北京市丰台区三年（2020-2022）高考英语模拟试题分题型分层汇编-02阅读理解（含答案）

北京市丰台区三年（2020-2022）高考英语模拟试题分题型分层汇编-02阅读理解
一、阅读理解
（2022·北京丰台·统考二模）People’s distrust in science has led many scientists to take up arms (or at least keyboards) to defend their enterprise. But in their efforts to fight back against science denial, some scientists say things that just aren’t true-and you can’t build trust if the things you are saying are not trustworthy.
One popular move is to insist that science is right-full stop-and that once we discover the truth about the world, we are done. Or, as famous physicist Steven Smith said, “Even though a scientific theory is in a sense a social consensus (共识), it is unlike any other sort of consensus in that it is culture-free and permanent.” Well, no. Even a modest familiarity with the history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had resolved, only to discover that they needed to be reconsidered.
Another popular move is to say scientific findings are true because scientists use “the scientific method.” But we can never actually agree on what that method is. Some will say it is the observation and description of the world. Others will say it is the experimental method. Recently a prominent scientist claimed the scientific method was to avoid fooling oneself into thinking something is true that is not.
Each of these views has its merits, but if the claim is that any one of these is the scientific method, then they all fail. In point of fact, the methods of science have varied between disciplines and across time.
In my view, the biggest mistake scientists make is to claim that this is all somehow simple and therefore to imply that anyone who doesn’t get it is stupid. Science is not simple, and neither is the natural world; therein lies the challenge of science communication. What we do is both hard and, often hard to explain. Our efforts to understand and characterize the natural world are just that: efforts. Because we’re human, we often fall flat. The good news is that when that happens, we pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off, and get back to work.
Scientific theories are not perfect replicas of reality, but we have good reason to believe that they capture significant elements of it. And experience reminds us that when we ignore reality, it sooner or later comes back to bite us.
1．Paragraph 2 stresses that _________.
A．scientific theories may change with time
B．the familiarity with science’s history matters
C．the unresolved matters should be reconsidered
D．a social consensus is culture-free and permanent
2．According to the passage, the author might agree that_________.
A．it is critical for scientists to stay true to reality
B．science puts an accurate interpretation on nature
C．the definitions of the scientific method are outdated
D．the credibility of scientific theories is underestimated
3．How does the author persuade readers in this passage
A．By stressing the importance of science.
B．By comparing opposite opinions on science.
C．By questioning the way scientific discoveries are made.
D．By pointing out the fault in claims made by some scientists.
（2022·北京丰台·统考二模）It shouldn’t come as news to anyone that the planet is moving quickly towards a climate emergency. And fast fashion certainly plays its part in this.
Fast fashion brands, which release hundreds of new styles every week, have caused trends cycles to speed up rapidly, leading to overproduction and overconsumption. British shoppers are buying twice as much as we did a decade ago and both brands and consumers are throwing away “unfashionable” clothing more often—over 300,000 of it ends up in landfill every year. How do we solve this issue
One answer lies in the new generation of made-to-order brands making their way into the mainstream. These brands make clothes only as and when they’re ordered, and because there’s no overproduction, less unwanted stock ends up in landfills. They also promote a slower fashion model, with pieces taking between three weeks and three months to arrive once purchased. The focus is on creating special, well-made pieces for consumers to treasure for years to come.
Made-to-order fashion is nothing new. Until the mid-20th century, it was the norm. However, the 1960s brought about the dawn of fast fashion and a shift in our relationship with our clothes. The value once placed on craftsmanship and quality was replaced by the desire for low cost and volume, resulting in cut-cost production and the attitude that clothing should be cheap and disposable.
Of course, made-to-order fashion has continued to exist alongside this, though research clearly shows that fast fashion prevails (盛行). Cue a made-to-order brand bringing bespoke (定制) back to the mainstream. Spanish brand Alas features a slow business model. It takes orders each week which are then handmade and delivered in about three weeks. It also revolves around an on-demand production process that rewards consumers for “pre-planned responsible shopping.” Every week, they launch a new drop, available to pre-order for a discounted rate for a limited time. From pre-order, Alas determines how popular each new item is and calculates how many units should be produced to fulfill both pre-orders and future full-price orders, therefore reducing the overproduction of stock.
With made-to-order brands growing in popularity, it begs the question—could this be the dawn of a new, environmentally responsible era The answer is self-evident.
4．What do the first two paragraphs mainly show
A．Our strong desire for fashion.
B．The fast development of fashion industry.
C．The urgent need for a different fashion model.
D．The advantages and disadvantages of fast fashion.
5．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 5 refer to
A．The shadow of fast fashion.
B．The value placed on quality.
C．The shift towards a green lifestyle.
D．The criticism for cheapness and quantity.
6．What does the example of Spanish brand Alas tell us
A．The reward mechanism is a must in slow fashion.
B．It takes patience and thought to buy made-to-order items.
C．The pre-order model reduces the cost of purchasing brands.
D．Consumers have a say about how their orders are produced.
7．As for the future of made-to-order fashion, the author is ________ .
A．anxious B．confident
C．puzzled D．curious
（2022·北京丰台·统考二模）Picnic Shelter Reservations
Vancouver Parks and Recreation maintains four covered picnic shelters that are available for reservation at the following parks:
●Fisher Basin Community Park
●Leroy Haagen Memorial Park
●Marine Community Park
●Marshall Community Park
Picnic shelters are available to reserve between May 1 and September 30 each year. Reservations are for the entire day with a reservation fee of $100. When not reserved, shelters are available for free. Reserve a picnic shelter by calling 360-487-7100.
Shelter Reservation Cancellation Policy
If canceled one month or more before the rental date, 100% of the fee will be refunded. If canceled 1-4 weeks before the rental date, 75% of the fee will be refunded. No refunds will be granted if the reservation is canceled less than one week prior to the rental date.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is there a way to find out if an event is already scheduled at a park
Yes. Contact Marshall Community Center at 360-487-7100 to find out about events taking place in our parks.
Q：What amenities (设施) are included with a picnic shelter reservation
Reservations include use of all picnic tables located within the shelter and electricity (there is no electricity at Marine Park). Playground amenities and restrooms will be shared with the public.
Park Use Permits
Depending on the type of event you’re hosting, you will need to get a Park Use Permit from Vancouver Parks and Recreation. A Park Use Permit gives you permission to bring special items and equipment into the park.
8．If you cancel 3 weeks before the rental date, how much money will you get back
A．$100. B．$75. C．$25. D．$0.
9．According to the passage, Vancouver picnic shelters _________.
A．don’t allow visitors to host events
B．don’t offer picnic tables or electricity
C．are available to reserve all year round
D．can be used for free when not reserved
10．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To explain the rules of park management.
B．To recommend shelters of different parks.
C．To introduce the functions of picnic shelters.
D．To provide information of shelter reservations.
11．Where is this passage most likely from
A．A book review. B．A news report.
C．A travel brochure. D．A science journal.
（2022·北京丰台·统考二模）From sausage rolls to sweets and a coffee with a bin, there were many things that made Greg Robinson smile.
When the father-of-two, who was in his 50s, died suddenly in April 2021, his family’s life was turned upside down.
Greg ran a gift shop in his hometown of Donaghadce. Whether it was at work, walking the dog, with his local flute band or just out in his belayed town, his family said Greg made time for those in need. Now, on the week of his first anniversary, his family shared some of the things that made him smile with their community.
“We wanted to plan something together that allowed us to put our energy into something positive and give us something practical to do, which we knew would have an impact on others,” they told the reporter.
“We knew that by making others smile, we in turn would feel the benefit of that too. We have realised the importance of little things that have made us smile throughout the past year.”
As Greg loved his town and the community, all the gifts were purchased locally. Among them are vouchers (代金券) for a bakery, for some of his favourite sausage rolls, an ice-cream shop where he used to buy a quarter of sweets, and a cafe because “a wee coffee and a bun would have made dad’s face light up with excitement”.
“When someone dies, it is often the case that people are scared to mention the loved one in case it makes you sad, but the journey has taught us that this isn’t the case. The wonderful memories of dad shared by our community bring so much comfort,” his family said.
“We love those times when we hear how dad had impacted their lives, from showing kindness as a teenager at high school, to chatting away to customers in his shop,” they added.
For Greg’s children, they will be forever grateful for their dad teaching them “to focus on the positive parts of the day, looking for ways that we can express gratitude for everyday things”.
12．What do we know about Greg from the first three paragraphs
A．Greg was often ready to help others.
B．Greg had a great passion for cooking.
C．Greg earned his living by playing in a band.
D．Greg’s death had little impact on his family.
13．How did the community react after receiving the gifts
A．They gathered and comforted Greg’s family.
B．They expressed sadness about Greg’s death.
C．They were still afraid to talk about Greg.
D．They shared good memories of Greg.
14．What would be the best title for this passage
A．An Act of Kindness in Memory of Greg
B．Unusual Ways to Thank Greg’s Community
C．A Huge Celebration of Greg’s Family Reunion
D．Special Gifts to Record the Family Life of Greg
（2022·北京丰台·统考一模）The people who happen to be in a city center at any given moment may seem like a random collection of individuals. But new research featuring a simple mathematical law shows that urban travel patterns worldwide are, in fact, predictable despite location.
Researchers discovered what is known as an inverse square relation (平方反比关系) between the number of people in a given urban location and the distance they traveled to get there, as well as how frequently they made the trip. It may seem intuitive (直觉的) that people visit nearby locations frequently and distant ones less so, but the newly discovered relation accurately predicts, for instance, that the number of people coming from two kilometers away five times per week will be the same as the number coming from five kilometers twice a week.
The researchers analyzed data from about eight million people between 2006 and 2013 in six urban locations. This study focused on locations and examined how many people were visiting, from how far and how frequently. The researchers found that all the unique choices people make—from dropping kids at school to shopping-obey this inverse square law.
One explanation for this strong statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and people have limited resources for it. At the core is the effort that people are willing to invest collectively to travel to certain locations, trying to optimize their days.
Understanding these patterns is important not only for planning the placement of new shopping centers or public transportation but also for modeling disease transmission within cities, says Kathleen Stewart, a geographer and mobility researcher.
Many researchers estimate travel with “gravity models”, which assume that movement between cities is proportional (成比例的) to their population sizes. But these models do not account for travel patters within cites—information that is particularly critical in dealing with disease transmission Epidemiologist (流行病学家) Sam Scarpino says models based on this new finding might better track that flow.
“Those organizational patterns have really profound (深远的) implications on how COVID will spread,” Scarpino says. In a smaller rural location, where many people regularly go to the same grocery store, the entire town will experience sharp peaks of infections as the virus sweeps through the community. But in a bigger city, the spread takes longer he explains, because mini epidemics can occur in each neighborhood somewhat separately.
15．What does the underlined word “optimize” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Slow down. B．Keep a record of.
C．Think back on. D．Make the most of.
16．Why does the author mention “gravity models” in Paragraph 6
A．To introduce the travel patterns within cities.
B．To stress the importance of tracking diseases.
C．To compare the urban and rural infection rates.
D．To show the advantage of the inverse square law.
17．Which of the following can be supported by the newly discovered law
A．Diseases spread faster in rural areas than big cities.
B．Trip distance seldom influences people’s travel choices.
C．Epidemics are harder to discover in big cities than in rural areas,
D．City residents are likely to make frequent trips to a distant place.
（2022·北京丰台·统考一模）Local barber (理发师) goes above and beyond for a little boy
“That day started all wrong,” LaQuista Erinna said. “And we forgot his headphones. We were running late, traffic was horrible, so I knew it was going to be difficult that day.”
When Erinna and her son finally arrived at their appointment, it seemed like there was no way 6-year-old Jackson, a boy with autism (自闭症), would be getting his hair cut.
“He just immediately got anxious,” Erinna explained. “Usually I have to do some coaching to get him in the chair. He will put on his headphones, and we power through.”
Erinna said Jackson is a typical little boy who loves to play and loves art. But some tasks can be sensory overload, and haircuts are one of them.
The stress was so intense for mom and son that almost two years went by before Jackson got another haircut. But this time, he was in the hands of Ree, the barber, and things were getting easier.
Ree noticed his Super Mario Bros shirt and told him that he needed to save Mario by making sure no hair got on him. She cut his hair while he moved and ran around the shop. She talked to him throughout the entire process, encouraging him and reminding him about protecting Mario to keep him engaged.
“It just touched me so much,” Erinna said: “She nurtured that relationship. She gained his trust.”
“I feel good I can go above and beyond for a child,” Ree said. “I know children want to be free.They want to express themselves so I try to find a different strategy to make them feel comfortable”
Jackson’s smile told the rest of the story.
Erinna was very moved by her son’s haircut. She shared a video online, which has gotten millions of views. Given the huge response, Erinna also set up a special GoFundMe to support Ree to make sure she’s able to continue to work and replace any lost income from the impact of the pandemic (流行病).
18．What usually helped to calm Jackson during haircuts
A．His mother’s trust. B．His art books.
C．His barber’s encouragement. D．His headphones
19．How did Ree succeed in cutting Jackson’s hair
A．By inspiring him to be brave
B．By cooperating with his mother.
C．By turning the haircut into a game.
D．By telling stories about Super Mario.
20．To express thanks to Ree, Erinna ______.
A．raised money to support her
B．advertised her hair cutting skills
C．got haircuts at her shop regularly
D．posted photos of Jackson’s haircut online
21．Which of the following words can best describe Ree
A．Kind and honest. B．Caring and generous.
C．Patient and creative. D．Confident and friendly.
（2022·北京丰台·统考一模）Dear Jim O’Connor,
My name is Annie Le and I am writing to you on behalf of the Native Health Community Garden, a group of people working on starting a community garden in the Mesa Neighborhood.
While searching for potential garden locations, we came across your house located at West Southern Avenue. We are asking about the possibility of using your land as the site of our garden.
In general, a community garden is a space where plants are grown and taken care of by a group of people in the community. Community gardens improve the quality of life, offer more chances to talk to each other and beautify neighborhoods while providing green food and therefore reducing the household cost of food.
To ensure the smooth running of the project, elected volunteers would be in charge. You would have access to all these volunteers and they would like to answer any questions you may have.
I have included some general information about community gardens and what they can bring to a community. We would love to speak with you in person or over the phone to discuss what hosting community garden on your land would involve. Issues may include discussing an agreement rental charges, garden rules, and water access. All the costs for the project will be covered by us. We would also like to present to you our vision of this space.
We would very much like to have your support. Thank you for your consideration and please feel free to contact me. Thank you again.
Respectfully,
Annie Le
22．Why did Annie Le write to Jim O’Connor.
A．To rent his land.
B．To offer him a job.
C．To invite him to join her group.
D．To inform him of the community garden.
23．According to the passage, what will the garden bring to the community
A．More green projects. B．Less water pollution.
C．More communication. D．Higher cost of living
24．Annie Le would like to further discuss ______.
A．service cost B．cooperation details
C．gardening skills D．community development
（2022·北京丰台·统考一模）Earlier this week the online UK supermarket Ocado told its customers that it had “limited ability” to deliver ice ream. Why Because the price of natural gas has increased greatly, which has hit the supply of CO2 in the UK. And that has led to a cut in the supply of dry ice that supermarkets use to keep food cool in their delivery vans (小型货车). So no ice cream.
This mini crisis has been fairly quickly resolve, for now at least. However, that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t worry. This incident serves as a timely reminder of just how reliant we are on fossil fuels. Despite our optimistic enthusiasm for wind and solar power, one way or another oil and gas use is shot through every part of our economic and social lives. That will be the case for many decades to come.
In his recently updated book There is No Planet B, Mike Berners-Lee lays out the challenge. When we talk about shifting from fossil fuels to clean energy of one kind or another, we aren’t discussing taking the amount of energy we use now and producing that amount in a different way. Instead, our target is always on the move. The more energy we can get our hands on, the more we use—even if our use of it becomes more efficient.
Energy usage is going to keep rising, while energy transitions (转变) tend to both take a very long time and never actually end. We just pile new sources on top of old. The world still uses much the same amount of traditional biomass (wood etc) as it did 100 years ago. We are running to stand still. This will change. But not as fast as you might like to think. In 2019, 33 percent of our new power generation needs were met by renewable energy. That’s a start. But 40 percent were met by natural gas.
There’s urgency here of course—which might speed things up. But there is something else that might slow us down. It didn’t take much to move people to fossil fuels—they are relatively easy to extract, relatively easy to transport, hugely energy dense and efficient and, of course, cheap. Until their externalities were understood, who could possibly have objected Our current transition is different: people and companies will switch not because the new sources are easier to access, cheaper or more energy dense but because regulation mandates that they must.
Either way, the truth is that whether we like it or not our energy transition involves long term reliance on fossil fuels. That means we should stop demolishing them. Instead, we should focus on making their extraction cleaner and more efficient while we wait for the engineering challenges around a renewables-led future to be solved.
If we don’t do this—if we allow ourselves to be beguiled by the idea that solar is so advanced that we no longer need filthy fuels to have ice cream, we, will find the future held back by needlessly expensive energy—and almost certainly ice-cream free.
25．What do the first two paragraphs mainly show
A．The necessity for traditional fuels.
B．Our enthusiasm for clean energy.
C．The seriousness of energy crisis.
D．UK’s dependence on dry ice.
26．According to Mike Berners-Lee, ______.
A．we have more types of energy on hand
B．the use of energy becomes more efficient
C．energy transition is far from being realized
D．we are closer to the aim of replacing fossil fuels
27．The underlined word “demolising” in Paragraph 6 can be replaced by ______.
A．wasting B．devaluing
C．distributing D．justifying
28．What is the writer’s attitude toward the transition to the renewable energy
A．Indifferent. B．Defensive.
C．Disapproving. D．Cautious.
（2021·北京丰台·统考二模）According to statistics published by the BPI (Buying Power Index) a couple of months ago, digital streaming (流媒体) now accounts for 80 percent of the music consumption in the UK. Despite the incredible growth of online streaming platforms like iTunes, Apple Music and Tidal over the past 15 years, a more traditional medium has also seen a return of interest and sales in the music industry. In 2020, almost one in five of all albums purchased in the UK is vinyl (黑胶唱片), and it has once again become the most popular physical musical medium.
With digital streaming so easy and convenient, why are so many people drawn to traditional records Some experts claim that vinyl is a physical medium for experiencing music, something tangible (有形的) to hold and own. For most people, having something tangible and interacting with it gives depth to the experience of music. Listening to an album and touching it the way the artist intended can make them feel more connected to the music and the artist. Records are physical products that can be not only displayed but also gifted, shared, traded and passed down through generations.
Sound quality is another hot topic. A lot of music lovers feel that the analogue sound (模拟声音) vinyl offers is superior to modern digital audio, particularly with regards to the compressed formats streaming platforms use. There’s a common belief that old-school analogue audio has a warmer, fuller sound than digitised music. For vinyl followers, the very defect traditional recorders often have, such as the familiar crackle (劈啪作响) when the record starts, bring the music to life in a different way.
There’s a ritualistic aspect to vinyl that a lot of people are drawn to, too. The act of putting a record on—carefully removing the record from the sleeve, placing it on the record player and gently dropping the needle on the right groove (凹槽)—is a more assiduous (一丝不苟的), mindful way of engaging with music. When you’re listening to vinyl, you can’t tap a button and go about your day while the streaming service provides hours of music. You need to stay close to the record player to move the needle and flip the record over.
It’s clear that the vinyl interest is well underway, and vinyl records are truly making a comeback. In an increasingly digital society, there’s something to be said for analogue experiences. Perhaps one of the great things about being alive in the 21st century is our ability to have the best of both worlds—the timeless appeal of physical records alongside the easy access to vast music libraries that streaming offers.
29．What are the statistics published by the BPI used to show
A．An increase in music consumption.
B．The recovery of music industry.
C．A comeback of a physical medium.
D．The acceptance of online streaming.
30．According to some experts, why does vinyl interest many people
A．It attracts people by its realistic feel.
B．It offers simple access to different music.
C．It shares a new way to enjoy music.
D．It provides people with perfect sound effect.
31．The underlined word “ritualistic” in Para.4 means something ______.
A．Overlooked by society.
B．Updated very frequently.
C．Performed as part of a ceremony.
D．Kept for a long time without changing.
32．How does the writer feel about the future development of music medium
A．Traditional records will get underway.
B．The analogue experiences may matter more.
C．Vinyl sales will boom with technological advance.
D．There should be a good mix of old and new.
（2021·北京丰台·统考二模）William had worked hard to pass the exams to enter high school. When the term began, however, his father told him that there was no money to pay for his school fees because of the summer drought. Still, William wanted to learn.
He made the village library his school. One day, he found a book called Using Energy. On the book’s cover was a picture of windmills, tall steel towers with blades (叶片) spinning like giant fans. He learned that wind—something of which his hometown had plenty—could produce electricity.
He couldn’t help picturing his own windmill in mind, but collecting the parts and tools he needed would take months. In a junkyard, he dug through piles of used metal, old cars, and worn-out tractors, searching for anything that might help him construct his machine. He made four-foot-long blades from plastic pipe, which he melted over a fire, flattened out, and hardened with bamboo poles.
Earning some money, he paid a blacksmith to attach the piston (活塞) to the pedal sprocket (踏板链轮) of an old bicycle frame. This would be the axle (轮轴) of the windmill. When the wind blew, the spinning blades would turn the bicycle wheel and spin a small dynamo (发电机), donated by his friend.
When he had collected all the parts, William began putting them together. He fixed the blades to the tractor fan he found, using washers (垫圈) he’d made from bottle caps. Next he pushed the fan onto the piston joint to the bicycle frame. With the help of his two best friends, William built a 16-foot-tall tower from trunks of trees and lifted the ninety-pound windmill to the top.
The big moments eventually came. He climbed up the tower and connected two wires that held a small bulb. As the wind whipped around him, the blades began to turn, slowly at first, then faster and faster. The light bulb flickered (闪烁), then flashed to life. The crowd cheered from below. “Wachitabwina (well done)!”
William’s machine now powered his house. And the story of the boy who’d built a power-generating windmill to rescue his family from the drought spread across the Internet.
33．After reading Using Energy, what did William decide to do
A．Make use of wind. B．Enter a high school.
C．Build a village library. D．Learn to survive a drought.
34．According to Para.3, which of the following word can best describe William
A．Humorous. B．Determined.
C．Cooperative. D．Friendly.
35．What can you learn about William’s machine
A．It was built by villagers.
B．It worked at the first attempt.
C．It took him years to complete it.
D．It was made from metal materials.
36．What is the best title for the passage
A．Winds Of Hope B．Ideas Worth Spreading
C．Learning from Experience D．Windmills for Villages
（2021·北京丰台·统考二模）Thank you. It’s my great honor to be given this award.
You cannot imagine that I have always been a late starter. Years ago, when I was 16, I took an important exam — GCE(General Certificate of Education), which turned out to be a failure. My dad was reading my report card and saw that my position in class was 29th, but the number in class was 29. It meant that I had achieved the distinction of being bottom of my class.
I wasn’t lazy, and I was really trying. You can picture how I felt. Dad put his hand on my shoulder and said, “You can only do the best you can, but whatever you decide to do, make sure you love it.” He was a really sweet guy and a great man. I knew his attempt to hide his disappointment with some of his encouraging words. I was depressed for a week, but his advice was a wake-up call.
Fortunately I love working with my hands, and I was good at two things: woodwork and art, and I really loved to draw and paint. I was quite talented. Dad strongly encouraged me to go to art school, which in those days wasn’t the obvious place that a father would suggest.
So I got into Hartlepool College of Art. The college was a revelation (出乎意料), the passionate teachers there, who were extremely interested in the students, not just tolerating them but actually engaging with them. It was a world apart from my schooling until then. It’s extraordinary what an enthusiastic teacher can do, drawing the student out, lighting independence, and encouraging a design of your own future, rather than waiting for something to happen. I’m honored to have become one of these passionate teachers years later.
My teachers inspired me, and thanks to my dad, here I am tonight. I think I should mention all the talents I have worked with over time, and to my kids and my wife Giannina, thank you.
Thank you for this great award. I shall find a very special place for it.
37．How did the author feel after taking GCE
A．Happy. B．Upset. C．Tired. D．Relieved.
38．What did Hartlepool College of Art impress the author most
A．The teachers were strict with students.
B．The students set good examples for each other.
C．The teachers inspired students’ passion for learning.
D．The students got prepared for their lessons independently.
39．The author gave this speech to ________.
A．share his career choice
B．explain his teaching methods
C．describe his life experience
D．show his appreciation
（2021·北京丰台·统考二模）A medical capsule robot is a small, often pill-sized device that can do planned movement inside the body after being swallowed or surgically inserted. Most models use wireless electronics or magnets or a combination of the two to control the movement of the capsule. Such devices have been equipped with cameras to allow observation and diagnosis, with sensors that “feel,” and even with mechanical needles that administer drugs.
But in practice, Biomechatronics engineer Pietro Valdastri has found that developing capsule models from scratch (从头开始) is costly, time-consuming and requires advanced skills. “The problem was we had to do them from scratch every time,” said Valdastri in an interview. “And other research groups were redeveloping those same modules from scratch, which didn’t make sense.”
Since most of the capsules have the same parts of components: a microprocessor, communication submodules, an energy source, sensors, and actuators (致动器), Valdastri and his team made the modular platform in which the pieces work in concert and can be interchanged with ease. They also developed a flexible board on which the component parts are snapped in like Legos. The board can be folded to fit the body of the capsule, down to about 14 mm. Additionally, they compiled (编译) a library of components that designers could choose from, enabling hundreds of different combinations. They arranged it all in a free online system. Designers can take the available designs or adapt them to their specific needs.
“Instead of redeveloping all the modules from scratch, people with limited technological experience can use our modules to build their own capsule robots in clinical use and focus on their innovation,” Valdastri said.
Now, the team has designed a capsule equipped with a surgical clip to stop internal bleeding. Researchers at Scotland’s Royal Infirmary of Edinburg have also expressed interest in using the system to make a crawling capsule that takes images of the colon(结肠). One research group, led by professors at the Institute of Digestive Disease of the Chinese University of HongKong, is making a swimming capsule equipped with a camera that pushes itself through the stomach.
One limitation of Valdastri’s system is that it’s only for designing models. Researchers can confirm their hypotheses (假设) and do first design using the platform, but will need to move to a custom approach to develop their capsules further and make them practical for clinical use.
40．According to the passage, Valdastri and his team created the platform to ________.
A．adopt the latest technologies
B．make their robots dream come true
C．help build specialized capsule robots
D．do preciser observation and diagnosis
41．What does the underlined phrase “work in concert” mean in Para.3
A．Perform live. B．Run independently.
C．Act in a cooperative way. D．Carry on step by step.
42．What can be learnt from the passage
A．Valdastri’s system can’t provide a complete capsule creation.
B．The modular platform is more useful than a custom approach.
C．The capsules can move in human’s body automatically.
D．It costs more to module the capsules on the board.
（2021·北京丰台·统考一模）Various Apps to Learn
Apps are typical digital learning tools, which can give you diverse and personalized content to meet your needs. Want to find an app that can help you learn Here are some great ideas for you.
Khan Academy allows you to learn almost anything for free. It covers subjects such as math, physics, biology, and even computer science. The real magic of this app is that you can learn at your own pace. You can review subjects that you are not good at, or start learning a subject you like. The app is in English. If you want to see its translation you can visit http://open. /khan.
BrainPOP mixes learning and technology in a fun and simple way. It's free and teaches you something new every day. From the solar system to DNA, each topic starts with an interesting cartoon movie. After you've watched it, you can take a test to see how much you've learned.
Udemy is a “learn on demand” website and app. It is for career-oriented individuals to start their course pricing at $10.99. This app allows you the flexibility to take your time on a course you purchase over the course of several months, without worrying about recurring (重复的) payments before you finish. This flexible learning app allows you to take things slow, fast, or anywhere in-between with complete control on your end.
Duolingo is the premier leader in language education for learning apps. You can learn to speak 29 different languages, all at the touch of a button. You'll be invited to not only read new words, but to speak them. You'll learn grammar and conversational strategies. This app helps you learn to communicate with a new portion of its inhabitants!
43．According to the passage, what apps allow you to learn at your speed A．Khan Academy and Udemy. B．Udemy and Duolingo.
C．Khan Academy and BrainPOP. D．BrainPOP and Duolingo.
44．What can Duolingo offer its users
A．Subjects reviewing. B．Speaking practice.
C．Technical support. D．Career training.
45．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To compare the difference of different learning methods.
B．To introduce the development of learning technology.
C．To help find the suitable learning apps.
D．To provide various learning activities.
（2021·北京丰台·统考一模）At university, when I told people I was studying for a history degree, the response was almost always the same, “You want to be a teacher ” No, a journalist. “Oh. But you’re not majoring in communications ”
In the days when a university education was a privilege, perhaps there wasn’t the assumption that a degree had to be a springboard directly into a career. Those days are long gone. Today, a degree is all but a necessity for the job market, one that more than halves your chances of being unemployed. Still, that alone is no guarantee of a job—and yet we’re paying more and more for one.
Given those costs, most of us want to maximize that investment — and that can lead to a plug-and-play type of approach to higher education. Want to be a journalist Study journalism, we’re told. A lawyer Pursue pre-law. Not totally sure Go into STEM (Science, Technology, Engineer and Maths) — you can become an engineer or an IT expert. And no matter what you do, forget the humanities, such as history, philosophy and languages.
It’s true that the humanities come with a higher risk of unemployment, but the risk is slighter than you would imagine. For young people in the U.S. , the unemployment rate of those with humanities degrees is four percent, just a little more than that of engineering degree holders. Lower salaries may not be caused by the degree itself either. The gender pay gap persists in the humanities, whose graduates are more likely to be female. Is it any wonder then that language teachers tend to make less than engineers
According to LinkedIn’s research on the most sought-after job skills by employers for 2019, the ability to communicate and get along with people, to understand what’s on other people’s minds, and to do full-strength critical analysis were all valued and appreciated. It goes without saying that you can be an excellent communicator and critical thinker without a humanities degree. And any good university education, not just one in English or psychology, should sharpen these abilities further. But few courses of study are quite as heavy on reading, writing, speaking and critical thinking as the humanities — whether that’s by debating other students in a seminar, writing a thesis paper or analyzing poetry.
The whole question of whether a student should choose STEM versus the humanities might be misguided to begin with. The headlines most of us see don’t help. Whatever a student pursues in university, it must be something that they are not only good at, but interested in. Even if it means pursuing a “useless” degree — like one in humanities.
46．Why are people paying more and more for a degree
A．Because people need a degree to further their career.
B．Because university education is considered a privilege.
C．Because a degree is viewed as a must for landing a job.
D．Because their interest can be developed in university.
47．The author mentioned a plug-and-play type of approach to show ________.
A．a tip for choosing a major
B．the importance of higher education
C．a problem that exists among STEM graduates
D．the reason why people overlook the humanities
48．According to the author, what is the benefit of majoring in humanities
A．A comparatively high salary after graduation.
B．Better chances of getting rid of gender prejudice.
C．A better communicative skill than science students.
D．More exposure to the training of language and thinking.
49．What is the author's attitude towards the pursuit of humanities
A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic.
C．Objective. D．Concerned.
（2021·北京丰台·统考一模）Just because a scientist puts a GPS tracking collar on a wild polar bear does not mean the animal will willingly keep it on. They can remove it, if one becomes annoying. But scientists have now found a way of using signals from those dropped collars to track the ice itself.
The scientists identified 20 collars that transmitted movement data consistent with ice drift (漂流) rather than polar bear motion between 2005 and 2015. The resulting records of how melting ice drifts in Hudson Bay are unique; there are no easily accessible on-the-ground sensors, and satellite observations often cannot accurately capture the motion of small ice sheets.
The team compared the removed collars’ movements to widely used ice-drift modeling data from the U. S. National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay — as well as the overall extent of drift. Over the course of several months the model could diverge (偏离) from an ice sheet’s location by a few hundred kilometers, the scientists say.
This means the bears may be working harder, when moving against the direction of the ice, than scientists had assumed, “Since we’re underestimating the speed of drift, we’re likely underestimating the energetic effort of polar bears,” says Ron Togunov, who led the study.
The study reveals timely insight into how highly mobile ice moves. As melting increases in coming years, such ice will likely become more common farther north, in the central Arctic, says Andy Mahoney, a geophysicist at the University of Alaska, who was not involved in the study. Scientists had known NSIDC data could underestimate drift speeds, Mahoney says, but “any time we can find a data gap and plug it is a good thing.”
Plus, such data could improve predictions about how oil spills or other pollutants may spread in seas littered with drifting ice, says Walt Meier, a senior NSIDC research scientist. The findings may even influence future NSIDC models. “It'’s a really nice data set.” Meier says. “And certainly one we’ll take under consideration.”
50．What can a GPS tracking collar do
A．Measure the depth of ice sheet. B．Capture the movement of ice.
C．Describe the melting speed of ice. D．Record the emotional state of bears.
51．What can we learn about the collar data
A．It shows the ice moves more slowly from its original location.
B．It may reveal polar bears are not so energetic as before.
C．It indicates the ice is more likely to move south in the central Arctic.
D．It can help predict the location of some pollutants in seas.
52．Which would be the best title for this passage
A．Data Tells a Different Story B．Wild Polar Bears’ Signaling
C．Insights into a Puzzling Aspect D．Ice Is Taken under Consideration
（2021·北京丰台·统考一模）Recycling Electronic Waste
When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies—and people.
Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN—the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before.
But what could they do about this project with e-waste The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it.
Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste.
The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began learning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time.
For a lasting solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn’t enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste.
Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.”
53．What was Alex’s worry after he read the article
A．The littering of e-waste. B．The recycling of plastic.
C．The change of environment. D．The overuse of old computers.
54．What did Alex do to start the project
A．Set up WIN. B．Collect information.
C．Ask friends for help. D．Carry out a survey.
55．Which can best describe the way Alex and his team did their work
A．Traditional. B．Competitive.
C．Scientific. D．Convenient.
56．What message does the story convey
A．There is no end to perfection.
B．Success comes through failure.
C．Every positive attitude has a reward.
D．Young people can make a big difference.
（2020·北京丰台·统考二模）Something strange was happening inside LeeAnne’s home. During the summer of 2014，14-year-old J.D．had stomach severe pains, but his CT scan found nothing wrong. LeeAnne and her husband lost hair and suffered dizziness and headaches. LeeAnne even lost her eyelashes.
In January 2015, the city of Flint sent out a notice that the water supply, switched from the Detroit water system to the Flint River to cut cost, contained high levels of trihalomethanes (三卤甲烷). The notice warned that people with poor immune (免疫的) systems might be at increased risk for liver, kidney, and nervous system problems but emphasized that the water was otherwise safe to drink.
Alarmed, LeeAnne researched the water supply and searched the Internet. Then she distributed a fact sheet to city officials, listing the side effects of exposure to trihalomethanes. Then she urged her neighbors to attend city council meetings, where they shared their health problems. Still, officials insisted the water was safe to drink. So LeeAnne demanded that the city test her water.
The results were disturbing. The trihalomethanes were the least of her problems. The lead levels in her water were nearly seven times the legal amount. But the city maintained her plumbing (管道) was the cause.
LeeAnne immediately had her children tested for lead. All the kids showed lead exposure. She read Flint’s water quality reports and discovered the city wasn’t applying the proper corrosion (腐蚀) control standards to its pipes; the standards prevent the metal in pipes from leaching into the water.
In March, a follow-up test of LeeAnne’s water showed lead levels nearly 27 times higher than the EPA’s threshold. LeeAnne’s pipes could not be responsible for the high lead levels, since they were plastic.
In September, Virginia Tech lab released a report that concluded the Flint River water was 19 times more corrosive than the Detroit water.
The governor eventually admitted the water was unsafe. He ordered that Flint’s water supply be switched back to Detroit’s. In Washington, President Barack Obama declared a state of emergency in Flint and ordered federal aid to help the city recover.
57．How did LeeAnne react to the city notice
A．She had her children tested for lead.
B．She asked the city to replace her pipes.
C．She urged the officials to test Flint’s water.
D．She collected side effects of trihalomethanes.
58．What is the leading cause of the family’s health problem
A．The lead in their water.
B．Corrosion to their pipes.
C．Their poor immune systems.
D．Exposure to Trihalomethanes.
59．City officials’ attitude toward the water issue was _____.
A．unconcerned B．cautious
C．doubtful D．objective
60．What does the story mainly tell us
A．Revealing the truth takes time.
B．Nothing can stop a determined heart.
C．It takes courage to challenge authority.
D．Joint effort is the key to solving problems.
（2020·北京丰台·统考二模）Turtles have an unfortunate habit of eating plastic objects floating in the sea. These cannot be digested and may ultimately kill them. It is widely assumed that this fondness for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity. Drifting plastic bags, for instance, look similar to jellyfish (水母), which many types of turtles love to eat. Yet lots of plastic objects that end up inside turtles have no similarity to jellyfish. Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida therefore suspects that the smell of marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) which grow on floating plastic objects fools turtles into feeding.
The idea that the smell of floating plastic objects might lure animals to their death first emerged in 2016. Researchers at the University of California noticed that certain chemicals, notably dimethyl sulphide (二甲基硫), which are released into the air by floating plastics, are those which many seabirds sniff (嗅) to track down food. These chemicals mark good places to hunt because they indicate plenty of the algae (海藻) and bacteria (细菌). The researchers also found that birds which pursue their food in this way are five or six times more likely to eat plastic than those which do not.
Since turtles are known to break the surface periodically and sniff the air when finding the way to their feeding areas, Dr Pfaller theorised that they are following these same chemicals, and are likewise fooled into thinking that floating plastic objects are eatable.
To test that idea, he and his colleagues set up an experiment. They arranged for 15 turtles to be exposed to four smells: the vapour from deionised water; the smell of turtle-feeding balls made of shrimp and fish meal; the smell of a clean plastic bottle chopped up into ten pieces; and the smell of a similarly chopped bottle that had been kept in the ocean for five weeks to allow algae and bacteria to grow on it.
Two of the smells proved far more attractive to the animals than the others. When sniffing both the smell of food balls and that of five-week-old bottles, turtles kept their nostrils out of the water more than three times as long, and took twice as many breaths as they did when what was on offer was the smell of fresh bottle-plastic or deionised-water vapour.
Though they have not yet tested whether dimethyl sulphide is the culprit, Dr Pfaller and his colleagues think it is the most likely candidate. In an unpolluted ocean, pretty well anything which had this smell would be eatable— or, at least, harmless. Unfortunately, five-week-old plastic bottles and their like are not.
61．Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that turtles ________.
A．mistake plastic objects for jellyfish
B．are fooled into eating plastics by a smell
C．are dying out as a result of plastic pollution
D．break down plastics without much difficulty
62．What can we infer from the research on seabirds
A．Seabirds eat plastics for the taste.
B．The algae and bacteria grow well on plastics.
C．Researchers got the idea from the study of turtles.
D．Some seabirds pursue food in a similar way to turtles.
63．Dr Pfaller’s research shows_______.
A．turtles prefer the smell of plastics
B．turtles live on marine microorganisms
C．dimethyl sulphide may be to blame for turtles’ death
D．plastics release the same chemicals as microorganisms
64．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To propose a new way to study turtles.
B．To stress the importance of improving ecosystem.
C．To introduce the findings on the cause of turtles’ death.
D．To explain the effects of plastic pollution on sea animals.
（2020·北京丰台·统考二模）As an excellent international organization to deliver both camping and an academic opportunity, Eagles Landing International （ELI）offers school-aged students the opportunity to experience targeted academic programs, global leadership development, and exposure to an authentic camping experience.
ELI ACADEMIC STREAMS
At ELI, we create global leaders by integrating camping with personalized academic activities designed around our two learning streams.
English Language Immersion--We believe that the best way to learn a language is to live that language. Personalized activities prepare campers to be as successful as possible in achieving their language goals. Daily interactions with our American campers give campers the opportunity to apply newly acquired language skills.
Global Leadership--For those who have a more advanced English language level, we design activities that teach the skills based on cultural intelligence,communication strategies, as well as critical thinking that are necessary in today’s modem, global society.
ELI CAMP LIFE
With a focus on the development of social-emotional and physical well-being, ELI campers will grow as global community members and leaders.
Accommodation
Our International Village provides the ultimate security and peace of mind in an environment beneficial to learning and social interaction. Male and female campers will be housed on separate floors with on-duty supervision （监督）24 hours a day.
Meal plan
Student-campers will be provided with breakfast, lunch, and dinner as well as a morning fruit break. Special dietary needs can usually be accommodated with advanced notice.
To truly appreciate the way it inspires our student-campers to learn, perform, and compete at the highest levels every day, join us in South Florida for an unforgettable experience.
ELI Typical Weekly Schedule
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday &Saturday Sunday
9:15-9:55 Academics Academics Academics Academics Short trips: Beach, Disney, Universal, Water Park, etc. Clean-up
9:55-10:10 Fruit Break Fruit Break Fruit Break Fruit Break
10:10-10:50 Academics Academics Academics Academics Brunch
10:55-11:30 Basketball Water Slide Yoga Track Swim
11:35-12:35 Swim Swim Swim Swim
13:35-14:15 Music Science & Nature Music Science &Nature House keeping
14:20-14:35 Ice Cream Ice Cream Ice Cream Ice Cream
14:40-16:00 Rest Hour Rest Hour Rest Hour Rest Hour Weights, Gym, Field
16:00-16:40 Academics Academics Academics Academics
19:30-20:30 Evening Program Evening Program Evening Program Evening Program Evening Program
65．What does ELI offer its campers
A．Overseas trips.
B．A flexible schedule.
C．Safe accommodation.
D．Meals from different countries.
66．What makes ELI different from other camps
A．It provides programs by age group.
B．It focuses on developing social skills.
C．It creates a new way of learning languages.
D．It combines camping with academic programs.
67．According to ELI Typical Weekly Schedule, campers _______.
A．are free in the evening
B．can enjoy a variety of sports
C．are quite busy with academics
D．are expected to plan their weekends
（2020·北京丰台·统考一模）In industry and medicine, robots routinely build, break down and inspect things; they also assist in surgery and pharmacies. Neither they nor “social” robots-which are designed to engage with people and to establish an emotional connection-behave like The Jetsons’ maid, Rosie, or other beloved robots of fiction. Even so, expect social robots to become more complicated and popular in the next few years.
Like most robots, social robots use artificial intelligence (AI) to decide how to act on information received through cameras and other sensors. The ability to respond in ways that seem lifelike has been informed by research into such issues as how perceptions (认知) form, what constitutes social and emotional intelligence, and how people understand others’ thoughts and feelings. Advances in AI have enabled designers to translate such psychological and neuroscientific (神经学的) insights into algorithms (演算) that allow robots to recognize voices, faces and emotions; interpret speech and gestures; respond appropriately to complex verbal and nonverbal cues; make eye contact; speak conversationally; and adapt to people’s needs by learning from feedback, rewards and criticisms.
In consequence, social robots are filling an ever expanding variety of roles. A 47-inch humanoid called Pepper (from SoftBank Robotics), for instance, recognizes faces and basic human emotions and engages in conversations via a touch screen in its “chest.” About 15,000 Peppers worldwide perform such services as hotel check-ins, airport customer service, shopping assistance and fast-food checkout. Social robots have particular appeal for assisting the world’s growing elderly population. Japan’s PARO Therapeutic (治疗的) Robot, which looks like a lovely seal (海豹), is meant to stimulate and reduce stress for those with Alzheimer’s disease and other patients. Mabu (Catalia Health) engages patients, particularly the elderly, reminding them to take walks and medication. Social robots are also gaining popularity with consumers as toys. Early attempts to incorporate social behavior in toys, such as Hasbro’s Baby Alive and Sony’s AIBO robotic dog, had limited success. But both are resurging, and the most recent version of AIBO has complicated voice and gesture recognition, can be taught tricks and develops new behaviors based on previous interactions.
Worldwide sales of consumer robots reached an estimated $5.6 billion in 2018, and the market is expected to grow to $19 billion by the end of 2025. This trend may seem surprising given that multiple well-funded consumer robot companies, such as Jibo and Anki, have failed. But a wave of robots is lining up to take the place of defunct robots, including BUDDY (Blue Frog Robotics), a big-eyed mobile device that plays games in addition to acting as a personal assistant and providing home automation and security.
68．Paragraph 2 mainly tells us ________.
A．what the features of social robots are
B．what promotes social robots’ engagement with people
C．how algorithms are improved to adapt to people’s needs
D．how psychological and neuroscientific insights are translated
69．According to Paragraph 3, social robots ________.
A．have a wide range of applications
B．have the ability to deal with emergencies
C．have a tendency to take the place of humans
D．have successfully gained psychological insight
70．What can we learn from the passage
A．Social robots are designed as personal assistants.
B．Robots in industry and medicine need improvement.
C．Consumer robots have been successful all these years.
D．Social robots are popular due to great interactive abilities.
71．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To predict the prospect of social robots.
B．To introduce the advances of social robots.
C．To report the application of AI in social robots.
D．To show the influence of social robots on our life.
（2020·北京丰台·统考一模）The spot of red was what first caught Randy Heiss’s attention on December 16, 2018. He walked toward it and found a balloon attached to a piece of paper. “Dayami,” it read on one side, in a child’s writing. Heiss flipped the paper over. It was a numbered list in Spanish. His Spanish isn’t very good, but he could see it was a Christmas list.
He was charmed and wondered whether he could find the child. About 20 miles to the southwest, just across the border, was the city of Nogales, Mexico. Based on the prevailing wind, he was pretty sure that’s where it came from.
Back home, Heiss’s wife who is fluent in Spanish translated the list. Dayami, probably a girl, had asked for a doll, a dollhouse, clothes and art supplies.
Heiss then posted about his quest on Facebook, attaching photos, hoping someone might know the girl’s family.
A few days passed with no leads; Heiss worried that time was running out before Christmas. On December 19, he decided to send a private Facebook message to Radio XENY based in Nogales. The next morning, Heiss awoke to a message: The staff had located Dayami, who indeed lived in Nogales and would be willing to arrange a get-together at the radio station.
Heiss and his wife rushed to buy everything on Dayami’s list. Then they drove for 45 minutes, crossing the border into Nogales. They finally met the very excited girl. “Her eyes were wide open with wonder. Like, ‘Oh my gosh, this really did work!’ It was a beautiful experience,” Heiss said. “Quite healing for us.”
Heiss, 61, has lived in Bisbee, Arizona for more than three decades. Ten years ago, he and his wife lost their only child. They have no grandchildren. Now they split their time between Nogales and Bisbee.
“Being around children at Christmastime has been absent in our lives,” Heiss said. “It’s been kind of a gaping hole in our Christmas experience.” He has since reflected on what a miracle it was that he spotted the balloon at all, let alone that he was able to locate Dayami and her family.
72．On December 16, Heiss ________.
A．planned to go to Nogales
B．found a wish list by accident
C．spotted a card attached to a balloon
D．read a story about Dayami on Facebook
73．What did Heiss do to find Dayami
A．He asked his wife for advice.
B．He posted Dayami’s photo online.
C．He drove to Nogales to find clues.
D．He turned to Radio XENY for help.
74．What do we learn about Heiss
A．He has lived alone for many years.
B．He is not good at learning languages.
C．He has built a close bond with Dayami.
D．He buys Dayami gifts every Christmas.
75．What does the story intend to tell us
A．Giving is rewarding.
B．All for one, one for all.
C．Actions speak louder than words.
D．Treat others as you hope they will treat you.
（2020·北京丰台·统考一模）If you think about it, work-life balance is a strange ambition for a fulfilling life. Balance is about stasis: if our lives were ever in balance-parents happy, kids taken care of, work working-then our overriding thought would be to shout “Nobody move!” and pray all would stay perfect forever. This false hope is made worse by the categories themselves. They imply that work is bad, and life is good. And so the challenge, we are told, is to balance the heaviness of work with the lightness of life.
Yet work is not the opposite of life. It is instead a part of life-just as family is, as are friends and community. All of these aspects of living have their share of uplifting moments and moments that drag us down. The same is true of work. Treat work the same way you do life: by maximizing what you love.
We have interviewed several anesthesiologists (麻醉师) about the thrills they feel in their jobs. One said he loved the thrill of holding each patient hovering at that one precise point between life and death. Another said she loved the bedside conversations before the operation aiming to calm the panic that affects many patients. Another was drawn mostly to the anesthetic mechanism and has devoted himself to defining precisely how each drug does what it does.
Think of your life’s many different activities as threads. Some are black and some are white. But some of these activities appear to be made of a different substance. These activities contain all the tell-tale signs of love: before you do them, you find yourself looking forward to them; while you’re doing them, time speeds up and you find yourself in flow; and after you’ve done them, you feel energetic. These are your red threads, and research by the Mayo Clinic suggests that doctors who weave the fabric of their life with at least 20% red threads are significantly less likely to experience burnout.
The simplest way for you to do this is to spend a week in love with your job. During the week, any time you find yourself feeling one of the signs of love write down exactly what you were doing in the column “Love”. And any time you find yourself feeling the inverse write down what you were doing in the column “Loathe”. By the end of the week you will see a list of activities in your “Love” column, which create in you a positive feeling, one that draws you in and lifts you up.
Our goal should be to, little by little, week by week, intentionally unbalance all aspects of our work toward the former and away from the latter. Not simply to make us feel better, but so that our colleagues, our friends and our family can all benefit from us at our very best.
76．What is the author’s attitude towards work-life balance
A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving.
C．Supportive. D．Neutral.
77．The author uses th