外研版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 6 Disaster and hope B卷 能力提升（含答案）
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Unit 6 B卷 能力提升
一、阅读理解
1. The earthquake affected the students of the destroyed areas in many ways: losing parents, being scared and feeling lonely. How can we help them
How will the earthquake affect the teenagers mentally
They'll have feelings of fear, anger and feel they are not safe. They will find it hard to focus. They will tend to cry and shout and tremble. And they might be afraid to be alone.
What will happen if they are not helped
The teenagers will find it hard to live in a balanced way. If things get worse they might not be able to focus on their studies. They might give up on life.
How can we help them overcome these problems
The first thing is to build up trust with them. Show your sympathy and sadness, and be their friend. Then you have to give them a sense of safety. Tell them that there's a solution to every problem. Thirdly, try to satisfy their psychological needs. Be a good listener if he or she needs to talk.
Some of us were not directly affected by the earthquake but have seen images on TV and feel scared. What should we do
Talk with an adult and/or share your feelings with someone who might feel similar. If this doesn't help, then you should see a doctor for professional help.
1.What's the best title of the passage
A.The Scare Caused by the Earthquake
B.Dealing with the Pain Left Behind After the Earthquake
C.How to Get a Sense of Safety
D.The Psychological Needs
2.The earthquake will affect the teenagers mentally. Which of the following statements is not included
A.They'll tend to cry and shout and tremble. B.They may be afraid to be alone.
C.They'll feel unsafe. D.They'll feel sympathetic.
3.From the passage, we can infer that _________.
A.the scare caused by the earthquake can be relieved quickly
B.seeing a doctor is the most important measure to deal with the problems
C.the images on TV can also affect people and even cause problems
D.to help them overcome these problems, we should always talk with them
2. An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits(短路) and fire breakouts during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris(瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Use a whistle(哨子) if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.
1.The purpose of the passage is to tell readers _______.
A.the damage caused by earthquakes B.the rescue work after earthquakes
C.what to do about earthquakes D.how to prevent earthquakes
2.The underlined word "Fragile" in Paragraph 2 probably means "________".
A.easily broken B.easily found C.expensive D.heavy
3.To reduce the injury from the earthquake, items made of glass should be put __________.
A.on cupboards B.in the bedroom
C.on a lower surface D.where children can't reach them
4.During the earthquake, people are advised to __________.
A.go out of the building at once B.turn off power and gas immediately
C.take shelter under a tree D.drive to a safe place
3. Dogs may help save the day in the Philippines, as they use their noses to smell out survivors buried by Friday's mudslide(泥石流). The team of dogs arrived in the Philippines from Spain, and this Tuesday they were just beginning their work. Search officials told CNN they hope the recent rain will wash away the smell of rescue teams so the dogs can do their job more accurately.
The dogs were brought in after sound equipment found sounds coming from deep inside the ruins, at a place where a school stood before the mudslide covered it. The sounds could mean people are still alive under all the mud or it could just be the earth resettling.
On Monday, rescue workers worked at the school site until three in the morning, trying to locate survivors, and they will begin digging again as soon as the dogs think they find someone.
Human teams from the US, Malaysia, and Australia are all trying to help, too. But so far they have yet to locate any survivors. Rescue workers told CNN that an earlier report that 50 survivors had been found was false.
How did all that mud bury the village in the first place On Friday, 2,400-foot Mt Can-abag turned into a mudslide after two weeks of constant rain weakened it. The mountain crumbled and the mud fell onto the village Guinsaugon, burying the 1,800 people who lived there. Out of the 300 houses in the village, only 3 were not covered by the mud. The village is on a southern Philippine Island called Leyte. Rescue efforts have been difficult because the village takes six hours to reach from the nearest airport. Hopefully, the dogs can help their human friends find survivors.
1. What can we learn from the search officials' words in the first paragraph
A. The smell of rescue teams can disturb the dogs.
B. The dogs can follow the smell of rescue teams.
C. The dogs can't smell the rescue teams.
D. The dogs can tell the smells of buried people and rescue teams apart.
2. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To show the way to rescue the victims in the ruins.
B. To introduce the instruments to save victims in a disaster.
C. To tell readers that dogs can smell out victims buried in the ruins.
D. To show how to train dogs to save victims in a mudslide.
3. How many survivors have been found by the dogs
A. 50. B. Only a few. C. 1,800. D. None.
4. What can be the possible reason that prevented the rescue work from going smoothly
A. The rain was heavy.
B. So many people were buried.
C. It was difficult to reach the village.
D. There is little chance to save the survivors.
4. The scientific study of earthquakes is comparatively new. Until the 18th century, few factual descriptions of earthquakes were recorded, and the natural causes of earthquakes were not well understood.
The earliest earthquake for which we have descriptive information occurred in China in 1177 BC. The Chinese earthquake catalog (目录) describes several dozen large earthquakes in China during the next few thousand years. Earthquakes in Europe were mentioned as early as 580 BC, but the earliest for which we have some descriptive information occurred in the mid-16th century. The earliest known earthquakes in the Americas were in Mexico in the late 14th century and in Peru in 1471, but descriptions of the effects were not well recorded. By the 17th century, descriptions of the effects of earthquakes were being published around the world.
The most widely felt earthquakes in the recorded history of North America were a series that occurred in 1811-1812 near New Madrid, Missouri. A great earthquake, whose magnitude is reported to have been about 8, occurred on the morning of December 16, 1811. Another great earthquake occurred on January 23, 1812, and a third, the strongest yet, on February 7, 1812. Aftershocks (余震) were nearly continuous between these great earthquakes and continued for months afterwards. These earthquakes were felt by people as far away as Boston and Denver. Because the population in these regions was small, the destruction of human life and property was slight.
The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 was one of the most destructive in the recorded history of North America——the earthquake and the fire that followed killed nearly 700 people and left the city in ruins.
1. When did published descriptions of the effects of earthquakes become popular in the world
A. In the 1300s.
B. In the 1400s.
C. In the 1500s.
D. In the 1600s.
2. What do we know about the earthquakes in 1811-1812 in North America
A. They killed a large number of people.
B. They occurred in San Francisco.
C. They could be felt very far away.
D. They almost destroyed entire cities.
3. What can we infer from the passage
A. Few earthquakes were scientifically studied before the 18th century.
B. Earthquakes can be avoided with the development of technology.
C. Most of the early earthquakes caused little damage.
D. People haven't found the causes of earthquakes so far.
4. What's the best title for this passage
A. The scientific study of earthquakes
B. Earthquakes in history
C. The effects of earthquakes on humans
D. Why earthquakes occur
二、七选五
In 1980 in Washington, after 123 years of hibernation, Mount St. Helens erupted. ①_____. The eruption released a lot of hot ash, gas, steam and rocks that moved down giant trees up to 15 miles away.
②_____. Some, like Mount St. Helens, explode. Volcanic eruptions are so powerful. They can shoot particles 20 miles up, and cause massive landslides. ③_____, which destroy everything in the path. Explosive volcanoes cause most of the volcano-related fatalities(死亡). Volcanoes, like Mauna Loa in Hawaii, are effusive(大量喷发的). Rather than a violent explosion, lava pours or flows out. Fatalities from volcanoes are rare because people can usually outrun the lava. However, some people get too close or become trapped with no escape. ④_____.
Volcanic eruptions can cause damage hundreds of miles away. Volcanic ash causes airplane engines to fail, destroys crops, makes water dirty, and damages electronics and machinery. The ash covers the ground, burying everything, sometimes even causing buildings to fall down.
A volcanic eruption forever changes the landscape. ⑤_____, they also create mountains, islands, and, eventually, rich land.
A. Volcanoes are very harmful
B. Though volcanoes destroy
C. Volcanoes erupt in different ways
D. Better ways must be found to deal with volcanoes
E. Volcanic eruptions also create a fall of hot volcanic debris, ash and gas
F. The blast destroyed 230 square miles of forest within minutes
G. The flowing lava destroys everything it touches including farms, houses and roads
三、完形填空
I was walking home from school one day and it happened to be a particularly cold and windy day. It was 1 and I was crazy enough to forget my hat and scarf. You can imagine my cheeks were rosy red and my hands were as numb as they could be.
All of a sudden, an old lady 2 up beside me and asked if I would like a ride home. At first, I said it was OK and her 3 smile melted(融化) away the thought that I should never talk to strangers! We had an amazing chat and she was just 4 a good woman. She told me her address and she dropped me off.
I didn't see her or talk to her for about a month and one night as I 5 her kind gesture, I decided to return the favor. So, I made a lot of 6 and walked down to her house with my friend. At first I was a bit 7 she wouldn't remember me or think that I was a bad man who poisoned cookies but luckily, I was 8 wrong. She was so happy, and she hugged me and kissed me and seemed so 9 that someone would do something like that!
When I got home my mom told me that the old lady 10 and told my mom on the phone that she 11 because she was so touched. She said she would never 12 the kindness that was given to her! That filled me with such 13 ! There really is nothing else joyful like helping 14 and making someone's day 15 !
1. A. flowing B. flying C. blowing D. freezing
2. A. drove B. took C. picked D. turned
3. A. simple B. strange C. warm D. easy
4. A. that B. as C. so D. such
5. A. repeated B. regretted C. remembered D. forgot
6. A. cookies B. sweets C. bread D. salad
7. A. confused B. worried C. nervous D. disappointed
8. A. hardly B. usually C. generally D. completely
9. A. satisfied B. fearful C. puzzled D. surprised
10. A. drove B. called C. visited D. came
11. A. left B. laughed C. cried D. slept
12. A. forget B. imagine C. permit D. pardon
13. A. puzzle B. happiness C. sadness D. interest
14. A. another B. other C. others D. the other
15. A. easier B. harder C. busier D. brighter
四、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes ①________(little) damage than the lava that can bury everything in its path under the ②________ (melt) rock. However, the ③________ (erupt) is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one. I was fast asleep ④________ my bed began shaking and I heard a sound like a train ⑤________ (pass) by my window. The light ⑥________ (cause) by the red hot rocks made my bedroom as bright as day ⑦________ though it was night. Red hot lava was rising hundreds of metres into the air. It was an ⑧________ (absolute) fantastic sight. ⑨________ (study) volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their ⑩________ (beautiful) as well as their potential to cause great damage.
五、写作
1. 近年来全球极端气候和重大自然灾害发生地越来越频繁, 其中很大一部分是人类活动所造成的。某学校英语倶乐部针对此话题正在举办征文活动, 警示人们要保护环境。请你写一篇英语短文参与投稿。
注意:
1.要列举极端气候或自然灾害及其造成的影响;
2.分析原因;
3.呼吁人们关爱地球, 保护环境。
词数:80左右。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there are no fixed attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom, so did the king of England in 1546, thus beginning a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good for health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea that clothes need to be whiter than white. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者的) position is gaining some grounds. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：1-3.BDC
解析：语篇解读:地震会给灾区的学生带来极大的伤害,他们要么失去双亲,要么惊慌失措、孤独不安。怎样帮助他们,是摆在我们面前的首要任务。
1.解析:主旨大意题。文章主要论述了如何消除震后人们的伤痛、恐惧等心理问题,故选B项。
2.解析:细节理解题。文章第三段中提到A、B和C三项中孩子们感到孤独,害怕,不安,只是没有D项中的“他们有同情心”。故选D项。
3.解析:推理判断题。根据文章最后两段可知电视上播放的地震也会给人带来恐惧和心理问题,尽管他们没有经历过地震,故C项正确。
2.答案：1-4.CACB
解析：语篇解读:这是说明文,短文介绍应对地震的一些安全措施。
1.解析:推理判断题。从第一段的"So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members."可知,本文主要目的是介绍地震时应采取的一些安全措施,故选C项。
2.解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词后所给的例子like those made of glass及段末的pieces可知这里指“易碎的”,故选A项。
3.解析:细节理解题。从第二段的"those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface"可知,作者建议玻璃制品不要放在高处,尽量放在低处,故选C项。
4.解析:细节理解题。从第三段的"Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens."可知,地震时在室内的话应首先关闭电源和煤气。故选B项。
3.答案：1-4 ACDC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段第三句可知，他们希望最近的降雨能够洗掉救援队的气味，这样狗才能更准确地执行任务，由此判断，救援队人员的气味会影响到狗的搜救工作。因此A项正确。
2.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句及最后一段末句可知，这篇文章主要想告诉读者，狗可以嗅出埋在废墟中的受害者。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段末句可知，希望这些狗能帮助它们的人类朋友找到幸存者、由此推知，目前还没有发现幸存者。因此D项正确。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，救援工作一直很困难，因为从最近的机场到这个村庄需要6个小时，由此推知，村庄地处偏远，交通不便给救援工作带来困难。因此C项正确。
4.答案：1-4 DCAB
解析：1. D 根据第二段最后一句 "By the 17th century, descriptions of the effects of earthquakes were being published around the world." 可知， 答案为D。
2. C 根据第三段中的 "These earthquakes were felt by people as far away as Boston and Denver." 可知，答案为 C。
3. A 根据第一段中的"Until the 18th century, few factual descriptions of earthquakes were recorded..." 可推断，答案为 A。
4. B通读全文可知，本文简要介绍了历史上有记载的几次大地震， 故答案为B。
二、
答案：①-⑤ FCEGB
解析：①上文提到“1980年在华盛顿，休眠了123年后，圣海伦斯火山爆发了”，F项“这次爆发在几分钟内摧毁了230平方英里的森林”可承接上文。
②下文提到圣海伦斯火山是爆发，莫纳罗亚火山是喷发。由此可知，火山爆发的方式不同，所以用C项引出下文。
③根据下文的“毁坏了路上的一切”可知，E项符合语境。
④上文提到“岩浆流出来”，G项“流动的岩浆摧毁它所触及的一切，包括农场、房屋和道路”可承接上文。
⑤根据下文的“它们还创造了山脉、岛屿，最后是肥沃的土地”可知，B项符合语境。
三、
答案：1-5 DACDC 6-10 ABDDB 11-15 CABCD
解析：1.根据空前的a particularly cold and windy day可知天气非常寒冷。flowing平滑的; flying会飞的; blowing刮风的; freezing极冷的, 故选D。
2.根据空后的asked if I would like a ride home可知一位老妇人开车驶到“我”身旁, 问“我”是否需要搭车回家。drive驾驶; take拿; pick挑选; turn转动, 故选A。
3.根据空后的melted (融化) away the thought可知这位老妇人温暖的笑容打消了“我”原有的想法。simple简单的; strange奇怪的; warm温暖的; easy容易的, 故选C。
4.根据文章语境可知, 通过聊天“我”发现她是如此好的一个人。"such+a(n)+形容词+单数名词"为固定结构, 表示 “如此……的一个……”。故选D。
5.根据空后的I decided to return the favor可知一个月后的一个晚上“我”想起了这位老妇人的善行, 我决定报答她。 repeat 重复; regret后悔; remember想起; forget忘记, 故选 C。
6.根据下文中的think that I was a bad man who poisoned cookies可知, “我”为她做了很多甜饼干。cookie甜饼干; sweet糖果; bread面包; salad沙拉, 故选A。
7.根据空后的 she wouldn't remember me or think that I was a bad man who poisoned cookies可知“我”担心她不记得“我”或把“我”当成坏人。confused困惑的; worried担心的; nervous紧张的; disappointed失望的, 故选B。
8.根据空后的She was so happy, and she hugged me and kissed me可知, 事实证明“我”的想法完全错误, 她看到“我” 很高兴并热情地拥抱亲吻了“我”。hardly几乎不; usually通常; generally —般地; completely完全地, 故选D。
9.根据空后的that someone would do something like that可知 “我”的做法让她感到很惊讶。satisfied满意的; fearful可怕的; puzzled困惑的; surprised吃惊的, 故选D。
10.根据空后的told my mom on the phone可知这位老妇人打电话给“我”妈妈。drive驾驶; call打电话; visit拜访; come来, 故选B。
11.根据空后的because she was so touched可知她感动哭了。 leave离开; laugh笑; cry哭; sleep睡觉, 故选C。
12.根据文章语境可知, 她说永远也不会忘记“我”的好意。 forget忘记; imagine想象; permit允许; pardon原谅, 故选A。
13.根据空后的There really is nothing else joyful...可知, 听到老妇人这样说, “我”的心里充满了幸福。puzzle难题; happiness 幸福; sadness悲伤; interest兴趣, 故选B。
14.根据文章语境可知, 此处是说没有什么比帮助他人更让人感到快乐的事情了。another另一个; other其他; others其他人; the other另一个, 故选C。
15.上文说帮助他人, 此处是说使别人的日子变得更明亮。 easier更容易; harder更难的; busier更忙碌; brighter更明亮, 故选D。
四、
答案：less ; molten ; eruption ; when ; passing; caused ; even ; absolutely ; Having studied; beauty
解析：①解析:名词damage不可数,后面的连词than和less构成比较级句型。
②解析:理解句意可知,这些岩石已经融化了,而不是正在融化,故用molten。
③解析:定冠词后面应该跟名词。
④解析:根据句意可知,“我”的床开始摇晃的时候“我”正在熟睡中,故时间状语从句的连词用when。
⑤解析:介词like后面跟动名词作宾语, a train是动名词的逻辑主语。
⑥解析:过去分词短语作后置定语,表示被动。
⑦解析:even though“即使”引导让步状语从句。
⑧解析:修饰形容词时要用副词。
⑨解析:本题用分词短语作状语,分词短语中的时间状语for many years表明study的动作在谓语动作之前持续了好多年,故用现在分词的完成式作状语。
⑩解析:形容词性物主代词后面应该跟名词。
五、
1、答案：One possible version:
Over the past years, there have been frequent extreme weather and natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, snowstorms, earthquakes and so on. These have killed millions of people and destroyed countless homes.
Improper human activities contribute a lot to those disasters. We have cut down too many trees, badly polluted the environment, and wasted plenty of resources. What we have done is threatening human survival and development.
So it is high time that we protected our environment. We should plant more trees, reduce the use of vehicles and save resources like water and electricity. Everyone can make a difference to the environment. Only if we stop damaging the earth and do our best to protect it can we make the world a pleasant place to live in.
2、答案：One possible version:
People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点1) For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. (要点2) Nevertheless, people began to change their attitudes to dirt. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要点3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help build up our immune system. (要点4)
2
一、阅读理解
1. The earthquake affected the students of the destroyed areas in many ways: losing parents, being scared and feeling lonely. How can we help them
How will the earthquake affect the teenagers mentally
They'll have feelings of fear, anger and feel they are not safe. They will find it hard to focus. They will tend to cry and shout and tremble. And they might be afraid to be alone.
What will happen if they are not helped
The teenagers will find it hard to live in a balanced way. If things get worse they might not be able to focus on their studies. They might give up on life.
How can we help them overcome these problems
The first thing is to build up trust with them. Show your sympathy and sadness, and be their friend. Then you have to give them a sense of safety. Tell them that there's a solution to every problem. Thirdly, try to satisfy their psychological needs. Be a good listener if he or she needs to talk.
Some of us were not directly affected by the earthquake but have seen images on TV and feel scared. What should we do
Talk with an adult and/or share your feelings with someone who might feel similar. If this doesn't help, then you should see a doctor for professional help.
1.What's the best title of the passage
A.The Scare Caused by the Earthquake
B.Dealing with the Pain Left Behind After the Earthquake
C.How to Get a Sense of Safety
D.The Psychological Needs
2.The earthquake will affect the teenagers mentally. Which of the following statements is not included
A.They'll tend to cry and shout and tremble. B.They may be afraid to be alone.
C.They'll feel unsafe. D.They'll feel sympathetic.
3.From the passage, we can infer that _________.
A.the scare caused by the earthquake can be relieved quickly
B.seeing a doctor is the most important measure to deal with the problems
C.the images on TV can also affect people and even cause problems
D.to help them overcome these problems, we should always talk with them
2. An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits(短路) and fire breakouts during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris(瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Use a whistle(哨子) if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.
1.The purpose of the passage is to tell readers _______.
A.the damage caused by earthquakes B.the rescue work after earthquakes
C.what to do about earthquakes D.how to prevent earthquakes
2.The underlined word "Fragile" in Paragraph 2 probably means "________".
A.easily broken B.easily found C.expensive D.heavy
3.To reduce the injury from the earthquake, items made of glass should be put __________.
A.on cupboards B.in the bedroom
C.on a lower surface D.where children can't reach them
4.During the earthquake, people are advised to __________.
A.go out of the building at once B.turn off power and gas immediately
C.take shelter under a tree D.drive to a safe place
3. Dogs may help save the day in the Philippines, as they use their noses to smell out survivors buried by Friday's mudslide(泥石流). The team of dogs arrived in the Philippines from Spain, and this Tuesday they were just beginning their work. Search officials told CNN they hope the recent rain will wash away the smell of rescue teams so the dogs can do their job more accurately.
The dogs were brought in after sound equipment found sounds coming from deep inside the ruins, at a place where a school stood before the mudslide covered it. The sounds could mean people are still alive under all the mud or it could just be the earth resettling.
On Monday, rescue workers worked at the school site until three in the morning, trying to locate survivors, and they will begin digging again as soon as the dogs think they find someone.
Human teams from the US, Malaysia, and Australia are all trying to help, too. But so far they have yet to locate any survivors. Rescue workers told CNN that an earlier report that 50 survivors had been found was false.
How did all that mud bury the village in the first place On Friday, 2,400-foot Mt Can-abag turned into a mudslide after two weeks of constant rain weakened it. The mountain crumbled and the mud fell onto the village Guinsaugon, burying the 1,800 people who lived there. Out of the 300 houses in the village, only 3 were not covered by the mud. The village is on a southern Philippine Island called Leyte. Rescue efforts have been difficult because the village takes six hours to reach from the nearest airport. Hopefully, the dogs can help their human friends find survivors.
1. What can we learn from the search officials' words in the first paragraph
A. The smell of rescue teams can disturb the dogs.
B. The dogs can follow the smell of rescue teams.
C. The dogs can't smell the rescue teams.
D. The dogs can tell the smells of buried people and rescue teams apart.
2. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To show the way to rescue the victims in the ruins.
B. To introduce the instruments to save victims in a disaster.
C. To tell readers that dogs can smell out victims buried in the ruins.
D. To show how to train dogs to save victims in a mudslide.
3. How many survivors have been found by the dogs
A. 50. B. Only a few. C. 1,800. D. None.
4. What can be the possible reason that prevented the rescue work from going smoothly
A. The rain was heavy.
B. So many people were buried.
C. It was difficult to reach the village.
D. There is little chance to save the survivors.
4. The scientific study of earthquakes is comparatively new. Until the 18th century, few factual descriptions of earthquakes were recorded, and the natural causes of earthquakes were not well understood.
The earliest earthquake for which we have descriptive information occurred in China in 1177 BC. The Chinese earthquake catalog (目录) describes several dozen large earthquakes in China during the next few thousand years. Earthquakes in Europe were mentioned as early as 580 BC, but the earliest for which we have some descriptive information occurred in the mid-16th century. The earliest known earthquakes in the Americas were in Mexico in the late 14th century and in Peru in 1471, but descriptions of the effects were not well recorded. By the 17th century, descriptions of the effects of earthquakes were being published around the world.
The most widely felt earthquakes in the recorded history of North America were a series that occurred in 1811-1812 near New Madrid, Missouri. A great earthquake, whose magnitude is reported to have been about 8, occurred on the morning of December 16, 1811. Another great earthquake occurred on January 23, 1812, and a third, the strongest yet, on February 7, 1812. Aftershocks (余震) were nearly continuous between these great earthquakes and continued for months afterwards. These earthquakes were felt by people as far away as Boston and Denver. Because the population in these regions was small, the destruction of human life and property was slight.
The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 was one of the most destructive in the recorded history of North America——the earthquake and the fire that followed killed nearly 700 people and left the city in ruins.
1. When did published descriptions of the effects of earthquakes become popular in the world
A. In the 1300s.
B. In the 1400s.
C. In the 1500s.
D. In the 1600s.
2. What do we know about the earthquakes in 1811-1812 in North America
A. They killed a large number of people.
B. They occurred in San Francisco.
C. They could be felt very far away.
D. They almost destroyed entire cities.
3. What can we infer from the passage
A. Few earthquakes were scientifically studied before the 18th century.
B. Earthquakes can be avoided with the development of technology.
C. Most of the early earthquakes caused little damage.
D. People haven't found the causes of earthquakes so far.
4. What's the best title for this passage
A. The scientific study of earthquakes
B. Earthquakes in history
C. The effects of earthquakes on humans
D. Why earthquakes occur
二、七选五
In 1980 in Washington, after 123 years of hibernation, Mount St. Helens erupted. ①_____. The eruption released a lot of hot ash, gas, steam and rocks that moved down giant trees up to 15 miles away.
②_____. Some, like Mount St. Helens, explode. Volcanic eruptions are so powerful. They can shoot particles 20 miles up, and cause massive landslides. ③_____, which destroy everything in the path. Explosive volcanoes cause most of the volcano-related fatalities(死亡). Volcanoes, like Mauna Loa in Hawaii, are effusive(大量喷发的). Rather than a violent explosion, lava pours or flows out. Fatalities from volcanoes are rare because people can usually outrun the lava. However, some people get too close or become trapped with no escape. ④_____.
Volcanic eruptions can cause damage hundreds of miles away. Volcanic ash causes airplane engines to fail, destroys crops, makes water dirty, and damages electronics and machinery. The ash covers the ground, burying everything, sometimes even causing buildings to fall down.
A volcanic eruption forever changes the landscape. ⑤_____, they also create mountains, islands, and, eventually, rich land.
A. Volcanoes are very harmful
B. Though volcanoes destroy
C. Volcanoes erupt in different ways
D. Better ways must be found to deal with volcanoes
E. Volcanic eruptions also create a fall of hot volcanic debris, ash and gas
F. The blast destroyed 230 square miles of forest within minutes
G. The flowing lava destroys everything it touches including farms, houses and roads
三、完形填空
I was walking home from school one day and it happened to be a particularly cold and windy day. It was 1 and I was crazy enough to forget my hat and scarf. You can imagine my cheeks were rosy red and my hands were as numb as they could be.
All of a sudden, an old lady 2 up beside me and asked if I would like a ride home. At first, I said it was OK and her 3 smile melted(融化) away the thought that I should never talk to strangers! We had an amazing chat and she was just 4 a good woman. She told me her address and she dropped me off.
I didn't see her or talk to her for about a month and one night as I 5 her kind gesture, I decided to return the favor. So, I made a lot of 6 and walked down to her house with my friend. At first I was a bit 7 she wouldn't remember me or think that I was a bad man who poisoned cookies but luckily, I was 8 wrong. She was so happy, and she hugged me and kissed me and seemed so 9 that someone would do something like that!
When I got home my mom told me that the old lady 10 and told my mom on the phone that she 11 because she was so touched. She said she would never 12 the kindness that was given to her! That filled me with such 13 ! There really is nothing else joyful like helping 14 and making someone's day 15 !
1. A. flowing B. flying C. blowing D. freezing
2. A. drove B. took C. picked D. turned
3. A. simple B. strange C. warm D. easy
4. A. that B. as C. so D. such
5. A. repeated B. regretted C. remembered D. forgot
6. A. cookies B. sweets C. bread D. salad
7. A. confused B. worried C. nervous D. disappointed
8. A. hardly B. usually C. generally D. completely
9. A. satisfied B. fearful C. puzzled D. surprised
10. A. drove B. called C. visited D. came
11. A. left B. laughed C. cried D. slept
12. A. forget B. imagine C. permit D. pardon
13. A. puzzle B. happiness C. sadness D. interest
14. A. another B. other C. others D. the other
15. A. easier B. harder C. busier D. brighter
四、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes ①________(little) damage than the lava that can bury everything in its path under the ②________ (melt) rock. However, the ③________ (erupt) is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one. I was fast asleep ④________ my bed began shaking and I heard a sound like a train ⑤________ (pass) by my window. The light ⑥________ (cause) by the red hot rocks made my bedroom as bright as day ⑦________ though it was night. Red hot lava was rising hundreds of metres into the air. It was an ⑧________ (absolute) fantastic sight. ⑨________ (study) volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their ⑩________ (beautiful) as well as their potential to cause great damage.
五、写作
1. 近年来全球极端气候和重大自然灾害发生地越来越频繁, 其中很大一部分是人类活动所造成的。某学校英语倶乐部针对此话题正在举办征文活动, 警示人们要保护环境。请你写一篇英语短文参与投稿。
注意:
1.要列举极端气候或自然灾害及其造成的影响;
2.分析原因;
3.呼吁人们关爱地球, 保护环境。
词数:80左右。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there are no fixed attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom, so did the king of England in 1546, thus beginning a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good for health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea that clothes need to be whiter than white. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者的) position is gaining some grounds. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：1-3.BDC
解析：语篇解读:地震会给灾区的学生带来极大的伤害,他们要么失去双亲,要么惊慌失措、孤独不安。怎样帮助他们,是摆在我们面前的首要任务。
1.解析:主旨大意题。文章主要论述了如何消除震后人们的伤痛、恐惧等心理问题,故选B项。
2.解析:细节理解题。文章第三段中提到A、B和C三项中孩子们感到孤独,害怕,不安,只是没有D项中的“他们有同情心”。故选D项。
3.解析:推理判断题。根据文章最后两段可知电视上播放的地震也会给人带来恐惧和心理问题,尽管他们没有经历过地震,故C项正确。
2.答案：1-4.CACB
解析：语篇解读:这是说明文,短文介绍应对地震的一些安全措施。
1.解析:推理判断题。从第一段的"So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members."可知,本文主要目的是介绍地震时应采取的一些安全措施,故选C项。
2.解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词后所给的例子like those made of glass及段末的pieces可知这里指“易碎的”,故选A项。
3.解析:细节理解题。从第二段的"those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface"可知,作者建议玻璃制品不要放在高处,尽量放在低处,故选C项。
4.解析:细节理解题。从第三段的"Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens."可知,地震时在室内的话应首先关闭电源和煤气。故选B项。
3.答案：1-4 ACDC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段第三句可知，他们希望最近的降雨能够洗掉救援队的气味，这样狗才能更准确地执行任务，由此判断，救援队人员的气味会影响到狗的搜救工作。因此A项正确。
2.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句及最后一段末句可知，这篇文章主要想告诉读者，狗可以嗅出埋在废墟中的受害者。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段末句可知，希望这些狗能帮助它们的人类朋友找到幸存者、由此推知，目前还没有发现幸存者。因此D项正确。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，救援工作一直很困难，因为从最近的机场到这个村庄需要6个小时，由此推知，村庄地处偏远，交通不便给救援工作带来困难。因此C项正确。
4.答案：1-4 DCAB
解析：1. D 根据第二段最后一句 "By the 17th century, descriptions of the effects of earthquakes were being published around the world." 可知， 答案为D。
2. C 根据第三段中的 "These earthquakes were felt by people as far away as Boston and Denver." 可知，答案为 C。
3. A 根据第一段中的"Until the 18th century, few factual descriptions of earthquakes were recorded..." 可推断，答案为 A。
4. B通读全文可知，本文简要介绍了历史上有记载的几次大地震， 故答案为B。
二、
答案：①-⑤ FCEGB
解析：①上文提到“1980年在华盛顿，休眠了123年后，圣海伦斯火山爆发了”，F项“这次爆发在几分钟内摧毁了230平方英里的森林”可承接上文。
②下文提到圣海伦斯火山是爆发，莫纳罗亚火山是喷发。由此可知，火山爆发的方式不同，所以用C项引出下文。
③根据下文的“毁坏了路上的一切”可知，E项符合语境。
④上文提到“岩浆流出来”，G项“流动的岩浆摧毁它所触及的一切，包括农场、房屋和道路”可承接上文。
⑤根据下文的“它们还创造了山脉、岛屿，最后是肥沃的土地”可知，B项符合语境。
三、
答案：1-5 DACDC 6-10 ABDDB 11-15 CABCD
解析：1.根据空前的a particularly cold and windy day可知天气非常寒冷。flowing平滑的; flying会飞的; blowing刮风的; freezing极冷的, 故选D。
2.根据空后的asked if I would like a ride home可知一位老妇人开车驶到“我”身旁, 问“我”是否需要搭车回家。drive驾驶; take拿; pick挑选; turn转动, 故选A。
3.根据空后的melted (融化) away the thought可知这位老妇人温暖的笑容打消了“我”原有的想法。simple简单的; strange奇怪的; warm温暖的; easy容易的, 故选C。
4.根据文章语境可知, 通过聊天“我”发现她是如此好的一个人。"such+a(n)+形容词+单数名词"为固定结构, 表示 “如此……的一个……”。故选D。
5.根据空后的I decided to return the favor可知一个月后的一个晚上“我”想起了这位老妇人的善行, 我决定报答她。 repeat 重复; regret后悔; remember想起; forget忘记, 故选 C。
6.根据下文中的think that I was a bad man who poisoned cookies可知, “我”为她做了很多甜饼干。cookie甜饼干; sweet糖果; bread面包; salad沙拉, 故选A。
7.根据空后的 she wouldn't remember me or think that I was a bad man who poisoned cookies可知“我”担心她不记得“我”或把“我”当成坏人。confused困惑的; worried担心的; nervous紧张的; disappointed失望的, 故选B。
8.根据空后的She was so happy, and she hugged me and kissed me可知, 事实证明“我”的想法完全错误, 她看到“我” 很高兴并热情地拥抱亲吻了“我”。hardly几乎不; usually通常; generally —般地; completely完全地, 故选D。
9.根据空后的that someone would do something like that可知 “我”的做法让她感到很惊讶。satisfied满意的; fearful可怕的; puzzled困惑的; surprised吃惊的, 故选D。
10.根据空后的told my mom on the phone可知这位老妇人打电话给“我”妈妈。drive驾驶; call打电话; visit拜访; come来, 故选B。
11.根据空后的because she was so touched可知她感动哭了。 leave离开; laugh笑; cry哭; sleep睡觉, 故选C。
12.根据文章语境可知, 她说永远也不会忘记“我”的好意。 forget忘记; imagine想象; permit允许; pardon原谅, 故选A。
13.根据空后的There really is nothing else joyful...可知, 听到老妇人这样说, “我”的心里充满了幸福。puzzle难题; happiness 幸福; sadness悲伤; interest兴趣, 故选B。
14.根据文章语境可知, 此处是说没有什么比帮助他人更让人感到快乐的事情了。another另一个; other其他; others其他人; the other另一个, 故选C。
15.上文说帮助他人, 此处是说使别人的日子变得更明亮。 easier更容易; harder更难的; busier更忙碌; brighter更明亮, 故选D。
四、
答案：less ; molten ; eruption ; when ; passing; caused ; even ; absolutely ; Having studied; beauty
解析：①解析:名词damage不可数,后面的连词than和less构成比较级句型。
②解析:理解句意可知,这些岩石已经融化了,而不是正在融化,故用molten。
③解析:定冠词后面应该跟名词。
④解析:根据句意可知,“我”的床开始摇晃的时候“我”正在熟睡中,故时间状语从句的连词用when。
⑤解析:介词like后面跟动名词作宾语, a train是动名词的逻辑主语。
⑥解析:过去分词短语作后置定语,表示被动。
⑦解析:even though“即使”引导让步状语从句。
⑧解析:修饰形容词时要用副词。
⑨解析:本题用分词短语作状语,分词短语中的时间状语for many years表明study的动作在谓语动作之前持续了好多年,故用现在分词的完成式作状语。
⑩解析:形容词性物主代词后面应该跟名词。
五、
1、答案：One possible version:
Over the past years, there have been frequent extreme weather and natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, snowstorms, earthquakes and so on. These have killed millions of people and destroyed countless homes.
Improper human activities contribute a lot to those disasters. We have cut down too many trees, badly polluted the environment, and wasted plenty of resources. What we have done is threatening human survival and development.
So it is high time that we protected our environment. We should plant more trees, reduce the use of vehicles and save resources like water and electricity. Everyone can make a difference to the environment. Only if we stop damaging the earth and do our best to protect it can we make the world a pleasant place to live in.
2、答案：One possible version:
People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点1) For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. (要点2) Nevertheless, people began to change their attitudes to dirt. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要点3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help build up our immune system. (要点4)
2