人教版（2019） 必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions单元测试卷（含答案）

高中英语新人教版必修二 Unit 4 History and Traditions 单元测试卷
（考试时间：100分钟 分值：100分）
班级：_________ 姓名：__________ 得分：__________
单词拼写（共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分）
1. When the new school year starts, a lot of Chinese students need to receive __________ (军事的) training as the first challenge.
2. Our __________ (证据) shows that spending time outdoors is good for kids’ eyes.
3. It is not a problem whether we can win the __________ (战役); It’s just a matter of time.
4. The manager has not made up his mind yet as to who will be in __________ (主管) of the project.
5. He was so __________ (慷慨的) that he devoted a lot of money to the flooded area.
6. Knowing some tips will help __________ (确保) that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
7. Some of us were __________ (渴望的) to take part in the class activity while others were nervous and anxious.
8. Four in five interviewees say they plan to have a family __________ (盛宴) at home instead of dining out.
9. China has listed traditional Tomb Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival as __________ (合法的) holidays.
10. A large __________ (数量) of work has been done to improve our living environment.
单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分）
1. Built by Emperor Qinshihuang as a __________ (defend) against the enemies from the North, today, the Great Wall is a symbol of China to the rest of the world.
2. It might be possible __________ (approach) the problem in a different way.
3. Maybe you can come up with a suggestion concerning the __________ (locate) of the new market.
4. Whenever I met her, she __________ (greet) me with a sweet smile.
5. During Tomb Sweeping Day, people will go to clean the graves and show respect to their __________ (ancestor).
6. The pilot made an __________ (announce) that there would be a slight delay before the plane landed.
7. The manager spoke to them all __________ (individual).
8. Gu Ailing’s total of two gold and one silver medals at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games is a brilliant __________ (achieve) for such a young girl.
9. The Dragon Boat Festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, one of the greatest Chinese __________ (poet).
10. He did field research across China and studied more than a thousand rivers and streams, along with the landscape, history and culture of the __________ (surround) areas.
完成句子（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
1. 文化遗产是瑰宝，属于各族人民而不是个人。
Cultural relics are treasures __________ all peoples rather than any individual.
2. 如今，骑自行车和慢跑、游泳一样，被认为是最好的运动方式之一。
Nowadays, cycling _____________ jogging and swimming is considered as one of the best forms of exercise.
3. 作为父母，要注意自己孩子的行为变化。
As parents, _____________ the changes in your kid’s behavior.
4. 如果有必要，你可以随时找我帮忙。
_____________, you can turn to me for help at any time.
5. 他们脱离了这个全国性工会，自己成立了一个地方组织。
They __________ from the national union and set up their own local organization.
阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
As a popular tour operator, Travel China Guide designs a lot of China tour packages (旅游套餐) for foreigners with the best-selling travel deals to wonderful must-see destinations and offers the best quality services. We warmly invite you to join us on an exciting vacation. Today we will offer you a three days’ private Zhangjiajie in-depth tour.
Day 1 Arrival in Zhangjiajie
Welcome to this charming city, Zhangjiajie. Your guide and driver will pick you up at the airport and drive you to the hotel we booked for you ahead of time. The rest time of the day remains free for you to relax.
Day 2 Glass Bridge in Zhangjiajie
Today, your private Zhangjiajie tour will start with a visit to the Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon, where you will have a chance to experience the world’s longest and highest glass bridge, Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge. In addition to an unforgettable experience, it will also give you a special angle to enjoy the beauty of the Grand Valley.
Afterwards, your guide will lead you to the Baofeng Lake where you will take a scenic boat ride. When you finish visiting the scenic area, the driver will send you back to the hotel.
Day 3 Away From Zhangjiajie
Today your Zhangjiajie tour will continue. You will be taken to the Tianmen Mountain, known as the most beautiful “Hanging Garden” in the world. Tianmen Mountain is named after a natural wonder, Tianmen Cave, which is a naturally formed hole among thousand-metre high cliffs. In addition to this wonder, you may also see different old trees, green vines and rare animals there.
Your three-day Zhangjiajie tour package will come to an end here. You will then be driven to the airport and we will say goodbye there. If you want to take your China tour schedule further, we will be glad to provide detailed information.
1. What can visitors do on Day 1
A. Book a hotel. B. Drive to a hotel.
C. Start with a visit. D. Spend time relaxing freely.
2. What can visitors enjoy on Day 3
A. The Grand Valley. B. The Baofeng Lake.
C. The Tianmen Mountain. D. Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge.
3. What can we know about Travel China Guide from the text
A. It can book the hotel for free.
B. It offers no pick-up services.
C. It is designed for Chinese visitors.
D. It provides travelling services for foreign tourists.
B
Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you’re studying history, asking yourself the question “why is history important” is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history.
History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse (一瞥) into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.
History makes us more empathetic (具有共情能力的). Studying history can give us insight into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance. We’re scared of the things that we don’t understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
History can inspire us to learn more. What’s fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It’s almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody.
The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don’t have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.
4. According to the experts, why is history useful for people to handle challenges of life
A. The problems at present are similar to those in the past.
B. Ancient people laid economic foundations for people today.
C. The current challenges of life were predicted by the ancestors.
D. People living long time ago knew more about how to solve problems.
5. What can be concluded from paragraph 4
A. It is difficult to get rid of cultural barriers.
B. People are unwilling to accept foreign cultures.
C. Cultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore.
D. History helps us improve our cross-cultural awareness.
6. With the example in paragraph 5, the writer intends to show that _________.
A. Charles Dickens contributes much to British literature
B. Oliver Twist can satisfy our curiosity about romantic poets
C. reading novels is a way to learn about a historical period
D. studying history can arouse people’s interest in other fields
7. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage
A. How to Build Cultural Identity B. Why Studying History Matters
C. Know the Past, Know the Present D. History: a Way to Broaden One’s Horizons
C
“Long time no see” is a very interesting sentence. When I first read this sentence from an American friend’s email, I laughed. I thought it was a perfect example of Chinglish.
Obviously, it is a word-by-word literal translation of the Chinese greetings with a ruled English grammar and structure! Later on, my friend told me that it is a standard American greeting. I was too thrilled to believe her. Her words could not convince me at all. So I did a research on . To my surprise, there are over 60 thousand web pages containing “Long time no see”. This sentence has been widely used in emails, letters, newspapers, movies, books, or any other possible places. Though it is sort of informal, it is part of the language that Americans use daily. Ironically, if you type this phrase in Microsoft Word, the software will tell you that the grammar needs to be corrected.
Nobody knows the origin of this Chinglish sentence. Some people believe that it came from Charlie Chan’s movies. In the 1930s, Hollywood moviemakers successfully created a worldwide famous Chinese detective named “Charlie Chan” on wide screens. Detective Chan liked to teach Americans some Chinese wisdom by quoting Confucius. “Long time no see” was his trademark. Soon after Charlie Chan, “Long time no see” became a popular phrase in the real world with thanks to the popularity of these movies.
Some scholars refer to America as a huge pot of “stew”. All kinds of culture are mixed in the stew together, and they change the color and taste of each other. American Chinese, though a minority ethnic group (少数民族) in the United States, is also contributing some changes to the stew! Language is usually the first thing to be influenced in the mixed stew.
You can have more examples other than adoptions from Chinese, such as pizza from Italian, susi from Japanese, and déjà vu from French etc. There is a long list! Americans do not just simply borrow something from others. They will modify it and make it their own, so you would not be surprised to find a tofu and peanut butter hamburger in a restaurant, or to buy a bottle of iced Chinese green tea with honey in a grocery store. Since Americans appreciate Chinese culture more and more nowadays, I believe more Chinese words will become American English in the future. In this way the American stew keeps adding richness and flavor.
8. The writer himself felt surprised at _________.
A. the Chinglish expression “Long time no see”
B. “Long time no see” used as standard American English
C. so many literal translation of the expressions used in America
D. finding out Americans use the expression every day
9. The word “stew” in paragraph 4 probably means _________.
A. the mixed culture B. Confucius’ words
C. a kind of cooked dish D. the changing American literature
10. According to the passage, it can be inferred that _________.
A. detectives translate the phrase “Long time no see”
B. Hollywood made “Long time no see” popular
C. the huge pot of stew greatly affects all kinds of languages
D. cultures can be changed in the huge pot of stew
11. The main idea of the passage is that _________.
A. some Chinese expressions are introduced into English
B. you’ll not be surprised at the tofu in a restaurant in America
C. some American expressions can be used in China
D. American English keep being enriched by different cultures
D
If you’ve been studying English for a while, you’ve probably worked out that there is more than one type of “English”. Everyone knows English is the national language of the UK and the US, but do you know that India has the second largest number of English speakers, followed by Nigeria
Like most languages, the two main factors that influence the way people speak English are geographical (where they are in the world) and social (the way their parents, friends and other people they talk to speak). That is why in the UK, people from London speak differently from those who live in Manchester, but there are also lots of different accents within London, which depend on social class.
Australian English and South African English are good examples of how English is different all over the world. These accents sound “funny” to some other speakers of English, because they have been more influenced by other languages and accents. For example, Australian English is strongly influenced by Irish convicts (罪犯) sent by the British to Australia, who also brought their slang with them. Australian English is also influenced by Aboriginal (土著的) English, so we hear words like “Kangaroo” and “Billabong” (a large pool of water in the outback).
So how should a Chinese student choose which accent to use Well, to an Australian like me, British English sounds more academic and educated than American English. However, American English is cooler — it’s the language of popular culture and blockbuster movies (非常成功的电影).
In the end, the choice is yours — just remember to be consistent.
12. What type of English does the writer speak
A. Australian English. B. British English.
C. American English. D. South African English.
13. According to the passage, what most probably causes the different ways of people speaking English in the same city
A. Geography. B. Social class. C. History. D. Politics.
14. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A. Nigeria has the third-largest number of English speakers.
B. Australia used to be a kind of prison for British prisoners.
C. South African English sounds much different from Australian English.
D. People from London speak a different language from those living in Manchester.
15. According to the writer, it is good for an English learner to _________.
A. learn all types of English existing in the world
B. create a new type of English for others to follow
C. speak American English rather than British English
D. choose a type of English he likes most and keep to it
五、七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Britons are well known for the amount of tea that they drink. The average Briton drinks more than 17,000 cups of tea in their lifetime, according to a British newspaper. Tea is drunk by all sections of society in Britain. 1 The majority of tea is grown in India and China. So, how did it become an important part of British culture
Tea arrived in London in the 1600s. 2 It was not long before green tea was available to buy. However, this was only available to the richer sections of society.
At the beginning of the 1700s the amount of tea arriving in Britain increased gradually. Black tea arrived at this time. 3 They soon discovered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar, giving the drink a special British characteristic.
In the 1800s tea was still a product enjoyed only by rich people. At this time they began to have “afternoon tea”. This involves drinking tea with a snack around 4 p.m. to avoid feeling hungry between lunch and dinner. 4
5 It was no longer a drink just for rich people. Tearooms — small restaurants where you could buy and drink tea — started to appear across the country. People enjoyed drinking tea and socialising in these places. At the start of the 20th century, Britons began to make tea in their homes whenever they felt like it.
A. But tea does not grow in Britain.
B. Britons began to drink tea in the 1700s.
C. At first people drank tea exactly as it was drunk in China.
D. The tea culture of Britain is the most famous and typical.
E. It is a tradition that is still going today but has become less popular in recent times.
F. At this time British ships were exploring the world and came across the drink in China.
G. In the late 1800s, the price of tea decreased sharply as more tea began to arrive by ship
from India and China.
六、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In our Afrikaner culture, we had a delightful tradition baking (烘烤) cookies at Christmas.
I have a friend who’s from a different culture. She 1 me into teaching her to bake Christmas cookies when knowing about my baking plan. On that day, she arrived in a(n)
2 mood. We already imagined the tasty treats that we would proudly 3 to our families and friends even before we started! 4 , in South Africa, it’s usually very hot in December.
5 hard work and long hours in a hot kitchen to the mix, and you have a reason for 6 !
I taught her about some skills in baking. But some of them would be challenging for a(n)
7 baker, let alone a first-timer. Guiding my friend had put us well 8 . On my own, I’d have done quickly and correctly. Or I could 9 and just let her watch. But I had to keep the
10 that I would teach her. Finally, we had 20 gift boxes, each 11 a mouth-watering selection of cookies. My friend couldn’t wait to share the beautiful 12 with her family. She said what she’d learned that day was more than a lifetime of 13 recipes and looking at pictures.
I was glad that I hadn’t done everything myself to make the process 14 . I would have done everything for her instead of doing everything with her, but the “doing with” is what made a big 15 .
1. A. forced B. cheated C. frightened D. talked
2. A. serious B. excited C. playful D. changed
3. A. apply B. devote C. return D. deliver
4. A. Otherwise B. However C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
5. A. Raise B. Bring C. Add D. Switch
6. A. impatience B. interruption C. enthusiasm D. laziness
7. A. fortunate B. hard-working C. experienced D. curious
8. A. behind schedule B. in embarrassment C. at risk D. in advance
9. A. start off B. take over C. carry on D. turn down
10. A. secret B. record C. promise D. balance
11. A. evaluating B. displaying C. comparing D. witnessing
12. A. fruits B. models C. choices D. designs
13. A. buying B. reading C. seeking D. valuing
14. A. prettier B. more difficult C. faster D. more interesting
15. A. difference B. mistake C. deal D. step
语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We all know how good nature can make us feel. The sound of the ocean, the smell of a forest and the way sunlight dances through 1 (leaf) help us to relax and think more clearly. The idea that humans own a deep biological need to connect with nature has been called “biophilia”,
2 (mean) “an innate love for the natural world”. Yet, according to the United Nations Population Division, so far the number of us going to urban areas 3 (grow) sharply. By
2050, 4 is said that a shocking sixty eight percent of the world’s inhabitants will live in cities. Cities are wonderful places — full of excitement, innovation 5 energy. However, living in a city can be 6 (stress). And the longer we live in cities, 7 more stress we will have, leading to increases in mental illnesses 8 depression and loneliness. The good news is that the global science community continues to explain the medical benefits of nature to the brain. Through conducting research and sharing information with different organizations, new ideas are being carried out that encourage us 9 (step) out of the fast street and reconnect with nature in a 10 (rapid) changing world.
八、写作（满分15分）
假定你校正在组织英语演讲比赛，请你以“My favorite figure in Chinese history”为话题，写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括：
1. 该人物简介及其主要贡献；
2. 该人物对你的影响。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone!
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Thanks for listening!
参考答案
一、1. military 2. evidence 3. battle 4. charge 5. generous
6. ensure 7. eager 8. feast 9. legal 10. amount
二、1. defence 2. to approach 3. location 4. greeted 5. ancestors
6. announcement 7. individually 8. achievement 9. poets 10. surrounding
三、1. belonging to
2. as well as / together with / along with / with
3. keep your eyes open for / keep an eye out for
4. If necessary
5. broke away
四、
A篇
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了为期三天的张家界深度游。
1. D 细节理解题。根据Day 1 Arrival in Zhangjiajie部分最后一句“The rest time of the day remains free for you to relax.”可知，在张家界的第一天，游客有时间自由放松。故选D。
2. C 细节理解题。根据Day 3 Away From Zhangjiajie部分“Today your Zhangjiajie tour will continue. You will be taken to the Tianmen Mountain, known as the most beautiful ‘Hanging Garden’ in the world.”可知，第三天游客可以游玩天门山。故选C。
3. D 细节理解题。根据第一段“As a popular tour operator, Travel China Guide designs a lot of China tour packages (旅游套餐) for foreigners”和最后一段“If you want to take your China tour schedule further, we will be glad to provide detailed information.”可知，Travel China Guide是专为外国游客提供旅游服务的。故选D。
B篇
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了历史的意义以及学习历史的重要性。
4. A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same ... life.”可知，现在的人们面对的问题与过去的人们面对的问题是相同的，因此现在的人们可以借鉴古人解决问题的方法。故选A。
5. D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures.”和“History has the potential ... foreign to us.”可知，学习历史可以帮助我们了解其他文化，提升我们的跨文化意识。故选D。
6. D 推理判断题。根据第五段主题句“History can inspire us to learn more.”以及所举例子的内容可知，当学习十九世纪的英国历史时，你可能会看到查尔斯·狄更斯的小说《雾都孤儿》。当查阅有关查尔斯·狄更斯的信息时，你可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西。或者你可能最终会把注意力从小说上移开，了解到浪漫主义诗人的历史。由此可推知，作者举例是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣。故选D。
7. B 标题概括题。根据第一段中的“If you’re studying history, asking yourself the question ‘why is history important’ is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization.”可知，作者开篇提出“历史为何重要”的问题，之后从四个方面（第二至五段）来回答这一问题；最后一段中的“The value of history cannot be underestimated.”呼应主题，强调历史的价值不可被低估。综上所述，文章意在向读者说明学习历史为何重要，故B项作文章标题最佳。故选B。
C篇
本文是一篇议论文。文章通过一个非常有趣的句子“Long time no see”，展示出美国英语一直被不同的文化丰富着的现象。
8. B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Later on, my friend told me that it is a standard American greeting. I was too thrilled to believe her. Her words could not convince me at all. So I did a research on . To my surprise, there are over 60 thousand web pages containing ‘Long time no see’.”可知，作者对“Long time no see”是一个标准的美式问候语感到惊讶。故选B。
9. A 词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句“Some scholars refer to America as a huge pot of ‘stew’.”和第二句“All kinds of culture are mixed in the stew together, and they change the color and taste of each other.”可推知，stew指“交融的文化”。故选A。
10. B 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“In the 1930s, Hollywood moviemakers successfully created a worldwide famous Chinese detective named ‘Charlie Chan’ on wide screens.”和最后一句“Soon after Charlie Chan, ‘Long time no see’ became a popular phrase in the real world with thanks to the popularity of these movies.”可知，由于这些影片的受欢迎，“Long time no see”变成了真正世界流行的短语。故选B。
11. D 主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是最后一段最后两句“Since Americans appreciate Chinese culture more and more nowadays, I believe more Chinese words will become American English in the future. In this way the American stew keeps adding richness and flavor.”可知，文章主要介绍了美式英语受不同文化的影响，不断丰富的现象。故选D。
D篇
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英语在不同的国家，甚至在同一城市受到各种因素的影响，口音会有所不同。作为中国学生，选择何种口音的英语取决于自己，但要注意坚持一致。
12. A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的第二句“Well, to an Australian like me, British English sounds more academic and educated than American English.”可知，作者是澳大利亚人，由此推知，作者讲的应该是澳大利亚英语。故选A。
13. B 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“That is why in the UK, people from London speak differently from those who live in Manchester, but there are also lots of different accents within London, which depend on social class.”可知，伦敦英语也有不同口音，这取决于社会阶层，所以同一个城市里，口音不同是由于社会阶层不同造成的。故选B。
14. C 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“That is why in the UK, people from London speak differently from those who live in Manchester, but there are also lots of different accents within London, which depend on social class.”可知，伦敦人和曼彻斯特人说话时口音不同，但是他们说的都是英语，所以D项说法错误，符合题意。故选D。
15. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In the end, the choice is yours — just remember to be consistent.”可知，根据作者的观点，英语学习者应该选择一种自己喜欢的英语类型，并坚持下去。故选D。
五、
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了茶传入英国并逐渐流行起来的历史。
1. A 根据空前“Tea is drunk by all sections of society in Britain.（英国社会各阶层都喝茶。）”和空后“The majority of tea is grown in India and China.（大多数的茶叶都产自中国和印度。）”。故可推知，空处应说明英国不产茶，与上文“英国人普遍喝茶”形成转折，所以才会有第一段末提出的疑问——茶怎么会成为英国文化的一个重要部分？A项符合语境。故选A。
2. F 根据空前“Tea arrived in London in the 1600s.（17世纪，茶叶传到英国。）”和空后“It was not long before green tea was available to buy.（不久之后，绿茶就能买得到了。）”可推知，空处应说明17世纪发生了什么事情导致茶叶不久之后就能购买了。F项指出英国的船只在全球探险并在中国偶然发现了茶这种饮品。故选F。
3. C 根据空前“Black tea arrived at this time.（这时红茶也传到了英国。）”和空后“They soon discovered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar, giving the drink a special British characteristic.（英国人很快发现，把红茶和一点牛奶、糖混合在一起特别好，这使红茶具有一种特别的英国风味。）”的内容可推知，空处介绍的应是英国人一开始喝红茶的方式，C项内容与语境相符。故选C。
4. E 根据空前“At this time they began to have ‘afternoon tea’. This involves drinking tea with a snack around 4 p.m. to avoid feeling hungry between lunch and dinner.（同时，他们开始喝下午茶。在下午4点左右，用茶搭配点心以避免在午餐和晚餐之间感到饥饿。）”可推知，这一段的核心是“下午茶”。E项进一步解释“下午茶”是英国的一种传统，但最近没那么流行了，与本段段落大意一致。故选E。
5. G 根据前文第二段到第四段的首句中的“in the 1600s”“At the beginning of the 1700s”“In the 1800s”可推知，本文主要以时间顺序介绍茶在英国的历史，故这一段首句也应包含一个时间状语；且根据空后“It was no longer a drink just for rich people.（茶叶不再是富人专享。）”可推断出空处应讲述发生了何事导致茶叶的价格降低。G项中的“as more tea began to arrive by ship from India and China”指出，这是因为越来越多的茶叶通过船运从印度和中国运往英国，符合语境。故选G。
六、
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和朋友一起烤圣诞饼干的故事，虽然过程很慢，但是作者和朋友都非常开心，作者也了解了比起为朋友做事情，和朋友一起做事情才更有意义。
1. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道我的烘焙计划后，她说服我教她烤圣诞饼干。A. forced“强迫”；B. cheated“欺骗”；C. frightened“使害怕”；D. talked“讲话；讨论”。由前文和后文可知，She指代作者的朋友，作者教朋友做了饼干，所以此处选D贴合题意，构成短语talk sb into doing sth，表示“说服某人做某事”。故选D。
2. B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天，她怀着激动的心情来我家。A. serious“严肃的”；B. excited“激动的”；C. playful“好玩的；爱嬉戏的”；D. changed“改变的”。由前文可知，作者的朋友想让作者教她烤圣诞饼干，结合后文提示“imagined the tasty treats”和“proudly”可知，还没开始之前两个人心情都很愉悦，所以朋友此刻的心情是“激动的”。故选B。
3. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：甚至在我们开始之前，我们就已经想象到了我们会自豪地送给家人和朋友的美味饼干！A. apply“应用；申请”；B. devote“投入”；C. return“返回”；D. deliver“投递；运送”。分析句子结构可知，该句子是that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the tasty treats，关系词在从句中作宾语，实际上就是“we deliver the tasty treats to our families and friends”，我们“送给”亲朋好友美味的饼干，所以D选项符合题意。故选D。
4. B 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在南非，12月的天气通常很热。A. Otherwise“否则”；B. However“然而”；C. Therefore“因此”；D. Meanwhile“同时”。根据前文描述作者和朋友在开始烤饼干前特别开心，以及后文描述天气很热，可知，前文的“the tasty treats”和“proudly”与空后的“very hot”形成转折关系。故选B。
5. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：再加上艰苦的工作和在炎热的厨房里长时间工作，你就有了急躁的理由。A. Raise“抚养；筹集”；B. Bring“带来”；C. Add“添加”；D. Switch“转换”。空后的“hard work and long hours”与前文的“very hot”构成递进关系，所以C符合题意，构成短语add...to...，表示“添加……到……中”。故选C。
6. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. impatience“急躁”；B. interruption“打断”；C. enthusiasm“热情”；D. laziness“懒惰”。根据前文的描述“12月份天气很炎热，厨房里的工作艰苦冗长”可知，这些都会导致负面的感彩。结合后文“On my own, I’d have done quickly and correctly.”，可知作者此刻有些“着急；不耐烦”了，所以A选项符合题意。故选A。
7. C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但其中一些技巧对有经验的面包师来说都是挑战，更不用说新手了。A. fortunate“幸运的”；B. hard-working“努力的”；C. experienced“有经验的”；D. curious“好奇的”。根据空后“let alone a first-timer”可知，空处选C符合题意，一些技巧对“有经验的”烘焙师是挑战，更别说是新手了，形成比较。故选C。
8. A 考查介词短语辨析。句意：指导我的朋友做饼干导致我们远远落后于计划。A. behind schedule“落后于预定时间”；B. in embarrassment“尴尬地”；C. at risk“置于危险中”；D. in advance“提前”。根据后文“On my own, I’d have done quickly and correctly.”可知，如果是我自己烤饼干，我会做得又快又好，但是我朋友是新手，所以边指导她边烤饼干大大影响了我们的速度，所以A选项符合题意，behind schedule呼应quickly。故选A。
9. B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：或者我可以接手，让她在旁边看着。A. start off“出发；开始”；B. take over“接管”；C. carry on“继续”；D. turn down“调低；拒绝”。根据并列词“and”和“just let her watch”可推知，B选项符合题意，表示我来“接手”，让她在旁边观摩。故选B。
10. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我必须遵守我教她的诺言。A. secret“秘密”；B. record“记录”；C. promise“承诺”；D. balance“平衡”。之前朋友已经说服我教她烤饼干，这是对她的“承诺”，keep the promise表示“信守承诺”，所以C符合题意。故选C。
11. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们有20个礼品盒，每个礼品盒里都有令人垂涎欲滴的饼干。A. evaluating“评估”；B. displaying“陈列；展示”；C. comparing“对比”；D. witnessing“见证”。此处非谓语动词的逻辑主语each指代前文的礼品盒，礼品盒“陈列”出我们做的美味的饼干。故选B。
12. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友迫不及待地和她的家人分享这些美味的成果。A. fruits“水果；成果”；B. models“模型”；C. choices“选择”；D. designs“设计”。此处指代前文烤好的美味饼干，这是努力的“成果”。故选A。
13. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说她那天学到的东西比一辈子读食谱和看图片都要多。A. buying“购买”；B. reading“阅读”；C. seeking“寻找”；D. valuing“珍惜”。根据连词“and”和空后提示“looking at pictures”可知，空处前后语义相同或相近，应填reading。故选B。
14. C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴我没有亲力亲为来加快这个过程。A. prettier“更美丽的”；B. more difficult“更困难的”；C. faster“更快的”；D. more interesting“更有趣的”。根据前文第三段可知，如果是作者自己来烤饼干，速度会加快很多，所以此处C符合题意，呼应前文的“quickly”。故选C。
15. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我本能为她做所有的事，而不是和她一起做所有的事，但“和她一起做”才是最重要的。A. difference“区别；变化”；B. mistake“错误”；C. deal“交易”；D. step“步伐”。根据前文句意可知，作者强调要和朋友一起去做而不是为朋友去做，所以此处选A，构成固定短语make a difference，表示“有影响，意义重大”。故选A。
七、
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了大自然会让人感觉很好，分析了现代人的居住情况并鼓励大家回归自然。
1. leaves 考查名词的复数。leaf在此表示“叶子”，是可数名词，前面没有限定词，所以要用复数形式。故填leaves。
2. meaning 考查非谓语动词。主句的谓语是has been called，“______ (mean) ‘an innate love for the natural world’”为非谓语动词短语作定语，mean与biophilia是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。故填meaning。
3. has grown 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由句中的时间标志so far可知，此处应用现在完成时；the number of us作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has grown。
4. it 考查代词。此处表示，据说到2050年，世界人口的68%会居住在城市里。“it is said that ...”为固定句型，表示“据说……”，that从句为真正的主语，此处应填it作形式主语。故填it。
5. and 考查连词。energy与excitement，innovation之间为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
6. stressful 考查词性转换。空处在句中作表语，表示生活在城市中会有压力。故填stressful。
7. the 考查定冠词。句意：我们在城市里住得越久，就会有越多的压力，会导致像抑郁和孤单这样的心理疾病的增加。“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。故填the。
8. like 考查介词。句意同上，此处表示列举，应用介词like，表示“像”。故填like。
9. to step 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to step。
10. rapidly 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词修饰changing。故填rapidly。
八、
Good morning, everyone!
I feel honored to give you a speech on my favorite figure in Chinese history — Confucius. As is known to all, he is one of the greatest thinkers and educators in China. He established an educational system, which made an enormous impact on the development of traditional Chinese culture. Furthermore, many of his wise sayings helped many people learn about nature, the world, and human behavior.
In fact, his thoughts always inspire me to pursue knowledge and I’d like to be a teacher like him one day.
Thanks for listening!