专题十四 主谓一致和there be句型
重难点精讲(懒人听书)考点精析
一、主谓一致
主谓一致指谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。具体分类如下:
1. 某些集体名词,如family, class, government, group等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果侧重其中一个个成员,谓语动词用复数。如:
His family is going to move to Beijing. 他家将搬到北京去。
The whole family are watching TV. 全家人正在看电视。
注意:某些集体名词作主语,如people, police等,谓语动词用复数。如:
The people here are very friendly.这里的人们很友好。
The police are looking for the lost boy.警方正在寻找丢失的男孩。
2. 当一些不定代词,如somebody, anything, no one, everybody, either, neither, each等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
Something is wrong with my computer.我的电脑有问题了。
Everybody enjoys the delicious food.每个人都喜欢美味的食物。
Neither of them likes the actor.他们俩都不喜欢那个演员。
3. 当主语后面有with, like, except, but, as well as等引导的名词或代词时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的数。如:
Tom with his parents is watching TV.汤姆和他的父母正在看电视。
Everyone except Jim and Tim has a new book.除了吉姆和蒂姆外,所有的人都有一本新书。
4. one of加名词复数,the number of加名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
The number of the students in the school is two thousand .这个学校的学生人数是2000。
5. 就近原则:谓语动词的单复数由离它最近的词决定。常用句型有:there be, not only...but also, neither...nor, either...or...等。如:
Neither you nor he has been to the city.你和他都没去过那个城市。
There is some money and two keys in the pocket.在那个口袋里有一些钱和两把钥匙。
6. none作主语时,谓语动词单复数均可。如:
None of them has /have seen the movie.他们中没有一个人看过这部电影。
二、there be句型
1. “there加be加somebody./something.加地点”表示“某处有某人或某物”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的并列主语时,be一般和邻近主语的数和人称保持一致。
2. “there加be加somebody./something.加地点”的否定形式是在be动词后面加not, not any, no。
3. 若变为一般疑问句则需要把be提前到句首。
注意:there be结构有不同的时态,而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如:
There was a sports meeting yesterday.昨天举行了一场运动会。
There will be(等于There is going to be)a new film on Monday.星期一将有一场新电影上映。
There have been a lot of accidents around here.这里已经发生了许多起事故。
There must be a mistake somewhere.肯定有某个地方出错了。