上海高考翻译提升练习——传统文化
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎 (What)
传统中国画中一个最受青睐的主题是家庭生活的各种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在下棋饮茶，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。（where）
《红楼梦》详尽地描述了四个贵族世家兴衰的历程，反映了封建(feudal)社会隐藏的种种危机和错综复杂的社会冲突。（reflecting）
《三国演义》（the Romance of the Three Kingdoms）自出版以来，这部小说不但吸引了一代又一代的读者，而且对中国文化产生了广泛而持久的影响。（Not only; appeal）
在中国传统文化中，梅花(plum)象征着坚强、纯洁、高雅，激励人们不畏艰难、砥砺前行。(regardless)
荷花(lotus)迎骄阳而不惧，出污泥而不染，象征纯洁、高雅等高尚品德。(stand for)
以是人多以书假余，余因得遍观群书。(It)
故不登高山，不知天之高也；不临深溪，不知地之厚也。
漫步在这古典园林中，四处可见各式木门，它们图纹各异，形式活泼，别具特色。(hang)
儒教在中国历代盛行数千年,虽地位不如昔日举足轻重,但仍然是了解灿烂中华文明一把钥匙。(as … as)
世有伯乐，然后有千里马。（Only）
欧阳子方夜读书，闻有声自西南来者，悚然而听之，曰：“异哉！”(when)
六国破灭，非兵不利，战不善，弊在赂秦。（The reason）
一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，不一会儿宾客云集，笑语四溢。(where)
马上就到除夕之夜了，人们聚在一起，张灯结彩，燃放鞭炮，并互相祝福。（With）
儒教在中国历代盛行数千年,虽地位不如昔日举足轻重,但仍然是了解灿烂中华文明一把钥匙。(as … as)
对联（Chinese couplet）也叫“对子”，它由两句形式相通、内容相连的语句组成。（consist）
近年来，重阳节这个古老的节日被赋予新的含义，逐渐成为一年一度的“老年节”，开展各种敬老活动。(when)
清明时节是一个纪念祖先和已故亲人的日子。而且，清明也是郊游的大好时节，人们去户外踏青，并开展一系列消遣和体育活动。（meanwhile）
端午节的来源有多种说法，但最被人们接受的是为了纪念著名爱国诗人屈原。（which）
在汉语中，“结”寓意团圆、友好、和平和爱，所以中国结经常被用来表达美好的祝愿。（convey）
每逢佳节庆典，到处都可以看到象征着团圆意义的红灯笼，它营造了一种喜庆的氛围。（which）
在古代，京剧大多是在户外演出的，因此演员们形成了一种极具穿透力的唱腔，以便每个人都能听到。（so that）
中国功夫因其悠久的历史、丰富的内涵（connotation）以及浓厚的神秘色彩而越来越为中外所瞩目。（draw）
中国人使用筷子的历史可追溯到商代，距今已有三千多年。（date）
作为中国古代的四大发明之一，指南针对人们的生活，尤其是航海业的发展，起到了重要的作用。（play）
儒家思想的一个宏大的目标就是实现“大同社会”，在这样的一个社会中，每个人都能扮演好自己的角色，并与他人维持良好的关系。（where）
太极拳（Tai Chi）是一系列缓慢的动作，旨在修炼身心。它就像是一种舞蹈，却不需要你随音乐起舞，而是需要你向内看，跟随内心的节奏。（intend）
十二生肖代表动物的性格特点各不相同，比如，牛是勤劳的象征，这一点在鲁迅的诗句“俯首甘为孺子牛”中有着完美的体现。（vary; which）
花木兰替父从军故事是否真实不得而知，但是千百年来，花木兰作为孝顺(filial)的典范而深受中国人的尊敬。（although）
有人说，西湖就像镶嵌（inlay）在广袤大地上的一颗璀璨的明珠。 它以其秀丽的风景、闻名的古迹、灿烂的文化和丰富的特产而闻名, 而宋代大文豪苏轼也在西湖留下了“欲把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹总相宜”的千古绝唱。（It）上海高考翻译提升练习——传统文化
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎 (What)
【答案及解析】What a great pleasure it is when friends of congenial minds come from afar to visit you!
考察感叹句。
传统中国画中一个最受青睐的主题是家庭生活的各种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在下棋饮茶，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。（where）
【答案及解析】One of the most preferred topics in traditional Chinese paintings is various happy scenes of family life, where the elderly play chess and drink tea, young men farm and harvest in the field, women weave or sew clothes and kids play in the outside.
考察定语从句。
《红楼梦》详尽地描述了四个贵族世家兴衰的历程，反映了封建(feudal)社会隐藏的种种危机和错综复杂的社会冲突。（reflecting）
【答案及解析】Dream of the Red Chamber described the rise and fall of four aristocratic families in detail, reflecting various crises and complicated social conflicts hidden in the feudal society.
考察现在分词。
《三国演义》（the Romance of the Three Kingdoms）自出版以来，这部小说不但吸引了一代又一代的读者，而且对中国文化产生了广泛而持久的影响。（Not only; appeal）
【答案及解析】Not only has the Romance of the Three Kingdoms been appealing to generations of readers but also exerting a broad and lasting impact on Chinese culture since it came out.
考察倒装句。
在中国传统文化中，梅花(plum)象征着坚强、纯洁、高雅，激励人们不畏艰难、砥砺前行。(regardless)
【答案及解析】In traditional Chinese culture, plum blossom, which symbolizes toughness, purity and grace, motivates a large body of individuals to move on regardless of the hardship.
考察让步状语。
荷花(lotus)迎骄阳而不惧，出污泥而不染，象征纯洁、高雅等高尚品德。(stand for)
【答案及解析】Due to its characters of not fearing the blazing sun and keeping clean in the dirty soil, lotus stands for people’s noble virtues, such as purity and elegance.
考察动词短语。
以是人多以书假余，余因得遍观群书。(It)
【答案及解析】It was because many people were willing to loan me books that I was able to read through a wide range of them.
考察强调句。
故不登高山，不知天之高也；不临深溪，不知地之厚也。（how）
【答案及解析】Therefore, one can’t appreciate how high the sky is without climbing up a tall mountain. He can’t know how thick the ground is without going down an abyss.
考察宾语从句。
漫步在这古典园林中，四处可见各式木门，它们图纹各异，形式活泼，别具特色。(hang)
【答案及解析】When you are hanging around the classical garden, a variety of wooden doors are seen everywhere, which are different in pattern, lively in form and unique in style.
考察动词短语。
儒教在中国历代盛行数千年,虽地位不如昔日举足轻重,但仍然是了解灿烂中华文明一把钥匙。(as … as)
【答案及解析】Although Confucianism, which has been prevalent/widespread in China for thousands of years, is not as important as it used to be, it is still a key to understanding the splendid Chinese civilization.
考察同级比较。
世有伯乐，然后有千里马。（Only）
【答案及解析】Only after Bo Le came into the world were there horses able to gallop one thousand li.
（或）Only when Bo Le appeared in the world were there horses which could run one thousand li.
考察倒装句。
欧阳子方夜读书，闻有声自西南来者，悚然而听之，曰：“异哉！”(when)
【答案及解析】Ouyang Zi was reading at night when he heard a sound coming from the southwest. He was terrified and said, “how strange it is !”
考察状语从句be doing…when。
六国破灭，非兵不利，战不善，弊在赂秦。（The reason）
【答案及解析】The reason why the Six States were destroyed was not that their weapons were inferior and they were poor at fights but that they bribed the State of Qin.
考察定语从句。
一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，不一会儿宾客云集，笑语四溢。(where)
【答案及解析】One spring evening, my parents held a banquet in the garden where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. Instantly, a crowd of guests gathered together and their laughter was heard all over there.
考察定语从句。
马上就到除夕之夜了，人们聚在一起，张灯结彩，燃放鞭炮，并互相祝福。（With）
【答案及解析】With the Lunar New Year’s Eve coming, people get together, decorating the houses with lanterns and festoons, setting off firecrackers and blessing each others.
考察with的复合结构。
对联（Chinese couplet）也叫“对子”，它由两句形式相通、内容相连的语句组成。（consist）
【答案及解析】The Chinese couplet is also called "Duizi", which consists of two sentences (that are) identical in form and interrelated in meaning.
考察动词短语。
近年来，重阳节这个古老的节日被赋予新的含义，逐渐成为一年一度的“老年节”，开展各种敬老活动。(when)
【答案及解析】In recent years, a new meaning has been given to the old Chongyang Festival, and it gradually becomes an annual Seniors' Day, when various activities are held in honor of senior people.
考察定语从句。
清明时节是一个纪念祖先和已故亲人的日子。而且，清明也是郊游的大好时节，人们去户外踏青，并开展一系列消遣和体育活动。（meanwhile）
【答案及解析】Qingming is a period to honour and to pay respect to one's deceased ancestors and family members. Meanwhile, it is the high time for spring outing, when people go out for fresh air, kinds of recreations and sports activities.
考察并列副词。
端午节的来源有多种说法，但最被人们接受的是为了纪念著名爱国诗人屈原。（which）
【答案及解析】A number of theories exist about its origins, among which the best accepted one is that it's for memorizing the famous patriotic poet Qu Yuan.
考察定语从句。
在汉语中，“结”寓意团圆、友好、和平和爱，所以中国结经常被用来表达美好的祝愿。（convey）
【答案及解析】In Chinese language, "jie (a knot)" means reunion, amity, peace and love, so the Chinese knot is often used to convey good wishes.
考察动词用法。
每逢佳节庆典，到处都可以看到象征着团圆意义的红灯笼，它营造了一种喜庆的氛围。（which）
【答案及解析】On festivals and celebrations, red lanterns bearing the meaning of reunion can be seen almost everywhere ,which creates a joyous atmosphere.
考察定语从句。
在古代，京剧大多是在户外演出的，因此演员们形成了一种极具穿透力的唱腔，以便每个人都能听到。（so that）
【答案及解析】In ancient times, Peking Opera was mostly performed in the open air, so the performers developed a piercing style of singing so that they could be heard by everyone.
考察状语从句。
中国功夫因其悠久的历史、丰富的内涵（connotation）以及浓厚的神秘色彩而越来越为中外所瞩目。（draw）
【答案及解析】Kungfu is drawing more and more attention at home and abroad for its long history, rich connotation and deep mysterious color.
考察动词用法。
中国人使用筷子的历史可追溯到商代，距今已有三千多年。（date）
【答案及解析】The history of using chopsticks in China dates back to the Shang Dynasty, more than3,000 years ago.
考察动词用法。
作为中国古代的四大发明之一，指南针对人们的生活，尤其是航海业的发展，起到了重要的作用。（play）
【答案及解析】As one of the four great inventions of ancient China, the compass has played an important role in people's life, especially in maritime undertakings.
考察动词搭配。
儒家思想的一个宏大的目标就是实现“大同社会”，在这样的一个社会中，每个人都能扮演好自己的角色，并与他人维持良好的关系。（where）
【答案及解析】A grand goal of Confucianism is to achieve a harmonious society where each individual plays his or her part well, and maintains a good relationship with others.
考察定语从句。
太极拳（Tai Chi）是一系列缓慢的动作，旨在修炼身心。它就像是一种舞蹈，却不需要你随音乐起舞，而是需要你向内看，跟随内心的节奏。（intend）
【答案及解析】Tai Chi is a series of slow movements (which are) intended to train people physically and mentally. It is just like a dance that requires you to look inside and dance to the internal rhythms instead of music.
考察动词用法。
十二生肖代表动物的性格特点各不相同，比如，牛是勤劳的象征，这一点在鲁迅的诗句“俯首甘为孺子牛”中有着完美的体现。（vary; which）
【答案及解析】The twelve symbolic animals vary much in their characteristics. For example, ox is a symbol of diligence, which is well presented in the verse by Lu Xun, "head bowed, like a willing ox, I serve the children".
考察动词用法和定语从句。
花木兰替父从军故事是否真实不得而知，但是千百年来，花木兰作为孝顺(filial)的典范而深受中国人的尊敬。（although）
【答案及解析】Although it is unknown whether the story that Hua Mulan joined the army for her father has any factual basis, she has been highly respected as a filial model by the Chinese people for hundreds of years.
考察状语从句。
有人说，西湖就像镶嵌（inlay）在广袤大地上的一颗璀璨的明珠。 它以其秀丽的风景、闻名的古迹、灿烂的文化和丰富的特产而闻名, 而宋代大文豪苏轼也在西湖留下了“欲把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹总相宜”的千古绝唱。（It）
【答案及解析】It is said that the West Lake is like a shining pearl inlaid on the vast land. It is renowned for its beautiful scenery, well-known historical sites, brilliant culture, and plentiful local specialties. The literary giant Su Shi in Song Dynasty also left a poetic masterpiece through the ages there: The West Lake is like the beauty Xi Shi, who is always charming with either light or heavy make-up (rainy or shiny).
考察it做形式主语。
