(共85张PPT)
UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES
Western culture
The culture of the United States is a Western culture，and has been developing since long before the United States became a country. Its chief early influence was British culture，due to colonial ties with the British that spread the English language，the legal system and other cultural inheritances. Other important influences came from other parts of Europe，especially countries from which large numbers immigrated such as Ireland，Germany，Poland，and Italy；the Native American peoples；
单元话题导读
Africa，especially the western part，from which came the ancestors of most African Americans；and young groups of immigrants. American culture also has shared influence on the cultures of its neighbors in the New World.
The United States has traditionally been known as a melting pot，but recent academic opinion is tending awards cultural diversity，pluralism and the image of a salad bowl rather than a melting pot. Due to the extent of American culture，there are many integrated but unique subcultures within the United States. The stronger influences on American culture came from northern European cultures，most prominently from Germany，Ireland and England.
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking，
Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．__________ adj. 不同的；多种多样的
→____________ n. 差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性
2．__________ n. 机会；运气
→____________ adj. 幸运的；吉祥的
→______________ adv. 幸运地；吉祥地
→______________ adj. 不幸的；遗憾的
→________________ adv. 不幸地
3．_______ n. (英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯条；芯片；碎片
diverse
diversity
fortune
fortunate
fortunately
unfortunate
unfortunately
chip
4．_________ n．干酪；奶酪
5．________ vi. & vt. 承认 vt. 准许进入(或加入)
→____________ n．允许进入；入场费；承认
6．_____________ adv. 肯定；确实
→___________ adj. 肯定的； 确定的
7．________ vi. 发生；出现
→___________ (过去式/过去分词)
→____________ (现在分词)
8．___________ adv. 在市中心；往市中心
cheese
admit
admission
definitely
definite
occur
occurred
occurring
downtown
9．__________ n. 传教(区)；重要任务；使命
10．___________ n. 地区；区域
11．________ n. 连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员 adj. 滑稽的；使人发笑的
12．_____________ adv. 以后；后来
13．_____________ adj. (有关)历史的
→__________ n．历史
→____________ n．历史学家
mission
district
comic
afterwards
historical
history
historian
14．_______ vt. & vi. 寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求
→_________ (过去式/过去分词)
15．_______ vt. & vi. 挣得；赚得；赢得；博得
16．____________ n. (外来)移民；外侨
17．_________ vt. 选择；挑选；选拔
→____________ adj. 有选择性的
→____________ n. 选择； 挑选； 选拔
18．________ n. 瓷；瓷器
19．_______ n. 爵士乐
seek
sought
earn
immigrant
select
selective
selection
china
jazz
20．______ n．酒吧；小吃店；小馆子
21．__________ n．简图；图解；图表；示意图
22．__________ n．日志；日记；报纸；刊物
→_____________ n．记者
23．________ vt. & n. 夺取(生命)；宣称；断言
24．_________ n. 一系列；连续；接连
25．___________ n. 少数民族；少数派；少数人
→___________ n. 大部分； 大多数
26．_________ vi. & vt. 逃走；逃脱；避开 n. 逃跑；逃脱；解脱
bar
diagram
journal
journalist
claim
series
minority
majority
escape
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．head _____ (朝)…… 前进；(向……)去
2．_______ one’s fortune 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
3．earn ____ living谋生
4．a series _____ 一系列或一连串(事件)
5．apart _______ 除了……外(还)；此外
6．be made _____ 由……制成
7．be able to _____ sth. 能够/会做某事
8．used to _____ sth. 过去常常做某事
9．bring ________ 导致；引起
to
seek
a
of
from
of
do
do
about
Ⅲ．重点句型
1．_________________ Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
美洲土著居民很可能在至少一万五千年前迁往加州。
2．I walked around ______________________ for a few hours.
我在街上转了几个小时，欣赏街头艺术。
3．In the same year，gold was discovered near San Francisco，______ started a gold rush.
同年，在旧金山附近发现了黄金，这引起了淘金热。
It is likely that
looking at the street art
which
Ⅳ．课文理解
1．What does the word “definitely” in the first paragraph mean？______
A．Doubtfully. B．Only.
C．Certainly. D．Finally.
2．According to the third paragraph，which is not the way that Chinese used to earn a living？______
A．Performed street art. B．Opened up shops and restaurants.
C．Found jobs on farms. D．Joined the gold rush.
C
A
3．Where would the author go tomorrow evening？______
A．A Café in Chinatown.
B．The Golden Gate Bridge.
C．Napa Valley.
D．A jazz bar in the Richmond District.
D
4．What is TRUE about the Mission District？______
A．It is the oldest part of Mexico.
B．The people living there are mainly from China.
C．It used to be a very wealthy area of the town.
D．It is near the centre of San Francisco.
D
5．From the passage，we know that ______.
A．after the earthquake in 1906，San Francisco received a lot of financial support from the government
B．in the evening，Li Lan ate some western food in a Cantonese restaurant
C．in 1848，over 300，000 people from all over the world rushed to San Francisco to seek their fortune
D．Chinese immigrants had arrived in California long before gold was discovered
C
重 点 单 词
1．admit vi. & vt. 承认 vt. 准许进入(或加入)
You should have the courage to admit your mistakes.
你应当有勇气承认错误。
He admitted taking the money but promised never to do it again.
他承认拿了钱，但他保证再也不做这样的事了。
They admitted that they were then on the spot.
他们承认他们当时在场。
You must admit the task to be difficult.
你必须承认这项任务是艰巨的。
We admitted him into the society.
我们允许他加入协会。
admit (to)sth. 承认某事
admit doing/having done sth. 承认做(了)某事
admit (to sb. ) that… (向某人)承认……
admit… to be＋adj. /n. 承认……是……
admit sb. to/into… 允许某人进入……；接纳某人为……的成员
admission n．[C]承认，供认；[U，C]准许加入；[U]入场费
apply for admission 申请加入
C
单句语法填空
①(2017·天津卷单选) She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library，and I ___________ (admit) that I hadn’t.
她问我是否把书还给了图书馆，我承认我没还。
②She admits to ________ (be) strict with her children.
她承认对自己的孩子很严厉。
admitted
being
③(江西卷阅读)…discounts in the shops and the restaurants，as well as free ____________ (admit) to the Museum.
……免费参观博物馆，还有商店和饭店打折。
④(2019·全国Ⅱ卷阅读) Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact on college _____________ and practical life skills.
戈登说HUNCH项目对大学招生和实用生活技能有影响。
admission
admissions
完成句子
⑤She _________________________ (承认犯了一个错误) yesterday.
⑥Only ticket-holders _____________________ the stadium.
只有持票者才可以进入体育场。
⑦News came that Wang Lin ____________________ Peking University.
传来消息说王林被北京大学录取了。
admitted making a mistake
will be admitted into
had been admitted to
2．occur vi. 发生；出现
And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.
这是一座什么样的城市，这是一座在1906年地震后得以重建的城市。
(2019·北京高考)In a world that warms up by 3 ℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.
如果温度再上升3摄氏度，海洋的颜色就会发生各种各样的变化。
A good idea occurred to me while I was watching TV.
我看电视时想到了一个好主意。
It never occurs to him that he should make such great success in teaching career.
他从来没有想到他竟会在教学事业中获得如此巨大的成功。
(1)Sth. occurs to sb. (想法等)浮现在某人的脑海中。
It occurs to sb. that… ……的念头浮现在某人的脑海中。(It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，且that不能省略)
(1)occur的过去式和过去分词均为occurred，现在分词为occurring。
(2)occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主语不能为人。
occur，happen，take place，break out
occur vi. 可指某事偶然发生，可与happen互换，但比较正式。表示“某人想到”时，用occur，后接介词to
happen vi. 特指某事偶然发生。表示“某人发生了某事”，要用sth. happen(s) to sb. ；happen to do sth. 表示“碰巧做某事”
take place 多指有计划、有目的、有步骤地发生，比如举办活动、发生变化等
break out 多指自然灾害、战争、疾病的突然爆发
以上这些表示“发生”的单词或短语都不能用于被动语态
单句语法填空
①(2017·江苏卷任务型阅读)A great decline in young work force is likely __________ (occur) in China，for instance.
②(2018·全国Ⅱ卷完形)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face，something _____________ (occur) me.
③(2018·天津卷阅读)It seldom occurred to them ___________ (wander) a bit，to take a moment to see what’s around them.
to occur
occurred to
to wander
选词填空(occur/happen/take place/break out)
④The terrible war ___________ in 1937.
⑤What ___________ to you last night
⑥When will the wedding ____________
⑦It suddenly ___________ to him that he had left his keys in the office.
broke out
happened
take place
occurred
一句多译
我从来没想到你能说服他改变主意。
⑧ __________________________ you could persuade him to change his mind. (occur)
⑨ ______________________ you could persuade him to change his mind. (strike)
It never occurred to me that
It never struck me that
3．seek vt. & vi. 寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求
If you want to seek success，you must work hard.
你如果想谋求成功，就必须努力工作。
She managed to calm him down and seek help from a neighbour.
她设法使他平静下来，然后向一位邻居求助。
He is going to Canada to seek his fortune.
他将要去加拿大寻找发财机会。
We are always seeking to improve productivity.
我们一直在设法提高生产效率。
(1)seek (for) sth. /sb. 寻找某物/某人
seek… from sb. 向某人请求……
seek one’s fortune外出寻找发财机会，外出闯荡
seek to do sth. (＝try to do sth. )试图做某事，设法做某事
seek through搜查遍
(2)hide-and-seek捉迷藏；躲猫猫
单句语法填空
①Legal advice should ___________ (seek) before you take any further action.
②The farmers seek ____________ (harvest) all the crops before it rains.
③Something suspicious was found after the room was sought __________.
be sought
to harvest
through
完成句子
④They are playing __________________ (捉迷藏)．
⑤To be frank，I ____________________ (已经找遍) my bedroom twice.
⑥When in trouble, you can ____________________________ (向你的老师征求建议)．
hide-and-seek
have sought through
seek advice from your teacher
4．claim vt. 夺取(生命)；宣称；断言；索取 n．声明；断言；索赔
The flood claimed hundreds of lives.
水灾夺走了数百人的生命。
They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.
他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物。
Buy the special supplies for the company，and claim back their cost.
先垫钱替公司买这些特殊用品，然后再把花的钱支出来。
It is claimed that he found the money in the forest.
据说他在森林里找到了那笔钱。
His claim to own the house is valid.
他所持的拥有这所房子的主张是有效的。
Last time we made a claim on our insurance，they paid up really quickly.
上次我们依据保险提出索赔时，他们赔付得很快。
claim to do sth. 声称做某事
claim sth. back 要回某物
claim damages要求损害赔偿
claim sb. ’s life要了某人的命；夺去某人的生命
It is claimed that… 据称……
make a claim索赔
make wild claims about对……夸下海口
make a claim for/on/to… 对……提出请求或要求
写出下列句中claim的含义
①The government would not even consider his claim for money. _______
②They returned to claim what was theirs. _______
③An underground organization has claimed responsibility for the bomb explosion. _______
索赔
索取
声称
单句语法填空
④She __________ (claim) damages from the company for the injury she had suffered.
⑤He made wild _________ (claim)about curing cancer.
⑥You can make ____ claim on your insurance policy.
⑦It is claimed _______ humor not only affects patients’ moods，but can actually help them recover faster.
claimed
claims
a
that
5．series n．一系列；连续；接连
There was a series of bangs as the box fell down the stairs.
箱子掉下楼梯时发出了一连串响声。
a series of一连串的；一系列的
a TV series一部电视连续剧
(1)series 属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有 means，species，works(工厂)，deer，fish，sheep 等。
(2)“a series of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those series of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
A series of lectures is scheduled.
一系列演讲已安排好了。
Two series of lectures are scheduled: one for experts and one for laypeople.
两套演讲已安排好了：一套为专业人员，一套为非专业人员。
完成句子
①(2018·江苏卷阅读)In the 1760s，Mathurin Roze opened __________ (一系列)shops that boasted a special meat soup called consommé.
②There ______ a series of car accidents at the crossing this morning.
今天早晨在十字路口发生了一连串的交通事故。
③The star is to star in ____________________ (电视连续剧) on extreme sports.
a series of
was
a television series
单句语法填空
④She gave ____ series of lectures at Warwick University last year on contemporary British writers.
⑤He’s had a series _____ badly paid jobs.
a
of
6．escape v．& n．逃走；逃脱；避开；被忘掉
He escaped from prison last week，and has been on the run ever since.
他上星期越狱逃跑，从那以后一直东逃西窜。
The bird was lucky to escape being caught.
那只鸟很幸运，躲过了捕杀。
He luckily escaped death in this air crash.
他在这次空难中幸免于难。
No detail escaped his notice.
没有一个细节他没有注意到。
We had a narrow escape when the car turned over.
汽车翻车时我们死里逃生。
The thief made his escape for the door when he spotted the policeman.
小偷一看见警察就向门口逃跑了。
escape from… 从……逃跑
escape being done 没有被做……；逃脱被做……
escape death死里逃生
escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意
have a narrow escape 死里逃生
make one’s escape 逃跑
narrowly escape与have a narrow escape均可表示“侥幸逃脱”，其中escape分别是动词和名词。
熟词生义：escape vi. (气体、液体等)漏出；vt. 被忘掉，被忽视，未被注意(不用于被动语态)
prevent heat from escaping阻止散热
escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意
His name escapes me.
我记不起他的名字了。
X
单句语法填空
①In order to escape ______________ (catch)，the thief attempted to hide himself among the trees but failed.
②Did he have ____ narrow escape from the big five
③He narrowly escaped _______ the train crash without injuries.
④They ran away from the guards and three of them _________ (escape).
⑤No one can escape ____________________________ (punish) if he breaks the law.
being caught
a
from
escaped
punishment/being punished
完成句子
⑥(北京卷阅读)Fortunately，Natalie’s family ____________ Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridges closed.
幸运的是，娜塔莉的家人在城市的桥停止使用前不久逃到了布鲁克林。
⑦We were lucky to escape ______________ in the rain.
我们很幸运，没有被雨淋着。
escaped to
being caught
⑧ _______________________________ work has profound effects on emotions and health.
毫无疑问，工作会对情绪和健康产生深远的影响。
⑨The little girl ___________________ when the earthquake happened.
地震发生时，那个小女孩死里逃生。
⑩(浙江卷写作) Compared with ___________________，I am proud of what I did.
与那个逃逸的司机相比，我为我所做的事感到骄傲。
There’s no escaping the fact that
had a narrow escape
the escaped driver
重 点 短 语
1．lie in在于
lie down躺下
lie on one’s back/side/stomach仰卧/侧卧/俯卧
lie awake 躺着睡不着；醒着躺在那里
比较lie与lay
原形 词性 词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
lie v. 撒谎 lied lied lying
lie vi. 躺；在于 lay lain lying
lay vt. 放置；下蛋；提出 laid laid laying
用lie的适当形式填空
①(2018·江苏卷阅读)The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens _______ in the fact that its collections date from the Middle Ages.
修道院艺术博物馆的吸引力在于它的收藏品追溯到中世纪这一事实。
lies
②The boy ________ on the grass _______ that his cock _______ an egg.
躺在草坪上的那个男孩撒谎说他的公鸡下了一个蛋。
③(2019·全国Ⅱ卷阅读)However，if others benefit in the process，and I get some reward too，does it really matter where my motivation _______
然而，如果其他人在这个过程中受益，而我也得到了一些奖励，我的动机是什么真的重要吗？
lying
lied
laid
lies
2．used to do sth. 过去常常做某事(暗指现在不做了)
I used to go to the cinema a lot.
我以前常去看电影。
There used to be low and dirty houses.
那里曾是一些又矮又脏的房舍。
used to有两个否定形式和两个疑问形式。一种直接使用used；一种借助于助动词did，如下：
否定形式：
used not to do＝usedn’t to do
did not use to do＝didn’t use to do
疑问形式：
Used＋主语＋to＋动词原形…
Did＋主语＋use＋to＋动词原形…
Used your father to drink a lot
你父亲曾经喝酒很多吗？
Didn’t he use to drive to work
他过去不曾开车上班吗？
used to do sth. ，be used to (doing) sth. ，be used to do sth.
used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”，指过去习惯性的动作或经常存在的状态
be used to (doing) sth. 表示“习惯于(做)某事”，其中to 为介词，后接(动)名词
be used to do sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，为被动语态
Mr. White used to live in China，so he is used to Chinese dishes.
怀特先生过去住在中国，所以习惯吃中国菜。
Bamboo can be used to build houses.
竹子可用来建造房屋。
单句语法填空
①I used __________ (visit) the gallery where the art works by professional painters were displayed.
②Wood is often used _________ (make)desks and chairs.
③She is used to _________ (live) in the countryside now.
④My grandparents are used _____ the life in the downtown.
to visit
to make
living
to
完成句子
⑤(2017·全国Ⅲ卷阅读)“This ___________ the center of town，”he said.
“这曾经是城镇的中心，”他说。
⑥(2018·全国Ⅱ卷语法填空) An important part of its corn _______________ (feed) chickens，pigs，and cattle.
(中国的)玉米的一个重要作用是喂鸡、猪和牛。
⑦According to the passage，human beings __________________ (live) in the day light.
根据这篇文章可知，人类习惯于生活在日光中。
used to be
is used to feed
are used to living
3．bring about导致；引起
Many new changes have been brought about in China’s industry.
中国的工业已产生许多新的变化。
The accident was brought about by John’s carelessness.
这场事故是由于约翰的粗心造成的。
bring back带回；使回忆起某事；使恢复
bring down使……降低；使……倒下
bring in引入；赚得；挣得
bring out显现出；使发挥
bring up养育；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐
单句语法填空
①Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought _____ to value the sense of sharing.
②Scientists say that many factors bring ________ the changes in the weather.
up
about
用bring的相关短语完成句子
③The most important thing to the company is to __________ new equipment.
④Being ____________ in a poor family made Tom very diligent(勤勉地) when he was still young.
⑤However，cars also _____________ so many problems for people，which should be given more attention than any time before.
bring in
brought up
bring about
⑥I shall __________ this question at the next meeting.
⑦Recently，an old milk box in the countryside I saw ______________ my childhood memories.
⑧Working with the medical team in Africa has _____________ the best in her as a doctor.
bring up
brought back
brought out
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。
It is likely that… 有可能……
重 点 句 型
1．It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
美洲土著居民很可能在至少一万五千年前迁往加州。
(2)该句型中It为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。
It is likely that we have met before.
我们可能以前见过。
(1)表示“可能……”的其他常用句式
sb. /sth. be likely to do sth. 某人/某物可能会做某事
It is possible for sb. to do sth. 某人有可能做某事
It is possible/probable that… 有可能……
(2)not likely绝不可能，才不呢(表示强烈反对)
If you can find suitable learning methods，your learning efficiency is likely to improve.
如果你能找到合适的学习方法，学习效率就可能会提高。
It is possible for him to accomplish the task.
他有可能完成这项任务。
特别注意
只有likely可以用真正的人或物作主语，possible和probable一般用于it作形式主语而真正的主语在后置的句型中。
possible，probable，likely
possible 强调客观上有可能，但实际上可能性很小 It is possible that… 或It is possible(for sb. ) to do sth.
probable 指有根据，合情理。表示“大概，很可能”。语气比possible重要，是most likely之意 It is probable that…
likely 是常用词，指“从表面迹象来看很有可能” It is likely that… 或sb. /sth. be likely to do…
单句语法填空
①It is likely _______ you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
②If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you’ll be less likely __________ (bring) your work home.
③It is possible for him _______ (go)to Peking University if he studies harder and harder.
that
to bring
to go
同义句转换
④Our headmaster is likely to go travelling with us.
→_________________ our headmaster will go travelling with us.
It is likely that
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。使用了主谓结构。
(2)looking at the street art为现在分词短语作伴随状语。现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示伴随，表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生，但与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系。
2．I walked around looking at the street art for a few hours.
我在街上转了几个小时，欣赏街头艺术。
I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.
我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。
Laughing and talking，they went back home.
他们有说有笑，回到了家。
He sat at the table，reading a magazine.
他坐在桌子旁，读着一本杂志。
单句语法填空
①Tony lent me the money，_______ (hope) that I’d do as much for him.
②All night long he lay awake，_________ (think) of the problem.
hoping
thinking
句型转换
③All the students sat in the classroom，and waited for their new teacher.
→All the students sat in the classroom，_______________________.
④The young man held a torch in his hand，and climbed up to the top of the clock tower.
→_________________________，the young man climbed up to the top of the clock tower.
waiting for their new teacher
Holding a torch in his hand
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是gold was discovered near San Francisco，which started a gold rush是which引导的非限制性定语从句。
3．In the same year，gold was discovered near San Francisco，which started a gold rush.
同年，在旧金山附近发现了黄金，这引起了淘金热。
(2)which 引导非限制性定语从句
These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not produced any fruits.
这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。(which 指代 these apple trees)
John passed the exam，which made his parents very happy.
约翰通过了考试，这使他的父母很高兴。(which 指代整个主句)
He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.
他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。(which 指代主句中的宾语从句)
She is late again，as was expected.
她又迟到了，正如预料的那样。(位于句末)
As we had expected，Tom passed the driving test.
正如我们预料的那样，汤姆通过了驾照考试。(位于句首)
Global warming，as we all know，has caused a lot of natural disasters.
众所周知，全球变暖已经引发了很多自然灾害。(位于句中)
单句语法填空
①She and her family bicycle to work，______ helps them keep fit.
②The number of smokers，_____ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
③I’ve been to London，________ is a beautiful city.
which
as
which UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The children, when __admitted__(admit) into the cinema, headed to their seats with the crowd, running fast.
2．The appointment date of seeing a physician has not been __definitely__(definite) decided yet.
3．Did any response occur __to__ you when asked about the tense relationship among students
4．The diamond is not as precious as it used __to be__(be)．
5．We seek __to help__(help) the majority of students discover the joy and fulfillment in the acquisition of knowledge.
6．After the rejection of a big financial company, he had to earn __a__ living elsewhere.
7．Nothing is better than the news that this city has been selected __as__ the site for the coming Olympic Games.
8．After I had read the book，I could fairly claim __to be__(be) an expert.
9．Only a small __minority__(minor) of students are interested in historical issues these days.
10．The soldier ran in despair to escape __being caught__(catch)．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．The little boy whispered and __admitted to his mother that__(向他的妈妈承认) he had broken the window and promised never to do it again.
2．__It occurred to me that__(我突然想到) I should go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.
3．Many young people leave their hometowns to __seek their fortune__(寻找成功致富之路) in big cities.
4．Six theatre unions __have been selected to__(已经被挑选出来) take part in this year’s festival.
5．In the past several decades, science has __brought about__(带来) many changes in our lives.
6．__It is claimed that__(据说) he was appointed as the manager of this enterprise.
7．Only __a minority of__(少数的) staff support these new regulations.
8．Those who break the law will definitely not __escape being punished__(逃脱惩罚)．
9．I __can’t wait to__(迫不及待) select a souvenir in the tourist spot for my daughter.
10．It is common known that swimming is __one of the best forms of exercise__(最好的锻炼方式之一) for the majority of people.
Ⅲ．句型转换
1．These animals could be likely to be frightened when there is a sudden loud noise.
→__It is likely that__these animals could be frightened when there is a sudden loud noise.
2．To use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes is necessary for us.
→__It’s necessary for us to use__a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.
3．It rained heavily in the south and caused serious flooding in several provinces.
→It rained heavily in the south，__causing/which caused__serious flooding in several provinces.
4．The boy who stands under the tree can speak English fluently.
→The boy __standing__under the tree can speak English fluently.
5．These stories have happy endings. My grandparents like these stories.
→My grandparents like these__stories that have__happy endings.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ．阅读理解
At one time，the Iroquois Indians lived along the lakes and rivers of the northern part of New York. The five tribes (部落)—the Mohawk，Oneida，Onondaga，Cayuga，
and Seneca—fought with each other for years.
In the late 1500s，a wise Iroquois man named Dekanawida had a dream. In his dream，he saw the end of the Indian wars. An Onondaga chief named Hiawatha agreed to help Dekanawida bring peace to the area. Hiawatha traveled from tribe to tribe，trying to persuade the tribal leaders to unite in peace. The leaders realized that if they stopped fighting，they could become a powerful force in the Northeast area.
The leaders of the five tribes set up a league，called the Iroquois League，which brought all five tribes together. They set up a kind of democratic (民主的) government in which each tribe had an equal voice．A Great Council was formed. Forty-nine chiefs from every tribe were appointed to the Council. The members were all men，but they were chosen by the elder women of the tribes. The Council worked together to solve big issues for the league，while each tribe remained self-governing.
In 1722，the Iroquois League increased from five to six tribes when the Tuscarora tribe joined them. The Iroquois League controlled the fur trade in the area. They controlled land from Canada to Kentucky. The Iroquois League remained powerful for over 200 years.
Then during the War of Independence，most of the Iroquois League sided with the British. After the Americans defeated the British，many Iroquois villages were destroyed. The Iroquois were forced to move and live on reservations (印第安人居留地)．This caused the Iroquois League to become less powerful.
History shows that the writers of the United States Constitution used some of the same ideas as the Iroquois League. One section of the Iroquois Constitution is entitled “Rights of the People” and might be compared to the “Bill of Rights”．The Iroquois League’s constitution is often called America’s first democracy.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北美印第安人的易咯魁联盟。
1．The underlined word “voice” in Paragraph 3 could probably be replaced by“__B__”．
A．sound B．power
C．saying D．speech
解析：词义猜测题。根据文中的self-governing，powerful等字眼可以判断该词的意思最接近于权力。故选B。
2．According to the text，the Iroquois League __B__．
A．consisted of six tribes in the 17th century
B．became weak after the War of Independence
C．helped the Americans defeat the British
D．was greatly supported by the Americans
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，美国独立战争之后，易洛魁人受到了美国人的打击报复，联盟遭到削弱。故选B。
3．The political system of the Iroquois League __C__．
A．was ignored by American history experts
B．had nothing to do with the “Bill of Rights”
C．influenced the United States Constitution
D．was entitled “Rights of the People”
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“History shows that the writers of the United States Constitution used some of the same ideas as the Iroquois League. ”可知，易洛魁联盟的政治体制对美国宪法产生了影响。故选C。
4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage？__A__
A．The Iroquois League B．The American Indians
C．The culture of the Iroquois D．The United States Constitution
解析：标题判断题。本文主要介绍了北美印第安人的易洛魁联盟，包括该联盟的由来、政治体制、由强变弱的历史等。故A项最适合作本文标题。故选A。
Ⅱ．七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Getting Around in Beijing
Taxis
Taxis are on the streets 24 hours a day. Simply raise your hand，and a taxi appears in no time. They are usually red，and they display the price per kilometre on the window. You should check the cab has a business permit，__1. B__．
Buses and trolleybuses
Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing. There are 20，000 buses and trolleybuses in Beijing，but they can get very crowded. __2. D__ Fares are cheap，starting at 1 yuan. Air-conditioned buses cost more.
Buses numbered 1 to 100 are limited to travel within the city centre. Higher numbers have destinations in the suburbs. Tourists shouldn’t miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most impressive routes，past the Forbidden City and the White Pagoda in Beihai Park. If you get on a double-decker bus，make sure you sit upstairs. You’ll have a good view of the rapidly changing city.
Minibuses
Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some areas. __3. F__ and follow the same routes as large public buses. And in a minibus you always get a seat even in rush hours.
Underground
There are four underground lines in Beijing，and several lines are under construction. Trains are fast and convenient，__4. A__．A one-way trip costs 3 yuan. Station names are marked in pinyin. The underground is open from 5：00 a．m． to 11：00 p．m． .
Pedicabs
Tourists like these human-pedalled “tricycle taxis”，__5. C__．You should talk to the driver，and make sure you know the price before you begin the journey，for example，if it is per person，single or return. Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys (Hu tong) of old Beijing.
A．but rush hours can be terrible
B．and make sure you ask for a receipt
C．but they can be expensive
D．It’s a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour.
E．People like to travel around in the evening.
F．They run regular services，
G．There are different kinds of transports in Beijing.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了游览北京可以采用的几种交通方式。
解析：
1．根据空前的逗号，可知设空处的首字母需小写，只能从A项、B项和C项中选择，根据空前的“You should check the cab has a business permit”(您应该检查出租车业务许可证)可知，本段主要是在介绍乘坐出租车的注意事项，B项：and make sure you ask for a receipt(确保要一个收据)符合语境。故选B。
2．根据上文“There are 20，000 buses and trolleybuses in Beijing，but they can get very crowded. ”(北京有两万辆公共汽车和无轨电车，但是它们会非常拥挤。)可知，本段主要讲述的是公共交通，并且在高峰期会非常拥挤。D项：It’s a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour. (在高峰时间避开公共交通是个好主意。)符合语境。故选D。
3．根据上文“Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some areas. ”(在一些地区，有12个座位的小巴为昂贵的出租车和拥挤的公共交通提供了另一种选择。)和下文“and follow the same routes as large public buses. ”(遵循公交车的路线)可知，本段主要推荐的是迷你巴士，设空处承上启下，F项：They run regular services(它们提供定期服务)符合语境，they指代上文中的复数名词minibuses。故选F 。
4．根据空前的逗号，可知，选项首字母不能大写，只能选择A项或者C项，根据上文“Trains are fast and convenient”(列车快速方便)可知，转折之后的内容应该是也会有不方便的时候，A项：“but rush hours can be terrible”(但是高峰时间很可怕)符合语境。故选A。
5．根据空前的逗号，可知，设空处选项首字母不能大写，结合下文“You should talk to the driver，and make sure you know the price before you begin the journey”(你应该和司机谈谈，确保你在开始旅程前知道价格)可知，设空处和价格有关。C项：but they can be expensive(但是它们有时候很贵)符合语境。故选C。
Ⅲ．语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
About 1. 4 billion people around the world do not get enough physical exercise. This number comes __1. from__ the United Nations’ World Health Organization(WHO)．A new WHO report warns that a lack of exercise __2. greatly__ (great)increases the risk of health problems. The WHO says the new study is the first __3. to estimate__ (estimate) physical activity trends around the world over time. The report said the levels of physical inactivity are more than two times as high in __4. wealthy__ (wealth) countries as they are in countries where people earn low wages. In richer countries，people are more likely to spend time
__5. sitting__ (sit)in offices.
How much activity should we get
To stay healthy，the report __6. suggests__ (suggest)that people do at least 150 minutes of moderate(适中的) physical activity or 75 minutes of intense physical activity every week. If you work in a high-rise office building，take the stairs instead of an elevator. Take more __7. breaks__ (break)during the work day and move around. If your workplace offers __8. a__ gym，make sure to use it. It also urges governments to provide and care for infrastructure(基础设施)，such as better and __9. safer__ (safe)roads. This would help support increased walking __10. and__ cycling for transportation，as well as sports and physical recreation.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了联合国世界卫生组织的一篇报道。报道指出全球14亿人缺乏锻炼，并针对如何保持健康提出建议。
解析：
1．考查介词。句意：这个数字来自联合国世界卫生组织。come from意为“来自”。故填from。
2．考查副词。此空修饰动词increases，因此把形容词great变为副词greatly，用副词修饰动词。故填greatly。
3．考查非谓语动词。the加序数词后往往用动词不定式作定语。故填to estimate。
4．考查形容词。此空修饰名词countries，因此将名词wealth变成形容词。故填wealthy。
5．考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth. 意为“花费时间做某事”。故填sitting。
6．考查主谓一致。主语the report是单数，谓语动词suggest应用第三人称单数形式。故填suggests。
7．考查名词的数。前面定语为more，意为“更多的”，后接复数名词。故填breaks。
8．考查冠词。句意：如果你工作的地方提供一个运动场地……表示泛指。故填a。
9．考查形容词的比较级。and是连词，表并列关系，and前是形容词比较级better；那么，and后也应该是比较级。故填safer。
10．考查连词。句意：这将有助于增加步行和骑自行车的交通方式，以及体育运动和娱乐活动。此处walking和cycling是并列关系。故填and。
