高考英语五种基本句型知识难点突破学案（无答案）

简单句的五种基本句型
S十V主谓结构
S十V十P主系表结构
S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语
1. 基本句型一： S十V主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词， come, die, fall, rise,等等。如：
(1). 学生们学习很努力。Students study hard.
(2). 事故是昨天晚上发生的。 The accident happened yesterday.
2. 基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构; adj修饰系动词be, look, seem, feel ,smell, taste, sound, get, grow, turn, go, 等等。如：
(1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
(2) The food goes bad.
(3) The autumn has come . The leaves turn red.
look terrible, smell good, taste delicious, sound good,
3. 基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构 作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：
(1) I watched a movie yesterday.
(2) I don’t have money now.
4. 基本句型四: S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构，O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语
这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：
I buy you a gift. I buy a gift to you
You pass me the ball.
He told us a story .
You give me a flower.
注意：双宾语一个指人（即间接宾语），另一个指物（即直接宾语）。一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面。能跟双宾语的动词：ask, bring, take, buy, cost, fetch, give, hand, pass, lend, offer, pay, read, save, send, show, teach, tell等。有时它们也可交换位置，这时需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to 或for 。
Could you pass me the pen = Could you pass the pen to me
Li Ming lent me some money. = Li Ming lent some money to me.
用to还是for取决于前面的动词。
A：bring, give, hand, leave, lend, pass, pay, return, send, teach, tell, throw, write,等动词后跟to。
B：buy, cook, do, find, get, make, play, sing, save,等动词后跟for。
5. 基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
(1) 请让孩子们安静下来。Keep the kids quiet, please.
(2) 他把墙漆成白色。He paints the wall white.
(3) 我们发现他是一个善良的人。We found him a kind man.
注意：动词have/let/make sb do sth, see/watch/feel/hear sb do/doing sth等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时, 不带to。如：
(1) The boss made him do the work all day.
(2) I have you clean the classroom.
(3) I hear a bird sing outside.
简单句五种基本句型练习
辨形练习
Time flies.
Class begins!
The man doesn’t smoke.
We all laughed.
Everybody has arrived.
I am crying.
The sun rises.
Does it hurt
The book sells well.(sell用主动形式表示被动意义)
以上九种例句属于 句型结构。
This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
The book is interesting.
The dinner smells delicious.
Everything looks different.
His face turned red.
He feels happy.
The weather becomes warmer.
I’m happy to meet you.
They are willing to help.
以上九种例句属于 句型结构。
Who knows the answer
She laughed at him.
He understands English.
Tom made cakes.
They ate some apples.
Danny likes donuts.
I want to have a cup of tea.
The teacher said “Good morning”.
以上九种例句属于 句型结构。
Lily passed her sister a new dress.
He cooked her a delicious meal.
She bought her husband a new watch.
I told her nothing.
I gave him my pictures.
He brought you a dictionary.
I gave him a hand.
He showed me how to run the machine.
John sent Mary some flowers.
以上九种例句属于 句型结构。
We saw him go out.
I saw them getting on the bus.
They call him Bob.
They found the house dirty.
What makes him sad
We keep the table clean.
They painted the door green.
He asked me to come back soon.
以上八种例句属于 句型结构。
They work hard. 句型
The flower is dead. 句型
Plants need water. 句型
He gives me some seeds. 句型
We should keep the plants in the shade. 句型
Many animals live in trees. 句型
二、指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。
①I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside.
②In the modern city, there are some problems, such as air pollution, crowdness and noise.
③In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life.
④There, the air is fresh and the water is clean.
⑤I can hear birds singing in the green trees.
⑥I can also go boating, fishing, and swimming in the lake.
⑦All this will be interesting and good for my health.
⑧So I want to go to the countryside for a change.
1. ( S + V ) _______________
2. ( S + V +O ) _________________
3. ( S + V + C ) ____________________
4. ( S + V + IO + DO ) _______________
5. ( S + V + O + C ) __________________
6. There be 句型 ______________
基本句型的翻译
基本句型（一）主语+不及物动词 ( S + V )
他昨天早上起床很晚。
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会议将持续两个小时。
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1919年，在北京爆发了“五四”运动.( the May Fourth Movement)
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在过去十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
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五年前我住在北京。
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基本句型（二）主语+及物动词+宾语( S + V +O )
昨晚我写了一封信。
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我能流利地说英语。(fluently)
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我想申请这个职位。（position）
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4. 上周我和家人去了北京，参观了许多名胜古迹。
5.我们学校的英语社团现在正在招收成员。
基本句型（三）主语+系动词+表语( S + V + C )
他失业了。
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这个展览的主题是环保。
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知识就是力量。
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良好的开端是成功的一半。
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健康是最大的财富。
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基本句型（四）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ( S + V + IO + DO )
1. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
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2. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？(dictionary)
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3. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。
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现在，我代表我的同学们，祝你安全返回。
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他把车票给列车员看。(conductor)
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基本句型（五）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 ( S + V + O + C )
我们大家都认为他是诚实的。(consider)
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他们总是将房间保持得很整洁。
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我们要使学校变得更美丽。
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这张照片使我想起了我的童年。
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每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。
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