牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册Unit 1 Nature in the Balance Extended reading知识点学案（无答案）

Unit 1 Extended reading语言知识点
词形转换
1_____________adj.完全的,全部的-_____________ adv. 完全地,全部地,完整地
2___________n.利润vi.&vt.获益,对……有用-____________adj.赢利的;有益的
3_________vt.&vi.防御,保护;vt.辩解,辩白一______________n.辩护;防御,保护
____________adj. 防御的,保护的,保卫的___________-adj.不能自卫的,无防御的
4___________wn.经济-__________n.经济学家- _________adj. 经济的,经济上的
5_______________adj.贫穷的-______________________n.贫穷，贫困;贫乏
6_______________vt. 污染;毒死,毒害n.毒物,毒药-______________adj.有毒的
7__________________________adj.随之发生的-
___________________________-n.结果,后果-_____________________adv.因此
8__________n.官员,要员 adj. 公务的;正式的,官方的-______adv.官方地,正式地
短语积累:
rapid development高速发展 2.get rid of摆脱；去除
3.protest against 反对；对…提出抗议 4.tend to 总是，往往
5.be eager to do渴望做某事 6.make huge profits获得巨额利润
7.in defence of为……说话/辩护；防护 8.point out指出，指明
9.speak for要求…得到；代表…讲话 10.be concerned about对…担忧
11.take measures采取措施 12.draw attention to吸引对…的注意力
13.on the rise加重；上涨 14.observe policy遵守政策
15.work hand in hand携手合作
16.in an environmentally friendly way义一种环保的方式
munity-wide effort全社会的努力 18.golden rule黄金法则
19.lift people out of poverty让人们摆脱贫困
20.advance economic growth推动经济增长
21.a human community with a shared future人类命运共同体
语言知识积累
Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smiths, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental protection of committee.今晚加入我们的工作室的还有当地居民詹姆斯·史密斯；文森特·布朗，当地一家工厂的高级经理；还有诺盖特环境保护委员会主席朱莉·阿彻。
表语置于句首引起的全部倒装有时为了强调，或使句子平衡，或使上下文衔接更紧密，需要将表语置于句首，此时句子要全部倒装，将系动词提到主语前面；作表语的可以是形容词、介词短语、分词等。表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+系动词+主语”。
特别注意:在表语置于句首的倒装句中，要注意主谓一致，即谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致，与表语无关。
读后续写之----人物描写训练
①在一个小村庄里住着一个叫做Karen的美丽女孩。她有着大大的眼睛和黑色的长发，走到哪都是乐呵呵___________________________________________________________________
②一位戴着眼镜的年老绅士坐在长椅上看报纸，脸上露出淡淡的笑容。__________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
【即时训练】 用所给词的适当形式填空
　① ______ (bury) in the sands was an ancient village.
　② East of the city ___ (lie) our beautiful school, in which there are many flowers and trees.
完成句子
　③ ______________________ （出席会议的）scientists from all over the world.
④ Once upon a time there ________________ (有个名医）known by the name of Hua Tuo.
⑤ Look at the little dog! ___________（它跑过来了）.
⑥ At the school gate ________________(坐着一位老太太), waiting to see her grandson.
⑦年终颁奖典礼终于来临了。Then ____________________________ at the end of the year.
⑧中国和美国的高等教育有很多不同。
There __________________ in higher education between China and America.
2.The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey； it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of. 空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色；这让我咳嗽不止。
get rid of 摆脱， 丢弃， 扔掉 be rid of sth./sb. 摆脱某人/某事物
rid sb/sth of...去除； 清除…… rid oneself of sb/sth摆脱； 从…中解脱
(1)It's time we ________________the drawback of the electronic product.该是我们除去这一电子产品的缺点的时候了。
(2)To _________________, I suggest you eat some sugars and fruit to remove your attention.为了戒烟，我建议你吃一点糖和水果来转移你的注意力。
(3)Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world __ hunger.
3.People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits. 人们往往把工厂与大片肮脏的烟雾和渴望获取巨额利润且不负责任的商人形象联系在一起。
profit n.[C， U] 利润， 收益， 盈利 [U] 益处， 好处vi.&vt.获益， 得到好处
make a profit赚取利润 profit by/from 从……中获利
①profitless adj.无利的； 无益的 ②protable adj有利可图的； 有益的
【语境运用】 翻译句子。
通过卖废品，她获利颇丰。____________________________________________________
John在国外呆了一年，受益匪浅。_______________________________________________
她一下午在图书馆里收获不小。_______________________
4.In defence of factories， however， I'd like to point out that they also try to control the amount of pollution they produce. 不过， 为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是，他们也在努力控制自己制造的污染量。
defence n.辩护； 防御； 保护； 防御物； 国防； 防守…
defence n. 防御，保护；防守；辩护 in defence of /in one’s defence 为……辩护；保卫……
defend v. 保卫；防守；辩护；维护defend… against/from… 保卫……免受……伤害
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
完成句子
①They were fighting like lions in defence _______________ their homeland.
②As a famous politician once said, attack is the best method of ______________(defend).
③The PLA defends our motherland_____________________ being attacked.
We’ve been taking various measures, …to reduce pollution in the production process… (L24)我们一直在采取各种措施……以减少生产过程中的污染……
process n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt. 加工；处理 in the process of doing sth. 在做某事的过程中
in the process 同时，在……过程中 in process 在进行中
【语境运用】完成句子。
1) All the information was then ready _____________ (process) into film negatives.
2) More than 100 applications for travel visas have to be __________ (process).
3) The company is ______________ (在……过程中) moving to new offices.
6. I’d also like to draw your attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate. (L25)我还想请你们注意工厂给Norgate带来的经济效益
economic adj. 经济的；经济上的；可赚钱的 economy n. 经济；经济状况
economical adj. 经济的，实惠的；节俭的；精打细算的
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) China’s Silk Road Economic Belt, once accomplished, will quicken the __________ growth of the countries along the route.
2) The __________ car is big enough for a family of three unless you need more space for baggage.
3) With the __________ developing fast, we are better off and live a more convenient life.
7.With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
随着污染水平的上升，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在寻找解决这个问题的方法。
“with+复合宾语”又称“with复合结构”， 复合宾语中的宾语由名词或代词充当，宾语补足语由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。该结构在句中表示状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。具体结构如下：
①with+名词/代词+名词
He died with his daughter yet a school girl.他去世时， 女儿还在上学。
②with+名词/代词+介词短语
She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.她含着眼泪说了再见。
He was asleep with his head on his arms.他头枕着胳膊睡着了。
③with+名词/代词+形容词(强调名词/代词的特性或状态)
Don't speak with your mouthfull.嘴巴里塞满食物时不要说话。
④with+名词/代词+副词
He stood before his teacher with his head down.他低着头站在老师面前。
⑤with+名词/代词+-ed分词(强调名词/代词是-ed分词动作的承灾者或动作已经发生)
The girl stood there still， with eyes fixed on the wall.女孩一动不动地站在那里，眼睛盯着墙。
⑥with+名词/代词+ing分词(强调名词/代词是-ng分词动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行)
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈生病，我无法去度假。
⑦with+名词/代词+to do(强调不定式动作尚未发生)
I can’t go out with these clothes to wash.有这些衣服要洗， 我不能出门。
单句语法填空
① With a lot of difficult problems ________(settle), the manager felt worried all the time.
② John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______ (finish), he gladly accepted it.
③ The day was bright, with a fresh breeze _______ (blow).
④ I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes _____ (fix) on the ceiling.
⑤ With all the work _____ (do), I won't have time to go out.
完成句子
⑥这个男孩低着头站在那儿。The boy stood there ____________________________________.
8. A former UN official once said,”Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty, advancing economic growth...these are one and the same fight.”
一位联合国前官员曾经说过”拯救我们的地球，让人们摆脱贫困，实现经济增长 这些就是同一场战斗。”(L47)
former adj. 昔日的，前任的；从前的 latter adj. 后者的；后面的
the former… the latter… 前者……后者……
Their farm has been reduced to_________________________________.他们的农场已缩小到以前一半大小。
Of swimming and football he ________________________. 在游泳和足球中他更喜欢前者。
one and the same 同一个(人或物)，表示强调。
I was amazed to discover that Muhammad Ali and Cassius Clay were _______________ 我惊奇地发现Muhammad Ali和Cassius Clay是同一个人。
9.It's our duty to protect our environment while aiming for economic development.在追求经济发展的同时保护环境是我们的责任。
it作形式主语，不定式(短语)作真正的主语
单句语法填空
（1）________was interesting to be in a different environment.
（2）To understand why they are doing it, it is necessary ________(know)where they come from.
（3）It is my great pleasure _______(welcome) all of you, officially, to the APEC(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)Economic Leaders’ Meeting.
（4）_______took the police only several days to crack the case.
10..consequence n.结果,后果；重要性
(1) as a consequence＝in consequence 结果；因此
as a consequence of＝in consequence of 由于……的缘故
(2) consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的 (3) consequently adv. 所以；因此；结果
1.语法填空
①There is no doubt______it is human activities that result in the bad environment. As________consequence, all countries in the world should try their best to improve it.
②Good language learners look for opportunities to use the new language outside the classroom and______________( consequent) learn the language more quickly.
2.一句多译
今天早上我睡过头了,所以上学迟到了。
①I overslept this morning and,________________________,I was late for school.
②__________________________oversleeping this morning, I was late for school.
理解长难句：
In defence of the factories，however，I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.
_____________________________________________________________________
I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we’re deeply concerned about the environment.
_____________________________________________________________________
We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way.
_____________________________________________________________________
It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development. It’s our duty to leave a better, cleaner and healthier planet to our children. It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared
高考真题练习 2022年新高考I卷
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 56__________ (cover)an area about three times 57___________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58____________ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59_________________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60________________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61________________ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62_____________________ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 63_________________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 64__________________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65___________________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.