时打翻了铃铛,不是有意的,故选D。on purpose有意地;by design故意地;at last终于;by mistake无意地。
13.当他返回营地(camp)的时候,帐篷起火了。琼斯先生听到铃铛声后急忙返回营地,故选C。garden花园;house房屋;camp营地;office办公室。
14.这时琼斯夫人躺在地上,血从肩头上的伤口流下来。with复合结构表示伴随。in 在……里面;on在……上面;with在……情况下;for为了。
15.这一次铃铛的使用方法是对(correctly)的。琼斯先生说遇到危险的时候摇响铃铛,所以他认为这一次使用铃铛是正确的。correctly正确地;quickly快速地;crazily疯狂地;anxiously焦急地。
四、
答案：① whose② have been③ inventions④ changed⑤ the
⑥ reality⑦ In⑧ to create⑨ recognising⑩ important
解析：①考查定语从句。设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词Dr Richard Fairhurst，且设空处在定语从句中作定语，故填whose。
②考查动词的时态。句意:贯穿整个历史,一直有发明的黄金时代。根据语境可知用现在完成时。
③考查名词复数。根据前面的four可知答案为名词复数形式。
④考查动词的时态。中国古代的四大发明改变了世界，所以用一般过去时。
⑤考查冠词。结合前面的the steam engine, the telephone可知答案为the。
⑥考查名词。virtual意为“虚拟的”，形容词应修饰名词。reality意为“现实”。
⑦考查固定搭配。in addition另外，为固定搭配。
⑧考查不定式。it为形式主语，后面的不定式作真正的主语。
⑨考查动名词。设空处作介词with的宾语。
⑩考查形容词。remain是系动词，后跟形容词作表语。
五、
1.答案：
Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm writing to get some more information about the job advertised in the newspaper and apply for it. I wonder if you take on temporary helping hands.
I think I'm fully qualified for the job. First, I love animals and can take good care of them. Besides, I'm honest and can cooperate with people well. To sum up, I consider it a good chance to know more about English culture by working in your animal centre. And I'd appreciate it if you could give me the chance.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
2.答案：
The issue of whether classical music is connected with young people causes heated debate.（要点1）Some people say classical music is only associated with old people and not realised by young people when they listen to.（要点2）However, young people state that technology has put classical music at a disadvantage but classical music refers to all sorts of music.（要点3）Therefore, classical music may still be related to young people today.（要点4）
2