2023届河北省部分市高三下学期4月英语模拟试卷分类汇编：阅读理解（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2023届河北省部分市高三下学期4月英语模拟试卷分类汇编：阅读理解（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-04-22 22:00:16 | ||
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河北省部分市2023届高三下学期4月英语模拟试卷分类汇编
阅读理解
2023届河北省唐山市高考二模英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项
A
Rich life experiences have helped make up everything you are today. So just imagine how many valuable experiences your elders can share with you. When you spend time volunteering with seniors, you'll benefit just as much as they do!
We've put together some ideas for different ways to lend a hand, or a listening ear to seniors. Remember, simply giving your time and conversation can sometimes mean the most.
Visit an assisted living facility
One of the most meaningful things you can do for someone in an assisted living facility is share some quality time together. Whether you're going to see a neighbor or loved one, call ahead to plan a time to drop by. Even if your days fill up quickly, just a quick hello can brighten someone's day.
Reach out locally
Chances are that there are seniors right in your own neighborhood who could use your help.
●Some seniors' health prevents them from getting out. Keep them from feeling lonely by going for a visit or bringing over a meal.
●Offer to do many around-the-house chores for the seniors.
Be a companion
There are plenty of seniors who could use some company! And there are many programs and organizations that can match you up with the perfect senior friend in your area.
●With the Elder Helpers program, you can sign up to help in ways that fit your interests and skills.
●You can join the Senior Corps program to help older seniors with daily tasks.
●You can also volunteer to help aging seniors through organizations such as the National Council on Aging.
Be a skillful talker
You can learn from your older friends - many of their experiences may surprise you! But it can often be challenging to know just what to ask in order to start a conversation.
●Discover their passion: Does your friend love to cook Ask them to share a favorite family recipe. They'll welcome the opportunity to chat about it.
●Discover their skills: Ask your friends about their skills and hobbies - sewing, woodworking, writing. Request that they teach you a thing or two.
●Make some artwork: Turn select pages of your memory book into wall art for their room, and so your friend can continuously recall good times.
21．What does the author intend to do through the text
A．To explain how to make seniors happy.
B．To introduce the benefits of volunteering.
C．To encourage people to share experiences.
D．To give a guide for volunteering with seniors.
22．How many programs and organizations are mentioned
A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.
23．What is the “Be a skillful talker” part about
A．How to answer questions. B．How to make up stories.
C．How to persuade the seniors. D．How to start a conversation.
B
Like most people, I had a lot of time on my hands these past few years, and I spent most of it on my phone. This, together with anxiety medication (药物治疗), has made my brain weak. I’ve never had a very good memory, but by summer of 2021, I saw the little memory that I did have disappear suddenly while Googling “ben afleCk brther bad 1.”
I grew frustrated. I couldn’t remember the name of Joan Holloway’s military husband from Mad Men without looking it up, or the name of my college friend, who would come into my dorm regularly to talk about how much he worked out. None of this was especially useful or life-changing information, but I wanted to remember it without making a shameful mess of my search history.
Inspired by a desire to impress myself and others, I decided to stop looking stuff up online and see what happened. When I couldn’t remember the character from Mad Men, instead of instantly turning to my phone, I just sat there, thinking, very hard. (Aha! Greg was his name.) And so my new skill was born: Strong Brain.
For a few months, I didn’t make any progress. Sometimes I would sit without knowing something for hours, well after whoever I was with had looked it up and had moved on to knowing the next thing that I couldn’t remember. I was frequently laughed at and made to feel stupid for sitting with my arms crossed. I was teased for not coming up with answers to things that no one on earth should know simply because I took an attitude against looking them up.
But while the sounds of my haters got louder and louder, my brain beefed up in my defense. As friends tried to remember the name of the actor who played Robin Williams’s sweetheart in Jumanji, I spoke unthinkingly with ‘Bonnie Hunt’.
If you’re like me and have always wanted to be the shiny, pretty person at a party that everyone is listening to and smiling at and wondering where she got her hair cut, I think Strong Brain is the party trick for you.
24．What do we learn about the author from paragraph 1
A．She was overusing the phone.
B．She wasted a lot of time on the calls.
C．She was addicted to anxiety medicine.
D．She made many spelling errors while searching.
25．What did the author decide to do after the summer of 2021
A．Improve her recall. B．Seek help from medicine.
C．Clear up her search history. D．Connect with her college friend.
26．What did other people think of the author’s new skill training
A．Difficult. B．Important. C．Ridiculous. D．Rewarding.
27．What is the best title of the text
A．My Concern over Anxiety. B．My Way to Be Brain-Strong.
C．My Fight with High Technology. D．My Suffering from Poor Memory.
C
The brown paper bag hit the ground. A Michelin engineer picked it up and opened it, revealing a cracked, leaking egg. The third graders at A．J. Whittenberg Elementary School were disappointed when they saw the runny mess.
It was engineering week at A．J. Whittenberg, a public primary school in Greenville, South Carolina. One week per month, engineers from local industries visit the classrooms and talk to students about their careers.
Greenville is now introducing the idea of a career path to students in primary school and giving students the option to follow those programs to middle and high schools. Each primary school focuses on a specific technical skill. The district allows students to attend schools outside of their attendance boundaries as long as space is available, which means students can choose to continue to follow their chosen career pathway at a middle school with corresponding programs.
The effort in Greenville is part of a growing national trend in which school districts partner with local industries to develop curriculum (课程) and expose students to specialized careers at a young age.
Some education experts worry the focus on industry qualifications has resulted in schools taking on responsibilities that should fall to businesses, like training workers for specific job duties, damaging a more comprehensive education in schools. “Schools are to not just prepare people for work and strengthen the economy, but also a place where students should experience art, music and think creatively,” said Jack Schneider, a professor of education at the University of Massachusetts.
A teacher from Greenville, however, said, “Career exposure has a big impact on kids. We’re not really wanting them to make a decision—‘I’m in the second grade and now I’m locked in to being whatever when I graduate from high school in 10 years.’ We just hope students walk across the graduation stage with plans for a career in mind.”
Modern times need modern solutions. When students leave school, they need to be already down their road to college, if that’s what they’re going to do, or schools need to give them something that allows them to get to work and earn a living. Just getting out with a high school degree doesn’t do that.
28．Why were the third graders disappointed
A．Their test failed. B．The bag missed the target.
C．Engineers disturbed them. D．They had to clean the ground.
29．What does Greenville do to help students follow their chosen path
A．Design more career paths. B．Invite engineers to their schools.
C．Adopt the open enrollment policy. D．Offer more courses for them to choose.
30．What is Jack Schneider concerned about
A．People’s employment. B．Students’ overall development.
C．The nation’s economy. D．The school’s innovative education.
31．Which statement would the author most likely agree with
A．Modern solutions are hard to find.
B．More students need college education.
C．Greenville’s practice is not acceptable.
D．A high school degree is not enough for jobs.
D
Machine learning sees reasoning as a categorization task with a fixed set of predetermined labels. It views the world as a fixed space of possibilities, calculating and weighing them all. This approach, of course, has achieved notable successes when applied to stable and well-defined situations such as chess or computer games. When such conditions are absent, however, machines struggle.
In 2008, Google launched Flu Trends, a web service that aimed to predict flu-related doctor visits using big data. The project, however, failed to predict the 2009 HINI flu outbreak. After several unsuccessful adjustments to its algorithm (算法), Google finally stopped the project in2015.
In such unstable situations, the human brain behaves differently. Sometimes, it simply forgets. Instead of getting trapped in irrelevant data, it relies only on the most recent information and makes creative decisions. This is a feature called intelligent forgetting. Adopting this approach, an algorithm that relies on a single data point would have reduced Google Flu Trends' prediction error by half.
Intelligent forgetting is just one dimension of psychological AI, an approach to machine intelligence that also includes other features of human intelligence such as causal reasoning, intuitive (直觉) psychology, and physics. Soon, this approach to Al will finally be recognized as fundamental for solving poorly-defined problems. Exploring these amazing features of the human brain will finally allow us to make machine learning smart.
One feature of psychological Al is that it is explainable. Until recently, researchers assumed that the more transparent an AI system was, the less accurate its predictions were. This mirrored the widespread but incorrect belief that complex problems always need complex solutions. Now, this idea will be laid to rest. As the case of flu predictions illustrates, powerful and simple psychological algorithms can often give more accurate predictions than complex algorithms. Psychological AI opens up a new vision for explainable AI: Instead of trying to explain complex systems, we can check first if psychological Al offers a simple and equally accurate solution.
Without the help of human psychology, it will become clearer that the application of this type of machine learning to unstable situations eventually runs up against impassable limitations. We will finally recognize that more computing power makes machines faster. Not smarter.
32．Why is Flu Trends mentioned
A．To clarify a concept. B．To tell the serious outbreak.
C．To support the author's idea. D．To provide readers with the truth.
33．What is the advantage of human brain according to the passage
A．It can think outside the box. B．It can avoid unclear problems.
C．It is capable of learning over time. D．It is good at following instructions.
34．Which has the similar meaning with the underlined word “transparent” in paragraph 5
A．Similar. B．Unique. C．Complete. D．Clear.
35．What does the author intend to tell us
A．AI speeds up the computing greatly.
B．Psychological Al can make smarter AI.
C．AI system works well in stable situations.
D．AI will outperform the human brain someday.
2023届河北省石家庄市高中毕业年级教学质量检测（二）英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Nobel Prize has been awarded to women 60 times between 1901 and 2022. These women have made outstanding contributions to the worlds of medicine, science, literature and so on. Here are four of them.
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
Award: Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Year: 1964
Dorothy Hodgkin was a British chemist whose interest in research began when, as a child, she received a chemistry book containing experiments with crystals. She studied at Oxford University and developed protein crystallography, which advanced the development of X-rays. This earned her the Nobel Prize.
Gertrude B．Elion
Award: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Year: 1988
Gertrude Elion won the Nobel Prize for her discoveries of important principles for drug treatment. Elion had watched her grandfather die of cancer, so she decided to fight the disease throughout her life. Elion, together with George Hitchings, with whom she shared the award, created a system for drug production that relies heavily on biochemistry.
Toni Morrison
Award: Nobel Prize in Literature
Year: 1993
Toni Morrison, whose book “Beloved” earned her the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award, was the first Black woman to ever receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Ohio, Morrison was a writer whose works are mostly about life in the Black community. She taught writing and served as an honorary professor at Princeton University.
Esther Duflo
Award: Nobel Prize in Economics
Year: 2019
Esther Duflo shared her prize with her research colleagues Michael Kremer and Abhijit Banerjee, who is her husband. Duflo has spent much of her career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she earned her doctorate degree in 1999. Duflo and her partners were awarded the Nobel Prize for their approach to fighting poverty around the world.
1．What won Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin the Nobel Prize
A．Her book about crystals. B．Her contribution to X-ray development.
C．Her research on medicine. D．Her discovery of a new protein crystal.
2．What do Toni Morrison's books mainly focus on
A．Educational issues. B．Community service.
C．Writing techniques. D．Black American's life.
3．What do Gertrude B．Elion and Esther Duflo have in common
A．They won the Nobel Prize in the same year.
B．They devoted themselves to fighting diseases.
C．They shared the Nobel Prize together with others.
D．Their life experiences committed them to their fields.
B
Every holiday season, Patricia Gallagher fills her car with stuffed animals and drives around Philadelphia. She gives them not to kids but to seniors.
Patricia’s holiday tradition started in 2009. “I just got this idea to call two nursing homes at random and ask if I could come and read It was the Night Before Christmas,” she said. She brought some of her kids’ stuffed animals for the seniors to hold while she read. “But when I went to gather them and take them back to go to the next nursing home, nobody wanted to give up their stuffed animals,” she added. It was then and there that she realized the power of a simple holiday gift.
Patricia wanted to continue her tradition of giving, so she put an ad online, asking for gently used stuffed animals. In her first two years of collecting, she received more than 11,000 donated stuffed animals. She said sometimes local schools would hold stuffed animal collections on her behalf, or a child who outgrew their toys would donate. After receiving too many, Patricia started capping how many she would collect at a time, and said she could only take in about 250 stuffed animals each week during the holiday season. Then, she took them to nursing homes.
“The elderly want stuffed animals not only for comfort, but they were conversation starters. It reminded them of their childhood,” she said. And she recalled one man said, “You know, I never wanted to go to school. And my father said if I would go that day, he would take me to the Brooklyn Zoo. And you know what This was the first animal I saw there and it looked just like this giraffe.”
Spreading joy isn’t just a holiday pastime for Patricia. She is also known as the “Happy Flower Lady” around Philadelphia, because she collects old flowers from stores and passes them out to anyone who needs a pick-me-up.
“When you give, you really do get more back,” Patricia said. “Every morning, whether it’s the flowers or the stuffed animals, I have a purpose.”
4．Why did Patricia go to the nursing homes in 2009
A．To send gifts to the seniors. B．To read a story to the elderly
C．To get over her loneliness. D．To get rid of her kids’ toys.
5．What does the underlined word “capping” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Limiting. B．Recording. C．Identifying. D．Doubling.
6．What can we infer from paragraph 4
A．Seniors love good old days. B．Cute animals have healing effects on seniors.
C．Giving makes seniors happy. D．Stuffed animals have more than one function.
7．What does Patricia think of her giving experiences
A．Rewarding. B．Entertaining. C．Timely. D．Tough.
C
A new study suggests classic paintings by well-known Impressionists Joseph Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.
The study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by authors from Harvard and Sorbonne universities, analyzed 60 oil paintings by Turner from 1796 to 1850 and 38 paintings by Monet from 1864 to 1901.
Scientists don't know exactly how polluted the cities were during that time for lack of data. However, researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution.
In particular, researchers said changes in local sulfur dioxide emissions from burning coal may explain changes in the colour contrast and intensity of Turner, Monet, and others' works, even after taking into account the artistic trends and subject matter of the time.
Scientists successfully measured painters' representation of nature, focusing on differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe. Paintings' done in Britain generally feature a paler blue sky than other works in other parts of the continent. Generally, artists can historically accurately represent their environment, so Turner and Monet were chosen because they are famous for their landscape and cityscape paintings and also because they were active during the Industrial Revolution, when air pollution grew at a rate never seen before.
Additionally, researchers say that as the air in London and Paris became more polluted, the cities would appear hazier to the eyes as well as in photographs. By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet to pictures from the era, they were able to determine the artists were at least partly influenced by the change in emissions.
8．How did the researchers conduct the study
A．By referring to relevant historical records.
B．By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet.
C．By relating the paintings to the air conditions then.
D．By analyzing the data during the Industrial Revolution.
9．What did the researchers find in the works of Turner and Monet
A．Air pollution at that time. B．Change in subject matter.
C．Social trends of the period. D．Development of photography
10．What can we learn from paragraph 5
A．European artists preferred landscape paintings.
B．Scientists focused on studying weather patterns.
C．Turner and Monet intended to present pollution.
D．Britain suffered from air pollution most in Europe.
11．What is the purpose of the text
A．To inform people of a new discovery. B．To instruct people to appreciate paintings.
C．To introduce the Industrial Revolution. D．To call on people to protect the environment.
D
Many owners of electric cars have wished for a battery pack that could power their vehicle for more than a thousand miles on a single charge. Researchers have developed a lithium-air battery that could make that dream a reality. The new battery design could also one day power airplanes and trucks. The main new component in this lithium-air battery is a solid electrolyte instead of the usual liquid variety.
Batteries with solid electrolytes are not subject to safety problems with the liquid electrolytes used in lithium-ion and other battery types, which can overheat and catch fire. More importantly, the solid electrolyte can potentially boost the energy four times, which translates into longer driving range.
For over a decade, scientists have been working overtime to develop a lithium battery that makes use of the oxygen in air. The lithium-air battery has the highest energy of any battery technology being considered for the next generation of batteries beyond lithium-ion.
The new solid electrolyte is composed of a material made from relatively inexpensive elements, compared with the past designs. Besides, the chemical reaction in lithium-ion only involves one or two electrons stored per oxygen molecule, while that for lithium-air battery involves four electrons. More electrons stored means higher energy.
The new design is the first lithium-air battery that has achieved a four-electron reaction at room temperature. It also operates with oxygen supplied by air from the surrounding environment. The capability to n with air avoids the need for oxygen tanks to operate, a problem with earlier designs.
“With further development, we expect our new design for the lithium-air battery to reach a record of 1200 watt-hours per kilogram,” said Curtiss, a researcher. “That is nearly four times better than lithium-ion batteries.”
12．What contributes most to the lithium-ion battery
A．Lithium-ion. B．Oxygen molecules. C．Solid electrolytes. D．Liquid component.
13．What’s the problem with lithium-ion batteries
A．They burn easily if overheated. B．They are unsafe in production.
C．They damage the environment. D．They require longer charging time.
14．How does the author organize paragraph 4
A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons.
C．By presenting statistics D．By analyzing cause and effect.
15．What is the best title of the text
A．How Lithium-air Batteries Work B．What will Be Used to Power Airplanes
C．Electric Cars Are Becoming More Popular D．New Batteries Offer Longer Driving Range
2023届河北省邯郸市高三二模英语试题
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Enter the Kids News Junior Journalist competition
The search is on for the next generation of news breakers with the Kids News Junior Journalist competition.
The free competition is open to children in Years 3-9, with four categories for both primary and secondary students:
●News story - print
●News story - video
●Sports story - print
●Sports story - video
The grand prize winner will score a guest appearance on Channel 10's Studio 10 program, hosted by Narelda Jacobs.
Jacobs, a television journalist for more than 20 years, said it was important for kids to take an interest in news. “Events and issues being re ported on impact children either now or into the future,” she said.
As well as the Studio 10 grand prize, there are four $750 gift cards for primary students and four $1000 gift cards for secondary students to compete for.
Kids can submit written and video entries to the Junior Journalist competition from February 6 to April 6.
HOW TO ENTER
●Write a story or create a video story about something that has happened or is about to happen in your school or local community. Y our story should be factual. Check out the Junior Journalist videos for tips.
●Download the consent(同意书) form below and get your parent or guardian to fill it in.
●Download the entry form below and get your teacher to fill it in.
●Email your written or video story, along with the completed consent and entry forms, to juniorjournalist@.au before 5pm on April 6. Video entries should be submitted as a MP4 file.
21. Who can attend the competition
A. A 3-year-old boy. B. A student of junior high.
C.A fan of Studio 10. D. A 20-yearold journalist.
22. What will the grand prize winner get
A. A job offer from the TV station. B. Some prizes as well as $ 750.
C. The chance to be on TV. D. Four $ 1000 gift cards.
23. What is the requirement for an entry
A. It should be based on facts. B. It has to be related to a parent.
C. It must be a story about school life. D. It can be either paper or audio. .
B
When his daughter Morgan was growing up, Gordon Hartman was heartbroken after watching her on the playground. Other children refused to play with her, mostly because her disabilities meant she couldn't access the places where they were playing. The family tried other places but were never satisfied.
“What we found was there was no place that was an easily-accessible, fully inclusive park,” Gordon said. So he went home and sold his construction business, bought a large piece of land, and went to work building an entire amusement park for disabled children.
All kids need playtime, and Morgan was no different. The park—named Morgan's Wonderland—finally offered Morgan that opportunity. What the Hartmans discovered is that kids without disabilities enjoy the park just as much, and they interact a lot more with everyone when all are included. In fact, three quarters of the park's visitors are not disabled. And that makes it all the more fun.
Watching the kids play together without barriers makes you realize that we are all the same, and having fun is for everybody. But it doesn't end there. One-third of the staff also has special needs. Seeing the way they interact also puts a smile on your face. They take their jobs seriously, and they make sure everybody is having fun. .
“It feels fantastic because we get to see people who are not given the opportunity to experience the types of rides we have, get on a carousel, get on a train easily, and go fishing,” says Gordon. The park has been visited by people with special needs from over 67 countries. “When we opened this, we didn't know if it was going to work,” says Gordon. “All we wanted to do was bring people together and play.”
Just look at the smiles at Morgan's Wonderland, and you'll see how much good it does.
24. Why was Gordon extremely sad
A. His daughter was disabled. B. He had to sell his business.
C. His daughter was never satisfied. D. No playground was accessible to Morgan.
25. What do we know about Morgan's Wonderland
A. Every child comes to play with Morgan. B. It hires the disabled to attract tourists.
C. It allows every child to have fun here. D.3/4 of its area is for normal children. .
26. How did Gordon feel about his amusement park at first
A. Confident. B. Uncertain. C. Ashamed. D. Optimistic.
27. What can be the best title for this text
A. Every Kid Deserves to Have Fun B. We Should Respect Each Other
C. A Playground Is Enough for All D. A Father Has Saved His Daughter
C
Kids have always loved skimming stones across water. And everyone knows the thinner and flatter the stone the better, right
Not necessarily, according to English scientists who have found a fatter, curvier(弯曲的) rock is key to getting good bounce. Bristol University mathematician Ryan Palmer found that while thin, flat stones still provided the best chance of a maximum number of skips, fatter, curvier stones offered something “that's completely different, but just as spectacular: huge jumps out of the water.
The scientists had initially been looking into the more serious subject of ice on aircraft, analyzing how ice crystals(晶体) bounced off a layer of liquid formed on a plane's wings. It turned out this had the “same sort of interactions that you get with you or 1 standing at the comer of a lake trying to skim a stone across it”, said Professor Palmer, the study 's lead author.
He said the study found a heavier rock gave a super response that produced an almighty jump. When a stone hit the water, horizontal speed turned into upward speed, so it made sense that a heavy rock would put more force into that action. The curviness was also key, because it allowed a heavier stone to jump up off the water.
For those looking to try their arms at big skips, Prof Palmer said the technique remained the same: your throw should be as parallel(平行的) as possible to the top of the water, before you lean back and let the rock fly. While Prof Palmer said he was no expert stone skimmer, he always had a throw when the opportunity arose. “Especially if it looks more like a potato, I'll have a go,” he said. But he said a potato-shaped stone was probably a little too heavy and round to get the maximum bounce.
28. What kind of stones do people usually choose when skimming them across water
A. Fatter and curvier. B. Thinner and flatter. C. Flatter and heavier. D. Rounder and curvier.
29. What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “almighty” in Paragraph 4
A. Playful. B. Skillful. C. Colorful. D. Powerful.
30. What do we know about skimming stones from Paragraph 5
A. It is played only by kids. B. It needs a certain technique.
C. It offers all kinds of opportunities. D. It is played the best using potatoes.
31. What is mainly talked about in this text
A. The key to selecting best skimming stones.
B. The fun skimming stones brings to children.
C. A simple game suitable for kids and grownups.
D. A study on the water layer on a plane's wings.
D
Scientists have learned more about the inner workings of the Earth by studying the way waves from earthquakes travel through the planet's center. The results suggest that the Earth's inner core may be starting to spin more slowly than the Earth.
The Earth's core has two parts: the outer core and the inner core. Both of these are made mainly of the metals iron and nickel. The outer core is liquid. But the inner core is a solid ball held in this liquid almost like the yolk(蛋黄) in an egg.
Scientists suspected for a long time that the inner core might be spinning slightly differently from the way the Earth spins.
In the 1990s, two scientists, Paul Richards and Xiaodong Song, studied the inner core by looking at the waves from earthquakes that travel through the center of the Earth. They focused on groups and pairs of waves from earthquakes that naturally repeat. If the inner core was spinning exactly with the Earth, each wave of the pair should have taken the same time to pass through the Earth. Instead, some moved faster than others. This was because they were hitting different parts of the inner core as it spun. Their studies revealed that the inner core was spinning in the same direction as the Earth, but slightly faster.
Now Dr. Song and Yi Yang—another scientist who studies the Earth—say they've used the same method to learn that the Earth's inner core may be starting to spin slower than the Earth. The researchers studied earthquake wave pairs from Alaska, going all the way back to 1964. They noticed that the inner core's spin also seemed to change speed in the early 1970s. The scientists say that the inner core may have a pattern of speeding up and slowing down every 70 years or so.
Not everyone agrees. Many scientists who study the Earth say more information needed to figure out what is really going on.
32. Why is an egg mentioned in the second paragraph
A. To explain how the Earth's core moves.
B. To show the importance of the inner core.
C. To illustrate the composition of the outer core.
D. To help picture the structure of the Earth's core
33. What did the scientists discover about the inner core in the 1990s
A. It sent out earthquake waves. B. It changed speed repeatedly.
C. It moved exactly with the Earth. D. It moved a little faster than the Earth. .
34. What does the author say about the study result
A. It is accurate and reliable. B. It excites the scientists.
C. It needs further confirmation. D. It has caused a heated discussion. .
35. What is the text
A. A science report. B. A sci-fi story. C. A diary entry. D. A brochure.
2023届河北省张家口市高考二模英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Volunteer on a Disaster Action Team
Most of the 60,000 emergencies that the Red Cross responds to each year are local, personal disasters like home fires. They may not make the news, hut we know they are just as devastating (破坏性) to the families affected. So join us to answer the call when your neighbors need help.
Trained and available, Disaster Action Team volunteers are ready to respond to these emergencies, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. From offering a shoulder to cry on to meeting any immediate needs for shelter or supplies, to connecting people with long term recovery services, our volunteers ensure that families don’t have to face tough times alone.
Many disaster action team volunteers share these life experiences and skills:
·Team-spirited
·Availability and flexibility for at least 4—6 hours per week
·Tender-hearted
·Disaster response experience
·Have a command of two languages
·Can remain calm and patient during stressful situations
Disaster Action Team volunteers help local families cope with emergencies.
Home fires and other disasters can occur any time, any place. As a Disaster Action Team volunteer, you’ll provide emotional support, financial assistance, and information to help families begin the process of recovery. After your initial training, your shifts will include responding to emergencies within 2 hours, night or day, rain or shine, either on the scene or acting remotely to provide immediate care. With experience and further training you can take on leadership to have a wider impact.
Note: the volunteer positions available to you will vary depending on your location and the needs of your local community.
21. What is the duty of a Disaster Action Team volunteer
A. Train residents on safety awareness.
B. Give permanent support to the victims.
C. Find out safety problems in the community.
D. Help people deal with emergency at any time
22. What is required of a Disaster Action Team volunteer
A. The ability to stay cool. B. Outdoor survival skills.
C. Oversea learning experience. D. Serving 4—6 hours monthly.
23. What is the purpose of this text
A. To teach people how to keen safe.
B. To call on pole to be volunteers.
C. To inform volunteers to take action.
D. To introduce an activity of the Red Cross.
B
As an undergraduate, 1 was fascinated by a visiting professor’s lecture. The second I left the talk, I called my sister and told her I had decided to become a paleoclimate (古气候) scientist—to which she replied, “A what ” No one in my family has a graduate degree. And no one heard of this term. Thus I began my journey through the unwritten expectations and assumed knowledge about applying to graduate school.
I sent that professor an email, asking whether he had time to talk to me. He agreed to meet virtually, explained his graduate research, and shared stories of fieldwork, but he made no mention of how students were supported. I didn’t think to ask. I assumed pursuing a graduate degree would mean paying tuition and going without income. That was not an option for me. So, I tried to let go of the idea of continuing my education.
Later I learned from my adviser that many programs not only cover tuition, but also offer scholarship. My dream became a possibility again.
Then came the next problem: figuring out how to apply. I fell into a rabbit hole of Internet advice from self-appointed experts, each with a different opinion on email etiquette (礼仪), interview scheduling, and how to express interest in a project. The suggested timelines contradicted (相矛盾) one another. I felt hopeless again, terrified I would break an unspoken rule.
But I gathered all the advice I could and spent hours crafting emails to professors. Ultimately, I was accepted to work on a master's project in a city where I had always wanted to live.
Standing in the lab that day, I realized that—despite my uncertainty—I had made it exactly where I had hoped to be. When I had started down this path, there was so much I didn’t know. But I made it by trying walking into the unknown.
24. What can we infer from the reply of the author’s sister
A. She had problems with bearing.
B. She became annoyed with the author.
C. She was puzzled about the author’s decision.
D. She was too excited to hear the author’s words.
25. How slid the author feel after talking with that visiting professor
A. Discouraged. B. Guilty. C. Optimistic. D. Excited.
26. What problem did the author face
A. Lack of the professor’s support. B. There being no work experience.
C. The confusion of making a decision. D. Demanding requirements of the professor.
27. What does the text mainly intend to tell us
A. Well begun, half done. B. Every man has his price.
C. One tree does not make a forest. D. Something attempted, something done.
C
A new study found some primates (灵长类) are leaving their tree homes and spending more time on the ground. Led by Timothy Eppley, Ph. D., scientists studied nearly 50 species of monkeys and lemurs (狐猴) to look at the reason behind these changes.
About 15 years ago, Eppley worked with southern bamboo lemurs, which were known to spend most of their days in the trees, feeding on bamboo leaves. However, he was surprised to find these lemurs were spending most time on the ground and had an incredibly diverse diet. He wondered whether habitat reduction and limited food resource availability were driving them move to the ground. This inspired him to begin this study.
He reached out to every researcher he could find who may have significant data on primates from Madagascar or the Americas, the two places with almost all tree-dwelling primates.
Eppley examined more than 150,000 hours of data observed on 32 monkey species and 15 lemur species at 68 sites. He found that they spent an average of only 2.5% of their time on the ground each month. But the findings showed some interesting differences.
“As habitats are degraded and the climate worsens, primates that are flexible enough to adapt because of their diverse diets or live in larger groups may be more likely to shift to life on the ground,” Eppley says. “However, other species that rely on fruit diets or live in small groups are less adaptable and are less willing to leave the tree. For these species, we will still need to enforce fast and effective conservation strategies to ensure their survival.”
Although moving to the ground has some advantages in certain situations, primates can face problems when they leave the trees. They can become victims of other animals and diseases. Besides, they will be faced with finding appropriate food resources on the ground, thus having a broad or flexible diet is important. Primates are important seed spreaders within their forest habitats. The loss of primates would lead to negative effects on the ecosystem.
28. Why did Timothy Eppley begin his study
A. To try to make primates more adaptive.
B. To study how monkeys differ from lemurs.
C. To figure out the reason for the loss of bamboo.
D. To find out why primates are turning to the ground.
29. How did Timothy Eppley carry out his research
A. By doing experiments. B. By observing in the wild
C. By studying collected data D. By interviewing the locals.
30. Which kind of primates are more likely to come down from trees
A. Those eating diverse diets. B. Those with a large size.
C. Those feeding mainly an fruits. D. Those living in small groups.
31. What will become a concern according to the study
A. Animals will become less adaptive. B. The forest ecosystem will become worse.
C. More natural habitats will be lost. D. More animal-related diseases will appear.
D
A study looked at the various modes of e-mobility in Germany to find e-bikes are all charged up and leading the pack.
The most surprising finding was the number of e-bikes: 18% of the respondents stated they used an e-bike, compared to an also impressive 7% who said they use an e-car. E-bikes were considered practical compared to regular bikes because of the reduced physical exertion and extended range. Another benefit of e-bikes over e-cars is that they are fun. This apparently makes them the most “attractive” form of an electric vehicle.
In North America, we often need a car to go around, but in Germany, just over half of the e-bike users managed to do so. However, 68% of these e car users did, probably “due to the ability to transport larger items”.
Perhaps the most interesting numbers are those for the distance travelled. E-bikes are used for trips with a length of 15 kilometers, significantly less than the 25 kilometer trip length for the e-cars but still a big number for a bike trip.
The study stated, “E-bikes are already the most commonly used means of electric transportation in Germany.”
This is good news for North America, which has fallen behind European countries in e-bike uptake. The U.S. Office of Energy Efficiency said, “Data collected on one-way household trips show that 59.4% of vehicle trips were less than six miles. In fact, three-fourths of all trips are ten miles or less.”
Others tell us that the infrastructure (设施) is terrible, but cities in Texas are investing in bike infrastructure. For the e-bike revolution to take off, we need good affordable bikes, safe places to ride, and secure places to park. It s also apparent that we need better regulation of e-bikes to ensure they all meet related standard to avoid battery fires like those happening in New York.
But in Germany, the overall success of e-bikes can be expected to continue both in terms of popularity of e-bikes and in terms of total sales.
32. What does the underlined word “exertion” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Weight. B. Effort. C. Contact. D. Barrier.
33. What can we infer about North America from Paragraph 6
A It is poorer then Europe. B. Its residents prefer long trips.
C. Its road conditions are terrible. D. It has the conditions to promote e-bikes.
34. What is the author’s attitude toward the use of e-bikes
A. Favorable. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Objective.
35. Which can be the best title for the text
A. E-Bikes Still Need Improving B. E-Bikes Are Widely Used for Trips
C. E-Bikes Are Popular in Germany D. E-Bikes Are Coming to North America
2023届河北省保定市高三4月模拟英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
To live better and be healthier, having helpful apps for smart devices can be of great benefit.
Lifesum
The app offers personalized dietary (饮食的) and fitness guidance for everyone. It not only allows users to track their weight, height, gender, and fitness goals but also provides micro tracking for those with specialized dietary requirements. The food and exercise tracking are accessible for free, as well as social features. Everything else requires subscriptions paid for three, six, or twelve months at a time in advance.
Home Workout
This health app provides workouts you can do at home with no equipment. Ranging from warm-ups, stretching, weight training and strength training, it provides video and animation guides, charts and tracking to help beginners. With this app, you won’t need to spend a fortune on exercise equipment-just a download button and a few extra minutes for your daily fitness exercises.
Headspace
This meditation app offers various guided meditations to relieve your stress and anxiety, emergency SOS sessions for calming needs and various programs according to your individual requirement. It even sends you the occasional message telling you to calm down and breathe a little bit. With a free 10-day trial and two fee-based subscription choices: $12.99 per month and $ 69.99 per year.
TickTick
TickTick is a great to-do list app which helps users to remember occasions such as doctor’s appointments, taking medicines or buying protein shakes. It is suitable for work and home tasks. It even allows users to share their categories and tasks with others. Though not a health app exactly, it’s definitely helpful for health reasons. The free version offers all features and up to two reminders per task, while more than that costs extra $27.99 per year.
21．Which app offers dietary guidance
A．Lifesum.
B．Home Workout.
C．Headspace.
D．TickTick.
22．What is the benefit of using Headspace
A．Boosting your passion to work out.
B．Developing a healthier eating habit.
C．Helping relieve your stress and anxiety.
D．Having access to diverse programs.
23．What is the purpose of the text
A．To compare the functions of health apps.
B．To introduce some helpful health apps.
C．To teach readers how to subscribe apps.
D．To guide readers to use apps for free.
B
There was a unique restaurant in London that beat out thousands of stylish restaurants to earn the top ranking on the popular TripAdvisor, despite not existing.
The tale began with a belief that Oobah Butler had developed after a part-time job writing fake(虚假的)TripAdvisor reviews for restaurants: The site was a “false reality”, despite millions of genuine reviews. He decided to see how far he could take a fake restaurant on the site so “The Shed at Dulwich” was born. Butler created a web page with a menu based on emotions and attractive photographs of dishes. He also listed its location as the street he lived on with no address, calling it an “appointment- only restaurant”, to avoid being attacked by fact-checkers.
The Shed was unexpectedly approved by TripAdvisor to be listed in May, starting out as the 18,149th-ranked restaurant in the city: dead last. Butler began having family and friends flood the site with fake reviews. “Spent a weekend in London and heard that this place is a must-visit,” one wrote. “After a few mildly frustrating phone calls I was in.” Soon the customers started calling. “We’re fully booked,” Butler told the would-be diners. However, the restaurant’s reputation started to grow in TripAdvisor’s rankings. Some companies used an estimated location of The Shed on Google to send free samples to Butler, expecting to work with him. In November, Butler received a note from TripAdvisor saying The Shed had become the No.1 ranked restaurant in London!
Butler thought it was time to expose the trick. The story has been praised as an incredible feat(事迹). However, in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online, it has also served as another reminder of the ease with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results.
24．What does Oobah Butler think of TripAdvisor
A．It is a reliable information source.
B．It creates a false sense of reality.
C．It has too many genuine reviews.
D．It is a useful tool for his part-time job.
25．How was The Shed ranked the No.1 restaurant
A．By offering discounts and special deals.
B．By sending free samples to customers.
C．By getting a specific location on google.
D．By flooding the site with fake reviews.
26．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Butler earned people’s trust.
B．False information can be disastrous.
C．Online information is threatening our safety.
D．Online platforms are totally unreliable now.
27．What message does the story convey
A．No investigation, no right to speak.
B．Well began is half done.
C．Honesty is the best policy.
D．God helps those who help themselves.
C
It’s unlikely that we’ll see a dodo, a flightless bird, walking this earth anytime again, according to Beth Shapiro, a evolutionary molecular biologist.
“When most people think about de-extinction, they’re imagining cloning,” Shapiro said. Cloning, the approach that created Dolly, the sheep in 1996 and Elizabeth Ann, the black-footed ferret in 2020, creates an identical genetic copy of an individual by putting DNA from a living adult cell into an egg cell from which the nucleus (细胞核) has been removed. Adult cells contain all the DNA needed to develop into a living animal. Egg cells then use that DNA as a blueprint to turn themselves into many kinds of cells——skin, organs, blood and bones——the animal needs.
“But no living cells from dodos exist. Instead,” Shapiro said, “you’d have to start with a closely related animal’s genome (基因组) and then change it into one similar to dodos.” For example， mammoths (猛犸) are also extinct，but they were very closely related to modern Asian elephants, so researchers are attempting to bring mammoths back from extinction by creating a hybrid mammoth with some mammoth genes replacing part of the elephant genome in an elephant egg cell. However, there are likely millions of genetic differences between the genome of an Asian elephant and that of a mammoth according to Shapiro.
As for the dodo, its closest living relative is the Nicobar pigeon. Mammoths and Asian elephants are pretty closely related, whereas it had been more than 20 million years since the dodo and the Nicobar pigeon had any common ancestors. Genetic differences between the two bird species are therefore much greater, making it a formidable task to create a successful hybrid in the lab, Shapiro said.
Even if scientists manage to bring dodos back, the island where they once lived is a very different place nowadays, which make it impossible to reintroduce dodos without major intervention.
28．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The special role of DNA．
B．The process of cloning.
C．The development of cloning.
D．The complexity of cloning.
29．What does Shapiro want to show by the example of mammoths
A．Dodos are harder to bring back to life.
B．Their living cells are hard to preserve.
C．Cloning can be used to recreate extinct animals.
D．They share a similar genome with Asian elephants.
30．What does the underlined word “formidable” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Urgent.
B．Possible.
C．Tough.
D．Different.
31．What is Shapiro’s attitude towards the rebirth of dodos
A．Favorable.
B．Intolerant.
C．Objective.
D．Negative.
D
The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of comparison since the 16th century. The argument is centered on the question as to whether it is nature or nurture that makes us who we are.
Nature provides the starting point for an organism that will interact with nurture, the environment, during the organism’s life. Nature does not just affect an organism during its lifetime, but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in offspring (后代). For the Geneticists, they believe that our lives are entirely determined by genetics, which is nature. An opposing view is that there is no indication that genes (基因) determines one’s personality, rather there is growing evidence that nurture serves as the determining factor in personality development.
Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things grow and develop after birth. When applied to human beings, it means how the person is raised, which includes nutrition, education, care, as well as the kind of surroundings, such as cultural influence, family and friends.
The argument of nature and nurture as to which is more important is necessitated by an attempt to differentiate how much effect genetics has on a person’s development against how easily humans are influenced by one’s environment.
While nurture undeniably plays its part on the growth and development of one’s personality, nature dramatically outweighs nurture, for nature can be likened to a foundation. The impact of nurture on the development of persons cannot be totally denied. However, nature is regarded as being of most importance because of the fact that it affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question of nurture to arise at the very first instance. Even without nurture, the nature impact can still stand independently without necessarily causing destruction. More so, even when the nurture impact is successfully effected, it does not remove the genetic characteristics of a person. It therefore stands correctly that nature is that which determines the substance of a person.
32．What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A．Nature’s role is supported by additional evidence.
B．Personality development is determined by nurture.
C．Nature impacts gene expression in later generation.
D．Environment shapes personality more than genetics.
33．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．What nurture means to human beings.
B．How living things develop after birth.
C．How nurture shapes human development.
D．How surroundings influence human beings.
34．How does the author stress the greater importance of nature
A．By giving examples.
B．By making contrast.
C．By conducting experiments.
D．By citing research data.
35．What is the best title for the text
A．A Long Story of Nature and Nurture
B．A New Research on Nature and Nurture
C．Who Can Tell What Makes Who We Are
D．Which Is More Important, Nature or Nurture
参考答案
2023届河北省唐山市高考二模英语试题
21．D
22．B
23．D
24．A
25．A
26．C
27．B
28．A
29．C
30．B
31．D
32．C
33．A
34．D
35．B
2023届河北省石家庄市高中毕业年级教学质量检测（二）英语试卷
1．B
2．D
3．C
4．B
5．A
6．D
7．A
8．C
9．A
10．D
11．A
12．C
13．A
14．B
15．D
2023届河北省邯郸市高三二模英语试题
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
B C A D C B A B D B A D D C A
2023届河北省张家口市高考二模英语试题
21. D 22. A 23. B
24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D
28. D 29. C 30. A
31. B
32. B
33. D 34. A 35. C
2023届河北省保定市高三4月模拟英语试题
21．A
22．C
23．B
24．B
25．D
26．B
27．A
28．B
29．A
30．C
31．D
32．C
33．A
34．B
35．D
阅读理解
2023届河北省唐山市高考二模英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项
A
Rich life experiences have helped make up everything you are today. So just imagine how many valuable experiences your elders can share with you. When you spend time volunteering with seniors, you'll benefit just as much as they do!
We've put together some ideas for different ways to lend a hand, or a listening ear to seniors. Remember, simply giving your time and conversation can sometimes mean the most.
Visit an assisted living facility
One of the most meaningful things you can do for someone in an assisted living facility is share some quality time together. Whether you're going to see a neighbor or loved one, call ahead to plan a time to drop by. Even if your days fill up quickly, just a quick hello can brighten someone's day.
Reach out locally
Chances are that there are seniors right in your own neighborhood who could use your help.
●Some seniors' health prevents them from getting out. Keep them from feeling lonely by going for a visit or bringing over a meal.
●Offer to do many around-the-house chores for the seniors.
Be a companion
There are plenty of seniors who could use some company! And there are many programs and organizations that can match you up with the perfect senior friend in your area.
●With the Elder Helpers program, you can sign up to help in ways that fit your interests and skills.
●You can join the Senior Corps program to help older seniors with daily tasks.
●You can also volunteer to help aging seniors through organizations such as the National Council on Aging.
Be a skillful talker
You can learn from your older friends - many of their experiences may surprise you! But it can often be challenging to know just what to ask in order to start a conversation.
●Discover their passion: Does your friend love to cook Ask them to share a favorite family recipe. They'll welcome the opportunity to chat about it.
●Discover their skills: Ask your friends about their skills and hobbies - sewing, woodworking, writing. Request that they teach you a thing or two.
●Make some artwork: Turn select pages of your memory book into wall art for their room, and so your friend can continuously recall good times.
21．What does the author intend to do through the text
A．To explain how to make seniors happy.
B．To introduce the benefits of volunteering.
C．To encourage people to share experiences.
D．To give a guide for volunteering with seniors.
22．How many programs and organizations are mentioned
A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.
23．What is the “Be a skillful talker” part about
A．How to answer questions. B．How to make up stories.
C．How to persuade the seniors. D．How to start a conversation.
B
Like most people, I had a lot of time on my hands these past few years, and I spent most of it on my phone. This, together with anxiety medication (药物治疗), has made my brain weak. I’ve never had a very good memory, but by summer of 2021, I saw the little memory that I did have disappear suddenly while Googling “ben afleCk brther bad 1.”
I grew frustrated. I couldn’t remember the name of Joan Holloway’s military husband from Mad Men without looking it up, or the name of my college friend, who would come into my dorm regularly to talk about how much he worked out. None of this was especially useful or life-changing information, but I wanted to remember it without making a shameful mess of my search history.
Inspired by a desire to impress myself and others, I decided to stop looking stuff up online and see what happened. When I couldn’t remember the character from Mad Men, instead of instantly turning to my phone, I just sat there, thinking, very hard. (Aha! Greg was his name.) And so my new skill was born: Strong Brain.
For a few months, I didn’t make any progress. Sometimes I would sit without knowing something for hours, well after whoever I was with had looked it up and had moved on to knowing the next thing that I couldn’t remember. I was frequently laughed at and made to feel stupid for sitting with my arms crossed. I was teased for not coming up with answers to things that no one on earth should know simply because I took an attitude against looking them up.
But while the sounds of my haters got louder and louder, my brain beefed up in my defense. As friends tried to remember the name of the actor who played Robin Williams’s sweetheart in Jumanji, I spoke unthinkingly with ‘Bonnie Hunt’.
If you’re like me and have always wanted to be the shiny, pretty person at a party that everyone is listening to and smiling at and wondering where she got her hair cut, I think Strong Brain is the party trick for you.
24．What do we learn about the author from paragraph 1
A．She was overusing the phone.
B．She wasted a lot of time on the calls.
C．She was addicted to anxiety medicine.
D．She made many spelling errors while searching.
25．What did the author decide to do after the summer of 2021
A．Improve her recall. B．Seek help from medicine.
C．Clear up her search history. D．Connect with her college friend.
26．What did other people think of the author’s new skill training
A．Difficult. B．Important. C．Ridiculous. D．Rewarding.
27．What is the best title of the text
A．My Concern over Anxiety. B．My Way to Be Brain-Strong.
C．My Fight with High Technology. D．My Suffering from Poor Memory.
C
The brown paper bag hit the ground. A Michelin engineer picked it up and opened it, revealing a cracked, leaking egg. The third graders at A．J. Whittenberg Elementary School were disappointed when they saw the runny mess.
It was engineering week at A．J. Whittenberg, a public primary school in Greenville, South Carolina. One week per month, engineers from local industries visit the classrooms and talk to students about their careers.
Greenville is now introducing the idea of a career path to students in primary school and giving students the option to follow those programs to middle and high schools. Each primary school focuses on a specific technical skill. The district allows students to attend schools outside of their attendance boundaries as long as space is available, which means students can choose to continue to follow their chosen career pathway at a middle school with corresponding programs.
The effort in Greenville is part of a growing national trend in which school districts partner with local industries to develop curriculum (课程) and expose students to specialized careers at a young age.
Some education experts worry the focus on industry qualifications has resulted in schools taking on responsibilities that should fall to businesses, like training workers for specific job duties, damaging a more comprehensive education in schools. “Schools are to not just prepare people for work and strengthen the economy, but also a place where students should experience art, music and think creatively,” said Jack Schneider, a professor of education at the University of Massachusetts.
A teacher from Greenville, however, said, “Career exposure has a big impact on kids. We’re not really wanting them to make a decision—‘I’m in the second grade and now I’m locked in to being whatever when I graduate from high school in 10 years.’ We just hope students walk across the graduation stage with plans for a career in mind.”
Modern times need modern solutions. When students leave school, they need to be already down their road to college, if that’s what they’re going to do, or schools need to give them something that allows them to get to work and earn a living. Just getting out with a high school degree doesn’t do that.
28．Why were the third graders disappointed
A．Their test failed. B．The bag missed the target.
C．Engineers disturbed them. D．They had to clean the ground.
29．What does Greenville do to help students follow their chosen path
A．Design more career paths. B．Invite engineers to their schools.
C．Adopt the open enrollment policy. D．Offer more courses for them to choose.
30．What is Jack Schneider concerned about
A．People’s employment. B．Students’ overall development.
C．The nation’s economy. D．The school’s innovative education.
31．Which statement would the author most likely agree with
A．Modern solutions are hard to find.
B．More students need college education.
C．Greenville’s practice is not acceptable.
D．A high school degree is not enough for jobs.
D
Machine learning sees reasoning as a categorization task with a fixed set of predetermined labels. It views the world as a fixed space of possibilities, calculating and weighing them all. This approach, of course, has achieved notable successes when applied to stable and well-defined situations such as chess or computer games. When such conditions are absent, however, machines struggle.
In 2008, Google launched Flu Trends, a web service that aimed to predict flu-related doctor visits using big data. The project, however, failed to predict the 2009 HINI flu outbreak. After several unsuccessful adjustments to its algorithm (算法), Google finally stopped the project in2015.
In such unstable situations, the human brain behaves differently. Sometimes, it simply forgets. Instead of getting trapped in irrelevant data, it relies only on the most recent information and makes creative decisions. This is a feature called intelligent forgetting. Adopting this approach, an algorithm that relies on a single data point would have reduced Google Flu Trends' prediction error by half.
Intelligent forgetting is just one dimension of psychological AI, an approach to machine intelligence that also includes other features of human intelligence such as causal reasoning, intuitive (直觉) psychology, and physics. Soon, this approach to Al will finally be recognized as fundamental for solving poorly-defined problems. Exploring these amazing features of the human brain will finally allow us to make machine learning smart.
One feature of psychological Al is that it is explainable. Until recently, researchers assumed that the more transparent an AI system was, the less accurate its predictions were. This mirrored the widespread but incorrect belief that complex problems always need complex solutions. Now, this idea will be laid to rest. As the case of flu predictions illustrates, powerful and simple psychological algorithms can often give more accurate predictions than complex algorithms. Psychological AI opens up a new vision for explainable AI: Instead of trying to explain complex systems, we can check first if psychological Al offers a simple and equally accurate solution.
Without the help of human psychology, it will become clearer that the application of this type of machine learning to unstable situations eventually runs up against impassable limitations. We will finally recognize that more computing power makes machines faster. Not smarter.
32．Why is Flu Trends mentioned
A．To clarify a concept. B．To tell the serious outbreak.
C．To support the author's idea. D．To provide readers with the truth.
33．What is the advantage of human brain according to the passage
A．It can think outside the box. B．It can avoid unclear problems.
C．It is capable of learning over time. D．It is good at following instructions.
34．Which has the similar meaning with the underlined word “transparent” in paragraph 5
A．Similar. B．Unique. C．Complete. D．Clear.
35．What does the author intend to tell us
A．AI speeds up the computing greatly.
B．Psychological Al can make smarter AI.
C．AI system works well in stable situations.
D．AI will outperform the human brain someday.
2023届河北省石家庄市高中毕业年级教学质量检测（二）英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Nobel Prize has been awarded to women 60 times between 1901 and 2022. These women have made outstanding contributions to the worlds of medicine, science, literature and so on. Here are four of them.
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
Award: Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Year: 1964
Dorothy Hodgkin was a British chemist whose interest in research began when, as a child, she received a chemistry book containing experiments with crystals. She studied at Oxford University and developed protein crystallography, which advanced the development of X-rays. This earned her the Nobel Prize.
Gertrude B．Elion
Award: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Year: 1988
Gertrude Elion won the Nobel Prize for her discoveries of important principles for drug treatment. Elion had watched her grandfather die of cancer, so she decided to fight the disease throughout her life. Elion, together with George Hitchings, with whom she shared the award, created a system for drug production that relies heavily on biochemistry.
Toni Morrison
Award: Nobel Prize in Literature
Year: 1993
Toni Morrison, whose book “Beloved” earned her the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award, was the first Black woman to ever receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Ohio, Morrison was a writer whose works are mostly about life in the Black community. She taught writing and served as an honorary professor at Princeton University.
Esther Duflo
Award: Nobel Prize in Economics
Year: 2019
Esther Duflo shared her prize with her research colleagues Michael Kremer and Abhijit Banerjee, who is her husband. Duflo has spent much of her career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she earned her doctorate degree in 1999. Duflo and her partners were awarded the Nobel Prize for their approach to fighting poverty around the world.
1．What won Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin the Nobel Prize
A．Her book about crystals. B．Her contribution to X-ray development.
C．Her research on medicine. D．Her discovery of a new protein crystal.
2．What do Toni Morrison's books mainly focus on
A．Educational issues. B．Community service.
C．Writing techniques. D．Black American's life.
3．What do Gertrude B．Elion and Esther Duflo have in common
A．They won the Nobel Prize in the same year.
B．They devoted themselves to fighting diseases.
C．They shared the Nobel Prize together with others.
D．Their life experiences committed them to their fields.
B
Every holiday season, Patricia Gallagher fills her car with stuffed animals and drives around Philadelphia. She gives them not to kids but to seniors.
Patricia’s holiday tradition started in 2009. “I just got this idea to call two nursing homes at random and ask if I could come and read It was the Night Before Christmas,” she said. She brought some of her kids’ stuffed animals for the seniors to hold while she read. “But when I went to gather them and take them back to go to the next nursing home, nobody wanted to give up their stuffed animals,” she added. It was then and there that she realized the power of a simple holiday gift.
Patricia wanted to continue her tradition of giving, so she put an ad online, asking for gently used stuffed animals. In her first two years of collecting, she received more than 11,000 donated stuffed animals. She said sometimes local schools would hold stuffed animal collections on her behalf, or a child who outgrew their toys would donate. After receiving too many, Patricia started capping how many she would collect at a time, and said she could only take in about 250 stuffed animals each week during the holiday season. Then, she took them to nursing homes.
“The elderly want stuffed animals not only for comfort, but they were conversation starters. It reminded them of their childhood,” she said. And she recalled one man said, “You know, I never wanted to go to school. And my father said if I would go that day, he would take me to the Brooklyn Zoo. And you know what This was the first animal I saw there and it looked just like this giraffe.”
Spreading joy isn’t just a holiday pastime for Patricia. She is also known as the “Happy Flower Lady” around Philadelphia, because she collects old flowers from stores and passes them out to anyone who needs a pick-me-up.
“When you give, you really do get more back,” Patricia said. “Every morning, whether it’s the flowers or the stuffed animals, I have a purpose.”
4．Why did Patricia go to the nursing homes in 2009
A．To send gifts to the seniors. B．To read a story to the elderly
C．To get over her loneliness. D．To get rid of her kids’ toys.
5．What does the underlined word “capping” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Limiting. B．Recording. C．Identifying. D．Doubling.
6．What can we infer from paragraph 4
A．Seniors love good old days. B．Cute animals have healing effects on seniors.
C．Giving makes seniors happy. D．Stuffed animals have more than one function.
7．What does Patricia think of her giving experiences
A．Rewarding. B．Entertaining. C．Timely. D．Tough.
C
A new study suggests classic paintings by well-known Impressionists Joseph Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.
The study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by authors from Harvard and Sorbonne universities, analyzed 60 oil paintings by Turner from 1796 to 1850 and 38 paintings by Monet from 1864 to 1901.
Scientists don't know exactly how polluted the cities were during that time for lack of data. However, researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution.
In particular, researchers said changes in local sulfur dioxide emissions from burning coal may explain changes in the colour contrast and intensity of Turner, Monet, and others' works, even after taking into account the artistic trends and subject matter of the time.
Scientists successfully measured painters' representation of nature, focusing on differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe. Paintings' done in Britain generally feature a paler blue sky than other works in other parts of the continent. Generally, artists can historically accurately represent their environment, so Turner and Monet were chosen because they are famous for their landscape and cityscape paintings and also because they were active during the Industrial Revolution, when air pollution grew at a rate never seen before.
Additionally, researchers say that as the air in London and Paris became more polluted, the cities would appear hazier to the eyes as well as in photographs. By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet to pictures from the era, they were able to determine the artists were at least partly influenced by the change in emissions.
8．How did the researchers conduct the study
A．By referring to relevant historical records.
B．By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet.
C．By relating the paintings to the air conditions then.
D．By analyzing the data during the Industrial Revolution.
9．What did the researchers find in the works of Turner and Monet
A．Air pollution at that time. B．Change in subject matter.
C．Social trends of the period. D．Development of photography
10．What can we learn from paragraph 5
A．European artists preferred landscape paintings.
B．Scientists focused on studying weather patterns.
C．Turner and Monet intended to present pollution.
D．Britain suffered from air pollution most in Europe.
11．What is the purpose of the text
A．To inform people of a new discovery. B．To instruct people to appreciate paintings.
C．To introduce the Industrial Revolution. D．To call on people to protect the environment.
D
Many owners of electric cars have wished for a battery pack that could power their vehicle for more than a thousand miles on a single charge. Researchers have developed a lithium-air battery that could make that dream a reality. The new battery design could also one day power airplanes and trucks. The main new component in this lithium-air battery is a solid electrolyte instead of the usual liquid variety.
Batteries with solid electrolytes are not subject to safety problems with the liquid electrolytes used in lithium-ion and other battery types, which can overheat and catch fire. More importantly, the solid electrolyte can potentially boost the energy four times, which translates into longer driving range.
For over a decade, scientists have been working overtime to develop a lithium battery that makes use of the oxygen in air. The lithium-air battery has the highest energy of any battery technology being considered for the next generation of batteries beyond lithium-ion.
The new solid electrolyte is composed of a material made from relatively inexpensive elements, compared with the past designs. Besides, the chemical reaction in lithium-ion only involves one or two electrons stored per oxygen molecule, while that for lithium-air battery involves four electrons. More electrons stored means higher energy.
The new design is the first lithium-air battery that has achieved a four-electron reaction at room temperature. It also operates with oxygen supplied by air from the surrounding environment. The capability to n with air avoids the need for oxygen tanks to operate, a problem with earlier designs.
“With further development, we expect our new design for the lithium-air battery to reach a record of 1200 watt-hours per kilogram,” said Curtiss, a researcher. “That is nearly four times better than lithium-ion batteries.”
12．What contributes most to the lithium-ion battery
A．Lithium-ion. B．Oxygen molecules. C．Solid electrolytes. D．Liquid component.
13．What’s the problem with lithium-ion batteries
A．They burn easily if overheated. B．They are unsafe in production.
C．They damage the environment. D．They require longer charging time.
14．How does the author organize paragraph 4
A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons.
C．By presenting statistics D．By analyzing cause and effect.
15．What is the best title of the text
A．How Lithium-air Batteries Work B．What will Be Used to Power Airplanes
C．Electric Cars Are Becoming More Popular D．New Batteries Offer Longer Driving Range
2023届河北省邯郸市高三二模英语试题
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Enter the Kids News Junior Journalist competition
The search is on for the next generation of news breakers with the Kids News Junior Journalist competition.
The free competition is open to children in Years 3-9, with four categories for both primary and secondary students:
●News story - print
●News story - video
●Sports story - print
●Sports story - video
The grand prize winner will score a guest appearance on Channel 10's Studio 10 program, hosted by Narelda Jacobs.
Jacobs, a television journalist for more than 20 years, said it was important for kids to take an interest in news. “Events and issues being re ported on impact children either now or into the future,” she said.
As well as the Studio 10 grand prize, there are four $750 gift cards for primary students and four $1000 gift cards for secondary students to compete for.
Kids can submit written and video entries to the Junior Journalist competition from February 6 to April 6.
HOW TO ENTER
●Write a story or create a video story about something that has happened or is about to happen in your school or local community. Y our story should be factual. Check out the Junior Journalist videos for tips.
●Download the consent(同意书) form below and get your parent or guardian to fill it in.
●Download the entry form below and get your teacher to fill it in.
●Email your written or video story, along with the completed consent and entry forms, to juniorjournalist@.au before 5pm on April 6. Video entries should be submitted as a MP4 file.
21. Who can attend the competition
A. A 3-year-old boy. B. A student of junior high.
C.A fan of Studio 10. D. A 20-yearold journalist.
22. What will the grand prize winner get
A. A job offer from the TV station. B. Some prizes as well as $ 750.
C. The chance to be on TV. D. Four $ 1000 gift cards.
23. What is the requirement for an entry
A. It should be based on facts. B. It has to be related to a parent.
C. It must be a story about school life. D. It can be either paper or audio. .
B
When his daughter Morgan was growing up, Gordon Hartman was heartbroken after watching her on the playground. Other children refused to play with her, mostly because her disabilities meant she couldn't access the places where they were playing. The family tried other places but were never satisfied.
“What we found was there was no place that was an easily-accessible, fully inclusive park,” Gordon said. So he went home and sold his construction business, bought a large piece of land, and went to work building an entire amusement park for disabled children.
All kids need playtime, and Morgan was no different. The park—named Morgan's Wonderland—finally offered Morgan that opportunity. What the Hartmans discovered is that kids without disabilities enjoy the park just as much, and they interact a lot more with everyone when all are included. In fact, three quarters of the park's visitors are not disabled. And that makes it all the more fun.
Watching the kids play together without barriers makes you realize that we are all the same, and having fun is for everybody. But it doesn't end there. One-third of the staff also has special needs. Seeing the way they interact also puts a smile on your face. They take their jobs seriously, and they make sure everybody is having fun. .
“It feels fantastic because we get to see people who are not given the opportunity to experience the types of rides we have, get on a carousel, get on a train easily, and go fishing,” says Gordon. The park has been visited by people with special needs from over 67 countries. “When we opened this, we didn't know if it was going to work,” says Gordon. “All we wanted to do was bring people together and play.”
Just look at the smiles at Morgan's Wonderland, and you'll see how much good it does.
24. Why was Gordon extremely sad
A. His daughter was disabled. B. He had to sell his business.
C. His daughter was never satisfied. D. No playground was accessible to Morgan.
25. What do we know about Morgan's Wonderland
A. Every child comes to play with Morgan. B. It hires the disabled to attract tourists.
C. It allows every child to have fun here. D.3/4 of its area is for normal children. .
26. How did Gordon feel about his amusement park at first
A. Confident. B. Uncertain. C. Ashamed. D. Optimistic.
27. What can be the best title for this text
A. Every Kid Deserves to Have Fun B. We Should Respect Each Other
C. A Playground Is Enough for All D. A Father Has Saved His Daughter
C
Kids have always loved skimming stones across water. And everyone knows the thinner and flatter the stone the better, right
Not necessarily, according to English scientists who have found a fatter, curvier(弯曲的) rock is key to getting good bounce. Bristol University mathematician Ryan Palmer found that while thin, flat stones still provided the best chance of a maximum number of skips, fatter, curvier stones offered something “that's completely different, but just as spectacular: huge jumps out of the water.
The scientists had initially been looking into the more serious subject of ice on aircraft, analyzing how ice crystals(晶体) bounced off a layer of liquid formed on a plane's wings. It turned out this had the “same sort of interactions that you get with you or 1 standing at the comer of a lake trying to skim a stone across it”, said Professor Palmer, the study 's lead author.
He said the study found a heavier rock gave a super response that produced an almighty jump. When a stone hit the water, horizontal speed turned into upward speed, so it made sense that a heavy rock would put more force into that action. The curviness was also key, because it allowed a heavier stone to jump up off the water.
For those looking to try their arms at big skips, Prof Palmer said the technique remained the same: your throw should be as parallel(平行的) as possible to the top of the water, before you lean back and let the rock fly. While Prof Palmer said he was no expert stone skimmer, he always had a throw when the opportunity arose. “Especially if it looks more like a potato, I'll have a go,” he said. But he said a potato-shaped stone was probably a little too heavy and round to get the maximum bounce.
28. What kind of stones do people usually choose when skimming them across water
A. Fatter and curvier. B. Thinner and flatter. C. Flatter and heavier. D. Rounder and curvier.
29. What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “almighty” in Paragraph 4
A. Playful. B. Skillful. C. Colorful. D. Powerful.
30. What do we know about skimming stones from Paragraph 5
A. It is played only by kids. B. It needs a certain technique.
C. It offers all kinds of opportunities. D. It is played the best using potatoes.
31. What is mainly talked about in this text
A. The key to selecting best skimming stones.
B. The fun skimming stones brings to children.
C. A simple game suitable for kids and grownups.
D. A study on the water layer on a plane's wings.
D
Scientists have learned more about the inner workings of the Earth by studying the way waves from earthquakes travel through the planet's center. The results suggest that the Earth's inner core may be starting to spin more slowly than the Earth.
The Earth's core has two parts: the outer core and the inner core. Both of these are made mainly of the metals iron and nickel. The outer core is liquid. But the inner core is a solid ball held in this liquid almost like the yolk(蛋黄) in an egg.
Scientists suspected for a long time that the inner core might be spinning slightly differently from the way the Earth spins.
In the 1990s, two scientists, Paul Richards and Xiaodong Song, studied the inner core by looking at the waves from earthquakes that travel through the center of the Earth. They focused on groups and pairs of waves from earthquakes that naturally repeat. If the inner core was spinning exactly with the Earth, each wave of the pair should have taken the same time to pass through the Earth. Instead, some moved faster than others. This was because they were hitting different parts of the inner core as it spun. Their studies revealed that the inner core was spinning in the same direction as the Earth, but slightly faster.
Now Dr. Song and Yi Yang—another scientist who studies the Earth—say they've used the same method to learn that the Earth's inner core may be starting to spin slower than the Earth. The researchers studied earthquake wave pairs from Alaska, going all the way back to 1964. They noticed that the inner core's spin also seemed to change speed in the early 1970s. The scientists say that the inner core may have a pattern of speeding up and slowing down every 70 years or so.
Not everyone agrees. Many scientists who study the Earth say more information needed to figure out what is really going on.
32. Why is an egg mentioned in the second paragraph
A. To explain how the Earth's core moves.
B. To show the importance of the inner core.
C. To illustrate the composition of the outer core.
D. To help picture the structure of the Earth's core
33. What did the scientists discover about the inner core in the 1990s
A. It sent out earthquake waves. B. It changed speed repeatedly.
C. It moved exactly with the Earth. D. It moved a little faster than the Earth. .
34. What does the author say about the study result
A. It is accurate and reliable. B. It excites the scientists.
C. It needs further confirmation. D. It has caused a heated discussion. .
35. What is the text
A. A science report. B. A sci-fi story. C. A diary entry. D. A brochure.
2023届河北省张家口市高考二模英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Volunteer on a Disaster Action Team
Most of the 60,000 emergencies that the Red Cross responds to each year are local, personal disasters like home fires. They may not make the news, hut we know they are just as devastating (破坏性) to the families affected. So join us to answer the call when your neighbors need help.
Trained and available, Disaster Action Team volunteers are ready to respond to these emergencies, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. From offering a shoulder to cry on to meeting any immediate needs for shelter or supplies, to connecting people with long term recovery services, our volunteers ensure that families don’t have to face tough times alone.
Many disaster action team volunteers share these life experiences and skills:
·Team-spirited
·Availability and flexibility for at least 4—6 hours per week
·Tender-hearted
·Disaster response experience
·Have a command of two languages
·Can remain calm and patient during stressful situations
Disaster Action Team volunteers help local families cope with emergencies.
Home fires and other disasters can occur any time, any place. As a Disaster Action Team volunteer, you’ll provide emotional support, financial assistance, and information to help families begin the process of recovery. After your initial training, your shifts will include responding to emergencies within 2 hours, night or day, rain or shine, either on the scene or acting remotely to provide immediate care. With experience and further training you can take on leadership to have a wider impact.
Note: the volunteer positions available to you will vary depending on your location and the needs of your local community.
21. What is the duty of a Disaster Action Team volunteer
A. Train residents on safety awareness.
B. Give permanent support to the victims.
C. Find out safety problems in the community.
D. Help people deal with emergency at any time
22. What is required of a Disaster Action Team volunteer
A. The ability to stay cool. B. Outdoor survival skills.
C. Oversea learning experience. D. Serving 4—6 hours monthly.
23. What is the purpose of this text
A. To teach people how to keen safe.
B. To call on pole to be volunteers.
C. To inform volunteers to take action.
D. To introduce an activity of the Red Cross.
B
As an undergraduate, 1 was fascinated by a visiting professor’s lecture. The second I left the talk, I called my sister and told her I had decided to become a paleoclimate (古气候) scientist—to which she replied, “A what ” No one in my family has a graduate degree. And no one heard of this term. Thus I began my journey through the unwritten expectations and assumed knowledge about applying to graduate school.
I sent that professor an email, asking whether he had time to talk to me. He agreed to meet virtually, explained his graduate research, and shared stories of fieldwork, but he made no mention of how students were supported. I didn’t think to ask. I assumed pursuing a graduate degree would mean paying tuition and going without income. That was not an option for me. So, I tried to let go of the idea of continuing my education.
Later I learned from my adviser that many programs not only cover tuition, but also offer scholarship. My dream became a possibility again.
Then came the next problem: figuring out how to apply. I fell into a rabbit hole of Internet advice from self-appointed experts, each with a different opinion on email etiquette (礼仪), interview scheduling, and how to express interest in a project. The suggested timelines contradicted (相矛盾) one another. I felt hopeless again, terrified I would break an unspoken rule.
But I gathered all the advice I could and spent hours crafting emails to professors. Ultimately, I was accepted to work on a master's project in a city where I had always wanted to live.
Standing in the lab that day, I realized that—despite my uncertainty—I had made it exactly where I had hoped to be. When I had started down this path, there was so much I didn’t know. But I made it by trying walking into the unknown.
24. What can we infer from the reply of the author’s sister
A. She had problems with bearing.
B. She became annoyed with the author.
C. She was puzzled about the author’s decision.
D. She was too excited to hear the author’s words.
25. How slid the author feel after talking with that visiting professor
A. Discouraged. B. Guilty. C. Optimistic. D. Excited.
26. What problem did the author face
A. Lack of the professor’s support. B. There being no work experience.
C. The confusion of making a decision. D. Demanding requirements of the professor.
27. What does the text mainly intend to tell us
A. Well begun, half done. B. Every man has his price.
C. One tree does not make a forest. D. Something attempted, something done.
C
A new study found some primates (灵长类) are leaving their tree homes and spending more time on the ground. Led by Timothy Eppley, Ph. D., scientists studied nearly 50 species of monkeys and lemurs (狐猴) to look at the reason behind these changes.
About 15 years ago, Eppley worked with southern bamboo lemurs, which were known to spend most of their days in the trees, feeding on bamboo leaves. However, he was surprised to find these lemurs were spending most time on the ground and had an incredibly diverse diet. He wondered whether habitat reduction and limited food resource availability were driving them move to the ground. This inspired him to begin this study.
He reached out to every researcher he could find who may have significant data on primates from Madagascar or the Americas, the two places with almost all tree-dwelling primates.
Eppley examined more than 150,000 hours of data observed on 32 monkey species and 15 lemur species at 68 sites. He found that they spent an average of only 2.5% of their time on the ground each month. But the findings showed some interesting differences.
“As habitats are degraded and the climate worsens, primates that are flexible enough to adapt because of their diverse diets or live in larger groups may be more likely to shift to life on the ground,” Eppley says. “However, other species that rely on fruit diets or live in small groups are less adaptable and are less willing to leave the tree. For these species, we will still need to enforce fast and effective conservation strategies to ensure their survival.”
Although moving to the ground has some advantages in certain situations, primates can face problems when they leave the trees. They can become victims of other animals and diseases. Besides, they will be faced with finding appropriate food resources on the ground, thus having a broad or flexible diet is important. Primates are important seed spreaders within their forest habitats. The loss of primates would lead to negative effects on the ecosystem.
28. Why did Timothy Eppley begin his study
A. To try to make primates more adaptive.
B. To study how monkeys differ from lemurs.
C. To figure out the reason for the loss of bamboo.
D. To find out why primates are turning to the ground.
29. How did Timothy Eppley carry out his research
A. By doing experiments. B. By observing in the wild
C. By studying collected data D. By interviewing the locals.
30. Which kind of primates are more likely to come down from trees
A. Those eating diverse diets. B. Those with a large size.
C. Those feeding mainly an fruits. D. Those living in small groups.
31. What will become a concern according to the study
A. Animals will become less adaptive. B. The forest ecosystem will become worse.
C. More natural habitats will be lost. D. More animal-related diseases will appear.
D
A study looked at the various modes of e-mobility in Germany to find e-bikes are all charged up and leading the pack.
The most surprising finding was the number of e-bikes: 18% of the respondents stated they used an e-bike, compared to an also impressive 7% who said they use an e-car. E-bikes were considered practical compared to regular bikes because of the reduced physical exertion and extended range. Another benefit of e-bikes over e-cars is that they are fun. This apparently makes them the most “attractive” form of an electric vehicle.
In North America, we often need a car to go around, but in Germany, just over half of the e-bike users managed to do so. However, 68% of these e car users did, probably “due to the ability to transport larger items”.
Perhaps the most interesting numbers are those for the distance travelled. E-bikes are used for trips with a length of 15 kilometers, significantly less than the 25 kilometer trip length for the e-cars but still a big number for a bike trip.
The study stated, “E-bikes are already the most commonly used means of electric transportation in Germany.”
This is good news for North America, which has fallen behind European countries in e-bike uptake. The U.S. Office of Energy Efficiency said, “Data collected on one-way household trips show that 59.4% of vehicle trips were less than six miles. In fact, three-fourths of all trips are ten miles or less.”
Others tell us that the infrastructure (设施) is terrible, but cities in Texas are investing in bike infrastructure. For the e-bike revolution to take off, we need good affordable bikes, safe places to ride, and secure places to park. It s also apparent that we need better regulation of e-bikes to ensure they all meet related standard to avoid battery fires like those happening in New York.
But in Germany, the overall success of e-bikes can be expected to continue both in terms of popularity of e-bikes and in terms of total sales.
32. What does the underlined word “exertion” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Weight. B. Effort. C. Contact. D. Barrier.
33. What can we infer about North America from Paragraph 6
A It is poorer then Europe. B. Its residents prefer long trips.
C. Its road conditions are terrible. D. It has the conditions to promote e-bikes.
34. What is the author’s attitude toward the use of e-bikes
A. Favorable. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Objective.
35. Which can be the best title for the text
A. E-Bikes Still Need Improving B. E-Bikes Are Widely Used for Trips
C. E-Bikes Are Popular in Germany D. E-Bikes Are Coming to North America
2023届河北省保定市高三4月模拟英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
To live better and be healthier, having helpful apps for smart devices can be of great benefit.
Lifesum
The app offers personalized dietary (饮食的) and fitness guidance for everyone. It not only allows users to track their weight, height, gender, and fitness goals but also provides micro tracking for those with specialized dietary requirements. The food and exercise tracking are accessible for free, as well as social features. Everything else requires subscriptions paid for three, six, or twelve months at a time in advance.
Home Workout
This health app provides workouts you can do at home with no equipment. Ranging from warm-ups, stretching, weight training and strength training, it provides video and animation guides, charts and tracking to help beginners. With this app, you won’t need to spend a fortune on exercise equipment-just a download button and a few extra minutes for your daily fitness exercises.
Headspace
This meditation app offers various guided meditations to relieve your stress and anxiety, emergency SOS sessions for calming needs and various programs according to your individual requirement. It even sends you the occasional message telling you to calm down and breathe a little bit. With a free 10-day trial and two fee-based subscription choices: $12.99 per month and $ 69.99 per year.
TickTick
TickTick is a great to-do list app which helps users to remember occasions such as doctor’s appointments, taking medicines or buying protein shakes. It is suitable for work and home tasks. It even allows users to share their categories and tasks with others. Though not a health app exactly, it’s definitely helpful for health reasons. The free version offers all features and up to two reminders per task, while more than that costs extra $27.99 per year.
21．Which app offers dietary guidance
A．Lifesum.
B．Home Workout.
C．Headspace.
D．TickTick.
22．What is the benefit of using Headspace
A．Boosting your passion to work out.
B．Developing a healthier eating habit.
C．Helping relieve your stress and anxiety.
D．Having access to diverse programs.
23．What is the purpose of the text
A．To compare the functions of health apps.
B．To introduce some helpful health apps.
C．To teach readers how to subscribe apps.
D．To guide readers to use apps for free.
B
There was a unique restaurant in London that beat out thousands of stylish restaurants to earn the top ranking on the popular TripAdvisor, despite not existing.
The tale began with a belief that Oobah Butler had developed after a part-time job writing fake(虚假的)TripAdvisor reviews for restaurants: The site was a “false reality”, despite millions of genuine reviews. He decided to see how far he could take a fake restaurant on the site so “The Shed at Dulwich” was born. Butler created a web page with a menu based on emotions and attractive photographs of dishes. He also listed its location as the street he lived on with no address, calling it an “appointment- only restaurant”, to avoid being attacked by fact-checkers.
The Shed was unexpectedly approved by TripAdvisor to be listed in May, starting out as the 18,149th-ranked restaurant in the city: dead last. Butler began having family and friends flood the site with fake reviews. “Spent a weekend in London and heard that this place is a must-visit,” one wrote. “After a few mildly frustrating phone calls I was in.” Soon the customers started calling. “We’re fully booked,” Butler told the would-be diners. However, the restaurant’s reputation started to grow in TripAdvisor’s rankings. Some companies used an estimated location of The Shed on Google to send free samples to Butler, expecting to work with him. In November, Butler received a note from TripAdvisor saying The Shed had become the No.1 ranked restaurant in London!
Butler thought it was time to expose the trick. The story has been praised as an incredible feat(事迹). However, in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online, it has also served as another reminder of the ease with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results.
24．What does Oobah Butler think of TripAdvisor
A．It is a reliable information source.
B．It creates a false sense of reality.
C．It has too many genuine reviews.
D．It is a useful tool for his part-time job.
25．How was The Shed ranked the No.1 restaurant
A．By offering discounts and special deals.
B．By sending free samples to customers.
C．By getting a specific location on google.
D．By flooding the site with fake reviews.
26．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Butler earned people’s trust.
B．False information can be disastrous.
C．Online information is threatening our safety.
D．Online platforms are totally unreliable now.
27．What message does the story convey
A．No investigation, no right to speak.
B．Well began is half done.
C．Honesty is the best policy.
D．God helps those who help themselves.
C
It’s unlikely that we’ll see a dodo, a flightless bird, walking this earth anytime again, according to Beth Shapiro, a evolutionary molecular biologist.
“When most people think about de-extinction, they’re imagining cloning,” Shapiro said. Cloning, the approach that created Dolly, the sheep in 1996 and Elizabeth Ann, the black-footed ferret in 2020, creates an identical genetic copy of an individual by putting DNA from a living adult cell into an egg cell from which the nucleus (细胞核) has been removed. Adult cells contain all the DNA needed to develop into a living animal. Egg cells then use that DNA as a blueprint to turn themselves into many kinds of cells——skin, organs, blood and bones——the animal needs.
“But no living cells from dodos exist. Instead,” Shapiro said, “you’d have to start with a closely related animal’s genome (基因组) and then change it into one similar to dodos.” For example， mammoths (猛犸) are also extinct，but they were very closely related to modern Asian elephants, so researchers are attempting to bring mammoths back from extinction by creating a hybrid mammoth with some mammoth genes replacing part of the elephant genome in an elephant egg cell. However, there are likely millions of genetic differences between the genome of an Asian elephant and that of a mammoth according to Shapiro.
As for the dodo, its closest living relative is the Nicobar pigeon. Mammoths and Asian elephants are pretty closely related, whereas it had been more than 20 million years since the dodo and the Nicobar pigeon had any common ancestors. Genetic differences between the two bird species are therefore much greater, making it a formidable task to create a successful hybrid in the lab, Shapiro said.
Even if scientists manage to bring dodos back, the island where they once lived is a very different place nowadays, which make it impossible to reintroduce dodos without major intervention.
28．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The special role of DNA．
B．The process of cloning.
C．The development of cloning.
D．The complexity of cloning.
29．What does Shapiro want to show by the example of mammoths
A．Dodos are harder to bring back to life.
B．Their living cells are hard to preserve.
C．Cloning can be used to recreate extinct animals.
D．They share a similar genome with Asian elephants.
30．What does the underlined word “formidable” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Urgent.
B．Possible.
C．Tough.
D．Different.
31．What is Shapiro’s attitude towards the rebirth of dodos
A．Favorable.
B．Intolerant.
C．Objective.
D．Negative.
D
The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of comparison since the 16th century. The argument is centered on the question as to whether it is nature or nurture that makes us who we are.
Nature provides the starting point for an organism that will interact with nurture, the environment, during the organism’s life. Nature does not just affect an organism during its lifetime, but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in offspring (后代). For the Geneticists, they believe that our lives are entirely determined by genetics, which is nature. An opposing view is that there is no indication that genes (基因) determines one’s personality, rather there is growing evidence that nurture serves as the determining factor in personality development.
Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things grow and develop after birth. When applied to human beings, it means how the person is raised, which includes nutrition, education, care, as well as the kind of surroundings, such as cultural influence, family and friends.
The argument of nature and nurture as to which is more important is necessitated by an attempt to differentiate how much effect genetics has on a person’s development against how easily humans are influenced by one’s environment.
While nurture undeniably plays its part on the growth and development of one’s personality, nature dramatically outweighs nurture, for nature can be likened to a foundation. The impact of nurture on the development of persons cannot be totally denied. However, nature is regarded as being of most importance because of the fact that it affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question of nurture to arise at the very first instance. Even without nurture, the nature impact can still stand independently without necessarily causing destruction. More so, even when the nurture impact is successfully effected, it does not remove the genetic characteristics of a person. It therefore stands correctly that nature is that which determines the substance of a person.
32．What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A．Nature’s role is supported by additional evidence.
B．Personality development is determined by nurture.
C．Nature impacts gene expression in later generation.
D．Environment shapes personality more than genetics.
33．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．What nurture means to human beings.
B．How living things develop after birth.
C．How nurture shapes human development.
D．How surroundings influence human beings.
34．How does the author stress the greater importance of nature
A．By giving examples.
B．By making contrast.
C．By conducting experiments.
D．By citing research data.
35．What is the best title for the text
A．A Long Story of Nature and Nurture
B．A New Research on Nature and Nurture
C．Who Can Tell What Makes Who We Are
D．Which Is More Important, Nature or Nurture
参考答案
2023届河北省唐山市高考二模英语试题
21．D
22．B
23．D
24．A
25．A
26．C
27．B
28．A
29．C
30．B
31．D
32．C
33．A
34．D
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2023届河北省石家庄市高中毕业年级教学质量检测（二）英语试卷
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2．D
3．C
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5．A
6．D
7．A
8．C
9．A
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11．A
12．C
13．A
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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
B C A D C B A B D B A D D C A
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21. D 22. A 23. B
24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D
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21．A
22．C
23．B
24．B
25．D
26．B
27．A
28．B
29．A
30．C
31．D
32．C
33．A
34．B
35．D