【重难点精讲】河北省2014届中考英语外研考点解密：第二部分 语法专题突破 专题十 非谓语动词

专题十 非谓语动词
重难点精讲（懒人听书）考点精析
一、动词不定式
1. 作成分
功能例句作主语To learn math ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) well is difficult for us. 对我们来说学好数学很难。作表语Her job is to do the dishes. 她的工作是洗餐具。作宾语(包
括疑问词
加不定式)They decided to visit the Great Lakes.他们决定去参观五大湖区。
Could you tell me how to get to the train station 你能告诉我如何去火车站吗？作宾语
补足语The teacher asked us to turn off the lights. 老师让我们关掉灯。
Hard seats make custo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mers want to eat quickly and leave. 硬座位使顾客想要快点吃完就走。作定语I have a lot of books to read. 我有许多书要读。作状语To catch the train, we had to get up early. 为了赶上火车，我们必须早起。2. 常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
would like/want to do something.想要做某事
like to do something.喜欢做某事
agree to do something.同意做某事
hope/wish to do something.希望做某事
decide to do something.决定做某事
try to do something 尝试做某事
begin/start to do something 开始做某事
expect to do something 期望做某事
refuse to do something 拒绝做某事
afford to do something 负担得起
learn to do something 学习做某事
plan to do something 计划做某事
prefer to do something 更喜欢做某事
continue to do something 继续做某事
promise to do something许诺做某事
注意：不定式作宾语时， find, thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nk, make, believe等动词后常用it作形式宾语，而不定式短语放在后面作真正宾语。如：
I find it necessary to get a map while traveling.我发现在旅游时带张地图很有必要。
3. 常见的后面接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：
tell somebody to do something 告诉某人做某事
ask somebody to do something 让某人做某事
wish somebody to do something 希望某人做某事
invite somebody to do something 邀请某人做某事
want somebody to do something 想要某人做某事
teach somebody to do something 教某人做某事
allow somebody to do something 允许某人做某事
force somebody to do something 强迫某人做某事
expect somebody to do something 期望某人做某事
help somebody to do something 帮助某人做某事
persuade somebody to do something 说服某人做某事
①在make, let, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have, hear, see, listen to, feel, watch等动词之后，必须接不带to的不定式作宾补。但当这些动词用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的动词不定式to要还原。如：
I heard him sing in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the classroom.等于He was heard to sing in the classroom(by me). 我听见他在教室里唱歌。
② help之后，既可以接带to的不定式，也可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。如：
Will you help me(to) wash the clothes 你能帮助我洗衣服吗？
4.动词不定式的特殊句型：
①too...to...表示“太什么而不能……”。如：
The boy is too young to look after himself. 那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。
②...enough to...表示“……足够……”。如：
He is old enough to go to school. 他到了上学的年龄了。
③Why do not you加不带to的不定式？等于Why
not加不带to的不定式？如：
Why do not you ge ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t her a photo album 等于Why not get her a photo album 为什么不给她买个相册呢？
④had better加(not)加不带to的不定式。如：
You?had better not stay there today. 你今天最好别待在那儿。
⑤Will you please加不带to的不定式 如：
Will you please close the door 你能把门关上吗？
⑥prefer to do something. rather than do something. “宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。如：
She prefers to re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ceive a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than receive a lot of money. 她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。
二、动名词与动词不定式
1. 只能接动名词的动词
动名词具有名词的功能，在句中作主语、宾语、表语。常见的可以跟动名词作宾语的动词有：
enjoy doing something 享受做某事
finish doing something 完成某事
mind doing something 介意做某事
suggest doing something 建议做某事
keep doing something 一直做某事
practice doing something 练习做某事
2. 常见的后面接动名词作宾语的短语有：
be interested in 对什么感兴趣
be busy 忙于give up 放弃
end up 以什么结束put off 推迟
feel like 想要can?not help 禁不住
have fun ……有乐趣
have a good time ……开心
have a hard time ……有困难
have trouble/problems ……有困难
look forward to 期待……
be/get used to 习惯于
pay attention to 注意
make a contribution to 为什么做贡献
prefer...to... 喜欢什么胜于
keep/stop...from... 阻止什么做
3. 既可接不定式又可接动名词的动词
在love, like, hate, pre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fer, begin, start, need, remember, forget, try， stop等动词后，既可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语。但表达的意思不同。如：
① stop doing something 停止正在做的事
stop to do something 停下来去做某事
② try doing something 尝试做某事
try to do something 尽力去做某事
③ forget doing something 忘了做过某事
forget to do something 忘了要去做某事(未做)
④ remember doing something 记得做过某事
remember to do something 记得要去做某事(未做)
⑤ need doing something 需要做某事(被动含义)
need to do something 需要去做某事(主动含义)