2023届高三英语阅读理解之说明文技巧公开课课件（21和22年高考真题为例）
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语阅读理解之说明文技巧公开课课件（21和22年高考真题为例） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 26.0MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-04-21 06:44:01 | ||
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文档简介
(共46张PPT)
说明文篇章结构分析
匡鸿2023.4.12
Analyzing the Structure of Expository Essays
PART
1
What’s your impression on the passage C or D in Reading Comprehension
Lead in
large vocabulary
impressions
abstract concepts
(抽象概念)
new topics:
an object/invention
a phenomenon
a research or study
long and
complicated
sentences
boring......
语篇 话题 体裁 词数 难度
阅读A篇 人与社会：介绍了苏格兰画家Henry Raeburn画展的相关信息 应用文 259 易
阅读B篇 人与社会：介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的作品Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West的主要内容 书评 315 易
阅读C篇 人与社会：介绍了无人机在铁路巡检领域的应用 说明文 313 难
阅读D篇 人与社会：介绍了英国政府对软饮制造商征收“糖税”的政策 说明文 323 中
七选五 人与社会：介绍了五种维持异地友谊的方式 说明文 301 中
完形填空 人与自我：介绍了与捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验 说明文 251 难
语法填空 人与社会：介绍了首个“国际茶日”的相关活动 说明文 221 易
短文改错 人与自然：倡导绿色健康的出行方式—骑行 说明文 97 易
书面表达 人与自我：关于学生的课外英语学习活动调查 说明文 100 难
2022全国乙卷数据
历年数据
年份 省 份 篇章 内容
2021年 新高考I卷 D篇 阐述了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望
全国甲卷 B篇 介绍了在Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状
全国乙卷 C篇 介绍艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作的塑料雕塑，呼吁人类审视和一次性塑料的关系
D篇 针对开放性办公室，一项研究调研多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的发展
新高考II卷 D篇 介绍一种正在开发中的，可以用于监测放牧牛健康状况的机器人
天津卷 D篇 阐述了艺术这一活动对人类的重要意义
浙江卷 C篇 一项研究表明狗能够识别人类的面部表情
北京卷 C篇 通过百位科学家、作家和学者的公开信，阐述了全球崩塌（global collapse）的相关内容
历年数据
年份 省 份 篇章 内容
2020年 全国I卷 B篇 阐述了重新阅读的意义和益处，鼓励大家重新阅读
D篇 介绍了麻省理工学院的工程师开发出的一种发光植物
全国II卷 B篇 研究表明孩子们玩智力游戏有助于发展包括空间技能等多项能力
C篇 介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办的不同寻常的时装秀中展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣
全国III卷 D篇 通过引用最近的基因发现，阐述人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，也发生在最近的几千年间
北京卷 B篇 介绍世界上第一条佩戴污染检测器记录地面附近的污染物水平的狗
江苏卷 B篇 讲述了一度停用的电话亭在英国重新流行起来
C篇 研究表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康更有益
年份 省 份 篇章 内容
2019年 全国卷II C篇 分析美国越来越多的人喜欢独自进餐的社会现象
D篇 介绍了美国国家航空航天局为了把航天技术和学校教育结合起来，而针对高中生实施的HUNCH计划。
全国卷III D篇 一位哈佛医学院的科学家领导的研究团队发现猴子能进行基本的加法计算。
北京卷 D篇 解说由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿的现象。
浙江卷 C篇 解说并分析加利福尼亚州从90年代以来大树不断消失的现象和背后的重要原因
2018年 全国卷I B篇 介绍了一档英国电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴
C篇 讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少的现象及其原因
D篇 纽约罗彻斯特理工学院的研究表明，新电子设备的环境能耗比旧设备更低，是更经济环保的选择
历年数据
年份 省 份 篇章 内容
2018年 全国卷II B篇 介绍了7月份各种营养丰富，并包含对人体有益的微量元素的热带水果
北京卷 C篇 介绍了一种吃塑料，并能用胃里的酶降解塑料的虫子大蜡螟
天津卷 C篇 介绍了3D打印技术在食物的应用上取得的进展和遇到的挑战
2017年 全国卷II C篇 Terrafugia 公司研制出飞行汽车并成功进行了第一次飞行
D篇 介绍了植物在受到昆虫的攻击时是如何进行自我保护的,
北京卷 C篇 已经被疫苗消灭的麻疹近日有回归的趋势
全国卷I D篇 介绍了一种自己可以亲手制作简易太阳能蒸馏器的方法
2014年 全国卷I D篇 为了拯救因为濒临灭绝的小众语言，语言学家展开了记录拯救工作
历年数据
ready
go!
说明文体裁分析
part 1
purpose
Exposition
to introduce
to describe
an object
a research report
a social phenomenon
subject（说明对象）
What is expository essay
事理说明
事物说明
1
2
说明对象
an object
a social phenomenon
a research report
语篇结构
总分总
总分
1
2
说明文往往为了说清楚某个事物或事理是什么、为什么、怎么样，通常在标题或首段直接指出说明对象。
说明文围绕所说事物/事理，采用多种说明方法客观阐明，因而高频词会反复出现，阅读过程中把握高频词也能准确找出说明对象，提取核心信息。
寻找说明对象
(2021 全国乙卷 D )
方法1：寻找高频词
① During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
④So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
① During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
④So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
(2021 全国乙卷 D )
连词成句，得到说明对象
People prefer co-working space and a coffee shop to an open office.
高频词：
co-working space
open office
2
①During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
②The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
③ But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
④So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
(2021 全国乙卷 D)
说明对象
研究过程
研究结果
结果的原因
2021
全国
乙卷D
语篇结构
总分总
总分
People prefer co-working space and a coffee shop to open office.
p1:
p2:
p3:
p4:
What does the author inform us of _______
A. an object
B. a social phenomenon
C. a research report...
真题讲解示例1
2021 全国乙卷 D
part2
①During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
②The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
③But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
④So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
(2021 全国乙卷 D )
品味真题
What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He’s a news reporter.
B. He’s an office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer.
D. He’s a published writer.
4
Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence.
B. 50 decibels
C. 70 decibels.
D. 8 5 decibels.
2
What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
3
Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
1
题目速览
细节理解题
细节理解题
细节理解题
推理判断题
1
拆解：说明文细节理解题
STEP1：标关键词
STEP2：定位信息段
题干定位 说明对象
① During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works. talk, Levine said.
So I can focus.
技巧点拨：同义复现
Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate. B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions
STEP3：比对选项
Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels
C. 70 decibels. D. 85 decibels.
拆解：说明文细节理解题
STEP1：标关键词
STEP2：定位信息段
题干定位 研究过程
2
promote
②The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
技巧点拨：同义替换表达
the participants in the 70
outperformed the other groups
拆解：说明文细节理解题
STEP1：标关键词
STEP2：定位信息段
题干定位 结果分析
④So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
3
while also providing freedom
What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
技巧点拨：关键词定位，注意同义替换句，注意对比关系
A. Personal privacy unprotected. B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion. D. Constant interruptions.
.
from interruptions.
What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He’s a news reporter. B. He’s an office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer. D. He’s a published writer.
拆解：说明文推理判断题
STEP1：标关键词
STEP2：定位信息段
题干定位 说明对象
①During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
4
技巧点拨：推理判断题，通常位于首段或尾段，有时可能会对中间细节部分进行合理推理。
During an interview for one of my books
Tip1:说明文细节理解题的破解分三步走。
①_______________________________;
②_______________________________;
③_______________________________。
Tip2:说明文细节理解题正确选项特征______________________________________。
细节理解
划出题干、选项关键词（identify）
近义词复现,同义句替换
回忆文章结构，定位具体段落(locate)
比对选项和关键词句，找出答案(match)
Tip1:说明文推理判断题常与_____________有关。
Tip2:理清文章的结构层次、文章内容和文章的中心思想，对作者的写作意图和写作目的进行推断：
①____________________________________
②____________________________________
③____________________________________
推理判断题
说明对象
Where does the passage come from
What’s the author’s attitude...
What can you infer from the text
1 (2022全国乙）C篇
人与社会—科学与技术
本篇选自THALES官网2019年11月11日名为HOW DRONES WILL CHANGE THE FUTURE OF RAILWAYS的文章。
2 (2022全国乙）D篇
人与社会—社会问题
3 (2022全国甲）B篇
人与自然—人与动物
本篇选自《每日电讯报》网站2018年11月20日名为Sugar tax making half as much as money as the Government expected的文章。
.
本篇选自Magzter(数字杂志商店）BBC Earth 名为“cockatoos are skillful shape sorters”的文章
真题重做
passage1 2022全国乙卷C篇人与社会—科学与技术
无人机在铁路巡检领域的应用
C篇
Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
1. What is the topic of the passage （find key words)
2.What does the author inform us of _______
A. an object
B. a social phenomenon
C. research report
para1:开门见山，直奔主题
无人机运用到铁路
para2 and 3:
无人机的运用、优点和贡献
para4:无人机的前景
首尾段+高频复现内容（关键字）
Drones can be applied to ensure the safety of railway and meanwhile save the cost
①
④
②
③
题目总览
28
29
30
词义猜测题
推理判断题
31
主旨大意题
细节理解题
What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
The use of drones in checking on power lines.
Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
The reduction of cost in designing drones.
Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
Personnel safety.
Assistance from drones.
Inspection and repair.
Construction of infrastructure.
What function is expected of the rail drones
A. To provide early warning.
B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews.
D. To accelerate transportation.
Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
阅读D篇
人与社会—社会问题
英国政府对软饮制造商征收“糖税”的政策
D篇
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m liters per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
1. What is the topic of the passage （find key words)
2.What does the author inform us of _______
A. an object
B. a social phenomenon
C. a research report...
The Uk announced sugar tax to improve children’s health, which has a positive influence
首尾段+高频复现内容（关键字）
p1:introducing the topic-sugar tax
p2&3:
Background information
p4&5:Response to sugar tax
①
④
②
③
⑤
⑥
p6:Positive influence
题目总览
32
33
34
35
细节理解题
Why was the sugar tax introduced
To collect money for schools.
To improve the quality of drinks.
To protect children’s health.
To encourage research in education.
From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
Most alcoholic drinks.
Milk-based drinks.
Fruit juices.
Classic Coke.
What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
It is a short-sighted decision.
It is a success story.
It benefits manufacturers.
It upsets customers.
How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
They turned to overseas markets.
They raised the prices of their products.
They cut down on their production.
They reduced their products’ sugar content.
细节理解题
细节理解题
推理判断题
passage 3 (2022全国甲）阅读B
人与自然—人与动物
研究表明，凤头鹦鹉具备相当于人类2岁幼儿的形状识别能力
C篇
1. What is the topic of the passage （find key words)
2.What does the author inform us of _______
A. an object
B. a social phenomenon
C. a research report...
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
研究结果
研究过程，背景
研究结论
后续研究
Goffin’s cockatoos have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.
①
②
③
题目总览
细节理解题
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A. By following instructions.
B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around.
D. By removing the lid.
.
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A. How far they are able to see.
B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers
B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers
D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text
A. Using a key to unlock a door.
B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole.
D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
细节理解题
细节理解题
主旨大意题
Step1 首先提出发现,即说明对象
Step 2 中间部分 通过实验或数据或者引用其它的研究结果，反复逐段论证,让观点有说服力
Step 3 结尾部分
A. 应用前景， 展望未来
B. 相关科研人员的观点，或担心，或保留观点， 或批判
C. 提出研究的不足或改进的地方
D. 文章没有写完，提出另一个研究方向，或更深入的领域 ， 一般会 设计题目：
What will the next paragraph be about
科普研究类说明文的常见展开模式
Homework
find out the clues to the answer of multiple choices
说明文篇章结构分析
匡鸿2023.4.12
Analyzing the Structure of Expository Essays
PART
1
What’s your impression on the passage C or D in Reading Comprehension
Lead in
large vocabulary
impressions
abstract concepts
(抽象概念)
new topics:
an object/invention
a phenomenon
a research or study
long and
complicated
sentences
boring......
语篇 话题 体裁 词数 难度
阅读A篇 人与社会：介绍了苏格兰画家Henry Raeburn画展的相关信息 应用文 259 易
阅读B篇 人与社会：介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的作品Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West的主要内容 书评 315 易
阅读C篇 人与社会：介绍了无人机在铁路巡检领域的应用 说明文 313 难
阅读D篇 人与社会：介绍了英国政府对软饮制造商征收“糖税”的政策 说明文 323 中
七选五 人与社会：介绍了五种维持异地友谊的方式 说明文 301 中
完形填空 人与自我：介绍了与捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验 说明文 251 难
语法填空 人与社会：介绍了首个“国际茶日”的相关活动 说明文 221 易
短文改错 人与自然：倡导绿色健康的出行方式—骑行 说明文 97 易
书面表达 人与自我：关于学生的课外英语学习活动调查 说明文 100 难
2022全国乙卷数据
历年数据
年份 省 份 篇章 内容
2021年 新高考I卷 D篇 阐述了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望
全国甲卷 B篇 介绍了在Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状
全国乙卷 C篇 介绍艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作的塑料雕塑，呼吁人类审视和一次性塑料的关系
D篇 针对开放性办公室，一项研究调研多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的发展
新高考II卷 D篇 介绍一种正在开发中的，可以用于监测放牧牛健康状况的机器人
天津卷 D篇 阐述了艺术这一活动对人类的重要意义
浙江卷 C篇 一项研究表明狗能够识别人类的面部表情
北京卷 C篇 通过百位科学家、作家和学者的公开信，阐述了全球崩塌（global collapse）的相关内容
历年数据
年份 省 份 篇章 内容
2020年 全国I卷 B篇 阐述了重新阅读的意义和益处，鼓励大家重新阅读
D篇 介绍了麻省理工学院的工程师开发出的一种发光植物
全国II卷 B篇 研究表明孩子们玩智力游戏有助于发展包括空间技能等多项能力
C篇 介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办的不同寻常的时装秀中展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣
全国III卷 D篇 通过引用最近的基因发现，阐述人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，也发生在最近的几千年间
北京卷 B篇 介绍世界上第一条佩戴污染检测器记录地面附近的污染物水平的狗
江苏卷 B篇 讲述了一度停用的电话亭在英国重新流行起来
C篇 研究表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康更有益
年份 省 份 篇章 内容
2019年 全国卷II C篇 分析美国越来越多的人喜欢独自进餐的社会现象
D篇 介绍了美国国家航空航天局为了把航天技术和学校教育结合起来，而针对高中生实施的HUNCH计划。
全国卷III D篇 一位哈佛医学院的科学家领导的研究团队发现猴子能进行基本的加法计算。
北京卷 D篇 解说由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿的现象。
浙江卷 C篇 解说并分析加利福尼亚州从90年代以来大树不断消失的现象和背后的重要原因
2018年 全国卷I B篇 介绍了一档英国电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴
C篇 讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少的现象及其原因
D篇 纽约罗彻斯特理工学院的研究表明，新电子设备的环境能耗比旧设备更低，是更经济环保的选择
历年数据
年份 省 份 篇章 内容
2018年 全国卷II B篇 介绍了7月份各种营养丰富，并包含对人体有益的微量元素的热带水果
北京卷 C篇 介绍了一种吃塑料，并能用胃里的酶降解塑料的虫子大蜡螟
天津卷 C篇 介绍了3D打印技术在食物的应用上取得的进展和遇到的挑战
2017年 全国卷II C篇 Terrafugia 公司研制出飞行汽车并成功进行了第一次飞行
D篇 介绍了植物在受到昆虫的攻击时是如何进行自我保护的,
北京卷 C篇 已经被疫苗消灭的麻疹近日有回归的趋势
全国卷I D篇 介绍了一种自己可以亲手制作简易太阳能蒸馏器的方法
2014年 全国卷I D篇 为了拯救因为濒临灭绝的小众语言，语言学家展开了记录拯救工作
历年数据
ready
go!
说明文体裁分析
part 1
purpose
Exposition
to introduce
to describe
an object
a research report
a social phenomenon
subject（说明对象）
What is expository essay
事理说明
事物说明
1
2
说明对象
an object
a social phenomenon
a research report
语篇结构
总分总
总分
1
2
说明文往往为了说清楚某个事物或事理是什么、为什么、怎么样，通常在标题或首段直接指出说明对象。
说明文围绕所说事物/事理，采用多种说明方法客观阐明，因而高频词会反复出现，阅读过程中把握高频词也能准确找出说明对象，提取核心信息。
寻找说明对象
(2021 全国乙卷 D )
方法1：寻找高频词
① During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
④So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
① During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
④So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
(2021 全国乙卷 D )
连词成句，得到说明对象
People prefer co-working space and a coffee shop to an open office.
高频词：
co-working space
open office
2
①During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
②The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
③ But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
④So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
(2021 全国乙卷 D)
说明对象
研究过程
研究结果
结果的原因
2021
全国
乙卷D
语篇结构
总分总
总分
People prefer co-working space and a coffee shop to open office.
p1:
p2:
p3:
p4:
What does the author inform us of _______
A. an object
B. a social phenomenon
C. a research report...
真题讲解示例1
2021 全国乙卷 D
part2
①During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
②The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
③But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
④So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
(2021 全国乙卷 D )
品味真题
What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He’s a news reporter.
B. He’s an office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer.
D. He’s a published writer.
4
Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence.
B. 50 decibels
C. 70 decibels.
D. 8 5 decibels.
2
What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
3
Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
1
题目速览
细节理解题
细节理解题
细节理解题
推理判断题
1
拆解：说明文细节理解题
STEP1：标关键词
STEP2：定位信息段
题干定位 说明对象
① During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works. talk, Levine said.
So I can focus.
技巧点拨：同义复现
Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate. B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions
STEP3：比对选项
Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels
C. 70 decibels. D. 85 decibels.
拆解：说明文细节理解题
STEP1：标关键词
STEP2：定位信息段
题干定位 研究过程
2
promote
②The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
技巧点拨：同义替换表达
the participants in the 70
outperformed the other groups
拆解：说明文细节理解题
STEP1：标关键词
STEP2：定位信息段
题干定位 结果分析
④So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
3
while also providing freedom
What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
技巧点拨：关键词定位，注意同义替换句，注意对比关系
A. Personal privacy unprotected. B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion. D. Constant interruptions.
.
from interruptions.
What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He’s a news reporter. B. He’s an office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer. D. He’s a published writer.
拆解：说明文推理判断题
STEP1：标关键词
STEP2：定位信息段
题干定位 说明对象
①During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
4
技巧点拨：推理判断题，通常位于首段或尾段，有时可能会对中间细节部分进行合理推理。
During an interview for one of my books
Tip1:说明文细节理解题的破解分三步走。
①_______________________________;
②_______________________________;
③_______________________________。
Tip2:说明文细节理解题正确选项特征______________________________________。
细节理解
划出题干、选项关键词（identify）
近义词复现,同义句替换
回忆文章结构，定位具体段落(locate)
比对选项和关键词句，找出答案(match)
Tip1:说明文推理判断题常与_____________有关。
Tip2:理清文章的结构层次、文章内容和文章的中心思想，对作者的写作意图和写作目的进行推断：
①____________________________________
②____________________________________
③____________________________________
推理判断题
说明对象
Where does the passage come from
What’s the author’s attitude...
What can you infer from the text
1 (2022全国乙）C篇
人与社会—科学与技术
本篇选自THALES官网2019年11月11日名为HOW DRONES WILL CHANGE THE FUTURE OF RAILWAYS的文章。
2 (2022全国乙）D篇
人与社会—社会问题
3 (2022全国甲）B篇
人与自然—人与动物
本篇选自《每日电讯报》网站2018年11月20日名为Sugar tax making half as much as money as the Government expected的文章。
.
本篇选自Magzter(数字杂志商店）BBC Earth 名为“cockatoos are skillful shape sorters”的文章
真题重做
passage1 2022全国乙卷C篇人与社会—科学与技术
无人机在铁路巡检领域的应用
C篇
Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
1. What is the topic of the passage （find key words)
2.What does the author inform us of _______
A. an object
B. a social phenomenon
C. research report
para1:开门见山，直奔主题
无人机运用到铁路
para2 and 3:
无人机的运用、优点和贡献
para4:无人机的前景
首尾段+高频复现内容（关键字）
Drones can be applied to ensure the safety of railway and meanwhile save the cost
①
④
②
③
题目总览
28
29
30
词义猜测题
推理判断题
31
主旨大意题
细节理解题
What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
The use of drones in checking on power lines.
Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
The reduction of cost in designing drones.
Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
Personnel safety.
Assistance from drones.
Inspection and repair.
Construction of infrastructure.
What function is expected of the rail drones
A. To provide early warning.
B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews.
D. To accelerate transportation.
Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
阅读D篇
人与社会—社会问题
英国政府对软饮制造商征收“糖税”的政策
D篇
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m liters per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
1. What is the topic of the passage （find key words)
2.What does the author inform us of _______
A. an object
B. a social phenomenon
C. a research report...
The Uk announced sugar tax to improve children’s health, which has a positive influence
首尾段+高频复现内容（关键字）
p1:introducing the topic-sugar tax
p2&3:
Background information
p4&5:Response to sugar tax
①
④
②
③
⑤
⑥
p6:Positive influence
题目总览
32
33
34
35
细节理解题
Why was the sugar tax introduced
To collect money for schools.
To improve the quality of drinks.
To protect children’s health.
To encourage research in education.
From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
Most alcoholic drinks.
Milk-based drinks.
Fruit juices.
Classic Coke.
What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
It is a short-sighted decision.
It is a success story.
It benefits manufacturers.
It upsets customers.
How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
They turned to overseas markets.
They raised the prices of their products.
They cut down on their production.
They reduced their products’ sugar content.
细节理解题
细节理解题
推理判断题
passage 3 (2022全国甲）阅读B
人与自然—人与动物
研究表明，凤头鹦鹉具备相当于人类2岁幼儿的形状识别能力
C篇
1. What is the topic of the passage （find key words)
2.What does the author inform us of _______
A. an object
B. a social phenomenon
C. a research report...
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
研究结果
研究过程，背景
研究结论
后续研究
Goffin’s cockatoos have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.
①
②
③
题目总览
细节理解题
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A. By following instructions.
B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around.
D. By removing the lid.
.
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A. How far they are able to see.
B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers
B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers
D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text
A. Using a key to unlock a door.
B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole.
D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
细节理解题
细节理解题
主旨大意题
Step1 首先提出发现,即说明对象
Step 2 中间部分 通过实验或数据或者引用其它的研究结果，反复逐段论证,让观点有说服力
Step 3 结尾部分
A. 应用前景， 展望未来
B. 相关科研人员的观点，或担心，或保留观点， 或批判
C. 提出研究的不足或改进的地方
D. 文章没有写完，提出另一个研究方向，或更深入的领域 ， 一般会 设计题目：
What will the next paragraph be about
科普研究类说明文的常见展开模式
Homework
find out the clues to the answer of multiple choices